Presentation for

City of Brisbane

Final Peer Review Findings

November 7, 2005 (Revised May 10, 2006)

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

PurposePurpose Project OverviewProject Overview Summary of FindingsSummary of Findings Background and Regulatory FrameworkBackground and Regulatory Framework Objectives and Evaluation CriteriaObjectives and Evaluation Criteria FindingsFindings RecommendationsRecommendations DiscussionDiscussion

PurposePurpose

Update April 2005 workshopUpdate April 2005 workshop Supplemental dataSupplemental data

Refine findingsRefine findings Information to dateInformation to date

Update recommendationsUpdate recommendations

Project OverviewProject Overview

Baylands project areaBaylands project area Former Brisbane landfill Former Brisbane landfill Southern Pacific Railroad facilitySouthern Pacific Railroad facility

Phase 1 developmentPhase 1 development Former Brisbane landfillFormer Brisbane landfill

Future development phases Future development phases Southern Pacific Railroad facilitySouthern Pacific Railroad facility

Site MapSite Map

Modified from Workshop Presentation to the City of Brisbane, Brisbane Baylands, Subsurface Environmental Conditions by Universal Paragon Corporation and Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc., November 18, 2003.

Summary of Findings – LandfillSummary of Findings – Landfill

Evaluation category Assessment

Risk assessment• Human health• Ecological

• Evaluations incomplete• Final assessments pending

Limits of waste• Adequately defined, except for southern boundary• Agree with plan to extend landfill cap to edge of Guadalupe Channel

Landfill Settlement• Evaluation incomplete

• Future studies needed

Landfill gas• Concur majority of organic waste is decomposed• Recommend re-initiation of monitoring activities

Groundwater Quality • Adequately characterized.

Leachate • Seeps into surface and groundwater adequately characterized

Remedial approach

• Evaluation incomplete – dependent on approved development plan• Final closure plan not prepared but will address:

• Gas control system• Final cover and surface water control• Settlement• Human Health and Ecological assessments

Summary of Findings – OU-1Summary of Findings – OU-1

Evaluation category Assessment

Risk assessment• Human health• Ecological

• Evaluations incomplete• Final assessments pending

Groundwater

• Generally adequately characterized• Treatment system mitigates infiltration into Sunnydale Sewer• Additional information is needed for

• DNAPL source (residual or upgradient)• A-aquitard discontinuity/B-Aquifer contaminant mechanism

• RAP in DTSC review

Soil• Evaluation incomplete• DTSC request additional work –

• Site characterization• Remedial action workplan

Surface water• Adequately characterized

• Groundwater treatment system mitigates infiltration into Sunnydale Sewer

Soil vapor • Future studies likely needed based on final development plan

Remedial approach• Evaluation incomplete• Remedial action plans in review/preparation• Overall proposed approach consistent with industry practice• Final RAP dependent on approved development plan

Summary Findings – OU-2Summary Findings – OU-2

Evaluation category Assessment

Risk assessment• Human health• Ecological

• Evaluations incomplete• Final assessments pending

Soil & groundwater• Adequately characterized

Soil vapor

• Depending on final approved development plan, future studies may be required

Surface water• Adequately characterized

Remedial approach

• Interim approach consistent with industry practice• Soil vapor study may be required for potential vapor migration• Final RAP dependent on approved development plan

• Adoption of future RWQCB Site Cleanup Order

Background and Regulatory FrameworkBackground and Regulatory Framework

Brisbane LandfillBrisbane Landfill Former municipal landfill (1933-1967)Former municipal landfill (1933-1967) RWQCB and County of San Mateo Environmental RWQCB and County of San Mateo Environmental

Health Division (County)Health Division (County) Groundwater Operable Unit 1 (OU-1)Groundwater Operable Unit 1 (OU-1)

Former Southern Pacific Railroad Facility (1914-Former Southern Pacific Railroad Facility (1914-1960) and Schlage Lock Facility (1926-1999)1960) and Schlage Lock Facility (1926-1999)

California Department of Toxic Substances California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)Control (DTSC)

Groundwater Operable Unit 2 (OU-2)Groundwater Operable Unit 2 (OU-2) Former Southern Pacific Railroad Facility (1914-Former Southern Pacific Railroad Facility (1914-

