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Being able to predict the weather by observing cloud formations is a skill that is
somewhat lost on us modern humans. Most of us can easily look at a cloud and
see the unicorn or ice cream cones, but very few of us can look at clouds and
see the approaching cold front.
Fortunately, being able to predict the weather is easier than one may think.
Follows is some helpful information to get you started. It will no doubt wow,
impress and keep you dry on your next family outting into the great outdoors.
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Predicting the Weather with Clouds by randofo (http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/)
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Step 1: Categorization
Clouds can easily be broken into four categories. These categories are high
clouds, middle clouds, low clouds and clouds with vertical growth.
Clouds are also identified by shape. Cumulus refers to a "heap" of clouds.
Stratus refers to clouds that are long and streaky. And nimbus refers to the
shape of "rain" because we all know what rain looks like.
Step 2: High Clouds
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2 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
High clouds form at 16,000 - 43,000 feet. Basically, these are the clouds that
you only encounter on the top of really high mountains or at the cruising altitude
of a jet airplane. Due to the extreme conditions at which they form, they tend to
be comprised primarily of ice crystals.
High clouds do not block sunlight.
High clouds include:
Cirrus
Cirrostratus
Cirrocumulus
Step 3: Cirrus
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3 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
Cirrus clouds are white wispy clouds that stretch across the sky. By all accounts,
cirrus clouds indicate fair weather in the immediate future. However, they can
also be an indication of a change in weather patterns within the next 24 hours
(most likely a change of pressure fronts).
By watching their movement and the direction in which the streaks are pointed,
you can get a sense of which direction the weather front is moving.
Step 4: Cirrostratus
Cirrostratus tend to be sheet-like and cover the whole sky. You can usually tend
to see the sun or moon through them. Their pressence usually indicates moist
weather within the next 12 - 24 hours.
Step 5: Cirrocumulus
Cirrocumulus clouds tend to be large groupings of white streaks that are
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4 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
sometimes seemingly neatly aligned. In most climates these mean fair weather
for the near future.
However, in the tropics, these clouds may indicate an approaching tropical storm
or hurricane (depending on the season).
Step 6: Middle Clouds
Middle clouds form at 6,500 to 23,000 feet. They are comprised of water, and, if
cold enough, ice.
Middle clouds often block sunlight, but not always.
Middle clouds consist of:
Altostratus
Altocumulus
Step 7: Altostratus
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5 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
Altostratus are grey and/or blue clouds that cover the whole sky. They tend to
indicate a storm some time in the very near future since they usually precede
inclimate weather.
Step 8: Altocumulus
Altocumulus are grayish-white clouds blanketing the entire sky. The tend to look
like large fluffy sheets in which there is a lot of contrast between light and dark.
Sun does not pass through them. If you see them in the morning, prepare for a
thunderstorm in the afternoon.
Step 9: Low clouds
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6 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
Low clouds form below 6,500 feet. These clouds are the ones that like to
hang-around just above tall buildings. These clouds tend to contain water, but
can also be comprised of snow if the weather gets cold enough.
Low clouds block sunlight and can bring precipitation and wind.
Low clouds include:
Stratus
Stratocumulus
Nimbostratus
Step 10: Stratus
Stratus are low-lying solid clouds that are often formed when fog lifts off the
ground. They obviously look like an elevated fog. Often they bring drizzle or light
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7 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
snow.
Step 11: Stratocumulus
Stratocumulus are low-lying bumpy and grey clouds. They do not bring
precipitation. They also do not cover the entire sky and tend to come in rows
and patches.
Step 12: Nimbostratus
Nimbostratus is your standard rain cloud. It is a large flat sheet of grey cloud
with a little bit of differentiation. If you see these, chances are it's raining outside.
Step 13: Clouds with vertical mobility
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And last, but not least, are clouds with vertical growth which tend to have a base
that hangs really low (5,000 feet) and a top that climbs really high (over 50,000
feet).
