Presented by: Ahmad Tariq Kamal Rector, Khurasan Institute of Higher Education (KIHE), Jalalabad,...
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1 st Winter Summit at the Anatolian Summit (WISAS), Erzurum, Turkey February 23 – 26, 2012 Presented by: Ahmad Tariq Kamal Rector, Khurasan Institute of Higher Education (KIHE), Jalalabad, Afghanistan Effects of Global Changes on Higher Education – Isolation between Academic Institutions No Longer a Solution
Presented by: Ahmad Tariq Kamal Rector, Khurasan Institute of Higher Education (KIHE), Jalalabad, Afghanistan Date: February 24, 2012 Effects of Global
Presented by: Ahmad Tariq Kamal Rector, Khurasan Institute of
Higher Education (KIHE), Jalalabad, Afghanistan Date: February 24,
2012 Effects of Global Changes on Higher Education Isolation
between Academic Institutions No Longer a Solution
Slide 2
Unprecedented changes are transforming the lives of people in
the developed countries and most developing ones. Globalization
together with new information technology and the innovative
processes they foment are driving a revolution in every aspect
ranging from domestic affairs and living patterns to nations
international engagements. The rapid flow of capital today relies
on information, knowledge and communication in global markets.
Knowledge is essential to globalization because globalization
increases demand for education, more essentially in developing
countries like Afghanistan. Global changes in general, bring with
them numerous demands. Some of those demands in the arena of
education are internationalization of higher education and forging
academic partnerships. Effectively addressing these demands will
require world communities, more specifically, academic institutions
to work together and constructively shape the mind sets of younger
generations by teaching them the principles of tolerance,
co-existence and mutual understanding. The purpose of this paper is
to elaborate on how global changes have affected the higher
education sector, specifically in Afghanistan and what is that
international academic institutions can do to mitigate the effects
of global changes and address their demands. The prospects of a
prosperous world depend on how willing international institutions
are to forge partnerships and cooperate with each other. It also
depends on how institutions willing to work together are making
efforts to translate words into deeds and make sure the promises
made are the promises kept. Abstract:
Slide 3
Collaboration for Survival
Slide 4
1. Understanding the Effects of Global Changes on Higher
Education 2. Effects of Global Changes on Afghanistan Has
Afghanistan Benefited 3. Developments in Higher Education in
Afghanistan Since 2001 4. Globalization and Internationalization 5.
Global Efforts towards Internationalization 6. Opportunities,
Challenges and Risks in Internationalization 7. Recommendations 8.
Likely Outcomes from Close Collaboration between Academic
Institutions 9. The End Presentation Objectives
Slide 5
"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow- mindedness,
and many of our people need it solely on these accounts. Broad,
wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by
vegetating in one corner of the earth all one's lifetime." Mark
Twain Mark Twains View of an Informed World
Slide 6
Comprehending the changes is a difficult task because of the
scope and complexity 21 st century academic changes are extensive
they affect larger populations Institutions affected by
international trends always With the rise of English, importance of
global context modified ICT ensured universal instantaneous contact
Universities, knowledge, academics & students are intimately
linked to global knowledge economy Understanding the Global Changes
on Higher Education
Slide 7
International students mobility on the rise Universities coming
closer because of English and internet International conferences
like WISAS and others breaking barriers Universities no longer
operate in a vacuum or national context These changes have led to:
Better Employment Prospects Potential for Higher
InvestmentsSpecialized Work ForceHigher Economic Returns Increased
Productivity & Competitiveness Understanding the Global Changes
on Higher Education Contd
Slide 8
Generally, developments have revolutionized the world Most
countries have benefited Quality of life has improved Agriculture,
mining, transportation, industry, commerce, telecommunications, IT,
etc., have improved Afghanistan didnt benefit because of wars and
instabilities World was revolutionizing when Afghanistan was
suffering Effects of Global Changes on Afghanistan Has Afghanistan
Benefited?
Slide 9
New public and private universities established Currently,
Afghanistan has 26 public and 55 private HE institutions American
University of Afghanistan, Irans Islamic Azad University and others
like KIHE provide western style modern education School and
university enrollment and number of teachers have drastically
increased Developments in Higher Education in Afghanistan Since
2001
Slide 10
Increase in the No. of Public & Private Institutions
Slide 11
Slide 12
Increasing No. of Public Teachers
Slide 13
Currently, bachelors degrees are offered in: Management,
Finance, Administration, IT, Law and PoliticalScience, Medicine,
Economics, Journalism, Civil Engineering, Literature, etc.
