Process models - STI Innsbruck

Process modelsMSc 2008/2009MSc 2008/2009

Lecture 13/14

© Copyright 2007 STI - INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at

1

Summary of the previous lecture

• Propositional logics.

• First-order logics.

• Entailnment, models, truth tables, validity, satisfiability, logical equivalencesatisfiability, logical equivalence

• RDFS.

• OWL.

www.sti-innsbruck.at 2

Today‘s lecture

• Process models.

• Business process models.

• Standards.

• UML continued.


Process modeling

• A process model is a description of a process. P d l ft i t d ith b iProcess models are often associated with business processes.

• A business process is a collection of related, structured activities that produce a service or product that meet the needs of a client.


Business Process Modeling

• Business Process Modeling (BPM) is the activity f ti f t i th tof representing processes of an enterprise, so that

the current ("as is") process may be analyzed and improved in future ("to be"). p ( )

• BPM is typically performed by business analysts and managers who are seeking to improve process efficiency and qualityefficiency and quality.


Business ProcessWhat is intended to happen

is defined in a is managed by a

P D fi iti

What is intended to happen

Workflow Management SystemProcess DefinitionRepresentation of what is intended to happen

g y( BPMS )

d t composed of

Controls the automated Aspects of the process.

roce

ss

composed of

hi h b

Activities Process Instanceused to create & manage

composed of

Representation of what is actually happening

subp

which may be

ManualActivities

AutomatedActivities

includes one or moreduring execution are

represented by Activity I tActivities Activities

Work Items Invoked

Instances

http://www.xpdl.org/tdocs/200809_KMWorld/200809_SJ03_BPMA h t


ApplicationsTasks allocated to aWorkflow Participant. Services called as

part of process

Arch.ppt

Data and process models


BPM questions

• How do we design and communicate this ?process?

• How do we perform this process well?• How do we manage this process well?• How do we manage this process well?• How do we maintain compliance to rules and

regulations?g• How should technology support this process?

http://www.xpdl.org/tdocs/200809_KMWorld/200809_SJ03_BPMArch.ppt


Evolution of Workflow and Business Process ModelingBusiness Process Modeling


9http://www.xpdl.org/tdocs/200809_KMWorld/200809_SJ03_BPMArch.ppt

1990 Workflow in the Brain

UI“S ”

Application

“Screens” Backg

Confor

List A

New

A

Mod A

Del A

ApplicationLogic

in

ground C

rmance R

Accts

Acct

Acct

cct

MonolithicProgram

Enterprise Application“Account Management”

Check

Rules

www.sti-innsbruck.at

1993 Workflow Assist in Sequence

Human BPM/Workflow

backgroundcheck

createaccount

checkguidelines

Launches User accesses

UI“Screens”

LaunchesUI

User accessesoriginal UI directly

C

ApplicationLogic

Backgro

Conform

List Ac

New

Ac

Mod A

c

Del A

ccLogicin

MonolithicProgram

Enterprise Application

ound Che

mance R

u

cts

cct

cct

ct



eck

ules

1996 Distribute Work

backgroundcheck

createaccount

checkguidelines

L h

UI“Screens”

Launches

ApplicationLogic

Backgro

Conform

List Ac

New

Ac

Mod A

c

Del A

cc

in MonolithicProgram

Enterprise Application

ound Che

mance R

u

ccts

cct

cct

ct


p pp“Account Management”

eck

ules

2002 Service Oriented Architecture

UI connects user to process engine, not

the back-end applications

enterinfo

createaccount

bgcheck rules Review

Exposed

info accountcheck

pWeb

Services Backg

Confo

List A

New

Mod

Del A

ApplicationLogic

Service Oriented Enterprise Application

ground C

ormance R

Accts

Acct

Acct

Acct


Oriented Architecture


heck

Rules

2005 Composite Services = IT Agility

enterinfo

createaccountcall 1 Reviewinfo account

CompositeESB / BPEL

Application

pServices

B Ol L N M DN

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

Backgro

ld Rules

List Accts

New

Acct

Mod A

cct

Del A

cct

New

Rul


Services

ound

sles

Human Activities Have Three Phases

User Interface(while waiting)

Review

( g)

Automated phase before Automated phase afterAutomated phase beforeto prepare for the task

