PreamblePreamble

ESTABLISH JUSTICEESTABLISH JUSTICE

Create a system of laws that are Create a system of laws that are fair and equal and a system to fair and equal and a system to

dispense justice (Courts)dispense justice (Courts)

ENSURE DOMESTIC ENSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITYTRANQUILITY

Provide for a system of laws that will Provide for a system of laws that will ensure peace inside America. Laws for the ensure peace inside America. Laws for the public good and law enforcementpublic good and law enforcement

PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSEDEFENSE

Create a Military for the country that is led Create a Military for the country that is led by the President.by the President.

PROMOTE THE GENERAL PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFAREWELFARE

Allow citizens the opportunity to choose Allow citizens the opportunity to choose leaders and create a system to replace leaders and create a system to replace leadership----Voting at all levels of leadership----Voting at all levels of governmentgovernment

SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTYLIBERTY

To ensure freedom not only for the present To ensure freedom not only for the present generation but also for all generations to generation but also for all generations to come.come.

Federalist 51Federalist 51[T]he great security against a gradual concentration of the several [T]he great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defence must in this, as in all other cases, be made provision for defence must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. ([1788] n.d., 337) mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. ([1788] n.d., 337)

U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution

James Madison said, “ If men were angels, noJames Madison said, “ If men were angels, no

government would be necessary.” government would be necessary.”

Meaning…Meaning…

Perfect people do not need rules. People Perfect people do not need rules. People are not perfect, therefore people need are not perfect, therefore people need rulesrules

Without rules there would be anarchy or Without rules there would be anarchy or complete chaos.(lawlessness)complete chaos.(lawlessness)

Constitution--- A plan for governmentConstitution--- A plan for government

Federal system--- Levels of governmentFederal system--- Levels of governmentOne National governmentOne National government

50 state governments50 state governments

Many local governmentsMany local governments

Republic--- A representative DemocracyRepublic--- A representative Democracy

We elect our leadersWe elect our leaders

Separation of powersSeparation of powersNational government has three partsNational government has three parts

Legislative branch (Law-makers)Legislative branch (Law-makers) Executive branch (law-enforcers)Executive branch (law-enforcers) Judicial branch (law-interpreters or explainers)Judicial branch (law-interpreters or explainers)

Legislative BranchLegislative Branch

Dick DurbinDick Durbin

Randy HultgrenRandy Hultgren Mark KirkMark KirkHouse of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives U.S. SenateU.S. Senate

U.S. SenateU.S. Senate

Executive BranchExecutive Branch

Our PresidentOur President

Barack ObamaBarack Obama

Our Vice PresidentOur Vice President

Joe BidenJoe Biden

Judicial BranchJudicial Branch

U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Supreme Court

Chief Justice is…Chief Justice is…

John RobertsJohn Roberts

Congress= House + Senate = Law-makersCongress= House + Senate = Law-makers

The Great Compromise--- Establishes a House of The Great Compromise--- Establishes a House of Representatives and a SenateRepresentatives and a Senate

Authored by Roger Sherman of ConnecticutAuthored by Roger Sherman of Connecticut

House members chosen by state populationHouse members chosen by state population Determined by a census ( counting of the people )Determined by a census ( counting of the people )

Senate members chosen equally from each state (2)Senate members chosen equally from each state (2)

Congressional electionsCongressional elections

Elections are set in the House at every 2 yearsElections are set in the House at every 2 years

Senate elections are set at 6 year intervalsSenate elections are set at 6 year intervals Approximately1/3 of Senators are up for election each Approximately1/3 of Senators are up for election each

two yearstwo years CONFUSED?CONFUSED?

The first Tuesday after the First Monday in November is The first Tuesday after the First Monday in November is election day in even numbered years.(mainly)election day in even numbered years.(mainly)

VocabularyVocabulary

Impeach--- Bring an official to trial for misconductImpeach--- Bring an official to trial for misconductThe Congress is the only group with impeachment powerThe Congress is the only group with impeachment power

House impeaches ( accuses )House impeaches ( accuses ) Senate as a JurySenate as a Jury

Bill Clinton--impeached

Richard Nixon—Almost impeached

Andrew Johnson-- impeached

CONGRESSCONGRESSDifferencesDifferences

HouseHouse 435 members435 members Represented by state Represented by state

populationpopulation 2 yr. term2 yr. term Power to impeachPower to impeach Reps. Must beReps. Must be

Age 25 or olderAge 25 or older

7 yr. citizen7 yr. citizen

SenateSenate 100 members100 members Represented equally Represented equally

by state (2)by state (2) 6 yr. term6 yr. term Jury in impeachmentJury in impeachment Senators must beSenators must be

Age 30 or olderAge 30 or older

9 yr. citizen9 yr. citizen

CONGRESSCONGRESSShared powersShared powers

1. Make Laws1. Make Laws

2. Tax2. Tax

3. Declare war3. Declare war

4. Live in the state you represent4. Live in the state you represent