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8/6/2019 Presentation on GIS
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SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-
Mrs. Rachna Jain Ajay MakvanaAmit Kumawat
Anveshak Pardhi
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A system for capturing, storing, checking,
integrating, manipulating, analysing and
displaying data which are spatially
referenced to the Earth. This is normallyconsidered to involve a spatially referenced
computer database and appropriate
applications software
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GIS handles SPATIAL information
Information referenced by its location in space
GIS makes connections between activities
based on spatial proximity
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DigitalDigital
MappingMapping
PhotoPhoto--
grammetrygrammetry
ComputerComputer
AidedAided
DesignDesign
SurveyingSurveying
RemoteRemote
SensingSensing
DatabasesDatabases
GISGIS
Cross-disciplinary nature of GIS
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PlacenamePlacenameGrid coGrid co--ordinateordinate
PostcodePostcode
Distance & bearingDistance & bearing
DescriptionDescription
Latitude / LongitudeLatitude / Longitude
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Geometry
The shape of a
building or county
The course of a
river, the route of a
roadThe shape of the
landscape, relief
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Socio-economic data
Regional health data
Consumer / lifestyle profiles
Geodemographics
Environmental data
Topographic data
Thematic data, soils, geology
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Data Modelling - step 1 Features
Buildings
Road centrelines
Lamp columns
Gas pipes
CTV Access covers
Road surfaces
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Point
Line
Polygon
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Feature: Building
Object: PolygonEntity: Tourist
Information
Bureau
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Vector model
Raster model
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point
1,6
2,5
5,4
4,1
7,105,9
4,7
6,6
8,6
9,8
line
polygon
2,2
5 10
5
10
as geometric objects:
points, lines, polygons
as image filescomposed of grid-cells
(pixels)
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Advantage of the vector data format: allows precise
representation of points, boundaries, and linear
features.
useful for analysis tasks that require accuratepositioning,
for defining spatial relationship between coverage
features (topology), important for such purposes as
network analysis.
Main disadvantage of vector data is that the boundaries
of the resulting map polygons are discrete (enclosed by
well-defined boundary lines), whereas in reality the
map polygons may represent continuous gradation or
gradual change, as in soil maps.
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Good for representing indistinct boundaries
thematic information on soil types, soil
moisture, vegetation, ground temperatures.
As reconnaissance satellites and aerial surveys
use raster-based scanners, the information (i.e;
scanned images) can be directly incorporatedinto GIS.
The higher the grid resolution, the larger the
data file is going to be
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1 1 20 50
1 2 24 45
1 3 52 55
2 1 0 45 46
40
...
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 2 2 0 1 ...
x
y
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Geo-relational Data Models
Linked tables based on the relational
model, but storing geographical
information such as:
Geometry
Topology
Attributes
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Better information management
Higher quality analysis
Improve project efficiency
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Facilities management
Marketing and retailing
Environmental
Transport/vehicle routing
Health
Insurance
and many more . . .
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GIS is frequently confused with GPS because it is amore generic acronym (Geographic InformationSystem) used to describe a more complex mappingtechnology that is connected to a particular
database.
Because its generic, it is a broader term than theGPS in its technical sense.
Thus, GIS is a computer program or application thatis utilized to view and handle data about geographiclocations and spatial correlations among others. Itsimply gives the user a framework to obtaininformation.
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