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STRUGGLE & FREEDOM
06
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Non-Violence
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Gandhi in
South Africa
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Gandhi could gain the Trust & Respect
of the Common People of India....
Involvement in the Problems of
Indians in South Africa
His Protest in South Africa
He Lived among the Common
( Food, Clothing, Language…)
Common People Found him as a
Saviour
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Activity 1 (Group Discussion)
Divide the Class in to Three Groups. Discuss the
Early Struggles of Gandhi based on these Points
and Prepare a Note
1. Champaran Struggle
2. Ahmedabad Cotton Mill Struggle
3. Peasant Struggle in kheda
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In Champaran (Bihar) 1917
Economic Problems of Indigo Farmers
He Launched 1st
Satyahraha there
Govt. appointed a Committee
Problems of Peasants were Resolved
After Struggle he worked for them
By establishing Primary School
By Initiating Medical Aids
By Involving in Cleaning activities
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In Ahmedabad
(Gujarat) 1918
Cotton Mill Workers
They were Denied
Plague Bonus
Gandhi used
Satyagraha as a tool
Authorities Agreed to
Hike the Wages
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In Kheda
(Gujarat) 1918
Farmers
Due to Drought &
Crop Failure
Rulers Decided
to Collect Tax
Gandhi used Satyagraha and asked
them not to Pay Tax
Authorities agreed to Reduce the Tax
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Activity 1 (Group Activity – Consolidation )
Early Struggle of Gandhi
o All were Regional & Economic issues
o He used Disobedience & Satyagraha
o Ensured the help of Local Leaders
o His Method of Struggle was
accepted by Everyone
o People believed that Gandhi could
solve all their Problems
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Results of the Early Struggle of Gandhi
o People understood his Ideology &
Method of Struggles
o Common People were attracted to
the National Movement
o City centric National Movement
spread to Rural Areas
o Gandhi became a National Leader
acceptable to All
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Activity 2 (Group Discussion)
Divide the Class in to Groups. Discuss about
these points and make a short note
1. Rowlatt Act
2. Jallianwala Bagh
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Rowlatt Act 1919
By Sydney Rowlatt
To Prevent Extreme Activities
Limited the Civil Rights
Any Person could be Arrested &
Imprisoned without Trial
Gandhi Suggested Satyagraha
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Gen.Dyer
Bullet marks on the walls
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Jallianwala Bagh
memorial,Amritsar
The narrow
lane used for
entering the
park premises.
1650 rounds of bullets
were fired by troops on
20,000 innocent people.
Bullet
marks on
the walls of
the park
premises
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Activity 2 (Group Activity – Consolidation )
Towards the National Movement
o Rowlatt Act was an example for the
violation of Human Rights by British
o The Worst example of the British
approach was Jallianwala Bagh (1919)
o Jallianwala Bagh incident Intensified
the Protests at the National Level
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Non-
Cooperation
Movement
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1st
National
Level
struggle
by INC
Led by
Gandhi
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Activity 3 (Listing the Points)
What were the Characteristics of Non-
Cooperation Movement
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Non-
Cooperation
Movement
Lawyers shall
Boycott Courts
Students shall
boycott English
Schools
Boycott
Elections
Returning the
British Awards
and Prizes
The Public shall
Boycott Foreign
Products
Denial of
Taxes
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People Responded to Gandhi’s Appeal
for Non-Cooperation
Farmers Refused to Pay Tax (Awadh)
Tribal People entered the Forest & Collected
Forest Products (Andhra)
Farmers Refused to carry luggage of the Colonial
Officials (Uttar Pradesh)
Workers Struck Work
Lawyers Boycotted Courts
Students Quitted British Schools & Colleges
Public burnt Foreign Cloths
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Gandhi Motivated the People to
Participate in Constructive Programmes
To Make Indigenous Products
To Spin Khadi by Charka
To Establish National Schools
To Popularise Hindi
To Eradicate Untouchability
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Jamia Millia
Gujarat Vidya Pith
Kashi Vidya Pith
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Caliph Abdülmecid II,
the last caliph who
held the office from
1922 to 1924
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Maulana Mohamad Ali
& Shoukath Ali
As a part of National
Movement
Active Partition of
Muslims
Gandhi Travelled
across India with
Khilafat Leaders
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Result of Khilafat Movement
Anti-British Feeling all over India
Hindu-Muslim Unity was Intensified
Strengthened National Movement
Even at the Grass root Level
Support of Muslim Community
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Activity 4 (Slogans)
Prepare some Slogans Supporting the Non-
Cooperation Movement.