Institutions have faculty from Pakistan, India, the US, Europe and
other different parts of the globe The approximate number of
foreign faculty in Afghanistan is 750 800 Developments in Higher
Education in Afghanistan Since 2001 Contd
Slide 14
Institutions are now forging academic partnerships with other
international institutions KIHE affiliated with DIU and IUC, is an
ESRUC member, signed a memorandum of agreement with the Ataturk
University and established its Office of International Affairs
(OIA) Presence of foreign faculty and the forging of academic
partnerships, an indication of Afghanistan opening its borders for
international collaboration Afghanistan s Progress in HE Contd
Slide 15
Increasing Foreign Faculty Internationa l Affiliations
Establishment of Foreign Universities Global Academic Partnerships
Afghanistan Opening Its Borders for International
Collaboration
Slide 16
Addressing the Demands of Globalization Coming out of the
National Context Willingness to Internationalize Addressing the
Demands of Globalization Realization among Afghan Academics and
Institutions
Slide 17
Tiny Corners of Hope Corners Where Hope Lies
Slide 18
Globalization: Broad economic, technological and scientific
trends that affect higher education Internationalization: Policies
and programs undertaken to deal with globalization
Internationalization includes: sending students to study abroad,
setting up branch campuses and engaging in inter-institutional
partnerships Globalization and Internationalization
Slide 19
Each local, national and regional context is unique several
broad trends can be identified globally Mobility of people,
programs and institutions Rising collaborative research, evolving
curricula and approaches to teaching and learning The mobility of
students has increased exponentially in the last decade UNESCO
estimates 2.8 million international students in 2007 An increase of
53% over 1.8 million figure in 2000 By 2025, the number will rise
to 7.2 million an increase of 188 percent These developments call
for further collaboration Key Manifestations of Globalization and
Internationalization
Slide 20
International Students Mobility - Statistics
Slide 21
International mobility has become a central issue in HE Plays a
vital role in internationalization policies in HE Affects a wide
range of other policies and practices in HE Programs like Erasmus,
Fulbright and others have been largely successful International
Students Mobility - Statistics
Slide 22
Internationalization has reached the national agenda in a wide
range of countries Qatar, Singapore and the UAE have taken dramatic
steps to promote internationalization These countries have taken
the following bold steps: 1. Recruiting foreign universities to
establish local campuses 2. Expanding access to local student
population 3. Financing higher education institutions Other
countries, like the UK, US, Australia and Canada have adjusted visa
and immigration requirements to attract foreign students These
countries have been motivated by improved international profile and
financial gains Global Efforts Towards Internationalization
Slide 23
Turkey too, is opening its borders now for international
students Turkey is playing an important role in organizing
conferences and festivals like (Bogazici, WISAS, etc.) These
efforts are an indication of Turkeys willingness to
internationalize Global Efforts Towards Internationalization
Slide 24
International students and their families contributed nearly $
15.5 billion to the US economy in 2007 2008 The worlds
international students represent an $ 80 billion industry Some
countries are now hosting hundreds of thousands of international
students from around the world Financial Gains from International
Students
Slide 25
Top Ten Destinations for International Students
Slide 26
Educational, political and cultural motivations have also
become relevant Countries pursuing agendas on capacity building
Agendas include cooperative activities in partnership with the
developing world Bologna process is drawing more than 40 countries
into a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) EHEA will achieve a
common, Europe-wide framework of understanding around HE and
lifelong learning EHEA will include intelligibility of degrees and
qualifications and high level of quality, attractiveness and
competitiveness Expansion of Internationalization
Slide 27
Similarly, the US Fulbright program introduced in 1946,
operates in over 155 countries and provides 8,000 grants annually
to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university learning
and classroom teaching So far, 302,000 individuals have
participated in this program contributing to the process of mutual
understanding between the US and the participating nations Average
no. of Fulbright scholarships for Afghan students is 30 35.
Internationalization Expansion
Slide 28
Some see internationalization as an opportunity for study and
research no longer limited by national boundaries, others see it as
an assault on national culture It is both. With 2.8 million
students, countless scholars and universities moving around
globally, there is a pressing need for international cooperation
and agreements At stake are issues of competitiveness and
relevance, requiring new kinds of strategic thinking and acting
with regard to international dimension Opportunities, Challenges
and Risks
Slide 29
Healthier consequence of globalization on HE to function
internationally has been the necessity for effective systems of
accountability, shared benchmarks and standards for ethics and
quality Students & scholars with foreign credentials can no
longer be penalized Benchmarks and standards are needed to evaluate
unfamiliar qualifications Opportunities, Challenges and Risks
Slide 30
Universities in developed nations should establish partnerships
with institutions in developing countries like Afghanistan to offer
academic programs, develop research projects and collaborate in a
variety of ways As centers of education, universities must adopt
expanded missions to improve contacts Educational exchange and
scholarship programs like, Fulbright, Erasmus, & Nuffic, etc.
have brought people closer and should continue with more emphasis
on scholarships for developing countries Establishment of
university branch campuses in another host country should be
encouraged IT and communication innovations required for capacity
building across borders and must continue Systems of
accountability, shared benchmarks and standards of quality and
ethics should be established Visa restrictions a major obstacle and
should be eased Internationalization should be promoted as a matter
of national policy Recommendations
Slide 31
More scientific advances created by more scientists Developed
and up-dated academic curriculums More rapid economic development A
more skilled labor force More educated citizens to create stable
democracies Improved international understanding Likely Outcomes of
Close Collaboration