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[PPT]API RP 14C Konvertert/Helse, miljø... · Web viewTitle API RP 14C Author Are Herstad Last modified by Peter Sassan Johanson Created Date 7/10/2003 3:16:39 PM Document presentation

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Page 1: [PPT]API RP 14C Konvertert/Helse, miljø... · Web viewTitle API RP 14C Author Are Herstad Last modified by Peter Sassan Johanson Created Date 7/10/2003 3:16:39 PM Document presentation
Page 2: [PPT]API RP 14C Konvertert/Helse, miljø... · Web viewTitle API RP 14C Author Are Herstad Last modified by Peter Sassan Johanson Created Date 7/10/2003 3:16:39 PM Document presentation

Risiko knyttet til gassutslipp under vann

Scandpower Risk Management AS

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Estimering av risiko

- Det undersjøiske gassutslippet - Olga v. 5

- Spredningen av gass i vann- Egenutviklet transient gass plume modell

- Spredning av gass i atmosfæren - CFD verktøy (Kameleon Firex eller Flacs)

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Det undersjøiske gassutslippet

Bestemmes av Olga v. 5.

Input:- komposisjon på fluiden- rørlengde, diameter og veggruhet- varmeovergangstall- internt trykk og temperatur

- massestrøm- hullstørrelse- isoleringspunkter og tid

Output:- massestrøm av gass og væske som funksjon

av tid

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Undersjøisk gasspredning

Meget kompleks fysikk

– soniske hastigheter i utslippet– kraftig turbulens– flerfase

den undersjøiske gasspredningen blir gjenstand for relativt grov modellering basert på eksperimentelle data

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Scandpower’s transiente undersjøiske gass plume modell

Plume fysikk og modellerte faser

1. start av gass plume (initial betingelse)2. stigende boblekrone (cap)3. boblekronen når overflaten og slipper ut gass til

atmosfæren4. ”quasi-stasjonært” gassutslipp fra gassplume

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Plume fysikk og modellering 1. start av gass plume simulering (initial betingelse)

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Plume fysikk og modellering 2. stigende boblekrone

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Plume fysikk og modellering 3. boblekronen når overflaten og slipper ut gass til atmosfæren

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Plume fysikk og modellering 3. ”quasi-stasjonært” gassutslipp fra gass plume

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Modelling details Basert på M.S.G. Bettelini and T.K. Fanneløp: "Underwater Plume from an

Instantaneously Started Source", Applied Ocean Research 15 (1993) 195-206.

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Modelleringsdetaljer, boblekrone

Transport ligninger for boblekronen

Kontinuitet

Bevegelsesmengde

plume fra masse nginntrengni fra masseb34

dtd 3

cc

setileggsmas fra goppbremsin - drag iskhydrodynam -

plume fra overføring mengdebevegelseskrefter oppdriftswbdtd

c3c

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Modelleringsdetaljer, gass plume

Antar gaussisk hastighetsprofil

Wp(z) finnes fra normalisert hastighet funnet fra eksperimenter

zb

)b/rexp()z(w)r,z(w~

pp

2p

2pp

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Modelleringsdetaljer, gass plume

2.2W,2P

1mgWw31

2b0g0

2releasew

2

p

Fanneløp's normalised plume calculations

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Non-dimensional depth, X

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Non

-dim

ensi

onal

vel

ocity

, W

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Modelleringsdetaljer, gass plume

Masse gass gjennom et horisontalt tverrsnitt er like gass utslippet ved tid 1 = nåværende tid – stigetid til horisontalt tverrsnitt basert på plume hastighet ved utslippet tid 1. (Iterasjon nødvendig)

Noen konstanter:

αp = 0.14, αc= 0.15, slip hastighet = 0.3 m/s

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Modelleringsdetaljer, horisontal defleksjon av plume

Antar potensialstrømning mot overflaten

Kr ½ UrKz- W

.

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Modelleringsdetaljer, horisontal defleksjon av plume

Antar potensialstrømning mot overflaten

Kr ½ UrKz- W

.

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Resultater fra test casene

Fullt brudd utslipp

Figure: Release at bottom

.

Full rupture gas mass rate

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00

Time [s]

[kg/

s]

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Resultater fra test casene

Fullt brudd utslipp på overflaten 70m dyp

Figure: Mass Release at Surface 70m

.

Mass Flow Through Surface

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time (s)

Mas

s Fl

ow (k

g/s)

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Resultater fra test casene

Fullt brudd utslipp på overflaten 70m dyp

Figure: Mass flux at the surface 70m

.

Mass flux through surface as a function of time and radius

0.0E+00

2.0E-01

4.0E-01

6.0E-01

8.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.2E+00

1.4E+00

1.6E+00

1.8E+00

0 50 100 150

radius [m]

Mas

se fl

uks

[kg/

s*m

^2]

8

13

18

23

33

132

152

201

Time (s)

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Resultater fra test casene

Fullt brudd utslipp på overflaten 300m dyp

Figure: Mass Release at Surface 300m

.

