Problem Solving Workgroup

Gems – The Past – System

• Scientific method - Bacon• Applied behavior analysis

– Group• Scientific method - Bacon• Behavioral consultation – Carnine, Witt, Noell• Mainstream assistance teams – Fuchs• Instructional consultation – Rosenfield• Applied behavior analysis•

– Individual• Scientific method - Bacon• Behavioral consultation – Carnine, Witt, Noell, Erchul • Data-based program modification – Deno & Mirkin• Applied behavior analysis• Diagnostic analysis – Fuchs, Hosp• IDEAL – Bransford & Stein 1984• CBE – Howell• CBA – Tucker, Gickling

Cutting-Edge Research– System

• Student support teams• Fidelity of problem solving implementation – Burns• PLCs – Dufours• Cost-benefit analysis - Vanderheyden & Tilly

– Group• Sheppard, McCown leadership work• Classroom data-based decision making - Vanderheyden

– Individual• Item response/computerized scoring to identify instructional sequences

– Easy CBM approach – Tindal, Christ

• Brief experimental analysis – Daly and Martens• Experimental teaching – Deno et al.• Assessment for learning – Heritage, William, Stiggins, Wiggins,• Algorithm guided reading instruction - O’Connor

The Future

DOGMADOGMA

Cultivating a Culture of Evidence

Systems-Focused Agenda

• Given the identified past and present research, the major gaps are at the systems level. Consequently, the research agenda in this area should focus on systems-level research. These questions should then be replicated at the group and individual levels.

Future Research Agenda• What data and instruments result in reliable and valid decisions?• What are the characteristics of effective team-based problem solving (personnel, logistics,

purpose/questions, skills sets, roles)? What system of teaming results to the most effective problem solving?– What are the key components at each level to produce better outcomes at each level of

implementation?• What questions should teams be asking to drive the problem solving process?• What level of fidelity of the problem solving process is needed to ensure improved child

outcomes?– How do we best measure fidelity of problem solving?

• How will schools measure it?• Who measures it?

• What criteria should be used for system, group, and individual decisions to produce improved student outcomes?– What is the basis for different criteria and which are superior?– Which should be used to allocate resources at the different levels?

• How does the team select the best possible intervention?– What are good problem analysis/selection of intervention models for system and group?

Back to the Future for Problem Solving