President Calvin CoolidgePresident Calvin Coolidge

Background/Early LifeBackground/Early Life Calvin Coolidge was born on July 4, 1872

Plymouth Vermont. He was the son of a village store keeper.

Growing up, he helped his father’s business and hoped to be a merchant like his father.

The sadness of his sister and mother’s early death added to his reserved public image.

In Oct 4, 1905 he married Grace Anna Goodhue, an instructor for hearing-impaired students. The two met when Goodhue happened to look in a window where Coolidge was shaving in nothing but his underwear and a hat. Upon this sight she laughed loud enough for Coolidge to see.

His children consisted of John (born 1906) and Calvin (born 1908) Coolidge.

During 1924 Calvin died at the young age of sixteen due to an infected toe he had blistered during tennis. His son never would see past his campaign.

In 1895 graduated from Amherst College with Honors entering law and politics at Northampton, Massachusetts. There he would pass his bar examination in 1897.

He climbed up the political ladder as councilman in Northampton to Republican Governor of Massachusetts.

Political Rise to PresidencyPolitical Rise to Presidency

In 1896, Coolidge campaigned along with the Republican Party for Presidential Candidate, William McKinley.

In 1897, Coolidge was admitted to the bar, becoming a country lawyer.

In 1898, won City Council of Northampton. 1910-1911, Mayor of Northampton. 1915, Coolidge wins lieutenant governor. In 1918, Coolidge wins election for

Governor of Massachusetts.

1920, Vice President Elections. 1923, After the death of President Harding,

Coolidge succeeds the presidency.

PIRATESPIRATESPoliticalPolitical1923 – Coolidge takes the presidency after 1923 – Coolidge takes the presidency after Harding’s death; 1924 – Coolidge is elected to a Harding’s death; 1924 – Coolidge is elected to a second term, defeating Democratic nominee second term, defeating Democratic nominee John W. Davis and Progressive nominee Robert John W. Davis and Progressive nominee Robert M. La Follette; US troops evacuate Dominican M. La Follette; US troops evacuate Dominican Republic; 1926 – US resolution to join World Republic; 1926 – US resolution to join World Court not accepted; Coolidge sends troops to Court not accepted; Coolidge sends troops to Nicaragua; 1928 – Stalin becomes dictator in Nicaragua; 1928 – Stalin becomes dictator in Soviet Union; 1928-29 – Kellogg-Briand Pact Soviet Union; 1928-29 – Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawing waroutlawing war

IntellectualIntellectual1923 – National Women’s Party campaign for 1923 – National Women’s Party campaign for constitutional Equal Rights Amendment; 1925 – constitutional Equal Rights Amendment; 1925 – Scopes trial vs. Butler Act (teaching evolution in Scopes trial vs. Butler Act (teaching evolution in public schools)public schools)

ReligionReligionCatholic discrimination and prejudice due to Ku Catholic discrimination and prejudice due to Ku Klux Klan and WASPKlux Klan and WASP

Arts/CultureArts/CultureHarlem Renaissance; 1925 - Harlem Renaissance; 1925 - The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald; by F. Scott Fitzgerald; An American TragedyAn American Tragedy by  by Theodore Dreiser; 1926 - Theodore Dreiser; 1926 - The Weary BluesThe Weary Blues by by Langston Hughes; Langston Hughes; The Sun Also RisesThe Sun Also Rises by Ernest by Ernest Hemingway; 1927 – First movie with sound: Hemingway; 1927 – First movie with sound: The The Jazz SingerJazz Singer; 1929 - ; 1929 - The Sound and the FuryThe Sound and the Fury by by William Faulkner William Faulkner A Farewell to ArmsA Farewell to Arms by Ernest by Ernest HemingwayHemingway

PIRATESPIRATESTechnologyTechnologyIndustry growth; 1925 – Florida real estate Industry growth; 1925 – Florida real estate boom in Miami; 1927 – Lindbergh’s first flight boom in Miami; 1927 – Lindbergh’s first flight across the Atlantic Ocean; 1928 – Use of the across the Atlantic Ocean; 1928 – Use of the radio for presidential campaignsradio for presidential campaigns

