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Presenter: Shu-Ping Chuang ( 莊舒萍 )
Rung-Fu Chung ( 鍾榮富 )
Date: May 18th ,2013
Applied English Department of STUST
OUTLINE Introduction Literature Review Research Methods - Data collection & analysis
Results - Intonation properties and meanings
- Students' Outcomes
Discussion and conclusion - Pragmatics and intonations
- Perceptive knowledge and productive performance
- Implications and suggestions112/04/19Pragmatic functions reflected in intonation variation by Chuang, S.P.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Introduction Motivation Research Qs
Introduction (1)-Motivation
Aim: to explore the meanings beyond the basic greeting utterances how are you in the basis of various intonation patterns.
Motivation: (1) pedagogical perspective:
do not take pragmatic and intonation knowledge into consideration
(2) academic perspective : sparse researchers concentrated on
the pragmatic meanings behind the intonation properties.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Introduction (2)-Research Questions
(1) What intonation properties can help generalize the pragmatic distinction in greeting expression?
(2) To what extent do the 5-year-college students' perceptive knowledge differ from productive performance about intonations difference?
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Literature Review
Intonation & pragmatics Wh-question
Intonation meanings
Literature Review (1)-intonation & pragmatics
Example: Did you finish those PPT
slides? A: Sort of. (narrower pitch
range) B: Sort of. (higher pitch
range) (Adapted from
Hirschberg, 2004, p.234)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Literature Review (2)—intonation
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Literature Review (3)— wh-question
Wh-question generally belongs to rising-falling pattern (Celce-Murcia, et al., 2010; Prator & Robinett 1985).
Hirschberg (2004): H*L-L% pattern
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Literature Review (4)— Intonation Meanings
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Research Methods Data collection
Software & materialsInstrument
Research Methods (3-1)Data Collection
Participants
Numbers 52 (31 students were chosen for recording)
Education 5-year-system college (2nd grade)
Gender 5 males; 47 females
First Language
Mandarin or Southern Min
Learning Experience
At least 1 year pronunciation course in that school 112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Utterances 31 (19 films)
14 (9 books)
Research Methods (3-2-1)Software
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Film corpus– Good Go
Research Methods (3-2-2) Software
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Praat Software: supports spectral, pitch, formant, intensity analysis, excitation patterns, and so forth.
Research Methods (3-2-3) Software
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
The Script of Praat (Huang, 2005)
It can measure formant, pitch and VOT value.
Research Methods (3-3-1)Instrument: productive
recording
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Place: computer lab with headphones and
microphones. Procedure: Read the greeting written on
the board before conducting perceptive task
Samples: Among 31 recordings, 27 were adopted due to voice volume and quality.
Research Methods (3-4-1)Instrument: perceptive
checklist
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
1. The intonation contours which were used for uttering.
Research Methods (3-4-2)Instrument: perceptive
checklist
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
2. Audio files: set (1) - unmarked intonations (2) - marked intonations
Results
- RQ1: Intonation Patterns and Meanings
- RQ 2: Students’ Outcomes
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
RQ1:Intonation Patterns & Meanings
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
RQ1:Intonation Patterns & Meanings
Example (1)
Steve: Knock knock! A: Steve! How are you? Steve: I’m good, real good.
Virginia, nice to see you.
Bridget: Well, hi (high voice),
Steve. (Extracted from Forces of Nature, 23:55- 24:14)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Attitudinal: surprise
RQ1:Intonation Patterns & Meanings
Example (2)
Dr. Young: Hello, Ms. West.
How are you today?
Ms. West: Not so good.
Dr. Young: So, what's wrong,
exactly?
Ms. West: I'm exhausted!
(Extracted from Richards & Gordon, 2005, p.81)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Indexical: higher social status
RQ1:Intonation Patterns & Meanings
Example (3)
Jim: I can't believe those two girls, Kevin.Kevin: Jim, it's not a big deal.Jim: They toyed with my emotions.Man: Hello. Hello. (to girls)Jim: See. There are other girls. Man: How are you? (to girls)Kevin: You got nothing to
worry about man.Jim: Jessica's here with Vicky.