Clouds in this category include:
Cumulus
Cumulonimbus
Step 14: Cumulus
Cumulus clouds are your stereotypical white "cottonball" clouds. So long as the
clouds remain low clumps floating across the sky, there will be fair weather.
However, you need to keep an eye on these clouds because any vertical growth
can indicate the start of a large storm.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FNM/NZFC/FHC3AB9X/FNMNZFCFHC3AB9X.LARGE.jpg)
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9 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
Step 15: Cumulonimbus
Cumulonimbus are cumulus clowds that have grown vertically into an anvil-like
shape. The anvil tends to point in the direction the storm is moving. These
clouds bring most dangerous weather such as rain, lightning, hail and
tornadoes.
Step 16: That's a lot of information. Now what?
Alright, now that we know what the basic types of clouds are, we need to look up
at the sky.
Go outside and look at the sky. If there are no clouds in the the sky, then the
weather is fine.
Assuming there are clouds in the sky, we now need to identify them.
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10 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
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First, determine if you can see the sun or moon through them. If you can, then
you are looking at high altitude clouds. If the clouds are thick, then there is a
chance of poor weather a day or two in the future. To determine when the storm
will arrive, observe whether or not the clouds appear to be moving. If they
appear stationary, it is a slow moving front and probably won't arrive for over a
day. If they appear to be moving, then the change in weather will be there faster.
You can tell which way the storm is traveling by the direction the clouds are
pointing.
If you can not see through the clouds, chances are that you are looking at
middle or low altitude clouds. First, determine which of the two you are dealing
with by observing shape, color and other more obvious give-aways. Are they
covering the entire sky? Then they may be middle altitude clouds. Do they
appear to be grey with a blue tint or fluffy white/grey clouds with a lot of contrast
between light and dark? If yes, then these are middle altitude clouds and you
should prepare for rain within half a day.
If you answered no to any of those questions, then check for low-altitude clouds.
These tend to appear low and often engulf mountains and buildings. If it looks
like an elevated fog, expect drizzle (if it isn't already). If it is rows of low, dark,
lumpy clouds, then the weather is otherwise okay, but watch for further
developments. If there is a low, dark, grey sheet, then it's probably raining. If it's
not, quickly go get your umbrella.
If your clouds are low, fluffy, and white like cottonballs in the sky, then the
weather is okay. However, keep an eye on these for any vertical growth of the
cloud upwards into the sky (turning into anvil shapes). These clouds can
unexpectedly change from fair weather indicators into violent thunderstorms.
1-40 of
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cirrusb2002 (http://www.instructables.com/member/cirrusb2002/)
Excellent article, I've used it as a derivative to instruct
cadets on predicting weather patterns in the field, in
order to assist them with preparation for personal
equipment to take on field training.
Tuinopo80 (http://www.instructables.com/member/Tuinopo80/)
Nice! Good Preparation for hiking in the mountains!
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ccerceni (http://www.instructables.com/member/ccerceni/)
Quite resourceful and interesting. Great job
dude keep up the good work.
weather2u (http://www.instructables.com/member/weather2u/)
Hey, I just want to say this information has helped me a lot. I am a Wando
Band Student, and during our marching band season, it is important to keep
an eye on the weather. I just wanted to ask a question though,
What if you see Alto Cumulus clouds in the mid-morning (around 10 or 11 AM
ish)? Does it still mean a chance for rain in the afternoon? Are they actually
Alto-Cumulus time? Please explain.
Thanks sooooo much for your time. I really appreciate it! :)
horselover101 (http://www.instructables.com/member/horselover101/)
Thanks for the information! I'm doing a science fair project
on Meterology and this is a really big help!