Economy/EnvironmentalEconomy/EnvironmentalCoolidge and Sec. of the Treasury Mellon Coolidge and Sec. of the Treasury Mellon reduced income and estate taxes & reduced reduced income and estate taxes & reduced national debt by $1 each year; Growth of big national debt by $1 each year; Growth of big businesses; Unemployment rates between businesses; Unemployment rates between 1.5-2 million; 1923 – Earthquake in Tokyo; 1.5-2 million; 1923 – Earthquake in Tokyo; 1924 – Dawes plan for international finance 1924 – Dawes plan for international finance with European nations; 1927 – Great with European nations; 1927 – Great Mississippi Flood; Coolidge vetoes the Mississippi Flood; Coolidge vetoes the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief BillMcNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill

SocialSocialHigher standard of living and shorter work Higher standard of living and shorter work week; Work benefits such as cafeteria, week; Work benefits such as cafeteria, healthcare, paid vacations; New Ku Klux Klan healthcare, paid vacations; New Ku Klux Klan and pro-White Anglo-Saxon Protestant and pro-White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) lost influence during Coolidge’s term; (WASP) lost influence during Coolidge’s term; Gang wars in Chicago; alcohol bootlegging, Gang wars in Chicago; alcohol bootlegging, prostitution, narcotics, gambling; 1924 – prostitution, narcotics, gambling; 1924 – Immigration act; 1929 – Capone’s Valentine’s Immigration act; 1929 – Capone’s Valentine’s Day MassacreDay Massacre

Domestic Policy Issues Domestic Policy Issues Coolidge was a president that went

with the ideals of laissez-faire. He did not do much to change how the nation ran. Instead, he made sure that the nation would stay on the track that they were on.

When Harding died, one of the first things that Coolidge did was fix the scandals that ran in government at the time. Examples are: The Teapot Dome Scandal and The Elk Hills Scandal.

But, he did advocate more cuts in federal taxation and spending, maintained a high protective tariff, and realigned policy to favor business.

He did block the McNary- Haugen scheme, which called for a federal farm board to purchase surplus farm production at pre-World War 1 prices.

Foreign Policy Issues At this time around, the United States still refused to

participate in the formation on the “League of Nations” AKA The United Nations for many reasons. And although Coolidge and his secretary of state sided with joining, the others powers of government did not allow it.

Coolidge also tried and tried again to maintain a healthy relationship with Japan. But, the relationship did not last long for our reputation with the Japanese were once again tainted when Congress reduced the Immigration Quota for Japanese immigrants in the Immigration Act of 1924.

Also at this time, the USA, was trying to aid in the passing of the Kellogg- Briand Treaty in order to prevent another world war. But, even though it passed, nobody was there to enforce it.

Like we previously mentioned, he constantly worked with his secretary of state, Charles Evans Hughes, in foreign issues such as, the reconstruction of German reparations in the Dawes Plan and the Stimson accords for pacifying Nicaragua.

At this time, our biggest concern with out next door neighbor, Mexico, was not so much immigration, but rather oil. With Mexico under new presidency, their government rules that the United States does not owe any of the oil fields that they have been investing in. But later on, it is ruled that the oil fields owned before 1917 by the US are property of the US’s.

Quote Much?Quote Much?

““All growth All growth depends upon depends upon

activity. There is activity. There is no development no development

physically or physically or intellectually intellectually

without effort, without effort, and effort means and effort means

work.”work.”- President Calvin - President Calvin

CoolidgeCoolidge

““Don't expect to Don't expect to build up the weak build up the weak by pulling down by pulling down

the strong.”the strong.”

- President Calvin - President Calvin CoolidgeCoolidge

““If you don't say If you don't say anything, you anything, you

won't be called won't be called on to repeat it.”on to repeat it.”

