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The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
UNINTEGRAUNIVERSITY LEADING FULL AND STEPWISE APPROACH TO
THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES
TRAINING OF SOCIAL AGENTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES
Santiago de Compostela, 16th to 20th July 2018
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BLOCK I: LAWModules I and II
Lía Álvarez Fouz and Xabier Rodríguez Orosa
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MODULE I: Fundamentals of law and basic tools of the International
Refugee Protection System
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What is International Protection?The right to protection of people who havehad to leave their countries of origin fornon-economic reasons.“It is the one granted by a third country, toguarantee the protection of their basicrights and their physical security when thecountry of origin has been unable or doesnot show its disposition to protect suchrights.”
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
The Geneva Refugee Convention in 1951.
➢ It recognizes the right of persons to seekasylum from persecution in othercountries. A refugee may enjoy rightsand benefits in a state in addition tothose provided for in the Convention.
➢ The principle of non-refoulement
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
The New York Protocol of 1967
Modification of temporal and geographicallimits.
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Spanish Law 12/2009, of October 30, regulating the right of asylum and thesubsidiary protection.
Obligation to give asylum.
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Figures inside the International Protection?
➢ Refugee Statute➢ Subsidiary Protection Statute➢ Authorization to stay for
humanitarian reasons➢ Status of stateless person➢ Relocation➢ Resettlement
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Refugee Statute
A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to suchfear, is unwilling to avail himself of theprotection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of hisformer habitual residence as a result of suchevents, is unable or, owing to such fear, isunwilling to return to it.
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
Subsidiary Protection Statute
It is granted when the person requesting isat real risk of serious harm if returning to his/her country of origin.
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
Authorization to stay forhumanitarian reasons
The permanence of the applicant forinternational protection in Spain may be authorized in the terms provided by currentlegislation on foreign and immigrationmatters.
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
Status of stateless person
Someone who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law.
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Relocation
Transfer of persons requesting internationalprotection from Italy or Greece, and fromthe following nationalities: Syria, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Iraq.
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Resettlement
It consists in the transfer of a refugee fromthe country where he sought protection to a third country that has accepted to admithim and grant him permanent residence.
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Other termsMigration
Displacement from one country to another forvarious reasons and over a long period of time (at least one year).
Displaced
That person who has been forced to leave hishome for reasons similar to those of the refugee(armed conflict, generalized violence, violation of human rights, persecution, etc.), but does not crossany international border.
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Temporay Reception Plan
Areas: ➢ Social Intervention➢ Temporary Host➢ Economic Aid➢ Employment➢ Psychological Care➢ Legal Assistence➢ Translation and Interpretation
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Temporay Reception PlanPhases (18months*):
1st Phase: Reception centre
6 monthsMax. Prorogation: until 9 months
2nd Phase: Integration aides
6 monthsMax. Prorogation: Until 12 months
3th Phase: Sporadic integration aides
6 monthsMax. Prorogation: Until 18 months
*Possibility of prorogation depending vulnarability
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MODULE II: Procedures for grantinginternational protection
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREApplication in Spanish territory or border post or
immigrant detention center. Admission or inadmission to processing of the application.
➢ Right to submit the request➢ Presentation of the request➢ Rights of applicants➢ Obligations of applicants
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURERight to submit the request
The application will be formalized through a personal interview in which a form will be filled out.
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREPresentation of the request
Maximum period of 1 month to submit theapplication from the entry into Spanish territory orfrom the occurrence of events that justify the well-founded fear of persecution or serious damage.
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREStudy of the application submitted by the Asylum and
Refugee Office (MINISTERIO DEL INTERIOR) and issuance of the resolution proposal.
➢ Border Procedure➢ Procedure in Territory➢ Asylum Procedure
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREBorder Procedure
✓ Denial✓ Inadmissibility✓ Admission
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREProcedure in Territory
✓ Inadmissibility✓ Admission.
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREInadmission reasons
✓ Due to lack of competence for the examination of applications when it does not correspond to Spain its examination in accordance with the Regulation (CE) 343/2003.
✓ Due to lack of requirements:❖ when the applicant is recognized as a refugee and has the right to
reside or obtain effective international protection in a third State❖ when the applicant comes from a safe third country❖ when the applicant has reiterated an application already denied in
Spain provided that no new relevant circumstances arise regarding the particular conditions or the situation of the country of origin or habitual residence of the person concerned
❖ when the applicant is a national of a Member State of the European Union
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREDublin Regulation.