Woodbuffalo (http://www.instructables.com/member/Woodbuffalo/)
put together very well, simple and understandable, Thank
You. In regards to WIND that is a whole new ball
game...there is a morning wind (east to west, generally
cooler as the mtns draw from the low lands) From approx
2-3pm there is "dead air" (the hottest part of the day) From
3pm into late evening is the warmer winds (west to east),
most times bringing wet weather.
Rishnai (http://www.instructables.com/member/Rishnai/)
Stratocumulus also tend to mean a storm will probably happen somehwere
near(ish) that day. If you see them meeting with another cloud formation, such
as nimbostratus. If you see nimbostratus clouds stop in a vey distinct line, and
stratocumulus meeting, crossing, or coming near that line, plan for an indoor
day with the possibility of severe weather directly to your north, south, or
above you that day. In some cases, you will be able to watch a potentially
severe stack go up over or just to the east of you, in which case someone
about 100-250 miles to the east of you is about to have a bad day. At least
that's what happens here, on the very western edge of tornado country. Many
days, I can look up at the sky and predict (not well enough to become a pro
stormchaser, unfortunately) whether severe weather will happen, and predict
where it will be, such as "That sucker's going to do something nasty (tornado
or bad hail) over at about I-76 and the state line." Or "From the looks of that,
Peyton/Calhan is in danger today. We oughta call Sue and Bud, make sure
they're alright in about four hours." For a while I could get people to bet me on
that, then we'd sit around watching the weather radar and let the money
change hands.
static (http://www.instructables.com/member/static/) Rishnai
Actually the pros don't observe clouds in making
their morning decision as to where they will go that
day. They can't because there destination may be a
State away, when they start the chase. Of course
they use cloud observations to fine tune the chase if
their morning prediction was accurate. Sometimes
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12 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
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4 years ago Reply
they are good or lucky, perhaps both. I recall a Sunday when Chasers from
Oklahoma where in NW Kansas waiting when a tornado formed. The NWS
even hadn't even issued a tornado watch for that day. :)
Rishnai (http://www.instructables.com/member/Rishnai/) static
Yeah, I wish cloud-watching alone would make it
possible to tell where a tornado might be, in time to
get near there. If it was possible to predict clouds
well enough by eye to go pro, I'd want to develop
that skill. But as it is, I have to wait for a cell to start,
and then do the judgment call: go for the north one,
or the south one? Any cloud-watcher does, but if I
wanted to see a twister, I'd be in the wrong spot to
get near it in time. I like it that way. It's just that all
the severe weather rolls off of the front range, so if
something is going to hit the west 1/4 of
Kanses/Nebraska, or any part of CO, I get to watch
it form before it goes off somewhere past the
horizon to forcibly remodel someone's home.
vincent7520 (http://www.instructables.com/member/vincent7520/) Rishnai
However I must add to my previous reply that your
remarks confirm what I want to say :
1) your "expertise" in forecasting is local and is
based on multiple factors starting with a good
knowledge of local factors that was built over the
years ;
2) TV weather forecast and other pro weathermen
are on th whole very reliable, albeit some rare
mistakes of course.
Actually your remark are very useful as you give
practical examples to what I say on a more general
level.
Thank you & Happy New Year to you an all your
relatives (I know this is important in your country).
vincent7520 (http://www.instructables.com/member/vincent7520/) Rishnai
@ static and rishnal :
I didn't feel that Randolfo wants to use his cloud
reading for tornado forecast
I think he writes on a more general level.
As for myself, although I feel I have a proper overall
notion of weather forecasting, as I live in a land
were tornadoes do not exist (God forbids !) in no
way would I allow myself to forecast a tornado in
one of your states.
This would be totally preposterous and ridiculous
!!!
MaXoR (http://www.instructables.com/member/MaXoR/) static
You watched storm chasers too?!?! lol
killerAP (http://www.instructables.com/member/killerAP/) static
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bs man. The weather men ALWAYS
just take a look at the clouds in
order to predict the weather. One
time here in NJ they said it would be
clear for a while, and then thirty
minutes later we got hail.
