Upload
ngotu
View
221
Download
4
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
HOOVEN&BOG&&Past,&Present,&and&Future&
An&Important&Win&for&Rare&Habitat&Conserva:on&Sarah&Spear&Cooke&
Hooven&Bog&Loca:on&Map&• Hooven&Bog:&a&category&1&wetland&
• Located&in&southeast&Snohomish&County&near&Woodinville&
• One&of&the&headwaters&of&Bear&Creek&&
• WRIA&8&
Project&Site&
Hooven&Bog&Site&Map&
Bog&
• 37.61&acres&• Over&24&plus&acres&of&bog/fen&
County&land&purchase&
Future&Interpre:ve¢er&
Fen&
&&• Hooven&bog&is&part&
of&a&wildlife&/wetland&corridor&in&the®ion&including&DNR&forested&wetlands&and&Crystal&Lake/Bog.&This&con:nues&to&the&Cascade&foothills.&
• It&is&a&Headwater&for&the&Big&Bear&Creek&System&that&drains&east&through&Crystal&Lake,&Daniels&Creek,&CoUage&Lake&to&Bear&Creek.&
Ecology&in&the&Landscape&
Why&is&Hooven&Bog&“Special”&
• Hooven&Bog&is&a&Category&1&bog/fen&wetland&AND&it&has&an&inXtact&mature&forest&on&greater&than&½&it’s&&periphery.&&This&is&EXTREMELY&rare&in&the&PNW.&
• Hooven&Bog&has&three&+&DIFFERENT&bog&plant&communi:es.&Typically&bogs&have&only&1X2.&
• Hooven&has&an&ETS&listed&rare&plant&Utricularia)intermedia.)
• Hoven&is&a&headwaters&to&a&very&important&stream&system&Big&Bear&Creek.&
The)plants/plant)communi5es)found)at)Hooven)are)rare)and)of)Statewide)importance)even)for)a)bog!&
Wetland&Defini:ons&salient&to&Hooven& Bog:&A&special&category&of&wetlands&in&which&the&rate&of&
accumula:on&of&organic&maUer&exceeds&the&rate&of&decomposi:on.&Specifically&for&Hooven,&it&iden:fies&a&highly&acidic&wetland&dominated&by&a&dense&growth&of&sphagnum&moss,&underlain&by&sphagnum&peat&rather&than&mineral&soils.&This&is&the&most&rare&of&wetland&types&we&have&in&the&PNW,&and&Hooven&is&rare&even&for&a&bog.&
Fen:&The&term&"fen"&refers&to&wetlands&that&also&&&&&&accumulate&organic&material&in&the&form&of&peat,&but&are&&&&&&less&acidic&(more&neutral&pH)&and&are¬&dominated&by&&&&&&
Sphagnum&moss,&rather&they&are&dominated&by&sedges,&rushes,&grasses,&and&different&nonXacid&producing&mosses.&
&&&&&&
Bogs&form&in&specific&environmental&situa>ons:&
• precipita:on&exceeds&evapora:on&• drainage&is&poor&(plateaus,&drainage÷s)&• poor&soils,&usually&glaciated&• o@en&form&in&keBle&holes&(compacted&gravel&lined&depressions)&le@&&
&&&&&by&melted&glacial&ice&• cool&temperatures&
Development&Impacts&over&:me&• 1974X5.&Property&Purchased&in&1974&by&developer&• Original&road&fill&in&wetland&done&as&a&corrugated&road&&(wood&logs&with&gravel&fill&in&between)&• Mid&1976:&&The&road&crossing&Hooven&Bog&is&no&longer&useable&(higher&water&levels&caused&by&
beaver&ac:vity).&• 2000’s.&&Southern&uplands&forested&understory&is&widely&damaged&due&to&earthmoving&
equipment&in&the&NGPA&buffer&areas&of&the&bog.&Over&and&over&and&over&• 2007&(September).&&Applica:ons&submiUed&for&building&5&houses&on&the&southern&uplands&
and&removing&the&mature&forest&buffer&to&the&bog.&• 2009&(June).&&Illegal&fill&placed&along&the&roadway&and&along&the&southern&border&of&the&
