Procedure Design Considerations

Procedure Design Procedure Design ConsiderationsConsiderations


BEIJING, CHINA; 30 JUN-11 JUL 2014

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

✈ By the end of this presentation you should understand:By the end of this presentation you should understand:

✈Procedure design considerations including:Procedure design considerations including:✈Path TerminatorsPath Terminators

✈Waypoint TypesWaypoint Types

✈Factors affecting turn radiusFactors affecting turn radius

✈ By the end of this presentation you should understand:By the end of this presentation you should understand:

✈Procedure design considerations including:Procedure design considerations including:✈Path TerminatorsPath Terminators

✈Waypoint TypesWaypoint Types

✈Factors affecting turn radiusFactors affecting turn radius

22

Conceptual Design: What Conceptual Design: What Next?Next?

Conceptual Design: What Conceptual Design: What Next?Next?

33


RNAV Path TypesRNAV Path Types


RNAV Path TypesRNAV Path Types

44

5

Why PBN

Slide 6

PBN Route Using Waypoints

Waypoints

Path TerminatorsPath Terminators

7

TerminatorPath

CA

DFI

MR

Altitude

Distance

DME distance

Next leg

Manual termination

Radial termination

FixF

Constant DME arc

Course to

Direct Track

Course from a fix to

Holding pattern

Initial

Constant radius

Track between

Heading to

CD

H

R

A

I

VT

Path TerminatorsPath TerminatorsPath TerminatorsPath Terminators

✈ Track to Fix - TFTrack to Fix - TF

✈ Direct to Fix - DFDirect to Fix - DF

✈ Course to Fix - CFCourse to Fix - CF

✈ Fix to Altitude - FAFix to Altitude - FA

✈ Course to Altitude - CACourse to Altitude - CA

✈ Heading to Altitude - VAHeading to Altitude - VA

✈ Radius to Fix - RFRadius to Fix - RF

✈ Fix to Manual Termination – FM/VMFix to Manual Termination – FM/VM

✈ Track to Fix - TFTrack to Fix - TF

✈ Direct to Fix - DFDirect to Fix - DF

✈ Course to Fix - CFCourse to Fix - CF

✈ Fix to Altitude - FAFix to Altitude - FA

✈ Course to Altitude - CACourse to Altitude - CA

✈ Heading to Altitude - VAHeading to Altitude - VA

✈ Radius to Fix - RFRadius to Fix - RF

✈ Fix to Manual Termination – FM/VMFix to Manual Termination – FM/VM

88

Track to FixTrack to Fix

9

TF Leg

A

B

Direct to FixDirect to Fix

10

DirectDF Leg

Unspecified position

A

Course to FixCourse to Fix

11

CF Leg

080

A0

Fix to AltitudeFix to Altitude

12

AUnspecified

Position

8000'

FA Leg

0800

Course to AltitudeCourse to Altitude

13

Unspecified Position

CA Leg

0900

Unspecified Position

VA Leg

0900

8000'

Heading to AltitudeHeading to Altitude

14

Radius to FixRadius to Fix

15

Pre

viou

sS

egm

ent Arc

Centre

NextSegm

entA

C

B

RF Leg

Fix to Manual TerminationFix to Manual Termination

16

110°

VM Leg

RadarVectors

AFM Leg

120 0

Track Distances Between Track Distances Between TurnsTurns

Track Distances Between Track Distances Between TurnsTurns

1717

YYaa YYbb

aa bb

LegdistLegdist

Fly-by WPFly-by WP

Fly-by WPFly-by WP

rraa

r r bb

YYaa

aa

LegdistLegdist

Fly-byFly-byWPWP

Fly-over WPFly-over WP

rraa

aa

LegdistLegdist

Fly-overFly-overWPWP

rra1a1 YYbb

bb

Fly-by WPFly-by WP

aa

LegdistLegdist

Fly-overFly-overWPWP

Fly-over WPFly-over WPrra1a1

18

Impact of Turn PerformanceFly-By vs Fly-Over

Impact of Turn PerformanceFly-By vs Fly-Over

Fly-By Fly-Over

Q2*t95-(43r/2)

19

Impact of Turn PerformanceFly-By


DTAD

TA

MinimumSegment Length= DTA1+DTA2X-y2/(-9/43z)

Q2*t95-(43r/2)J<>(t%w +(12#d-p4))

