Presented By:-Amit Kapoor

MCA Deptt.MAIMT

Contents

Introduction to AnimationIntroduction to Animation

Why Do We See Images As Moving ?Why Do We See Images As Moving ?

Effects On Picture During AnimationEffects On Picture During Animation

Categories Of AnimationCategories Of Animation

Animation FunctionsAnimation Functions

Animation TechniquesAnimation Techniques

Uses Of AnimationUses Of Animation

Animation Software'sAnimation Software's

Animation File FormatsAnimation File Formats

Introduction to Animation

The word “animation” derives from “animate,” which

means “to bring to life”.

Thus when a multimedia developer wants to bring an

Image to life, animation is used.

“Animation is the process resulting time-varying

visual effects of motion, shape, color and so on.”

Why Do We See Images As Moving ?Why Do We See Images As Moving ?

The Persistence of Vision Theory

Our brain holds onto an image for a fraction of a second after the image has passed. If the eye sees a series of still images very quickly one picture after another, then the images will appear to move because our eyes cannot deal with fast-moving images.

Effects On Picture During AnimationEffects On Picture During Animation

In Animation, you get moving images when the

pictures change in some way. Here are some ways

in which pictures can change :-

Change in Size

Change in Position

Change in Angle

Change in Color

Change of Shape

Categories Of AnimationCategories Of Animation

Animation deals with graphics drawn by hand or by animation

software. Depending upon the techniques used to create and

manage the frame. There are two broad categories of

animation :-

1. Cell Animation

2. Computer Animation :-

a) Computer Assisted (two-dimensional) animation

b) Computer Generated (three dimensional ) animation

Animation FunctionsAnimation Functions

ZoomingZooming

Tilting Tilting

PanningPanning

TweeningTweening

MorphingMorphing

Zooming

If we fix the window on an object but reduce or increase its size, the object would appear bigger (zoom in) or smaller (zoom out), respectively.

Tilt (camera)

Tilting is a technique in which the camera is stationary and rotates in a vertical plane (or tilting plane). Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone nodding their head "yes" or to an aircraft performing a pitch rotation.

pitch rotation.

yaw rotation

A rotation in a horizontal plane is known as panning (yaw rotation). Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone nodding their head “no" or to an aircraft performing a yaw rotation.

Panning

Tweening

Traditional animation sequence is created by two types of artists :-1. the lead artists or experts who draw those frames where major changes take place within the sequence, called key frames.2. assistants draw a number of frames in between the frames, process is called tweening.

Morphing

Transformation of object shapes from one to another is called morphing.

Animation Techniques

There are four basic techniques used in animation. These are:-

1. Drawn Animation2. Cut-out Animation3. Model Animation4. Computer Animation

Drawn Animation

This covers any form where one drawing is replaced by another in a sequence. Each drawing is slightly different from one before.

Disadvantages:-It takes a very long time to film

from start to finish and is expensive needing many animators to complete the work.

Cut-out Animation

This covers any form where cut-out shapes are moved around or replaced by other cut-out. Flat objects like buttons, matchsticks and string can also be used in this form of animation.

Disadvantages:-It is difficult to have more than one

or two cut-outs moving at the same time.

Model Animation

This involves the filming of puppets or any form of three-dimensional models.

Disadvantages:-This type of animation needs

a lot of time and hard work. The makers of ‘James and the Giant Peach’ were only able to complete 45 seconds of model animation a week, 10 seconds a day. This was because each puppet had so many joint.

Computer Animation

This refers to drawing of three dimensional models and sets on the computer. Images can be scanned into the computer using digital photography or made within the computer itself.

11 Basic Principle of Animation

1. Squash and stretch2. Anticipation3. Staging4. Straight ahead action and pose to pose5. Follow through and overlapping action6. Slow in and slow out7. Arcs8. Secondary action9. Timing10. Exaggeration11. Appeal

1. Squash and Stretch

Defining the rigidity and mass of an object by distorting its shape during an action

2. Anticipation

Preparation for an action

Example:

Goofy prepares to hit a baseball.

3. Staging

Presenting an idea so that it is unmistakably clear

4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose-to-Pose Action

1. Straight AheadAnimator start from first drawing in the scene and draw all subsequent frames until the end of scene.

2. Pose-to-Pose

Animator plans actions, draws a sequence of poses, in between frames etc.

5. Follow Through and Overlapping Action

Example: Luxo Jr.’s hop with overlapping action on chord.

The termination of an action and establishing its relationship to the next action

6. Slow in and Out

7. Arcs

• Visual path of action for natural movement.• Makes animation much smoother and less

stiff than a straight line.

8. Secondary Action

Example:Body movement is the primary action, facial expression is the secondary action

The action of an object resulting from another action

9. Timing and Motion

Examples:1. Timing: tiny characters move quicker than larger ones.

2. Motion: can define weights of objects.

10. Exaggeration

Example: Luxo Jr. made smaller to give idea of a child.

Accentuating the essence of an idea via the design and the action

11. Appeal

Creating a design or an action that the audience enjoys watching

Animation File Formats

Software File Format

Director .dir & .dcr

Animator Pro .fliStudio Max .maxSuperCard and Director .picsWindows Audio Video Interleaved .aviMacintosh .qt

& .movMotion Video .mpegCompuServe .gifFlash .swfShockwave .dcr

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