Mass Flow Through Surface

0.0

2000.0

4000.0

6000.0

8000.0

10000.0

12000.0

14000.0

16000.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Time (s)

Mas

s Fl

ow (k

g/s)

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Resultater fra test casene

Fullt brudd utslipp på overflaten 300m dyp

Figure: Mass flux at the surface 300m

.

Mass flux through surface as a function of time and radius

0.0E+00

5.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.5E-01

2.0E-01

2.5E-01

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

radius [m]

Mas

se fl

uks

[kg/

s*m

^2]

46

56

66

76

96

195

215

264

Time (s)

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Resultater fra test casene

Overflateutslipp for en 50 kg/s masse rate på 70m dyp

Figure: Mass Release at Surface 70m

.

Mass Flow Through Surface

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Time (s)

Mas

s Fl

ow (k

g/s)

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Resultater fra test casene

Overflateutslipp for en 50 kg/s masse rate på 70m dyp

Figure: Mass flux at the surface 70m

.

Mass flux through surface

0.0E+00

5.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.5E-02

2.0E-02

2.5E-02

0 50 100

radius [m]

Mas

se fl

uks

[kg/

s*m

^2]

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Resultater fra test casene

Overflateutslipp for en 50 kg/s masse rate på 300m dyp

Figure: Mass Release at Surface 300m

.

Mass Flow Through Surface

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Time (s)

Mas

s Fl

ow (k

g/s)

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Resultater fra test casene

Overflateutslipp for en 50 kg/s masse rate på 300m dyp

Figure: Mass flux at the surface 300m

.

Mass flux through surface

0.0E+00

5.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.5E-03

2.0E-03

2.5E-03

3.0E-03

0 50 100 150 200 250

radius [m]

Mas

se fl

uks

[kg/

s*m

^2]

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Gass spredning i atmosfæren

Beregnes med CFD verktøyet Kameleon Firex 2005 som er en tredimensjonal Navier-Stokes løser

- Masseraten fra gass plume modellen eksporteres i filer som kan leses av Kameleon Firex

- Gass utslippsprofilet tilnærmes typisk med 5 smultringer med konstant masseflux

- Gass spredningen kan studeres for forskjellige vindhastigheter, gasstettheter og stabilititetsnivå for atmosfæren

.

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Gass spredning i atmosfæren

Beregningsområde:

.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

. Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 100s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

. Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 140s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

. Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 200s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Horizontal projection of the gas cloud about 200s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 7m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Horizontal projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 7m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 15 m/s wind.

Horizontal projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 15 m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

. Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 240s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 300m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 300m depth and 7m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 300m depth and 7m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 15m/s wind.

Horizontal projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the full rupture case, 70m depth and 15m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the 50kg/s release rate case, 70m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 50s after the gas reaches the surface for the 50kg/s release rate case, 70m depth and 7m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the 50kg/s release rate case, 70m depth and 7m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 40s after the gas reaches the surface for the 50kg/s release rate case, 70m depth and 15m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 300s after the gas reaches the surface for the 50kg/s release rate case, 70m depth and 15m/s wind.

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Resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Vertical projection of the gas cloud about 50s after the gas reaches the surface for the 50kg/s release rate case, 300m depth and 2m/s wind.

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Oppsummering resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Maksimal horisontal distanse til ½LEL and LEL

Case Dyp LEL ½LEL

Full brudd 70 m 1800 (15m/s) 2600 (15 m/s)

Full brudd 300 m 2000 (15 m/s) 2800(15 m/s)

50 kg/s 70 m 120 (2 m/s) 170 (2 m/s)

50 kg/s 300 m 0 0

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Oppsummering resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

.

Maksimal vertikal distanse til ½LEL and LEL

Case Dyp LEL ½LEL

Full brudd 70 m 900 (2m/s) 1200 (2 m/s)

Full brudd 300 m 750 (2 m/s) 1100 (2 m/s)

50 kg/s 70 m 50 (2 m/s) 60 (2 m/s)

50 kg/s 300 m 0 0

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Oppsummering resultater fra gass spredning i atmosfæren

Fullt brudd:

- Vertikaldistanse til LEL and ½ LEL er større for små dyp som følge av et mer konsentrert gassutslipp- Maksimal horisontal distanse varierer ikke mye med de to dypene som er undersøkt. - Sterk samvirkning mellom gassky og vind i atmosfæren for store uslipp og liten vind (ikke stasjonært)

50kg/s lekkasje:

- For et dyp på 300m og vindhastigheter ned i 2m/s er disse funnet ufarlig- For et dyp på 70 m og en vindhastighet på 2m/s dannes det en gassky på overflaten som er over 100 m lang ved en vindhastigheten på 2m/s. For en vindhastighet på 7 m/s får man en horisontal LEL distanse på 50 meter idet boblekronen når overflaten. Etterpå blir horisontal avstand til LEL konsentrasjon ca 30 m.

.

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