Wait phase for

Automated phase afterto take care of resultsof the task

Wait phase for human to do the work,includes timers and

l ti l i

Note: this notation is not standard!


escalation logic

2008 Simplify as “Human Steps”

call 1enterinfo Reviewinfo

ESB / BPELComposite ESB / BPEL

Application

pServices

Ba

Ru L N M D

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

ackground

ules

List Accts

New

Acct

Mod A

cct

Del A

cct


Services

Separation of Responsibility

Business Retains Control of• Assignment of Responsibility• Groups Roles Skills• Groups, Roles, Skills• Deadlines• Alerts, Reminders, Escalations• Order of Tasks• Addition of Manual Tasks

call 1enterinfo Review

• Addition of Manual Tasks• User Interface

IT Retains Control ofIT Retains Control of• Computational Logic• Data Representations• Scalability / Performance

ESB / BPEL

Ba

Ru L N M D

• Interoperability• Master Data Management

ackground

ules

List Accts

New

Acct

Mod A

cct

Del A

cct


Separate Development Depends strongly on who is in each organization.

Who?Changes on daily basis

Organizational CultureBusiness Retains Control of• Assignment of Responsibility

When?

g

Optimize for each team

Respond to market or legislation

• Groups, Roles, Skills• Deadlines• Alerts, Reminders, Escalations• Order of Tasks p g

Related to Training, Experience• Addition of Manual Tasks• User Interface

What?Very low or no dependence upon the organizational culture

IT Retains Control of• Computational Logic• Data Representations

How?Requires expensive technical capabilities

p• Scalability / Performance• Interoperability• Master Data Management

www.sti-innsbruck.at Knowledge of infrastructure

Standards


19http://www.xpdl.org/tdocs/200809_KMWorld/200809_SJ03_BPMArch.ppt

BPM Standards foster convergence

• BPMN – Business Process Modelling Notationwidely accepted as standard for the look of a process

• XPDL – XML Process Definition Language promotes the exchange of processes between vendors and tools:– Modelling and Simulation– Process Design and ImplementationProcess Design and Implementation– Process Deployment– BAM and Historical Reporting

• BPEL – Business Process Execution Languagei l d l th t bl t fincludes only the executable aspects of a process– Oriented toward orchestration of Web Services

• Wf-XML - Inter Engine Collaborationprovides runtime integration between process servicesp g p

• BPAF - Business Process Analytics Formatprovides standard event format for Process Intelligence Tools


20

Standards Landscape

Process Model Diagram

UML Activity Diagrams BPMN 1.0

Presentation

XFormsNear Completion

Stable

BPMN 1.1

Process Model Semantics

BPDM 1.0 BPMN 2.0 (BPDM 2) JSF WS-RP

Collaboration AgreementProcess Model Definition/Storage Formats

ebXML BPSS ebXML CPA/CPP

Monitoring & Audit

WfMC IF5 1.0 (CWAD)

Under Development

Ideation StageWfMC IF5

2.0 (XWAD)

BPRIRosettaNet PIPs

Service Orchestration

Choreography Definition

WS-CDLBPEL

Runtime Interaction

Wf-XML 1.0 WfMCWAPI

Service/Human

Interaction

BPEL4P Wf-XML 2 0

XPDL 2.1

Repository & Discovery

UDDI

Assurance

WS-Security SAML

Service End Point Definition

WSDL

WAPIeople 2.0

Transport Reliability

ebXML-RM WS-RM ...

Encoding

SOAP / AttachmentsWS-Addressing

Data Definition

XML-Schema

www.sti-innsbruck.atTransport Layer

HTTP JMS ...Proprietary (e.g. MQSeries)

Workflow / BPM Reference Model


Workflow / BPM Reference Model

BPMN

XPDL

BPEL Wf-XMLBPAF

SOAP

REST


BPMN: Business Process Modeling Notationg• Defines the way the process LOOKS

• Provides a dictionary of standard shapes with particular meanings

• Consistent use of shape/meaning benefits everyone– reduces the learning curve,– training on shapes is useful for multiple products


BPMN: Flow Elements

• Activities ~ work that is performed within a business ( t d b d d t l )process (represented by a rounded rectangle).