Criteria determination of the responsible MemberState:➢ Familiar in the country➢ Visa/Residence permit➢ Cross by other country
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURERights of applicants
✓ To be documented as an applicant for internationalprotection.
✓ Free legal aid and interpreter.✓ To have your application communicated to UNHCR.✓ The suspension of any return, expulsion or extradition
process that could affect the applicant.✓ To know the contents of the file at any time.✓ To health care in the exposed conditions.✓ To receive specific social benefits in the terms set forth
in this Law.
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREObligations of applicants
✓ To cooperate with the Spanish authorities.✓ To present, as soon as possible, all those elements that,
together with your own declaration, contribute to substantiate your request.
✓ To provide your fingerprints and allow to be photographed.
✓ To consent to having their statements recorded, providedthey have been previously informed about this last point.
✓ To inform about your home in Spain.✓ To appear before a competent authority when so
required in relation to any circumstance of your request.
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREAsylum Procedure
Admissionprocess
Emergencyprocedure
Ordinaryprocedure
Evaluation
Decision
Resolution
DenyFavorable resolution
RefugeeStatute
Subsidaryprotection
Statute
Humanitarianreasons
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREEffects of the concession
✓ The protection against the return.✓ Access to information about rights and obligations related to the
content of international protection granted.✓ The authorization of residence and permanent work.✓ The issuance of identity and travel documents.✓ Access to public employment services.✓ The access, in the same conditions as the Spanish, to the
continuous or occupational training and work in practices, as well as to the procedures of recognition of diplomas and academic and professional certificates.
✓ The freedom of movement✓ Access to integration programs of a general or specific nature
that are established.
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREEffects of denial
The non-admission to processing or the denial of international protection applications will determine as appropriate:
✓ The mandatory exit from Spanish territory.✓ The transfer to the territory of the State responsible for
examining the asylum application.
All the resolution of the administrative procedure will be susceptible:✓ Appeal for replacement with optional character.✓ Appeal before the contentious-administrative jurisdiction.✓ Extraordinary review resource.
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREDocuments as an asylum seeker and as a refugee.
Beneficiary of subsidiary protection.
➢ Red Card➢ Asylum Resolution➢ Asylum Card / Subsidiary Protection➢ Applicant card of Apátrida➢ Statute of Stateless Persons
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
Pending admission
process
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
Admission process
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ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
Refugee Statute/ Subsidary
Protection Statute
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International Protection Data.
➢ Applications submitted in EU: 705.705➢ Requests filed in the Spanish State: 31.120➢ Countries of origin applying for International Protection in the
Spanish State in 2017: Venezuela, Syria, Colombia, Ukraine, Argelia, Palestine.
➢ Resolutions Refugee Statute by nationalities: 595➢ Subsidiary Protection Resolusions in the Spanish State in 2017: 4.080➢ Denial resolutions by nationalities in the Spanish State in 2017:
✓ Ukraine: 3.025✓ Venezuela: 1.530✓ Argelia: 1.035
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Main Host countries
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BLOCK II: HUMANITARIAN, CULTURALAND SOCIAL APPROACH TO THEPROBLEMS OF THE REFUGEES AND TOTHE CONCEPTS OF INTEGRATION ANDINCLUSION
Modules III, IV, V and VIAraceli García del Soto
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MODULE III: Programmes, concepts, tools and actos involved
BASIC POINTS FOR THIS FIRST MODULE
• General guidelines of refugee programs
• Expectations, representations and reality
• Ethical considerations
• Greece: case study of Melissa and womenfrom over 7 countries of origin
One year after the closing of “The Balkans Route”…
• http://www.courrierdesbalkans.fr/Les-dernieres-infos-o-refugiesbalkans-la-Hongrie-construit-une-deuxieme
• “To change the order of things”http://pclodc.blogspot.it
• H. Maleno. Human Rights activist
• Open Arms. Saving migrants lives in the sea…
SOME CURRENT FIGURES Profiling…
• Arriving to Greece in 2015: 800,000 refugees and migrants, many of themSyrians and Iraqis, (pop. Greece: 11m.). Afghans since 2012
• ROUTE: Greece, Makedonia, Serbia, Hungary, Austria and Germany… theirdreams also on US and Canada
• 2015-mid 2017: for months around 11,000 camped rough near a railway lineat Idomeni in northern Greece
• An EU-Ankara deal to return refugees and migrants to Turkey has also stalled,with migrants challenging theiir expulsion in the Greek courts and NGOsdenouncing the plan as inhume and ilegal. Since the deal came into force inMarch 2017, only 460 people have been sent back to Turkey.
