Practice Questions for Function of the Urinary System-Answers

7/24/2019 Practice Questions for Function of the Urinary System-Answers

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Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

removal of organic waste products from body fluids

homeostatic regulation of the volume and solute concentration of blood plasma

introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma

elimination of waste into the environment

The openings of the urethra and the two ureters mark an area on the internal surface of the urinary

bladder called the:

renal sinus

internal urethral sphincter

trigone

external urethral sphincter

The initial factor that determines if urine production occurs is:

filtration

absorption

secretion

activation

The region of the kidney containing the renal pyramids, renal columns, and interlobar arteries iscalled the:


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renal functional unit

renal pelvis

renal cortex

renal medulla

AD stimulates the reabsorption of water in:

the collecting system

the loop of enle

the distal convoluted tubule

both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system

the renal corpuscle

The three concentric layers of connective tissue that protect and anchor the kidneys are the:

ma!or calyces, minor calyces, and renal pyramids

cortex, medulla, and papillae

renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia

hilus, renal sinus, and renal corpuscle

"lood supply to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron is provided by the:

peritubular capillaries


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afferent arterioles

segmental veins

interlobular veins

#n a nephron, the long tubular passageway through which the filtrate passes includes the:

collecting tubule, collecting duct, and papillary duct

loop of enle and the collecting and papillary ducts

renal corpuscle, renal tubule, and renal pelvis

proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loop of enle

The primary site of regulating water, sodium, and potassium ion loss in the nephron is the:

distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

glomerulus

loop of enle and collecting duct

Which of the following is not reabsorbed in the loop of enle?

potassium

sodium


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chloride

bicarbonate

The primary site for secretion of substances into the filtrate is the:


renal corpuscle


loop of enle

The filtration of plasma that generates approximately $% liters&day of filtrate occurs in the:

renal corpuscle



loop of enle

'ixty to seventy percent of the water is reabsorbed in the:

renal corpuscle




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collecting duct

The portion of the renal segment that is under AD and aldosterone stimulation is the:


vasa recta


loop of enle

Dilation of the afferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriolecauses:

an increase in the secretion of renin and erythropoietin

decrease in the glomerular filtration rate

decrease in glomerular blood pressure

elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels

Which of the following organic wastes is generated from the catabolism of amino acids?

uric acid

urea

creatinine

none of the above


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The average p for normal urine is about:

$(%

)(%

*(%

+(%

Autoregulation controls the -. by:

dilation the afferent arteriole

dilation of the glomerular capillaries

constriction of the efferent arteriole

all of the above

The pressure that represents the resistance to flow along the nephron and conducting system is the:

blood colloid osmotic pressure /"0123

capsular hydrostatic pressure /023

capsular colloid osmotic pressure /00123

glomerular hydrostatic pressure /23


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The mechanism important in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids when their concentrationsin the filtrate are relatively high is:

countertransport

active transport

facilitated transport

co4transport

The primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron is the:



renal corpuscle

loop of enle

#n countercurrent multiplication, the countercurrentrefers to the fact that an exchange occursbetween:

solute concentrations in the loop of enle

fluids moving in opposite directions

sodium ions and chloride ions

potassium and chloride ions

The result of the countercurrent multiplication mechanism is:

decreased solute concentration in descending limb of loop of enle


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#ncreased solute concentration in descending limb of loop of enle

osmotic flow of water from peritubular fluid into descending limb of loop of enle

decreased transport of sodium and chloride in ascending limb of loop of enle

When antidiuretic hormone levels rise the distal convoluted tubule becomes:

more permeable to water5 water reabsorption increases

less permeable to water5 reabsorption of water increases

less permeable to water5 reabsorption of water decreases

more permeable to water5 water reabsorption decreases

The results of the effect of aldosterone along the D0T, the collecting tubule, and the collecting ductare:

increased sodium ion excretion

increased sodium ion and water excretion

increased conservation of sodium ions and water

decreased sodium ion reabsorption in the D0T

The ureters are lined by what kind of epithelium, which allows them to be stretched whenundergoing peristalsis and moving urine?