• Events ~ something that happens during the course• Events ~ something that happens during the course of a business process which affects the sequence or timing of activities of a process (represented as small circles with different boundaries to distinguish start events (thin black line), intermediate events (double line) and end events (thick black line)). ( ) ( ))


http://www.sparxsystems.com/business_process_model.html

BPMN: Flow Elements (II)

• Gateways ~ control how sequence flows converge d di ithi G tand diverge within a process. Gateways can

represent decisions, where one or more paths are disallowed, or they can represent concurrent forks. , y p

• Sequence flows. A sequence flow is used to show the order in which activities are performed within a process A sequence flow is represented by a lineprocess. A sequence flow is represented by a line with a solid arrowhead.



BPMN: Flow Elements (III)

• Message flows. A message flow is used to show th fl f b t t titi hthe flow of messages between two entities, where pools are used to represent entities. A message flow is represented by a dashed line with a light-p y gcolored circle at the source and arrowhead at the target. Associations An association is used to associate• Associations. An association is used to associate information and artifacts with flow objects. An association is represented by a dashed line which may or may not have a line arrowhead at the target end if there is a reason to show directionality.



BPMN: Swimlanes / Partitions

• Pools. A pool represents a participant in a process, h ti i t b b i titwhere a participant may be a business entity or

role. It is represented as a partition of the process. • Lanes A lane is a sub-division of a pool and is usedLanes. A lane is a sub division of a pool and is used

to organize and categorize activities within the pool.



BPMN: Artifacts

• Data objects. A data object does not have a direct ff t b t d id i f tiaffect on a process but does provide information

relevant to the process. It is represented as a rectangle with the top corner folded over. g p

• Groups. A group is an informal means for grouping elements of a process. It is represented as a rectangle with a dashed line borderrectangle with a dashed line border.

• Annotations. An annotation is a mechanism for the BPMN modeler to provide additional information to pthe audience of a BPMN diagram. It is represented by an open rectangle containing the annotation text.



Examples



Examples (II)



Examples (III)



XPDL: XML Process Definition Language

• The FILE FORMAT for a process definition• Exchange process definitions between

– Different BPM/Workflow ProductsP M d lli / Si l ti t l d– Process Modelling/ Simulation tools and BPM/Workflow Products

– Supported by more than 70 commercial BPA/ BPM yproducts and interoperability demonstrated; use of tools that support the standard ensures that you are not locked in to any particular vendory p

• Full support for BPMN


BPEL: Business Process Execution Languageg g

• Powerful programming language for Web service orchestration and XML manipulationservice orchestration and XML manipulation

• Oriented toward building composite applications, not necessarily BPM

f• Inflated expectations in media to be universal process language; now disillusioned

• No support for human activitiespp– Look to BPEL4People effort to add this

• No sub-processes– Look to BPEL Subprocess effort to add this– Look to BPEL Subprocess effort to add this

• No on-the-fly process modifications


Process Design EcosystemRisk/Control Ownership/Issue Resources/Time Goals/StrategiesUser needs

Vendor C Vendor DVendor BVendor A

Process Risk Mgmt Process SimulationProcess Modeling Process Optimization

Risk/Control Ownership/Issue Resources/Time Goals/Strategies

Tool- specific

User needs

BPMN BPMN BPMN BPMN

Process Model

pcapabilities

Process

Vendor FVendor E

Process Model Repository

Process structure is shared by all tools

e do

SOA DesignWorkflow Design

Execution environments have different strengths,

Process Execution Process Execution

Executable Model Repository (e.g. XPDL)

Executable Model Repository (e.g. BPEL)X

different strengths,no model exchange at this level Limited Portability

www.sti-innsbruck.at ◄ Wf-XML ►People

Integration

Wf-XML: Runtime Integration

• Sales Process on Server A

Draft Aprove LegalReview Close

Wf XMLWf-XMLbased on SOAP or REST

Standard Protocol between process engines allows oneprocess to reuse another

Contract Tort Exec

pacross technologies.