property&in&the&forested&buffer.&&Major&damage&to&Wetland&due&to&crushed&concrete&physical&and&chemical&changes&to&the&water.&Excavated&a&ditch&on&either&side&of&road.&
• 2010:&&Ongoing&removal&by&Developer&of&illegal&fill&under&threat&of&fines&by&DOE&and&ACOE.&&Fill&removal&incomplete&but&accepted&by&DOE&and&ACOE&by&December&2010.&Concrete&con:nues&to&leach&to&this&day.&
• May&2012:&&Illegal&Bulldozer&ac:vity&in&upland&forest&NGPA&areas.&County&comes&out&amer&ac:vity&is&done&and&des&NOT&require&them&to&remove&fill&or&fix&illegal&roads.&
• 2013.&pasture&property&road&put&in&and&new&culverts&placed&that&flow&to&ditches&along&road&and&into&the&the&&edge&of&Hooven.&More&trees&removed&illegally.&
Threat&to&Species&or&Communi>es&
&&
Removal&of&upland&mature&forest&for&>mber&was&an&imminent&threat&un>l&the&sale.&
New&road&placed&over&wetland&and&buffer&cause&Point&Source&Pollu:on&and&drainage&adds&sediment&to&wetland,&killing&plants.&&
Disturbing&the&mature&forest&community&for&development&inves:ga:ons&compacted&the&soil&and&removed&understory&plants&and&allowed&weeds&to&spread.&
Filling&the&road&with&recycled&concrete&rubble&changed&the&chemistry&of&the&bog&and&na:ve&wetland&plants&are&being&replaced&by&invasive&species&&
&&
Direct/Indirect&Impacts&to&Hooven&and&Buffer&
Hooven&BogX&Impacts&
• binding&of&ca:ons&by&sphagnum&moss&• buffering&system&impact,&change&from&organic&acids&to&bicarbonate&
• increase&D.O.&(dissolved&Oxygen)&• increase&bacteria,&decomposi:on&rates&more&water&level&fluctua:on,&higher&winter&water&level&in&some&systems&
• higher&nutrientsXfavor&more&typical&&invasive&emergents&
Surface&runoff,&concrete,&&&bogsX&What&happens&
Why&are&all&these&Impacts&Important?&
Peat&Bogs&CANNOT&be&recreated&by&humans&or&restored&once&they&have&been&destroyed.&&&
• Growth&rate&is&SLOW&&• Impacted&easily&in&urban/suburban&environments&&• One&of&very&few&preserved,&peat&bogs&remaining&in&Snohomish&County.&
• Important&for&flood&preven:on/reten:on,&biofiltra:on,&temperature®ula:on,&and&animal&habitat.&
Lawsuits&against&the&County&Become&a&Problem&
• 2007.&Road&built&to&connect&outside&world&with&2&parcels.&&Legal?&• PreT2009.&Original&Building&Permit&submiUed.&• September&to&November&2009:&&Original&building&applica:ons&expire&and&then&
reinstated&by&PDS&2&months&later.&• &June&2011.&Lawsuit&against&SnoCo&by&developer&is&seUled&with&resultant&extension&
of&original&building&permit&applica:ons&again.&• May&9,&2012.&&Building&permit&applica:ons&again&expired&but¬&extended.&• November&2012.&Appeal&before&Hearing&Examiner&of&grading&permit&for&removal&of&
illegal&fill&in&2009.&&Hearing&Examiner&decision&that&the&grading&permit&could¬&be&issued&under&evalua:on&of&the&2007&CAR.&
• April&to&November&2013.&&Superior&Court&Order&for&Par:al&Summary&Judgement&issued&affirming&Hearing&Examiner&decision&about&ves:ng&of&the&grading&permit.&&Superior&Court&later&rescinded&this&decision.&&Superior&Court&Hearing&in&July&with&Court&Order&issued&in&November&reversing&the&Hearing&Examiner&Decisions.&