20

Impact of Turn Performance Speed Affects Turn Radius

Impact of Turn Performance Speed Affects Turn Radius

A B

21

Impact of Turn Performance Bank Angle Affects Turn Radius

Impact of Turn Performance Bank Angle Affects Turn Radius

A B

22



BA

23

Impact of Turn Performance Impact of Turn Performance

A

B

24


A

B

25


Turn Start Point ->

Turn Start Point ->

26


A

B

27


A

B

28


A

B

29

Impact of Turn Angle Impact of Turn Angle

30


AB

31


AB

AB

32


33


34

Impact of Turn PerformanceRF Turns

Impact of Turn PerformanceRF Turns

Fix

Radius

All aircraft fly assigned radius

ATC Design ConsiderationsATC Design ConsiderationsATC Design ConsiderationsATC Design Considerations

✈Turns of more than 90 degrees may result in Turns of more than 90 degrees may result in significant track variation.significant track variation.

✈Turns of 60 to 90 degrees create more Turns of 60 to 90 degrees create more manageable track variations.manageable track variations.

✈Turns of 60 or less result in little track variation.Turns of 60 or less result in little track variation.

✈RF turns result in little track variation.RF turns result in little track variation.

✈Turns of more than 90 degrees may result in Turns of more than 90 degrees may result in significant track variation.significant track variation.

✈Turns of 60 to 90 degrees create more Turns of 60 to 90 degrees create more manageable track variations.manageable track variations.

✈Turns of 60 or less result in little track variation.Turns of 60 or less result in little track variation.

✈RF turns result in little track variation.RF turns result in little track variation.

3535

36

Impact of Turn PerformanceControlling Angles & SpeedImpact of Turn PerformanceControlling Angles & Speed

Speed and Altitude ConstraintsSpeed and Altitude ConstraintsSpeed and Altitude ConstraintsSpeed and Altitude Constraints

✈Speed constraints allow tighter turns and can Speed constraints allow tighter turns and can assist ATC function.assist ATC function.

✈Altitude constraints can provide separation Altitude constraints can provide separation from obstacles and other aircraft.from obstacles and other aircraft.

✈Speed constraints allow tighter turns and can Speed constraints allow tighter turns and can assist ATC function.assist ATC function.

✈Altitude constraints can provide separation Altitude constraints can provide separation from obstacles and other aircraft.from obstacles and other aircraft.

3737


RNAV Approach TypesRNAV Approach Types

{ RNAV (GNSS) vs RNAV(RNP) }{ RNAV (GNSS) vs RNAV(RNP) }


RNAV Approach TypesRNAV Approach Types

{ RNAV (GNSS) vs RNAV(RNP) }{ RNAV (GNSS) vs RNAV(RNP) }

3838

PBNPBNPBNPBN

3939

ICAO State Letter SP 65/4-13/24

Proposes amendments to:•PANS-OPS, Volume I•PAN-OPS Volume II•Annex 4•Annex 6, Parts I, II and III•Annex 14, Volume II•Annex 15•PANS-ABC

Applicable on 13 November 2014

RNAV (GNSS) ApproachesRNAV (GNSS) ApproachesRNAV (GNSS) ApproachesRNAV (GNSS) Approaches

4040

IAF

IAFIAF IF

FAF

MA pt

IF/IAF

FAF

MA pt

IAFIAF

T Bar Y Bar

90o

FAF

With RF*

RF

MA pt

IAF

*PANS-OPS 2.4.1.413 NOV 2014

RNAV (RNP) ApproachesRNAV (RNP) ApproachesRNAV (RNP) ApproachesRNAV (RNP) Approaches

4141

FAF

RNP-AR

RF

MA pt

IAF

RNAV (GNSS and RNP)RNAV (GNSS and RNP)RNAV (GNSS and RNP)RNAV (GNSS and RNP)

✈ RNAV(GNSS) is an RNP approachRNAV(GNSS) is an RNP approach

✈ RNAV(RNP) is an RNP-AR approachRNAV(RNP) is an RNP-AR approach

✈ Letters in parenthesis are not said in clearanceLetters in parenthesis are not said in clearance

✈ RNAV(GNSS) RWY22 and RNAV(RNP)RWY22 are both RNAV(GNSS) RWY22 and RNAV(RNP)RWY22 are both cleared as RNAV RWY22 approach.cleared as RNAV RWY22 approach.