Specialist Specialist Analyst

Legal Review Process on Server Bwww.sti-innsbruck.at

g

BPAF: Business Process Analytics Format

• Standardized Event Format– XML Syntax

f S– Defined Attribute Semantics

• Process State Model• Activity State Model• Activity State Model

BusinessBusinessProcess

BusinessProcess

ManagementIntelligenceWarehouse

SystemServers


Standards Timeline - Releases1994 1998 2000 2001 2008 201020072006 20092004 20052002 2003

WfMC

1994 1998 2000 2001 2008 201020072006 20092004 20052002 2003

RefModel Wf-XML-RWf-XML 1.0 Wf-XML 1.1

WPDL XPDL 2.0 XPDL 2.1XPDL 1.0

Model

XPDL 3.0

BPMI

BPMN 1.0BPAF

OMG

XML

BPMN 1 0 BPMN BPMN BPMN

OASIS

BPMN 1.0 1.21.1 2.0


OASIS

BPEL4PeopleBPEL

Business Level Agilityg y


http://www.xpdl.org/tdocs/200809_KMWorld/200809_SJ03_BPMArch.ppt

Agility = Business Driven Change w/o Programming

News Flash!

S thSome otherbank sued!Need to call 1enter

info Review

respondquickly to avoid risk!avoid risk! ESB / BPEL

Ba

Ru L N M Dackground

ules

List Accts

New

Acct

Mod A

cct

Del A

cct



ImmediateImmediateResponse:

Handle the call 1enterinfo Reviewlegal

check

problem manually with a specialist team -- the next day.

ESB / BPEL

Ba

Ru L N M Dackground

ules

List Accts

New

Acct

Mod A

cct

Del A

cct



Eventually:Eventually:

Automate the step with a call 1enter

info Review

service, and eliminate the manual review team a few weeks or months later

ESB / BPEL

Ba

Ru L N M D

Leglater. ckground

les

List Accts

New

Acct

Mod A

cct

Del A

cct

gal Com

pli


iance

UML and Business Process ModelingModeling


43

http://www.sparxsystems.com/resources/uml2_tutorial/index.html

• UML emerged in the areas of software engineering d t d iand systems design.

• It can also be used at the analysis and modeling of business processesbusiness processes.

• UML 2.x provides behavioral diagrams which can capture information about processes and activities critical to every business.


Behavior diagrams

• Behavior diagrams are about the interaction and the states of a model over time.states of a model over time.

• They are intended to be used to capture information about how a system will act in a real-world environment, and about the effects and outcomes of particular

ti t d ithi th toperations executed within the system.

• Activity diagrams represent the business and operational workflows of components in a systemoperational workflows of components in a system.

• State Machine diagrams describe the states of a model during its execution.

• Sequence diagrams show the sequence of messages• Sequence diagrams show the sequence of messages passed between objects using a vertical timeline.


Activity diagrams


Activity diagrams (II)


State machine diagrams


State machine diagrams (II)


Sequence diagrams

http://www.tracemodeler.com/articles/a_quick_introduction_to_uml_sequence_diagra


gms/images/a%20typical%20sequence%20diagram.png

Summary

• Process modeling and business process modeling

• BPMN and other standard.

• UML behavior diagrams.


Further reading

• http://www.bpmn.org/Documents/OMG%20BPMN%20T t i l df20Tutorial.pdf


Some concluding remarks

• These were the last lectures of this course.

• The solutions to the assignments 11/12 should be sent per email to elena simperl@sti2 at no latersent per email to [email protected] no later than January, 26 12:00.


More concluding remarks

• The lecture examination will be held on January, 26 14:30 16:00 3W0314:30 – 16:00 3W03.– No additional materials are allowed (hand-written, printouts,

textbooks, laptops etc).– All topics (and literature) covered in the lecture are relevantAll topics (and literature) covered in the lecture are relevant

for the examination.– The examination will consist of a theory part (free text and

multiple choice questions) and a practical part with exercises i il t th i t f th isimilar to the assignments of the seminar.

– You are expected to be familiar to the UML notation used in the lecture, to a ER notation of your choice and to the abstract syntax of the languages RDF, RDFS and OWL.abst act sy ta o t e a guages , S a d O

– If you have additional questions, please send an email to [email protected]


Assignments 11/12

• Read the tutorial at htt // b /D t /OMG%20BPMN%http://www.bpmn.org/Documents/OMG%20BPMN%20Tutorial.pdf and make the exercises convered by this tutorial.


Thank You!

Questions?

Good Luck!