• February&2014:&&Hearing&on&a&Mo:on&for&Discre:onary&Review&of&Superior&Court&Decision&before&the&Appellate&Court&Commissioner.&Decision&Pending&
• June&2014.&Land&Purchased&ending&the&legal&BaUle&
Importance&of&Acquisi>on&to&Protec>on&and&Recovery&
Had&the&previous&owners&con:nued&to&own&the&land:&• The&upland&mature&forest&would&have&been&logged.&• The&concrete&rubble&would&have&con:nued&to&leach&CaCO3&
changing&the&bog&chemistry&and&who&knows?&&Possibly&killing&the&bog&in&the¬Xtoo&distant&future.&
• New&roads&would&have&con:nued&to&be&built&and&discharge&pointTsource&pollu>on&causing&other&water&quality&problems&
• The&invasive&iris&would&con>nue&to&spread.&Likely&beyond&the&ability&to&ever&control&it&and&thus°rading&the&bog&
• With&changes&in®ula:ons&the&possibility&of&developing&the&southern&buffer&would&have&always&remained.&
&
Species&and&Communi>es&with&Special&Status&
Ecological&and&Biological&Characteris:cs&
• BogX&at&least&3+&recognized&communi:es&• FenX&peripheral&plant&communi:es&that&are&NOT&dominated&by&Sphagnum&peat&
• Shrub&communi:es&• Emergent&communi:es&• Forested&communi:es&
Hooven contains many types of wetland plant communities:
&Fish&and&Wildlife&species&and&or&communi>es&& Beaver,&River&
oBer,&redTlegged&frogs,&Heron,&Redwing&blackbirds,&redTtailed&hawk,&kingfisher,&osprey,&teal,&and&12&other&bird&species!&
Ecological&and&Biological&Characteris:cs&
PresentT&Wetland&
• Rare&Hippuris&emergent&community&to&the&north&• Scrubshrub&community&around&periphery&mostly&intact&except&for&weeds&
• Iris&invasion&in&emergent&wetlands&and&star:ng&to&encroach&on&fen&
• Other&emergent&communi:es&around&periphery&• Western&bog&edge&has&been&filled&for&a&road.&&Historically&it&was&a&“corduroy”&road&but&previous&owner&filled&the&road&with&concrete&rubble&and&expanded&the&footprint&to&18+&feet.&
Condi>on&of&the&Wetland&today&includes:&(other&than&the&bog)&
Hooven
&Bog&
Rarity&Rare&plant&communi>es:&The&Natural&Heritage&Program&rated&Hooven&Bog&with&both&a&state&and&interna>onal&conserva>on&ranking.&&• Three&documented&(but&likely&more)&rare&vegeta:on&
communi:es&in&the&bog&complex.&& Ledum&groenlandicum&–&Kalmiaµphylla&/&Sphagnum&spp.&Shrubland&
Kalmiaµphylla&–&Vaccinium&oxycoccos&/&Sphagnum&spp.&DwarfXshrubland&
Pinus&contorta&var.&contorta&/&Ledum&groenlandicum&/&Sphagnum&spp.&Woodland&
• More&plant&communi:es&in&the&fen&and&associated&emergent,&shrub&and&aqua:c&bed&habitats.&
• Undocumented&popula:on&of&mare’s&tale&(Hippuris&vulgaris)&Rare&plants:&• Utricularia&intermedia&&
2.&Species&&&Communi>es&with&Special&Status&
Very&few&bogs&contain&this&much&diversity.&&
Hooven
&Bog&
Wa DNR Natural Heritage Preliminary Study found : Element&Type&
Element&&
Global&Conservatn&Status&Rank*&
&
State&Conservatn&
Status&Rank*&
&
Ecological&Integrity&Rank**&
Comments&&