• 2017- 60,000/72,000 refugees stranded in Greece: in camps, schools,hotels… with different management schemes. Mainland & Islands
• SID, Serbia…• Most refugee children going to greek public schools now, despite the Greek
crisis.• 2017, in the coast Lybia-Italy 2800 deaths + 111 people drawned on the sea way
to Spain (triple than in 2016)• EU countries taken the most people they initially committed to: Germany (30%),
France (23%), Netherlands (41%), Finland (95%), Portugal (50%)…
Critical Approaches to Humanitarian Work
”Humanitarianism is not a tool to end war or to create peace. It is a citizen’s response
to political failure. It is an immediate, short-term act that cannot erase the long-term
necessity of political responsibility.”
James Orbinski, President, MSF International
Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech, 2000
“The ultimate responsibility for human horror lies with those who do, and it is perhaps an
important element of vigilance not to accept horror as a given with which humanitarian action
must deal. The first response should be militancy against it rather than rescue from its consequences”
Fiona Terry (2002).
Condemned to Repeat. The Paradox of Humanitarian Action.
2017/2018:Work and debates by
Fiona Terry, G. Martone, Priscilla Heyner y Dirk Salomons
- Justice, Development & Conflicts”Peace-maker Paradox” Priscilla Hayner´s last book
CASE STUDY
Melissa (Atenas, Grecia)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eiDH0Y62bA
Description of the Photo-voice work at Melissa in the summer of 2017.
Human Flows/Mareas Humanas. Ai Wei
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFK1z6Zx9HI
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MODULE IV: Recents conflicts fromwhich the refugees flee. Complexconflicts: definition and examples.
Examples of conflicts. Actors, principles and debates in
humanitarian action. MDG (Millenium Development Goals). Basic psychosocial frameworks
• Amartya Sen- the concept of opportunities.
• Paul Farmer. PATHOLOGIES OF POWER. Mountains Beyond Mountains.
• “Partners in Health” Current work in Haiti and Rwanda.
• Statistic measures of inequality. Debate
Sources of basic information
1. Media: IRIN, ReliefWeb, Devex http://reliefweb.int
- PCDN- Peace&Collaborative Develp. Network
2. Biblio: B. Buttho- Reconciliation, E. Said, S. Nair, P. Farmer, D. Rief-A bed for the night
3. Reports: AI, ICG, SGBV WHO o locales
-- DOMESTIC HA Agencies (ej USAID, DFID) -- INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES: Independence, Neutrality, Imparciality....Debate
• Goals:
-- EMERGENCY- to provide immediate relief to alleviate humansuffering and need as well as save lives and protect civiliansin cases of armed conflict.
- RtP- Responsibility to Protect IMPLICATIONS
-- DEVELOPMENT: well-being and sustainability (“to ease humansuffering due to poverty over a long-term period”)
-- COMPLEX CONFLICTS have traits of both. Examples
• Actors and areas of work (shelter, nutrition, water, Sanitation,hygiene, and a more recent focus on governance,environment, etc.)
Emergency, Development & ComplexConflicts
Principles of humanitarian work• Neutrality: avoid to take sides in hostilities or engage at any time in
controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature.
• Impartiality: based on needs alone.
• Independence: Humanitarian agencies must formulate andimplement their own policies independently of government policies or
actions.
• Humanitarian Imperative: “to provide humanitarian assistancewherever it is needed.” TO receive and TO GIVE.
• Others: participation, sustainability, cultural approt. +
-- “Agencies should be ACCOUNTABLE to both donors and beneficiaries”
-- “Agencies should use information activities to portray victims as dignified human beings,not hopeless objects”.
Actors• Intl. Organizations• Local Orgs.: NGOs, CBOs• Media• Military• Businesses• Religious Orgs.• Networks: Intl+Local (GEI Ayotzi)• Evaluators: mixed teams (ICC, Uganda)• Others??
Similarities in conflicts• Duration?• Causes? economic, ideological• Trauma and resiliency go together
▪ Impacts: IDPs, (Internally Displaced Persons)Exile/ DiasporasChild soldiers, Massacres, Missing/Kidnapped
Governments <-> ONGs, Lack of coordination among agencies, Donors Fatigue Complex conflicts
DARA
= Donor Accountability in Humanitarian Action:International data bases with guidelines for Emergency-keeping the examples that worked and did not work
http://www.daraint.org/major-projects
ALNAP= Active Learning Network for Accountability
and Performance.