✈ RNAV(GNSS) is an RNP approachRNAV(GNSS) is an RNP approach

✈ RNAV(RNP) is an RNP-AR approachRNAV(RNP) is an RNP-AR approach

✈ Letters in parenthesis are not said in clearanceLetters in parenthesis are not said in clearance

✈ RNAV(GNSS) RWY22 and RNAV(RNP)RWY22 are both RNAV(GNSS) RWY22 and RNAV(RNP)RWY22 are both cleared as RNAV RWY22 approach.cleared as RNAV RWY22 approach.

4242

RNAV (GNSS and RNP)RNAV (GNSS and RNP)RNAV (GNSS and RNP)RNAV (GNSS and RNP)

• State Letter State Letter SP 65/4-13/24 effective 13 NOV 2014SP 65/4-13/24 effective 13 NOV 2014• A one-step eight-year transition period, starting 13 November 2014, is A one-step eight-year transition period, starting 13 November 2014, is

being proposed to allow States sufficient time to develop a transition plan being proposed to allow States sufficient time to develop a transition plan

and to convert the existing RNAV approach procedures to RNP by 2022.and to convert the existing RNAV approach procedures to RNP by 2022.• ICAO will issue a new circular (Circ 336 — Circular on Conversion of ICAO will issue a new circular (Circ 336 — Circular on Conversion of

RNAV to RNP Approach Chart Depiction)RNAV to RNP Approach Chart Depiction)• From 1 December 2022: From 1 December 2022:

• charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP APCH navigation charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP APCH navigation

specification criteria shall include the term RNP in the identification specification criteria shall include the term RNP in the identification

(e.g. (e.g. RNP RWY 23RNP RWY 23).).• charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP AR APCH navigation charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP AR APCH navigation

specification shall include the term RNP in the identification with a specification shall include the term RNP in the identification with a

parenthetical suffix (AR). (e.gparenthetical suffix (AR). (e.g. RNP RWY 23 (AR). RNP RWY 23 (AR)).).

• State Letter State Letter SP 65/4-13/24 effective 13 NOV 2014SP 65/4-13/24 effective 13 NOV 2014• A one-step eight-year transition period, starting 13 November 2014, is A one-step eight-year transition period, starting 13 November 2014, is

being proposed to allow States sufficient time to develop a transition plan being proposed to allow States sufficient time to develop a transition plan

and to convert the existing RNAV approach procedures to RNP by 2022.and to convert the existing RNAV approach procedures to RNP by 2022.• ICAO will issue a new circular (Circ 336 — Circular on Conversion of ICAO will issue a new circular (Circ 336 — Circular on Conversion of

RNAV to RNP Approach Chart Depiction)RNAV to RNP Approach Chart Depiction)• From 1 December 2022: From 1 December 2022:

• charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP APCH navigation charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP APCH navigation

specification criteria shall include the term RNP in the identification specification criteria shall include the term RNP in the identification

(e.g. (e.g. RNP RWY 23RNP RWY 23).).• charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP AR APCH navigation charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP AR APCH navigation

specification shall include the term RNP in the identification with a specification shall include the term RNP in the identification with a

parenthetical suffix (AR). (e.gparenthetical suffix (AR). (e.g. RNP RWY 23 (AR). RNP RWY 23 (AR)).).

4343

ReminderReminder Steps so far! Steps so far!

ReminderReminder Steps so far! Steps so far!

✈ What is the Intended Purpose – What is the Intended Purpose – as per Airspace Conceptas per Airspace Concept✈ Which Operators and Aircraft Types – Which Operators and Aircraft Types – as per traffic sample as per traffic sample

(assumptions)(assumptions)✈ What is the Navaid Coverage – What is the Navaid Coverage – as per infrastructure as per infrastructure

assumptionsassumptions✈ What are the Environment Constraints – What are the Environment Constraints – determined by determined by

Airspace Design TeamAirspace Design Team✈ What other Constraints, incl. obstacles?What other Constraints, incl. obstacles?✈ Design the ProcedureDesign the Procedure

✈ What is the Intended Purpose – What is the Intended Purpose – as per Airspace Conceptas per Airspace Concept✈ Which Operators and Aircraft Types – Which Operators and Aircraft Types – as per traffic sample as per traffic sample

(assumptions)(assumptions)✈ What is the Navaid Coverage – What is the Navaid Coverage – as per infrastructure as per infrastructure

assumptionsassumptions✈ What are the Environment Constraints – What are the Environment Constraints – determined by determined by

Airspace Design TeamAirspace Design Team✈ What other Constraints, incl. obstacles?What other Constraints, incl. obstacles?✈ Design the ProcedureDesign the Procedure

4444

Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You

4545

Documents

Procedure Design Considerations