And Vicky got hot. What's that supposed to mean? Look at her.
Kevin: Yeah, Jim. I see her.Jim: Hey, Kevin, I'll be right back . (Extracted from Apple Pie
2, 11:26- 11:58) 112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Discourse: accosting
RQ 1:Intonation Patterns & MeaningsSummary
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
passion, surprise, enthusiasm
Surprise, formality, seriousness, higher social status or politeness
RQ 2: Students' Outcomes (1)
Students' cognition of intonation
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
RQ 2: Students' Outcomes (2)
Students' perception of intonation patterns
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
common
uncommon
RQ 2: Students' Outcomes (3)
Students' production of intonation patterns
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
common
uncommon
RQ 2: Students' Outcomes (4)
Students' perception & production of intonation patterns
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
RQ 2: Students' Outcomes (5)
Ni Hao Ma (How are you)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Conclusion- Discussion
- Implications &Suggestions for further study
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Conclusion (5-1)- Discussion
Pragmatics and intonations
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Conclusion (5-2)- DiscussionPerceptive & productive
knowledge Perception ≠ Production Lack of prosody instruction difficult to conjoin what students see,
what students hear, and what students
produce. serious communication
breakdown, and inter-/cross-cultural misunderstanding.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Conclusion (5-3)- Implication 1. Instruction time limitation:
unmarked: young learners; marked: adults writers should write more pragmatic and
intonation patterns for adult learners 2. There are more pragmatic meanings and
intonation patterns in textbooks than expected, but teachers and writers do not mention them.
online resources and films are recommended 3. There is a big gap between students' perceptive
and productive knowledge. offer opportunities for students to speak out.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Conclusion (5-4)- Suggestions
1. Interview English native speakers to check the pragmatics & intonations 2. Intonation functions can be classified from
pitch movement, pause, boundary and length of the utterances.
3. Action research (pragmatics & intonation courses )
whether Ss could interpret or produce the meanings with different intonations
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Research Methods (3-6-1)Data Analysis: pragmatics
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
(a) attitudinal (b) indexical (c) discourse
Research Methods (3-6-2)Data Analysis: intonations
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Data Analysis: intonations
Slope
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Data Analysis: intonations
shift / slide (1)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Prator & Robinett (1985)
Data Analysis: intonations
shift / slide (2)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
For simple sentences such as how are you, the focus is mainly on the be-verb (Wells, 2006).
When the interlocutor responds to the question by repeating the same sentence, the tonic normally changes (Wells, 2006).
Data Analysis: intonations
shift / slide (3)
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Greeting back (slide)
Normal greeting (shift)
Data Analysis: intonations
special situation
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Data Analysis: intonations
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Data Analysis: intonations
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Research Methods (3-6-3)Data Analysis: Markedness
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Conclusion (1-1)- SummaryRQ1
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
Do greeting expressions mean differently in different pragmatic contexts? 1. How are you
(1) Attitudinal: politeness, passion, shyness and surprise
(2) Indexical: higher social status, meeting at the first time, friends have not seen for ages, or close relationship
(3) Discourse: normal greetings, saying hi, accosting, asking the progress, and asking for a reply
Conclusion (1-2)- SummaryRQ2
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
What intonation properties of intonation patterns can be generalized with pragmatic meanings?1. How are you
(1)Rising tail: enthusiasm (e.g., surprise, passion, accosting or happiness)
(2) Falling tail: formality, seriousness or politeness
(e.g., higher social status) (3) Level: speakers have good relationship .
Conclusion (1-3)- SummaryRQ3
112/04/19INTONATION OF GREETINGS: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE by Chuang, S.P.
To what extent do the college students' productive and perceptive knowledge about pragmatic meanings and intonations differ from textbooks and films? 1. How are you
(1) Pragmatics: unmarked = normal greetings marked = ask the
progress ※ the rest are
inconsistent(2) Intonations: unmarked = rising-falling tone ※ the rest are
inconsistent(3) Perception ≠ production