Debates
• RIGHTS vs. NEEDS
• UNIVERSAL vs. LOCAL
• BIOLOGICAL vs. LEARNT
- - - - - - - - - - -
• THEM vs. US
• Individual vs. Collective
• Academia vs. Applied work
• Disciplines (Psychology vs. Law vs. Antropology vs. Medicine)
• PARTICIPATION? MODES and Timing.
COLOMBIAN STUDY-CASE. COLLECTIVE RAPE.
“Patterns of sexual violence in conflict,
and current prospects for work”
Beliefs involved in conflict (Eidelsons, 2003)
• Superiority (setting their codes of conduct in the village, and thepunishments for missbehavior)
• Injustice (women accused of collaboration with other groups, ofluck of appreciation for the good the P were doing)
• Vulnerability (younger girls,women with kids more afraid to bethreaten again…), Them, P, exposed to the “vices & diseases” ofthe village.
• Distrust (“you are a spy,” accusations of witchcraft)
• Helplessness (IMPUNITY; victims saying: “they were the bestpsychologists of human evil” “do not fight them back, they arearmed”)
INDIVIDUAL and Collective Wellbeing- FACTORS
• EMOTIONAL RESILIENCY: contentment, sense ofsecurity, hope, flexibility
• SPIRITUALITY: meaningfulness of the world, personalbeliefs.
• RELATIONSHIPS: valued identity, sense of belonging,protection
• FREEDOM: sense of choice, agency, ability to control,strategize and resist
• CONTROL OVER RESOURCES: routines, prop.
• COGNITION: Information and Education
COLLECTIVE Factors of Wellbeing
• NURTURANCE: care for vulnerable persons,opportunities for people to achieve their potential,tolerance for diversity.
• PROTECTION: responsible use of power, valuing life,safeguarding the integrity of people.
• PARTICIPATION: consultative decision-making, equity,information and education.
• SUSTAINABILITY: sense of shared present and future• CONTROL OVER RESOURCES and OPPORTUNITIES-
‘Civil Society”… land ownership, etc.
Psychosocial frameworks
• Individual (Western approaches)
• Collective: Community-oriented (trainings andParticipatory Action Research)
• Human Rights based (e.g. Rape as a WarCrime, 2000. The Hague)
-- SPHERE PROJECT: Programmes and itsconsideration of Psychosocial
-- Examples and group work
MDG-ODS 2030
• http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/objetivos-de-desarrollo-sostenible/
• http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/takeaction/
Sustainable Development Goals
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MODULE V: Examples of rehabilitation, emergency relief and
development, their interrelations and overlapping and their reality.
Examples of conflicts and programs
Syria, Colombia, Yemen, Ukraine
SYRIA
• Leila Nachawati Regohttp://www.youtube.com/watchv=MrQT2oYUGP0&fb_source=message
• What happens when an NGO admits failurehttp://www.ted.com/talks/david_damberger_what_happens_when_an_ngo_
admits_failure.html
Torture Records published in July 2018
-- Syria in March 2014, (23 mill.) (after 3 years): morethan 140.000 casualties and 9 million IDPs
In June 2018- 500.000 casualties
--- Balkans IN 2004 (15mill): 200.000 dead (after 2years)
Total by March 2015: 230.000
http://www.shrc.org/en/?cat=9
Sources
• BBC. Population
• IDMC-NRC http://www.internal-
displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpCountries)/9F19CC00280C471C802570A7004CE12F?opendocument&count=10000
3 mill. IDPS (24%)
• ICG- International Crisis Group
• UNHCR offices
• Webs Embassies
MAP COMPARING TRENDS IN SYRIA: IDPS AND REFUGEES
http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/32F6F5040CF356A4C1
257A5D0045AEDF/$file/Syria_IDMC_afterMar2012.pdf
• REFUGEE PROCESSING VS. IDPs Estimations
- Documents
- Services: Food and Shelter + others (e.g. GBVprotocols-medical, legal and psychosocial).
- Permanent solutions: Integration,Resettlement and Return
COLOMBIA
• 47 mill. People
• 4th oil producer in LA, 1 mill. barrels a day
• GDP increase 8.3% in 2007, average of 4%
• 88 dialects. 12% afro-col, 35% ind, 37% white
• + 200 unionists killed 2008-2013
• LONGEST standing conflict in the West Hemisphere
• The curse of being rich in natural resources
Exports and Resources
NATURE OF CONFLICT: Internal armed conflict among guerrilla forces (FARC, ELN), paramilitary forces (AUC) and
government, all framed by external forces like the U.S. intervention through Plan Colombia and the illegal money from drug
traffickers.