Rare&Plant& Utricularia&intermedia& G5& S2&(State&
Sensi:ve)&
n/a& This&species&is&along&bog&mat&margin.&This&is&a&newly&loca:on&for&this&plant&in&Wa.&There&are&11&other&known&occurrences&in&the&State.&
Rare/Highquality&
Plant&Community&
Ledum&Groenlandicum&&
Kalmiaµphylla&/&Sphagnum&spp.&
Shrubland&
G4& S3& B& &The&type&has&18&known&occurrences&in&the&State.&This&is&a&new&occurrence.&This&community&occupies&much&of&the&bog&‘mat’&and&mixes&with&the&bog&woodland&(see&below).&
Rare/Highquality&Plant&Community&
Kalmiaµphylla&–&Vaccinium&oxycoccos&/&Sphagnum&spp.&DwarfXshrubland&
GNR&(not&ranked&yet)&
SNR&(not&ranked&but&likely&a&S1&or&
S2)&
B&&
There&are&10&other&known&occurrences&of&this&plant&community&type&in&the&State.&This&is&a&new&occurrence.&This&is&an&early&seral&plant&community&found&near&the&small&pond&found&on&the&bog&mat&
Rare/Highquality&Plant&Community&
Pinus&contorta&var.&contorta&/&Ledum&groenlandicum&/&Sphagnum&spp.&Woodland&
G3& S2& B& There&are&11&other&known&occurrences&of&this&plant&community&type&in&the&State.&This&is&a&new&occurrence.&It&is&a&lateXsuccessional&bog&plant&community.&
*For&informa>on&about&the&ranks&in&the&table&above&please&see:&hBp://www1.dnr.wa.gov/nhp/refdesk/lists/stat_rank.html&;&G5&is&a&globally&common&&element&whereas&a&G1&would&be&a&very&rare&or&globally&imperiled&element.&S&=&the&same&rank&concepts&but&constrained&to&Washington.&Thus&G5&S2&for&Utricularia&intermedia&indicates&that&this&species&is&rare&or&vulnerable&in&Washington&but&is&quite&common&throughout&its&global&range.&**&The&Ecological&Integrity&Rank&(EIA)&is&a&rapid&assessment&of&the&ecological&condi>on&or&quality&of&a&plant&community.&A&=Excellent,&B=Good,&&C=Fair,&and&D=Poor&integrity.&
Plants&
Bog&mat&and&margin&Trees&• Pinus)contorta)var)contorta&• Pinus)mon5cola&• Betula)papyrifera&• Rhamnus)purshiana)(seedling)&• Thuja)plicata&• Rusga)heterophylla&• &&Shrubs&• Gaultheria)shallon&• Kalmia)microphylla)ssp.)Occidentalis&• Lonicera)involucrate&• Rhodendron)groenlandicum&• Rubus)spectabilis&• Vaccinium))oxycoccos)var.)intermedius&• Vaccinium)corymbosum&• Rubus)ursinus&• Spriea)douglasii&• Sorbus)sp)(seedling)&
Mosses&and&ferns&• Athyrium)felixLfemina&• Sphagnum)(magellanicum,)compactum,)papillosum,)
angus5folium,)girgensohnii,)fuscum,)capillifolium)var.)tenellum))are&my&guesses&but&I&don’t&own&a&compoundµscope&so&I&may&only&be&able&to&verify&a&few&
• Pleurozium)schreberi&• Climacium)dendroides&
&Lichen&• Cladina)rangiferina&&Herbs&• Menyanthes)trifoliata)var.)trifoliata&• Brasenia)schreberi&• Drosera)rotundifolia)var.)rotundifolia&• Galium)trifidum&• Hippuri)vulgaris&• Hypericum)anagalloides&• Iris)pseudacorus&• Lemna)minor&• Epilobium)angus5folium&• Ludwigia)palustris&• Lycopus)uniflorus&• Nuphar)luteum)ssp.)Polysepalum&• Oenanthe)sarmentosa&• Polygonum)spp.)(Possibly))hydropiper&• Poten5lla)palustris&• Sparganium)emersum)ssp.)Emersum&• Trientalis)arc5ca&• Typha)la5folia&• Utricularia)minor&• Utricularia)vulgaris&• Utricularia)intermedia&• Veronica)scutellata&• Juncus)effuses&• Juncus)supiniformis)?&&• Rhynchosora)alba&• Eriophorum)chamissonis&• Scirpus)atrocinctus)&• Carex)canescens&• Carex)cusickii&