1960)1960) RWQCBRWQCB

Objectives and Evaluation CriteriaObjectives and Evaluation Criteria

ObjectivesObjectives Provide independent technical reviewProvide independent technical review Serve as community advocateServe as community advocate Support the dissemination of project informationSupport the dissemination of project information

Evaluation CriteriaEvaluation Criteria Adequacy of environmental characterizationAdequacy of environmental characterization Appropriateness of remedial actionAppropriateness of remedial action Protective of public health and environmentProtective of public health and environment

Peer Review Role In Baylands Planning ProcessPeer Review Role In Baylands Planning Process

Findings – Brisbane Landfill Findings – Brisbane Landfill

Adequacy of Environmental CharacterizationAdequacy of Environmental Characterization Evaluation adequateEvaluation adequate

– Limits of waste, except for southern boundaryLimits of waste, except for southern boundary– Landfill gasLandfill gas– Groundwater qualityGroundwater quality– LeachateLeachate

Evaluation incompleteEvaluation incomplete– Landfill settlementLandfill settlement

Findings – Brisbane Landfill Cont.Findings – Brisbane Landfill Cont.

Appropriateness of Remedial ActionAppropriateness of Remedial Action Final remedial action plan not developedFinal remedial action plan not developed Primary issues associated with landfill closurePrimary issues associated with landfill closure

– Landfill gas generation and migrationLandfill gas generation and migration– Leachate generation and transport into groundwater Leachate generation and transport into groundwater

and surface waterand surface water– Settlement of the landfill surfaceSettlement of the landfill surface

Proposed concept is appropriateProposed concept is appropriate– Lacks sufficient detailLacks sufficient detail

Remedial Approach – Brisbane LandfillRemedial Approach – Brisbane Landfill

Findings – Brisbane Landfill Cont.Findings – Brisbane Landfill Cont.

Protective of Public Health and EnvironmentProtective of Public Health and Environment Overall concept appropriate – final evaluations Overall concept appropriate – final evaluations

not completenot complete Final closure plan - not preparedFinal closure plan - not prepared Final risk assessments - not preparedFinal risk assessments - not prepared

Human healthHuman health Primary concern Primary concern

– Landfill gasLandfill gas

Ecological Ecological Primary concern Primary concern

– Leachate seepsLeachate seeps

Findings – Operable Unit 1Findings – Operable Unit 1

Adequacy of Environmental CharacterizationAdequacy of Environmental Characterization Primary site contaminantsPrimary site contaminants

VOC’s, TPH as Bunker C, metalsVOC’s, TPH as Bunker C, metals Soil – Evaluation incompleteSoil – Evaluation incomplete

Additional investigation requested by DTSCAdditional investigation requested by DTSC Revised RAP in progressRevised RAP in progress

Groundwater – Generally characterizedGroundwater – Generally characterized Clarification needed for:Clarification needed for:

– A-zone aquitard continuity (‘windows’)A-zone aquitard continuity (‘windows’)– B-zone contamination sourceB-zone contamination source

Soil Vapor – Evaluation incompleteSoil Vapor – Evaluation incomplete Risk Assessments – Evaluation incomplete Risk Assessments – Evaluation incomplete

Pending final development planPending final development plan

Site Map – Operable Unit 1Site Map – Operable Unit 1

Stratigraphic TerminologyStratigraphic Terminology

PossibleGap

Simplified Conceptual Aquifer DevelopmentSimplified Conceptual Aquifer Development

West East

Findings – Operable Unit 1 Cont.Findings – Operable Unit 1 Cont.