Rishnai (http://www.instructables.com/member/Rishnai/) killerAP
I guess the point that we are both trying to make is
that you can predict if the location you are at is
about to get something, (unless you're a TV
weatherman) but you can't just look at the clouds
and know precisely what county a state and a half
away is going to get a tornado. At least not in time
to get there before the storms fire up and drop the
tornado that you want to film. Storm chasers pick
where they're going that day at or before ten in the
morning, so that they can be there when the storm
happens at three in the afternoon. People who like
to watch clouds (and local weathercasters), on the
other hand, can theoretically look at the sky at ten
and tell what weather that spot is going to get at
three. Except the weathercasters. I think they snort
a line and flip a coin sometimes.
dmwarheit (http://www.instructables.com/member/dmwarheit/) Rishnai
Nimbostratus clouds are more associated with
occluded fronts and long duration constant rainfall
that severe weather. If you are seeing low lying
thick dark clouds that have a swirl appearance to
them you are probably looking at the base of a
meso-cyclone. Basically they are a conglomerate of
thunderstorms with enough energy to create its
own counter clockwise rotation. While
stratocumulus can be associated with inclement
weather, they are more often caused simply by a
mid level, 5-10k, temperature inversion that blocks
the cumulus' vertical movement. When the cumulus
can no longer going up they start to spread into
stratocumulus. Hope this helped. :o)
gordokury (http://www.instructables.com/member/gordokury/)
what do you predict when you see a chemtrail?
randofo (http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/) (author)
gordokury
Paranoia.
gordokury (http://www.instructables.com/member/gordokury/) randofo
hahaha, ok, but, remember, the worst think about
paranoids is that they are right
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vincent7520 (http://www.instructables.com/member/vincent7520/)
gordokury
Nope Paranoia is overinterpretation.
It a sickness that makes a conglomerates of various facts and draw the
wrong conclusion
Okay, that's not the subject here
Zinky (http://www.instructables.com/member/Zinky/) gordokury
CHemtrails often indicate strong reptilian influence,
many long /straight/ looking lines and 90 degree
angles, indicates strong reptilian influence, heavy
pollution and or mind/behavior control. 60 degree
angles are much nicer :-) -ps i know the earth is
round and that straight lines and angles work a little
differently then on a flat earth.
emartian (http://www.instructables.com/member/emartian/)
Fantastic 'struct! I especially appreciate the quality of the photos; the three
people reading over my shoulder were all nodding silently in agreement. Any
idea where we could reliably see lenticular formations?
vincent7520 (http://www.instructables.com/member/vincent7520/) emartian
I saw one on the Mont Ventoux (1 000m) not latter
than dec. 16.
This is in the South of France.
Just luck I suppose
randofo (http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/) (author) emartian
I left them out because they were more of an
anomaly or special case.
The wikipedia page seems pretty reasonable
though:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_cloud
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_cloud)
vincent7520 (http://www.instructables.com/member/vincent7520/)
Nice instructable
but I'm not sure it is very practical as it seems too general
to me : practically you have to take into account local
patterns to really make the clouds "talk" and predict
weather : the sea, coast line, mountain formation, plain and
type of plants or trees plus local idiosyncrasies may
change considerably the general pattern you give here.
Your description of clouds is 100% correct of course but in
order to have a valuable prediction type of clouds must be
crossed with other informations :
- locally, air pressure with rate of rise or fall, wind speed
and direction at ground level (which is somewhat easy) and
at higher altitude (as you say) which can only be a guess,
temperature rise or fall
- if possible) regionally or on 1/2 a continent scale (let's say
Eastern US or Western Europe) data from different
weather stations ; ie. (for each station) air pressure, rate of
Predicting the Weather with Clouds file:///C:/Users/Chan Solinna/Downloads/Predicting the Weather with C...
15 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
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4 years ago Reply
barometer rise of fall, wind direction and speed, temperature with rise or fall plus
type of cloud formation, type of rain if any, fog formation and dew point.