Preliminary&list&includes&57+&species&just&on&the&bog.&&Including&the&fen&and&other&areas&the&wetland&has&over&150&species.&The&buffer&45+&&species.&This&amount&of&species&richness&is&very&rare&
2.&Species&and&Communi>es&with&Special&Status&
Wetland&Communi:es&
Mare’s&Tail&
Emergent&sedges,&brasenia,&utricularia,&ludwigia….&
Rush&and&sedge&and&herbaceous&
Invasive&weeds&Yellow&Flag&Iris,&Reed&Canarygrass,&&
Marsh&Cinquefoil,&Beggar’s&:ck,&Purple&loosestrife&
Condi>on&of&&the&Present&Upland&• Mature&Forest&NE&&&East&edge&on&DNR&land.&Rela:vely&unXdisturbed&except&for&a&few&trees&removed&recently&
• Mature&Forest&along&South&edge.&±&disturbed&due&to&clearing&and&grading&and&digging&perk&pits.&
• Mown&pasture&to&West.&Disturbed.&
• Sculpted&lawns&right&to&water’s&edge&along&north.&Disturbed.&
&
Wetland&Disturbed&Areas&
&" Concrete&&&&&&rubble&in&road&bed&will&be&removedX&in&the&next&year&
&" Road&across&west&lobe&&&&&&(May&be&removed&with&:me)&
Where&do&we&go&from&here?T&The&Immediate&needs& Stop&and&treat&the&Point&Source&discharge&delivering&
sediment&from&the&new&road&on&the&parcel&to&the&southwest.& Remove&concrete&rubble&along&the&bog&road&but&s:ll&maintain&
a&path&for&community&to&enjoy.& Remove&the&weeds,&especially&yellow&flag&iris.& Develop&a&systema:c&Restora>on&plan&that&includes&both&the&
wetland&and&upland&areas.&
&
Hooven&BogXFuture&
Maintaining&this&rare&habitat&and&the&community&diversity&for&future&genera>ons&
Hooven&BogXFuture&Immediate&NeedsT&Work&on&neighbors&to&be&good&stewards&by&restoring&the&buffer&on&their&proper>es.&
Through&educa>on&of&the&neighbors&help&them:& To&understand&why&they&should¬&use&fer:lizers,&
herbicides,&and&pes:cides&on&their&proper:es.& Replant&the&near&shore&buffer&or&their&lots&with&na:ve&
plants&that&will&buffer&the&water’s&edge.& To&limit&their&ac:vi:es&in&the&bog&to&passive&ones.&&No&
kayaking,&no&fishing,&and&no&waking&on&the&bog&mat.&
Hooven&BogXFuture&
AND&Assemble&a&Stewardship&CommiUee&that&meets®ularly&to&develop&a&Master&Plan&for&Hooven&Bog&CommiUee&could&consist&of&County&and&Stakeholders&in&the&community&including:&Neighbors,&Washington&Na:ve&Plant&Society,&Pilchuck&Audubon,&SnoXKing&Watershed&Council&and&???&
Where&do&we&go&from&here?T&2014&
County&Surface&Water&Management&(SWM)&staff&have&already&done&an&assessment&on&the&drainage&to&stop&Point&Source&
discharges&into&Hooven&
Drainage&point&from&the&ditch&along&the&south&side&of&the&gravel&road&discharge&to&well&vegetated&areas,&so&nutrients&are&likely¬&an&issue.&&The&excep:on&might&be&the&drainage&that&follows&the&north&South&road.&&It&would&be&recommended&to&redirect&the&culvert&into&the&wooded&loca:on&to&the&east&of&the&northXsouth&road.&
SWM&staff&have&already&done&an&assessment&on&the&chemistry&to&help&track&issues&with&the&concrete&
