Upload
tom-george
View
217
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
1/31
Problem solving andProblem solving and
decision makingdecision makingD K DasD K Das
Asstt. General Manager &Asstt. General Manager &FacultyFaculty
State Bank Staff College,State Bank Staff College,
HyderabadHyderabad
Version 03/ 08-09Version 03/ 08-09
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
2/31
Life is Difficult Thats the
Norm!"To put the world in order, we must first put the nation in order; to
put the nation in order, we must put the family in order; to put the
family in order, we must cultivate our personal life; and to cultivate
our personal life, we must first set our hearts right." Confucius
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
3/31
We should take intoWe should take intocognizance of the fact that..cognizance of the fact that..
No problem is ever totally solved.Every problem has a solution, butevery solution with it brings a new
problem. Some well-knownmanagement techniques emphasisthe idea of continuous improvement
and successful problem solving isseen as part of such continuousimprovement
Prof. jeff Malpas
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
4/31
What is a problem?What is a problem?
Problem is an opportunity forimprovement
Every problem has a gift for you in its
hands- Richard Bach A problem is the difference between the
actual state and desired state
A problem results from the recognition ofpresent imperfect and the belief in thepossibility of a better future
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
5/31
When confronted withWhen confronted withproblem, we are likely toproblem, we are likely toadopt ..adopt ..
Stop it, or
Mop it
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
6/31
What do we do in stop itWhat do we do in stop itapproach?approach?
A stop it approach seeks to solve aproblem, so that the problem nolonger exists. Its three forms are..
Prevent it
Eliminate it
Reduce it
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
7/31
What do we do in mop itWhat do we do in mop itapproach?approach?
A mop it approach focuses on theeffects of a problem
Treat it
Redirect it
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
8/31
Decision Making is the Process of
Thought and Action that results in choice of
Behaviours
Decision Making..
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
9/31
What it the good managementWhat it the good managementabout problem solving?about problem solving?
Willingness to adapt the situation
Recognise the ongoing and partialcharacter of all attempts to manageor to solve
Look around the world, keep askingWhy? and Why not?, and you willsoon see new opportunities
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
10/31
Key approach to problemKey approach to problemsolvingsolving
Rationale Problem- solving
Identify the problem
A precise and complete description of the
problemCauses of the problem
Identify the decision criteria
Rank the decision criteria in order ofimportance
Rate each alternative in each criteria
Compute the optimal decision
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
11/31
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
12/31
However, a few ideas ofHowever, a few ideas ofcreative problem solving..creative problem solving..
Objective findings- problem-brainstorming-list of objectives-goals
Fact finding
Solution finding
Acceptance finding
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
13/31
1. Identify
5. implement
6.evaluate
2. explore
3. Set goals
3.Look at
alternatives
4. select
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
14/31
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
15/31
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
16/31
Set goalsSet goals
Helps to clarify the direction to takein solving the problem; and
Gives them something definite tofocus on
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
17/31
Look at alternativesLook at alternatives
A creative and practical step
Mind mapping
Techniques
Analysis of past solutions/ reading
Researching
Thinking/ discussion/ askingquestionsbrainstorming
Viewing the problem with fresh eyes
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
18/31
Select the best solutionSelect the best solution
Priorities the solution by theireffectiveness slow process ofsolution
There may be possible suggestionsthat may be immediately eliminated
Narrow down the choices to one bestpossible solution which wil promisethe best or optimal outcomes
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
19/31
ImplementationImplementation
Crucial part of problem solving anddecision making process
Communication is must
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
20/31
So, the essentials are..So, the essentials are.. A clear description of the problem A description of limiting (or negative) factors/
constructive (or positive) involved in the problem A clear description of the scope of the problem
A clear description of the consequences of theproblem if not solved A list of brainstormed solutions A system of ranking the solution to finalise the
decision making
A clear description of myself as a problem solver Determination to follow through on the solution
decided upon jointly
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
21/31
Causes of poor problemCauses of poor problemsolving..solving..
Bounded Rationality
Limitation of the human mind
The structure within which the mindoperates
Satisficing i.e. identifying and
implementing a solution that is goodenough
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
22/31
Causes of poor problemCauses of poor problemsolving..solving..
Group thinks Some of the symptoms: Members Ignore obvious danger, take extreme
risk, are overly optimistic
Members discredit and explain away warningcontrary to group thinking Members believe their decisions are morally
correct, ignoring the ethical consequences of theirdecisions
Pressure for conformity Self censorship Member perceives that everyone agrees with the
groups decision, silence is seen as consent
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
23/31
Causes of poor problemCauses of poor problemsolving..solving..
Group shift:
Familiarisation => comfortable => boldand daring
Who will take the risksDiffuses responsibility
Fixation
Insufficiency of hypothesis Other obstacles like personal beliefs,
misunderstanding of information etc.
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
24/31
Group Decision Effectiveness
GroupDecision
Effect-
-iveness
Sum ofIndependent
Individual
Effort
(each person
contributes to
the sum total
ofknowledge
about
problem
Process Gains
(e.g., group
stimulatesindividual
motivation,
creativity,
and problemunderstanding
Process losses
(e.g., lost
time,
blocking roles,
communicatio
problems,group think)
+ _=
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
25/31
SOLVING THE
PROBLEM IS THE
GOALNOT
WINNING!
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
26/31
Th D i i M ki A d P bl
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
27/31
The Decision Making And Problem
Solving Process
Identify a
Problem
or a Goal
Make a
Choice
Implement
the Choice
Monitor,
Review,
Follow-up
Develop
Alternatives
Judge &
Evaluate
Alternatives
Decision Making
InformationSearch Judgment & Choice Implementation & Follow-up
PROBLEM SOLVING
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
28/31
Decision Making Styles
3. Intuitive
2. Autocratic3. Participating
4. Delegating
5. Using Groups
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
29/31
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
30/31
People will often delegate-or fail to
delegate-for all the wrong reasons. They
hold on to a task because they like doing it,
or want to do it, or are afraid of not doing it,
and they will pass down some task because
they find it distasteful or beneath them or
have rationalised that it is not the best use
of their time.
- Mark McCormak
Successful CEO and author ofWhat they dont teach you at
Harvard Business School
8/14/2019 Problem Solving and Decisiion Making BM HR
31/31