Appropriateness of Remedial ActionAppropriateness of Remedial Action Remedial approachRemedial approach

Limited soil excavation at two locations (VOCs)Limited soil excavation at two locations (VOCs) Continued operation of groundwater treatment Continued operation of groundwater treatment

systemsystem– Add three extraction wells Add three extraction wells – Add two monitoring wellsAdd two monitoring wells

Soil capSoil cap Vapor barriers, as neededVapor barriers, as needed Engineering and Institutional ControlsEngineering and Institutional Controls

– Reduce/eliminate human health exposureReduce/eliminate human health exposure

Proposed Remedial Action – Operable Unit 1 Proposed Remedial Action – Operable Unit 1 (Profile)(Profile)

Proposed Remedial Action – OU-1 Proposed Remedial Action – OU-1 Commercial ScenarioCommercial Scenario

Legend

Proposed Area of Soil Removal

Proposed Additional GW Monitoring Well

Proposed Additional GW Extraction Well

Engineering Control – Indoor Inhalation

Engineering Control – Restrict Groundwater Use

Engineering Control – Outdoor Inhalation

Modified from Burns & McDonnell, Revised Groundwater RAP, Operable Unit 1, January 27, 2005.

Findings – Operable Unit 1 Cont.Findings – Operable Unit 1 Cont.

Protective of Public Health and EnvironmentProtective of Public Health and Environment Evaluation incompleteEvaluation incomplete

Site RAPs not completeSite RAPs not complete Final development plan pendingFinal development plan pending Proposed remedial concept – generally Proposed remedial concept – generally

acceptableacceptable Human healthHuman health

Final risk assessment pendingFinal risk assessment pending EcologicalEcological

Assessment not performed/identifiedAssessment not performed/identified Final risk assessment recommendedFinal risk assessment recommended

Findings – Operable Unit 2Findings – Operable Unit 2

Adequacy of Environmental CharacterizationAdequacy of Environmental Characterization Primary site contaminants: Primary site contaminants:

TPH as Bunker C, metals, VOCsTPH as Bunker C, metals, VOCs Soil and groundwater – adequately characterizedSoil and groundwater – adequately characterized Surface Water - adequately characterizedSurface Water - adequately characterized Soil Vapor – evaluation incompleteSoil Vapor – evaluation incomplete Risk Assessments – evaluation incompleteRisk Assessments – evaluation incomplete

Pending final development planPending final development plan

Findings – Operable Unit 2 Cont.Findings – Operable Unit 2 Cont.

Appropriateness of Remedial ActionAppropriateness of Remedial Action Remedial approach (interim)Remedial approach (interim)

Soil Cap - 7 to 10 feet clean soilSoil Cap - 7 to 10 feet clean soil– Leave in-place TPH and metals impacted soilsLeave in-place TPH and metals impacted soils– Limited VOC soil removal (Spring 2006)Limited VOC soil removal (Spring 2006)

Abandon existing north-south drainage channelAbandon existing north-south drainage channel– Replace with interim drainage channel (Spring 2006)Replace with interim drainage channel (Spring 2006)

Engineering and Institutional ControlsEngineering and Institutional Controls– Reduce/eliminate human exposureReduce/eliminate human exposure– Not defined/delineatedNot defined/delineated

Site Contaminants – Operable Units 1 and 2Site Contaminants – Operable Units 1 and 2

Proposed Remedial Action – Operable Unit 2Proposed Remedial Action – Operable Unit 2

Findings – Operable Unit 2 Cont.Findings – Operable Unit 2 Cont.

Protective of Public Health and EnvironmentProtective of Public Health and Environment Evaluation IncompleteEvaluation Incomplete

Interim RAP approved by RWQCBInterim RAP approved by RWQCB Final Site RAP pendingFinal Site RAP pending RWQCB Site Cleanup Order pendingRWQCB Site Cleanup Order pending

Human healthHuman health Proposed remedial concept – generally acceptableProposed remedial concept – generally acceptable

– Final risk assessment pendingFinal risk assessment pending– Evaluate for applicability to current standardsEvaluate for applicability to current standards– Soil vapor not evaluatedSoil vapor not evaluated

Ecological – acceptableEcological – acceptable Proposed concept addresses ecological riskProposed concept addresses ecological risk

– Based on SFIA valuesBased on SFIA values– Evaluate for applicability to current standardsEvaluate for applicability to current standards

Overall interim concept appropriate – final evaluation Overall interim concept appropriate – final evaluation not completenot complete

RecommendationsRecommendations

GeneralGeneral Subarea specificSubarea specific

Brisbane landfillBrisbane landfill OU-1OU-1 OU-2OU-2

Next stepsNext steps Note: not all steps required immediatelyNote: not all steps required immediately