stratified s6uamous

simple columnar


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simple cuboidal

transitional

The expanded, funnel4shaped upper end of the ureter in the kidney is the:

renal pelvis

urethra

renal calyces

renal hilus

0ontraction of the muscular bladder forces the urine out of the body through the:

ureter

nephron

urethra

penis

During the micturition reflex, increased afferent fiber activity in the pelvic nerves facilitates:

sympathetic sensory neurons in the sacral spinal cord

parasympathetic motor neurons in the sacral spinal cord

urine e!ection caused by internal and external sphincter contractions


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the action of stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder

7idney stones, or calculi, can be formed by deposits of:

uric acid

magnesium salts

calcium

all of the above

8rinary incontinence is caused by:

a lack of AD production

a prolonged increase in the -.

the loss of muscle tone in the urinary sphincter muscles

all of the above

The renal corpuscle consists of:

the cortex and the medulla

ma!or and minor calyces

"owman capsule and the glomerulus

renal columns and renal pyramids


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The filtration process within the renal corpuscle involves passage across three physical barriers, the:

capsular space, tubular pole, and macula densa

collecting tubules, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts

podocytes, pedicels, and slit pores

capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and glomerular epithelium

The thin segments in the loop of enle are:

freely permeable to water5 relatively impermeable to ions and other solutes

relatively impermeable to water5 freely permeable to ions and other solutes

freely permeable to water, ions, and other solutes

relatively impermeable to water, ions, and other solutes

The thick segments in the loop of enle contain:

diffusion mechanisms for getting rid of excess water

transport mechanisms that pump materials out of the filtrate

AD4regulated permeability

an aldosterone4regulated pump


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The collecting system in the kidney is responsible for:

creation of the medullary concentration gradient

making final ad!ustments to the sodium ion concentration and volume of urine

absorption of nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the filtrate

active secretion and reabsorption of sodium ions

Which of the following systems is not used to excrete wastes from the body?

integumentary system

respiratory system

digestive system

lymphatic system

'ympathetic innervation into the kidney is responsible for:

direct stimulation of water and sodium ion reabsorption

regulation of glomerular blood flow and pressure

stimulation of renin release

all of the above

When plasma glucose concentrations are higher than the renal threshold, glucose concentrations inthe filtrate exceed the tubular maximum /Tm3 and:

the glucose is filtered out at the glomerulus


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the individual has eaten excessive amounts of sweets

glucose appears in the urine

glucose is transported across the membrane by countertransport

The outward pressure forcing water and solute molecules across the glomerulus wall is the:

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

blood osmotic pressure

capsular hydrostatic pressure

filtration pressure

The opposing forces of the filtration pressure at the glomerulus are the:

glomerular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure

blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate

capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure

capsular hydrostatic pressure and glomerular hydrostatic pressure

At a volume of 99999999 m, there may be sufficient pressure in the bladder to force the opening ofthe internal urinary sphincter, and conse6uently the external urinary sphincter(

)%%

;%%


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15/16

increase in the number of sodium ions lost in the urine

countercurrent multiplication

The high osmotic concentrations found in the kidney medulla are primarily caused by the presenceof:

sodium ions, chloride ions, and urea

excessive amounts of water

hydrogen and ammonium ions

all of the above

As a means of regulating p, which of the following would not be secreted into the fluid in thecollecting system?

all of the above

bicarbonate

iron

hydrogen

Angiotensin ## is a potent hormone that:

causes constriction of the efferent arteriole at the nephron

triggers the release of AD in the 0>'

stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex and epinephrine by the adrenalmedulla


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all of the above

'ympathetic innervation of the afferent arterioles causes a/n3:

decrease in -. and slowing of filtrate production

increase in -. and a slowing of filtrate production

decrease in -. and an increase in filtrate production

increase in -. and an increase in filtrate production

During periods of strenuous exercise, sympathetic activation causes the blood flow to:

cause an increase in -.

decrease to skin and skeletal muscles5 increase to kidneys

be shunted toward the kidneys

increase to skin and skeletal muscles5 decrease to kidneys

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Practice Questions for Function of the Urinary System-Answers