KEY PLAYERS
(extracted from BBC News website):
FARC: “the oldest and largest group among Colombia's left-wing rebels - and one of the world's richest and most powerful
guerrilla armies.
The group was founded in 1964, when it declared its intention to use armed struggle to overthrow the government and install a
Marxist regime. But tactics changed in the 1990s, as right-wing paramilitary forces attacked the rebels, and the Farc became
increasingly involved in the drug trade to raise money for its campaign. Some analysts believe the group has lost its political
vision and that drugs have changed the way it fights. Kidnapping and extortion are now often an end in themselves.
The group is on US and European lists of terrorist organizations. The group is governed by a secretariat and is believed to have
about 16,000 fighters”.
ELN:”The left-wing group was formed in 1965 by intellectuals inspired by the Cuban revolution. The ELN is behind many
kidnappings in Colombia, and snatches hundreds of people each year to finance its operations. The group has focused on hitting
infrastructure targets such as the oil industry, because it has been unable to take on the security forces directly like the Farc.
Members have split their efforts between military and social work. They justify kidnapping as a legitimate way of fundraising in
what they say is their campaign for improved social justice and human rights.
The group is on US and European lists of terrorist”.
Sources: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4528631.stm, ICG
AUC: ”This right-wing umbrella group was formed in 1997 by drug-traffickers and landowners to combat rebel kidnappings and
extortion. The AUC has demobilized thousands of fighters since 2004
The AUC has its roots in the paramilitary armies built up by drug lords in the 1980s, and says it took up arms in self-defense, in
the place of a powerless state. Others see it as little more than a drugs cartel in charge of an ever larger chunk of the drug
business. The US and EU list the AUC as a terrorist organization. The paramilitaries declared a ceasefire in 2002 and began
formal peace talks with Bogotá in 2004. Negotiations have resulted in the demobilization of at least 26,000 fighters, in a process
beset by hurdles such as ceasefire violations, and the paramilitaries' demand for amnesty”.
UNIONISTS…
EXTERNAL PARTIES:
USA: “Hundreds of US soldiers are in Colombia to help the government in its war against drug-smuggling and the rebels. Since
2000, the US has funded a project called Plan Colombia. Forces receive training and equipment to root out smugglers and
eliminate coca crops. Hundreds of Colombian citizens have been extradited to the US to face trial for trafficking, under a two-
way deal”
Sources: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4528631.stm, ICG
1928: “Masacre de lasbananeras”: Massiveassassination of United FruitCompany’s employees(December 6th) in Colombia
1899: Foundation of United Fruit Company with presence in Colombia
1954: Coup d’état in Guatemalaafter leftist president Jacobo Arbenzexpropriated United Fruit lands
1970: United Fruit changes itsname for United BrandsCompany
1990: United Brands Companychanges its name to ChiquitaBrands Company
1997-2004: Chiquita Brands paid 1.7 million dollars to AUC (paramilitary group in Colombia)
TIMELINE
Some facts:
✓Employees of United Fruit Company in Uraba region in Colombia spent thirty days
in 1928 protesting against the abuses from the company. In December 6th, 3.000
employees participating in the strike were protesting in the Cienaga train station,
when official military open fire against them. None knows the number of deaths, but
historians think those are between 60 and 1000.
✓The Coup d’etat in Guatemala after the expropriation of United Fruit’s land inspired
the term “Banana Republic”.
✓In 2001, logistic equipment belonging to Chiquita Brands was used in Colombia to
download a container full of arms intended to AUC (paramilitary group).
✓2007: Chiquita Brands plead guilty of paying 1.7 million dollars to Colombian
paramilitary groups in front of the United States justice.
YEMENhttp://newirin.irinnews.org/extras/2015/4/6/yemen-in-photos-a-country-splitting-down-the-middle
The need to analise ACTORS, TYPE OF CONFLICT, EXTERNAL ALLIES and IMPACTS to betterunderstand PROGRAMS and PROJECTS
“we entered it without knowing the nature of their land, their traditions and their ideas.”