This list seems pretty stuffy, but once you're used to it you can make good
valuable 24h predictions by drawing a chart of air masses, fronts and weather
formation on the whole area (1/2 a continent).
We did precisely that when sailing on the western coast of Europe using the
weather service from BBC's channel 4. This weather bulletin was broadcasted 6
times a day (if my memory serves me well) and we did draw a weather chart in
about 5 minutes after the broadcast.
Of course with the internet on board, Navtex and all those electronic devices
(which are truly invaluable in rough conditions) caring about the weather has
changed dramatically : a 72 hours forecast in reliable now when a 12 hours
prediction was the more we could expect in the late 50's and 60's (24 to 36 hours
in the late 70's). And safety has increased and this is good
Conversely I feel we have lost an art of prediction which was trying to "read" all
those little signs from nature to make us aware of what could happen next and
gave a feeling of belonging to a universe we could have a practical understanding
of.
(Same could be said about the art of navigation, dead reckoning and nautical
astronomy : making a perfect fix by stars was -still is for some ?- quite exhalirating
and gave a feeling of deep achievement and a feeling of being one with one's
environment).
This is why your instructable is great albeit its limitations. Maybe you should add a
section on how the air masses move, how warm and cold fronts form what makes
the difference between a low and a high, wind direction, use of temperature rise
and fall, etc that shape the coming weather ? And also be somewhat more
specific about where and in which season the informations you give work best ?
It is just a suggestion
I am also aware this becomes a general course in meteorology and
Instructable.com may not be the place for it !!! ;D
So please don't feel I'm trying to put down your effort.
On the contrary.
Again, thank you and Happy New Year (as this is written on 12-30 at 11pm (local
time) :D :D
chazskinz (http://www.instructables.com/member/chazskinz/)
good idea, bad information!
it is ashamed to not include chemtrails (government papers confirm this) since
it is a FACT. to dismiss it as paranoia is not only ignorance of what is going on
in your skies but giving people biased and uninformed information.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FK0/UDOU/G825RBIL
/FK0UDOUG825RBIL.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com
Predicting the Weather with Clouds file:///C:/Users/Chan Solinna/Downloads/Predicting the Weather with C...
16 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
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3 years ago Reply
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4 years ago Reply
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/MaXoR/)
4 years ago Reply
/FK0/UDOU/G825RBIL/FK0UDOUG825RBIL.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FK0/UDOU/G825RBIL/FK0UDOUG825RBIL.LARGE.jpg)
vincent7520 (http://www.instructables.com/member/vincent7520/)
chazskinz
Cool off, man ! It's nearly New Year's Eve.
Moreover I do not see how chemtrails (wether tey are facts or not) can
help to predict weather which is the purpose of this instructable
You're just knocking at the wrong door.
Be nice to you : give yourself some fresh air and read what people
write instead of seeing a conspiracy where only simple useful facts are
given (not all facts but useful facts).
randofo (http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/) (author)
chazskinz
I haven't dismissed anything.
I have simple explained how to predict the weather using naturally
forming cloud formations. These originate from complex natural
processes as they have for billions of years.
There is no bias here. Only FACT.
MaXoR (http://www.instructables.com/member/MaXoR/) chazskinz
You know, I gotta say...... you sure come on really
strong when you have to make a point.
You realize that your chemtrails(Or maybe you
meant contrails?) only affected new york (most of
which was noted by airport monitoring equiptment,
and was largly localized to the airports because of
traffic being high enough there) by 5 degrees
celsius during the world trade center fiasco. (They
shut down air traffic for a few days after the towers
were hit)
Secondly this person was giving us examples of
judging weather, using globally forming cloud
patterns. Unless you live close to an airport,
contrails will never get dense enough to significantly
impact the local weather. If you do live close
enough, well.... looks like cloudy skys with higher
chances of precipitation when fronts move in.... as a
constant (Fluctuating mildly with traffic density)
However, I'm sure all of us here would love to hear
your forcast model using contrails?! I'm very
intrigued on how this relates to world weather, and
predicting weather using naturally forming clouds as
a result of moving fronts
Predicting the Weather with Clouds file:///C:/Users/Chan Solinna/Downloads/Predicting the Weather with C...
