Probing coherence properties of X-rays radiation sources:the Heterodyne Near Field Speckle approach

Mirko SianoUniversity of Milan, Department of Physics

Supervisor: Marco PotenzaUniversity of Milan, Department of Physics

«PhD 1st year Workshop»

October 12th-13th, 2015

X-rays third generation sources

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

«…accelerated charges emitelectromagnetic radiation»?

X-rays third generation sources

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

Wigglers and undulators

«…accelerated charges emitelectromagnetic radiation»?

X-rays third generation sources

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

Free Electron Lasers (FELs)

ESRF (Grenoble)

SACLA (Stanford)

Wigglers and undulators

PETRA (Hamburg)

Synchrotrons

Elettra (Trieste)

«…accelerated charges emitelectromagnetic radiation»?

X-rays third generation sources

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

Free Electron Lasers (FELs)

ESRF (Grenoble)

SACLA (Stanford)

Wigglers and undulators

Laser Wake Field Acceleration

PETRA (Hamburg)

Synchrotrons

Elettra (Trieste)

«…accelerated charges emitelectromagnetic radiation»

[1]

[1] S. Corde et al., Femtosecond X-rays from laser-plasma accelerators, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 (2013)

?

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

X-ray imaging

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

[1] F. Pfeiffer et al.,Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources, Nature Phys. 2 (2006)

X-ray imagingX-ray phase contrast imaging

HMM, FIIIIIIISH !!!

[1]

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

X-ray diffraction

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

[1] I. Barke et al., The 3-D architecture of individual free silver nanoparticles captured by X-rayscattering, Nature Communications 6 (2015)

X-ray scattering

[1]

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

[1] S. Corde et al., Femtosecond X-rays from laser-plasma accelerators, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 (2013)

[1]

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

[1] S. Corde et al., Femtosecond X-rays from laser-plasma accelerators, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 (2013)

[1]

[1]

Why are X-rays so important?

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

ℏ𝝎𝒄 =𝟑

𝟐𝑲 𝜸𝟐

𝒉𝒄

𝝀𝒖= 𝟓. 𝟐𝟒 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟏𝜸𝟐 𝒏𝒆 𝒄𝒎−𝟑 𝒓𝜷 𝝁𝒎 [𝒆𝑽]

[1] S. Corde et al., Femtosecond X-rays from laser-plasma accelerators, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 (2013)

[1]

[1]

[1]

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

z

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

z

𝜃

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

z

𝜃

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

D

z

𝜃

d

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

D

z

𝜃 Λ ~𝜆

𝜃

𝑑 < ≪ Λ ~𝜆

𝜃𝑑𝑐𝑜ℎ ~

𝜆𝑧

𝐷

Van Cittert – Zernike theorem

d

z

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

z

Introduction on coherence

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

d

𝑑 < ≪ 𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ ~𝜆2

Δ𝜆

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟 𝑞 =4𝜋

𝜆sin

𝜗

2

𝜃

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟 𝑞 =4𝜋

𝜆sin

𝜗

2

𝜃

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟 𝑞 =4𝜋

𝜆sin

𝜗

2

𝜃

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟 𝑞 =4𝜋

𝜆sin

𝜗

2

𝜃

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

𝑞 =4𝜋

𝜆sin

𝜗

2

𝜃

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

ℱ𝒯

2

=

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑧𝐹 𝑞

𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑟

𝑟

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

𝑰 𝒒 ∝ 𝑻 𝒒 𝑪(𝒒)

𝑰 𝒒 ∝ 𝑻 𝒒 𝑪(𝒒) 𝟐

ℱ𝒯

2

=

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

Coherence with colloidal particles: speckle fields

𝜟𝒓 = 𝒛𝒒

𝒌

𝜟𝝉 =𝒛𝒒𝟐

𝟐𝒄𝒌𝟐

Heterodyne Near Field Speckles

X-ray spatial coherence measurements

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

[2] M. D. Alaimo et al., Mapping the transverse coherence of the self-amplified spontaneousemission of a free electron laser with the heterodyne speckle method, Opt. Express. 22 (24)(2014)

[1]

[1] M. D. Alaimo et al., Probing the transverse coherence of an undulator X-ray beam usingbrownian particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 194805(2009)

[2]

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

Light sourceCollimating lens

CCD

Pinhole

HNFS with polychromatic light

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

HNFS with polychromatic light

Spatial coherence factor

Light sourceCCD

Pinhole

Collimating lens

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

Spatial coherence factor

HNFS with polychromatic light

Temporal coherence factor

Light sourceCCD

Pinhole

Collimating lens

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

HNFS with polychromatic light

Emission spectrum

Spatial coherence factor

Light sourceCCD

Pinhole

Collimating lens

«PhD 1st year Workshop», October 12th-13th, 2015

HNFS with polychromatic light