• https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/04/06/misunderstanding-wars-in-yemen-vietnam-and-yemen-once-again/?utm_content=bufferb0d53&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer
• Video FRONTLINE, Yemen, April 7th: http://www.monstersandcritics.com/frontline-and-pbs-bring-the-fight-for-yemen-april-7-video/
UKRAINEKey Humanitarian Issues
in Ukraine 2015-2018
1. Winter emergency shelter and non-food items.
2. Access to food, WASH, health and other life-savingservices.
3. Protection of affected populations.
4. Ongoing insecurity.
5. Humanitarian access.
6. Continued displacement.
FIONA TERRY
“An important factor in determining whether we act responsibly in a given situation is the knowledge we have at our disposal when making decisions”(1) dilemmas confronting aid organizations are essentially the same as in the
past
(2) although it is impossible to determine the precise effect of aid “aid is becoming a major factor in the continuation of conflicts”, despite its operational principles (neutrality, impartiality and independence, humanitarian imperative,
protection)
“The ultimate responsibility for human horror lies with those who do, and it is perhaps an important element of vigilance not to accept horror as a given with
which humanitarian action must deal. The first response should be militancy against it rather than rescue from its consequences”.
-Humanitarian action will never attain perfection: rather than aiming for a first-best world, we must aim for a second-best world and adjust to that accordingly.
It’s the best possible assessment considering the given needs & options.
The content of this report represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.
MODULE VI: Integration and inclusion
Team work on Integration &
Inclusion, and
our own well-being as
humanitarian workers
• The day before we shared different materialsfrom EU Projects, reports and articles withdiverse views regarding the pros and cons.
• Each team presented their analisis of theirmaterials, and we ended up with commonbasic points that ultimately each participantused to formulate their individual final paper.
Basic Notions:
• INTEGRATION: identify problems, collectivemeasures.
• INCLUSION: focus on individual opportunitiesthat engage all sectors of the society (private,public and NGOs)
• Considerations about gender, generations,cultural diversity and appropriatness for theexamples worked in the smaller groups andpresented to all.
HtH- Help to Helpers
“… any change is so slow and small as to be imperceptible, and so deep as to be virtually immeasurable”
Help to Helpers
• ANTARES FOUNDATION- the Institutional Care
• Networking- the South African Experience
• Sheila Platt- Individual and ‘buddy’ approaches
• Carlos Beristain- Apoyo Mutuo
• MSF- Maria Blacque Belair (2013)
• Kimberley Theidon (2014)- basic 5. Secondary trauma & doble trauma.
THE MYTH OF THE INVULNERABLE International worker
My Stress Signature
• Physical (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------
• Emotional (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------
• Behavioral (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------
• Cognitive (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------
• Spiritual (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Classic signs of stress:
• Frequent conflicts
• Low productivity
• Stereotyping
• Lack of energy,
• Pain (headache, stomach, muscles),
• Feelings of Hopelessness,
• Negativism, emphasis on mistakes,
• Lack of trust,
• STUCK,
• FEAR to lack of control/crazyness,
• Hyperactivity or sadness,
• Risky behavior, etc.
FEAR - Individual impact
• Physical Reactions: stomach ache, diarrhea, palpitations,hyperventilation, trembling…
• Behavioral impact: impulsive behavior and disorganizedanswers (escaping or overprotection)
• Cognition: hopelessness→ depression (emotion)
• Loose contact with reality (Types of fear- dog barking anddark)
• Numbing, Obsessive thinking, Addictions
• + + Fear helps to perceive risk (it’s an alarm mechanism)
Social Impacts of Fear
• Inhibits Communication (‘don’t talk about it, don’t say anything’)
• Lack of social involvement
• Social isolation
• Values questioned (humiliation→nihilism and radicalization)
• Lack of Trust within Communities (cleavages in subgroups, polarization, co-optation, etc)
Suggestions for MUTUAL SUPPORT when working in teams:
• Make problems explicit, to avoid misunderstandings and blocked attitudes. Avoid denial.
• Treat issues as common responsibility. Everyone can talk about issues and the group can deal with them.
• Give time to each person’s experience (it’s not only drama). Try to rebuild group meanings favoring internal cohesion. Find and Reaffirm the common goals of the team
• Keep positive: how to move forward and how to reinforce the commitment to our work (what are we here for?)
• Accept change and adapt to new situations. Specially after difficult experiences. Reinforce the believe that we can embrace change responsibly, being agents of our own history.
• Decide and agree on the methods in a participatory manner. This facilitates group decision making and promotes group responsibility
• Build common goals that integrate past experiences, based on positive relationships and defines clear working goals.
Group Management Styles
YOUR FAVORITE TRAITS
UNIVERSAL TRAITS