17 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
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3 years ago Reply
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3 years ago Reply
Yes, contrails do affect tempurature, however they affect airports mostly,
and major airways/skyways. They also only hold moisture long enough to
dissipate back into the air around it. Contrails are not the "exhaust" of the
airplane persay.... it's a reaction with the tempurature difference of their
exhaust and the cold air. The hot moist exhaust air is combining with the
low vapor pressure cold air way up there. It's the same effect as when you
breath out on a cold day. So with that in mind, us as humans exhale way
more vapor than the jets do on average, and would then be the largest
factor in global weather change!
You made yourself look like a fenatic, and therfor no one will ever truthfully
listen to you with much regard. I know I sure didn't, but then again, I'm just
one opinion... maybe others have their own!
iShouldaKnoDD (http://www.instructables.com/member/iShouldaKnoDD/)
Wonderful!!! Without being negative, one question. How do
you propose to get anyone to leave their monitor & go
outside to look up??
I (am aged) grew up where tornadoes are angry & as a
child was repeatedly warned to "watch the clouds",,or else!
(I knew what that meant) My "mentors" also taught me to
note the behavior of animals & plants. as when the leaves
of trees turn over or pets get nervous.
Thank you so much for you time and knowledge & trouble
in posting this life saving information!!
piper1234 (http://www.instructables.com/member/piper1234/)
mm if you live in the tornado alley or in Florida or some wild rainy place on
earth this almost forgotten info might save lives, lately people trust in the tv
weather but if you look to the ancient wise knowledge of watching the sky and
judge by the clouds a tragedy could be avoided, if you see cumulosnimbus you
better run to hide, weather doesn't understand about satellites and tv
finfan7 (http://www.instructables.com/member/finfan7/)
This is an excellent resource. Living in the Southwest I see mostly dust clouds
but I will definitely start watching for these.
stuilevuka (http://www.instructables.com/member/stuilevuka/)
thanks for the useful information and one that is very important to us daily
teslacoilguitaramp,helpmeplz (http://www.instructables.com/member
/teslacoilguitaramp%2Chelpmeplz/)
i pretty much new all this stuff but it is still good to have a refresher, and a few
more facts too, i found a few flaws about the description outcomes being to
precise and strict, i have had very thick dark sheets of nimbostratus and never
received any rain, but though it usually does, not as i am typing this because i
have those clouds it is dry, though this is not an exact science.
thingygoboom (http://www.instructables.com/member/thingygoboom/)
A great instructable. Simply wonderful.
Someone should make an app to do it for us.
Predicting the Weather with Clouds file:///C:/Users/Chan Solinna/Downloads/Predicting the Weather with C...
18 of 20 2/27/2015 11:45 AM
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We have a be nice comment policy.
Please be positive and constructive. I Made it! Add Images Make Comment
randofo (http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/) (author)
thingygoboom
There are plenty of apps that will predict the weather. The whole point
of this is to be able to do it yourself without an app.
sellulose (http://www.instructables.com/member/sellulose/)
I am unable to see this image. Please reload. Thanks.
randofo (http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/) (author) sellulose
Works fine on all of my browsers. Try refreshing the
page.
Edward L (http://www.instructables.com/member/Edward+L/)
This instructable is great! Thanks for the great info.
msean (http://www.instructables.com/member/msean/)
Nice. Thank you.
blugyblug (http://www.instructables.com/member/blugyblug/)
Woww awesome instructable. IM gonna bookmark this.
what about no clouds? =DD
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