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Swaraj is
Our Aim
We Want
FreedomAvoid Foreign
Cloths
Stop All
Taxes
India is Our
Land
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Gandhi
Suspended
Non-
Cooperation
Chauri Chaura (UP)
Villages set afire
the Police Station
22 Policemen Died
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Poorna
Swaraj
Lahore Session of
Congress
Civil
Disobedience
Ultimate Aim of
Indian Freedom
Struggle is to
Attain Complete
Freedom
Disobey all Anti-
Popular & Anti-
Democratic Civil
Laws by British
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Activity 5 (Listing the Points)
Prepare a Note about the Proposals put forward
by Gandhi to Gain Freedom
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Pro
po
sa
ls P
ut fo
rw
ard
b
y
Ga
nd
hi
To Remove Salt Tax
To Declare 50% Tax Relaxation for Farmers
To Increase Tax on Imported Foreign Cloths
To Release Political Prisoners
To Decrease Military Expenses
To Implement Prohibition of Liquor
To Start Coastal Shipping Service
To Dissolve the Secret Observation Wing
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Gandhi used Salt as a
Powerful Weapon …
British got High
Income from Salt Tax
Heavy burden for
Poor People
British Banned Indigenous Salt Production
There was 3 fold hike on Salt Price
It was Inspired by all
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They made Salt & Distributed
Hoisted National Flag
Chanted Anti-British Slogans
Police
Tortured
& Gandhi
was
Arrested
Payyannur
(Kerala)
Vedaranyaam (Tamil
Nadu)
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Payyannur Salt March
(Kerala)
Vedaranyaam Salt March
(Tamil Nadu)
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Bombay (Maharastra)
Noakhali (Bengal)
Sarojini Naidu
Dharasana (Gujarat)
K. Kelappan
Payyannur (Kerala)
Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu)
C. Rajagopalachari
Gandhi picking up grains of
salt at the end of his march
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By Making Salt as a Tool of Protest
Gandhi Proved……
Even an Unimportant Common
issue can be used as a Powerful
tool for Public Protest
To Secure Support of the Society
To Informed the Public in a simple
way to the Exploitation of the
British
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Activity 6 (Digital Presentation)
Prepare a Digital Presentation about the Salt
Satyagraha
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Women during Civil Disobedience
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79 Marchers accompanied Gandhi on
his march to Dandi. 5 from Kerala
No Name Age Province (British
India)
1 Raghavan 25 Madras Presidency
2 Thevarthundiyil Titus 25 Madras Presidency
3 Krishna Nair 25 Madras Presidency
4 Tapan Nair 25 Madras Presidency
5 Shankaran 25 Madras Presidency
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Civil disobedience
continued until
early 1931, when
Gandhi was finally
released from
prison to hold talks
with Irwin. It was
the first time the
two held talks on
equal terms, and
resulted in the
Gandhi–Irwin Pact.
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Activity 7 (Group Discussion)
Prepare a Note on Quit India Movement and its
Importance
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Quit India - 1942
Last Popular Protest
by INC under Gandhi
Based on Non-
Violence
Forced the British to
Leave the country
By Offering Complete
Freedom
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Factors Caused
Quit India Movement
Unwillingness of the
British to Implement
Constitutional Reforms in India
Public Disgust with Price Hike &
Famine
Assumption that the British would
be Defeated in the 2nd
World War
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As a Part of Quit India Gandhi Asked …
Princely States shall Recognise the
Sovereignty of their People
Farmers shall not Pay tax
Govt. Officials shall Disclose their
Loyalty to INC without Resigning
Soldiers shall Disobey Orders to shoot
Indians, Without Quitting from Army
Students shall Boycott Education till
attaining freedom
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British
Suppressed
the Movement
Arrested
Gandhi &
Others
In Protest Mob
Destroyed
Many things
Clear Indication to Grab Freedom for the Country
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Activity 7 (Consolidation )
Quit India Movement
o It was a Struggle based on Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
o Unwillingness of the British to Implement
Constitutional Reforms in India, Public Disgust
with Price Hike & Famine, Assumption that the
British would be Defeated in the 2nd World War
were the Factors Caused for the Movement
o Complete Freedom of India was the Aim of Gandhi.