rubble&Measured&pH&and&Conduc>vity&at&Selected&Sites&&
Replant&areas&where&weeds&encroached&in&the&wetland&once&the&concrete&has&been&removed.&Following&the&restora>on&plan:&
• Replant&na:ve&shrubs&and&herbs&in&the&wetland&along&both&sides&of&the&road&all&the&way&to&the&bog&mat.&
• Track&that&no&species&become&invasive&once&the&concrete&rubble&is&removed&and&con:nue&maintenance&to&limit&any&future&spread.&&
Manageability&and&Viability&Tasks&for&2015&
Restoring&the&fen&and&bog&edge&por>ons&to&preTimpact&condi>ons&&
Replant&the&upland&buffer&areas&cleared&by&previous&landowner&on&the&30Tacre&parcel&in&the&uplands.&&Following&the&restora>on&plan:&
• Fill&in&the&road&along&the&southern&edge&of&the&parcel&and&replant.&
• Fill&in&the&perk&pits&and&replant.&• Replant&the&trees&that&were&removed.&• Replant&the&understory&disturbed&during&the&
development&explora:on&phase&of&the&project.&• Con:nue&weed&removal&on&a®ular&basis&
Hooven&BogXFuture&Upland&goals&for&2015&
Restoring&the&mature&forest&to&preTimpact&condi>ons&&
Con>nue&mapping,&taking&censuses&of&plants&and&animals&and&have&the&oversight&commiBee&con>nue&a&systema>c&restora>on&under&a&site&Management&Plan.&&&
Manageability&and&Viability&
wildlife&surveys&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Removal&of&invasive&plants&&&&&&&&&&&&Educa:on&and&research&
Ongoing&Stewardship&
Current&iris&removal&plan&
Obtain&grants&to&help&the&County&fund&restora>on&and&educa>on&ac>vi>es&at&Hooven.&&
Hooven&BogXFuture&
• Develop&Goals&for&Hooven&Bog&that&will&carry&forward&the&Restora>on&and&con>nued&survival&of&the&bog&for&genera>ons&to&come.&
• Obtain&Grants&to&fund&restora>on&and&educa>on&ac>vi>es&at&the&bog.&
• Replant&areas&cleared&by&previous&landowner&on&the&30Tacre&parcel&in&the&uplands.&
• Replant&areas&where&weeds&encroached&in&the&wetland.&• Work&on&neighbors&to&be&good&stewards&by&restoring&the&
buffer&on&their&proper>es.&
Ongoing&stewardship&
Hooven&BogXFuture&Obtain&Grants&to&fund&restora>on&and&educa>on&ac>vi>es&at&the&bog.&Restora>onT&Con>nued&restora>on&through&weeding,&filling&perk&pits,&and&replan>ng&the&disturbed&understory&of&the&&parcel&to&the&south&and&replan>ng&the&buffer&on&the&parcel&to&the&southwest.&&Con>nued&MaintenanceT&weeding&will&need&to&con>nue&for&many&years&both&in&the&wetland&and&in&the&buffers.&
Public&Use&
&
&
Passive&recrea:on&only&(bird&and&scenery&observing&from&overlook&from&the&property&to&the&west&&
Road&will&be&converted&to&a&path&for&&walking.&
Educa:on&&&Research/&Volunteers&&&&Stewardship.&
Educa>onal&Opportuni>es&• Educa:on&through&signage&and&involving&local&schools&including&UW&Bothell&students.&
• Learning&and&understanding&the&dynamics&of&wetland/bog&system&on&the&ecology&and&the&environment.&
• Understand&why&they&should¬&use&fer:lizers,&herbicides,&and&pes:cides&on&their&proper:es.&
• Impacts&from&development&in&and&around&sensi:ve&areas.&
Hooven&BogXFuture&