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8/6/2019 Presentation - Day 01
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M. GuymonPleasant Grove High
Spring 2003
Types of Computers &
Computer Hardware
Computer Technology
Day 1
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Spring 2003
Basic Terminology
Computer
A device that accepts input,processes data, stores data,and produces output, allaccording to a series of
stored instructions.
Hardware
Includes the electronic andmechanical devices thatprocess the data; refers to
the computer as well asperipheral devices.
Software
A computer program thattells the computer how toperform particular tasks.
Network
Two or more computers andother devices that areconnected, for the purposeof sharing data andprograms.
Peripheral devices
Used to expand thecomputers input, output andstorage capabilities.
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Basic Terminology
Input Whatever is put into a computer system.
Data Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas.
Information
The results of the computer storing data as bits and bytes; the words,numbers, sounds, and graphics.
Output Consists of the processing results produced by a computer.
Processing Manipulation of the data in many ways.
Memory Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be
processed, stored, or output.
Storage Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is
not immediately needed for processing.
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Types of Computers
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Microcomputer
A personal computer;
designed to meet the
computer needs of an
individual. Provides access to a
wide variety of
computing applications,
such as word
processing, photoediting, e-mail, and
internet.
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Desktop Microcomputer
A microcomputer thatfits on a desk and runson power from anelectrical wall outlet.
The CPU can behoused in either avertical or a horizontalcase.
Has separatecomponents (keyboard,mouse, etc.) that areeach plugged into thecomputer.
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Laptop Computer
A portable, compactcomputer that can runon an electrical walloutlet or a battery unit.
All components(keyboard, mouse, etc.)are in one compact unit.
Usually more expensivethan a comparabledesktop.
Sometimes called aNotebook.
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Workstation
Powerful desktop computer designed for
specialized tasks.
Can tackle tasks that require a lot of
processing speed.
Can also be an ordinary personal computer
attached to a LAN (local area network).
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Supercomputer
A computer that was the fastest in the world
at the time it was constructed.
Can tackle tasks that would not be practical
for other computers.
Typical uses
Breaking codes
Modeling weather systems
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Mainframe
Large expensivecomputer capable ofsimultaneouslyprocessing data for
hundreds or thousandsof users.
Used to store, manage,and process largeamounts of data that
need to be reliable,secure, and centralized.
Usually housed in acloset sized cabinet.
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Server
Purpose is to serve.
A computer that has the
purpose of supplying its
users with data; usuallythrough the use of a
LAN (local area
network).
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Handheld
Also called a PDA (Personal
Digital Assistant).
A computer that fits into a
pocket, runs on batteries,
and is used while holding theunit in your hand.
Typically used as an
appointment book, address
book, calculator, and
notepad. Can be synchronized with a
personal microcomputer as a
backup.
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Computer Hardware
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System unit
Case that holds the power supply, storage devices,
and the circuit boards (including the motherboard).
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Where the processing in a computer takes place,
often called the brain of the computer.
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Input Devices
Units that gather information and transform
that information it into a series of electronic
signals for the computer.
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Keyboard
An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special
function keys that act as the primary input device to
the computer.
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Mouse
An input device that allows the user to manipulate
objects on the screen by moving the device along the
surface of a desk.
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Sound Card
A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to
accept audio input, play sound files, and produce
audio output through speakers or headphones.
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Modem
A device that sends and receives data to and from
computers over telephone lines.
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Output Devices
Devices that display, print, or transmit the
results of processing from the computers
memory.
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Storage Devices
Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off.
Different forms
Hard disk
Floppy or zip disks
CD-Writer
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Printer
Output device that produces text or graphical images
on paper.
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Speakers
Output devices that receive signals from thecomputers sound card to play music, narration, or
sound effects.
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Resource
Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer
Concepts. Boston: Course Technology -
Thompson Learning, 2002.