o British Suppressed the Movement but they could
not Control the Popular Agitations
o In Certain Areas the Struggle became Violent
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Alternative Paths
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Revo
lu
tio
na
ry O
rg
an
isatio
ns Swaraj Party
Hindustan Socialist
Republican Association
(Republican Army)
Abhinav Bharat Society
Anuseelan Samithi
Ghadar Party
Indian Republican Army
C.R.Das & Motilal Nehru
Revolutionaries from
Punjab, Rajasthan,
U.P & Bihar
Bhagat Singh, Chandra Sekhar
Azad, Raj Guru & Sukh Dev
V.D. Savarkar
Lala Hardayal
Surya Sen
Bareender Kumar Ghose,
Pulin Bihari Das
Motilal Nehru
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Swaraj Party (1923)
C.R.Das
C.R.Das & Motilal
Nehru
Opposed Gandhi's
method of Struggle of
Boycott
Argued for Legislative
Assembles
Contested Elections
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Hindustan Socialist
Republican Association
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Bhagat Singh
Chandra Sekhar
AzadSukh Dev
Raj Guru
1928
Military Wing
Republican Army
Overthrow the
British by Military
Action & Establish
a Federal Republic
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The Lahi charge that had
led to the Death of
Lala Lajpat Rai
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Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar
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Ghadar Party
Lala Hardayal
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Ghadar Party
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Ghadar Party
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Anuseelan Samithi
Anushilan_Samiti_office_
at_48,_Bidhan_Sarani
Bareender Kumar Ghose,
Pulin Bihari Das
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Indian Republican Army
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Congress
Socialist
Wing within
INC
Socialist
Ideology from
Russian
Revolution
Influence of Russian
Revolution
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Congress Socialist Party
Chairman JP Narayanan
In Bombay 1934
Great role in Quit India
Movement
They led the Movement
when Gandhi and others
were arrested
JP Narayanan
Aruna Asaf Ali
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Forward Bloc
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Against Gandhi’s Idea
S.C. Bose formed a Political
Party – Forward Bloc
INA by Rash Behari Bose
Bose formed a provisional Govt.
in Singapore
Hoisted Indian Flag in Imphal
Support of Japanese Army
INA marched to the East West
border of India
Failure of Japan in the 2nd
World War demolished this Plan
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Japan Before & After War
Failure of Japan in the
2nd
World War 1939-1945
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Jhansi Regiment of INA
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Activity 8 (Seminar / Digital Magazine)
Prepare a Seminar / Digital Magazine about the
Notable Revolutionaries of Indian Freedom Struggle
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Movements of Workers
& Peasants
Madras
Labour Union
Ahmedabad
Textiles
Association
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Founders of AITUC in 1920
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Objectives of
AITUC
To Organise &
act as a
Working Class
To Cooperate
with the Indian
Working class
outside India
To participate actively
in the Freedom
Struggle
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All India Kisan Sabha
Farmers realized the
need for Organised
Struggle. Because
o Tax Law of British
o Exploitation of Zamindars
o Low Price for Agricultural Products
All India Kisan Congress (All India Kisan Sabha)
was formed under N.G. Ranga in Lahore
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Farmers’ Manifesto
Reduce 50% of Land Tax & Lease charge
Write off Debts
Cancel Feudal Taxes
Ensure Minimum Wages for Agriculture
Recognise Peasant Unions
These Demands were Prepared in the All
Indian Kisan Samiti held in Bombay
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Telengana Struggle
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Activity 9 (Match the Following)
Prepare a Match the Following Table about the
Movements of Workers and Peasants
A B
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A B
AITUC M.N.Joshy
All India Kisan
Sahba
N.G.Ranga
Tebhaga Struggle Bengal
Telengana
Struggle
Andhra Pradesh
Navel Mutiny Bombay
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Independence of India was speed up
o 2nd
world War (1939-1945)
o Financial Crisis in Britain
o End of Imperialism
o Intensified Freedom
Struggles in Colonies
o America & Soviet Union
were against Imperialism
o Labour Party in Britain
under Clement Attlee
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Clement
Attlee
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Claim For PakistanJinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Gandhi
Jinnah & Muslim League founders
Muhammad Ali Jinnah & All
India Muslim League raised
claim for a separate Country
Called Pakistan
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Hindu Mahasabha
also claimed for
Divided India
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Role of Mountbatten
Mountbatten was appointed as the Viceroy of India
Argued that Partition was Essential
Prepared a Plan called “Mountbatten Plan”
Mountbatten & his Wife with Gandhiwith Nehru
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Activity 10 (Short Note)
Prepare a Short Note on the Role of Mountbatten
in the Independence of India
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Mountbatten Plan
Separate Country for Muslims
Divide Punjab & Bengal
Appoint a Commission to determine
the Borders
Conduct a Referendum to Determine
whether to add North West Frontier
Province to Pakistan or Not
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Prepared Map
for Partition
Sir Cyril Radcliff
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Divided
Punjab & Bengal
and formed
India & Pakistan
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British
Parliament
Passed the
Indian
Independe
nce Act in
1947
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Replacement of Power
On 15th
August
1947
Union Jack
Indian Tricolor
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Head of State
14th
Aug 1947
Jinnah
Prime Minister
15th
Aug 1947
Nehru
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Additional Activities
1. Discuss the role of workers & Peasants in the freedom
movement of India
2. Write a Short note on the role played by INA and S.C. Bose for
the Freedom of India
3. Name the different Revolutionary Organizations and their
Leaders who Dedicated their life to attain freedom for India
4. How can you say that ‘The Quit India Movement was a Turning
point in India’s Freedom Struggle ?
5. Why Gandhi selected salt as a powerful weapon against the
British?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.)
HSA (Social Science)
St. Mary’s H.S. Palliport
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9746953695