- President Calvin - President Calvin CoolidgeCoolidge

Success Vs. FailuresSuccess Vs. Failures

SuccessSuccess Selected to become a member of Selected to become a member of

the Republican City Committeethe Republican City Committee Won election for mayor of Won election for mayor of

NorthamptonNorthampton Coolidge was selected to be the Coolidge was selected to be the

“Bread and Roses” chairman“Bread and Roses” chairman Railroad Committee chairmanRailroad Committee chairman Coolidge wins the 1915 elections Coolidge wins the 1915 elections

for Lieutenant Governorfor Lieutenant Governor Coolidge nominated for Governor of Coolidge nominated for Governor of

MassachusettsMassachusetts Nominated for Vice PresidentNominated for Vice President After Harding’s death Coolidge After Harding’s death Coolidge

succeeds Presidencysucceeds Presidency Wins 1924 ElectionsWins 1924 Elections

FailuresFailures By 1908, still did not make By 1908, still did not make

one of the leaders in the one of the leaders in the legislatorlegislator

Loses friends among Loses friends among organization labororganization labor

Placed sixth in the Placed sixth in the Presidential ElectionsPresidential Elections

Did not stand out in Did not stand out in President Harding’s President Harding’s CabinetCabinet

One WordOne WordPassivePassive

President Coolidge was always known as “Silent President Coolidge was always known as “Silent Cal” due to his tendency to speak very few Cal” due to his tendency to speak very few words, if any. Throughout his presidential career, words, if any. Throughout his presidential career, he allowed industry and the treasury to develop he allowed industry and the treasury to develop itself with his laissez-faire ideology. Besides his itself with his laissez-faire ideology. Besides his part in speaking for the civil rights of Catholics part in speaking for the civil rights of Catholics and African Americans, Coolidge only acted and African Americans, Coolidge only acted when necessary. He did not actively seek for bills when necessary. He did not actively seek for bills to be passed or search for a war. He was not to be passed or search for a war. He was not interested in immediate action for the Great interested in immediate action for the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, nor did he show much Mississippi Flood of 1927, nor did he show much interest in foreign affairs. At the end of his interest in foreign affairs. At the end of his political career, Coolidge remained quiet about political career, Coolidge remained quiet about politics and left office with no intent to return.politics and left office with no intent to return.

Thoughts about his PresidencyThoughts about his Presidency Despite his popularity as during his term in office, the Despite his popularity as during his term in office, the

Great Depression that started less than a year after Great Depression that started less than a year after he left office drastically changed his public opinion he left office drastically changed his public opinion about his particular polices. about his particular polices.

His passive policy stance essentially set up the fall for His passive policy stance essentially set up the fall for the country. the country.

His refusal to aid agriculture left five thousand rural His refusal to aid agriculture left five thousand rural bands in the Midwest and South towards bankruptcy, bands in the Midwest and South towards bankruptcy, leaving farmers to lose land. leaving farmers to lose land.

His tax cuts seriously favored the rich. By 1929 only a His tax cuts seriously favored the rich. By 1929 only a fifth of the population controlled nearly 60 percent of fifth of the population controlled nearly 60 percent of the nations wealth. the nations wealth.

This left seventy percent of the population making This left seventy percent of the population making earnings that of near or the poverty line for a family of earnings that of near or the poverty line for a family of four.four.

Moreover eighty percent of the nation left the nation Moreover eighty percent of the nation left the nation in serious debt due to purchasing goods on “easy in serious debt due to purchasing goods on “easy installments”. installments”.

There was also great trouble with his support for giant There was also great trouble with his support for giant corporations. Since they own about fifty percent of the corporations. Since they own about fifty percent of the nation’s wealth their prices were hardly ever lowered nation’s wealth their prices were hardly ever lowered because they had no competition. because they had no competition.

This was especially troublesome when upper-class This was especially troublesome when upper-class and high middle class families purchased stocks than and high middle class families purchased stocks than into savings of fruitful companies. into savings of fruitful companies.

Although he regained his public image in 1980’s with Although he regained his public image in 1980’s with his conservative movements, his Presidency in short his conservative movements, his Presidency in short was everything less than successful. was everything less than successful.

Team MembersTeam MembersMoses Bernabeo Lianne Laguitan

Alexandria Hatfield

Ticia FranciscoPeriod 5

SourcesSourceshttp://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/calvincoolidge

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