Recommendations – GeneralRecommendations – General

Financial assuranceFinancial assurance Mechanism to manage long-term uncertainties Mechanism to manage long-term uncertainties

associated with maintenance of streets, utilities, associated with maintenance of streets, utilities, etcetc

Conceptual site model and remedial action planConceptual site model and remedial action plan Integrated development-based Baylands planIntegrated development-based Baylands plan Establish evaluation and remedial approachEstablish evaluation and remedial approach Develop early in project approval processDevelop early in project approval process

Continue evaluation of Baylands environmental Continue evaluation of Baylands environmental documents and plansdocuments and plans

Recommendations – Brisbane LandfillRecommendations – Brisbane Landfill

Risk assessmentRisk assessment Final human health assessmentFinal human health assessment Ecological assessmentEcological assessment

Landfill surface settlement evaluationLandfill surface settlement evaluation Settlement studies Settlement studies

Final cover design and constructionFinal cover design and construction Landfill coverLandfill cover

– Single, integrated unitSingle, integrated unit– Prevent surface water infiltration and minimize Prevent surface water infiltration and minimize

leachate seepsleachate seeps

Recommendations – Brisbane Landfill Cont.Recommendations – Brisbane Landfill Cont.

Landfill gas and monitoringLandfill gas and monitoring Vapor barriers & methane monitoringVapor barriers & methane monitoring Explosion proof construction – underground Explosion proof construction – underground

utilitiesutilities Groundwater monitoringGroundwater monitoring

Post-closure monitoring programPost-closure monitoring program Post-closure monitoring and maintenance plansPost-closure monitoring and maintenance plans

Recommendations – Operable Unit 1Recommendations – Operable Unit 1

Provide additional information to address:Provide additional information to address: Soil contamination – type and extentSoil contamination – type and extent GroundwaterGroundwater

– A-aquitard ‘windows’A-aquitard ‘windows’– DNAPL sourceDNAPL source– B-Sand aquifer – VOC sourceB-Sand aquifer – VOC source

Consider benefits of in-situ treatment Consider benefits of in-situ treatment technologiestechnologies Source reduction Source reduction Augment proposed final remedial approachAugment proposed final remedial approach

Human health and ecological riskHuman health and ecological risk Complete final assessmentsComplete final assessments

Recommendations – Operable Unit 2Recommendations – Operable Unit 2

Update soil remedial action planUpdate soil remedial action plan VOC soil vaporVOC soil vapor

Update soil management plan and residual risk Update soil management plan and residual risk management planmanagement plan

Consider in-situ bioremediation treatmentConsider in-situ bioremediation treatment Source reduction Source reduction Augment proposed final remedial approachAugment proposed final remedial approach

Human health and ecological riskHuman health and ecological risk Complete final assessmentsComplete final assessments

Recommendations – Operable Unit 2 Cont.Recommendations – Operable Unit 2 Cont.

Prepare monitoring plan for post well Prepare monitoring plan for post well abandonment and replacement planabandonment and replacement plan

Assess the brick-lined arch sewerAssess the brick-lined arch sewer Structural integrity for proposed tie-inStructural integrity for proposed tie-in

Evaluate long-term settlementEvaluate long-term settlement Final remedial approach consistent with future Final remedial approach consistent with future

RWQCB site cleanup orderRWQCB site cleanup order

Recommendations - Next StepsRecommendations - Next Steps

Develop integrated site conceptual model and Develop integrated site conceptual model and development-based Remedial Action Plandevelopment-based Remedial Action Plan

City meet with regulatory agencies to discuss City meet with regulatory agencies to discuss path forward with respect to future requirementspath forward with respect to future requirements

Review revised specific plan and development Review revised specific plan and development conceptconcept

Evaluate future environmental documents as Evaluate future environmental documents as deemed necessarydeemed necessary

Future Studies and SequencingFuture Studies and Sequencing

Landfill

OU-1

OU-2

Future Studies &Program Sequence

A Supplemental Data Review

B Prior to/concurrent with CEQA

C Required by CEQA

D Development Plan

E Post Development Plan

DiscussionDiscussion