Globalisering? n  økonomi - globalisering (global økonomi)

n  industri - globalisering (musikkindustri)

n  kultur - globalisering (musikk prod. kultur)

n  vitenskapsteori (postmodern/post-structural/post-colonial)

Globalisering? n  økonomi - globalisering (global økonomi) n  (musikk) industri - globalisering n  kultur - globalisering (musikk prod. kultur) n  vitenskapsteori (postmodern/post-structural/post-

colonial) Sted (tilhørighet)

n  Nasjonalitet / grenser n  Etnisitet - tilhørighet n  Ideer om kultur - tilhørighet

Globalisering n  Økonomi n  Modernitet - historie:

n  Industrialisering (produksjon - distribusjon) n  kolonialisme n  imperialisme

Globalisering Termer brukt n  Hybridization n  Creolization n  Syncretism n  Acculturation

n  Cosmopolitanism (Appiah) n  Pollock et al. advocate the concept of “cosmopolitanism” due to “recognizing the harm that nationalism does in promoting territorially based identities” (2002:2)

Globalisering Arjun Appadurai ”Globalization from below” “Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination” Public Culture, vol. 12/1, 2000, 1-19.

n  Homi Bhabha Bhabha, Homi K. 1990. (ed.) Nation and Narration. London: Routledge. Bhabha, Homi K. 1994. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.

n  Fred Myers et al. 2001. ”Circulation” The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture. School of American Research Press.

Globalisering n  Roland Robertson (1995)

Modernitet: diskusjon: homogenization vs. heterogenization (begge deler) “glocalization” - det lokale også konstruert på en videre basis (påvirkninger utenfra), lokal kontekstualisering production, reproduction of difference (29)

Robertson, Roland. 1995. “Glocalization: Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity”. In Global Modernities, ed. Mike Featherstone et al., 25–44. London: Sage.

Kultur “That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (E.B. Tylor, 1871) “an historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life.” (Geertz 1973, s. 89)

Kultur Ulf Hannerz “...culture resides in a set of public meaningful forms, which can most often be seen or heard, or are somewhat less frequently known through touch, smell, or taste, if not through some combination of senses. On the other hand, these overt forms are only rendered meaningful because human minds contain the instruments for their interpretation.” (Fra “Cultural Complexity, s. 4)

Zygmunt Bauman “The core ambivalence of the concept of culture reflects the ambivalence of the idea of order-making, that hub of all modern existence. Man-made order is unthinkable without human freedom to choose...”

(Fra Bauman, “Culture as Praxis, 1999, s. xiv)

Musikk "1877 by Thomas Alva Edison""Invention of the phonograph""Emile Berliner (The Gramophone Company, seinere EMI) ""1888 Gramophone (discs) "

""Sirkulasjon av kulturobjekter (Lyd)""Sirkulasjon av konsepter (kategorier musikken forstås i forhold til)"

""SOUND - CONCEPTS - BEHAVIOR (Merriam 1964) "

""brassinstrumenter 1830 - 1840 (industrialisert produksjon)""Fonogram ""nye medier""Internett"

Musikk "Radio""78 rpm""LP""urbanisering av samfunn""produksjon - resepsjon ""kassett-produksjon (cf. Wallis & Malm)"

""Gramophone, Film, Typewriter (Writing Science) by Friedrich Kittler, Michael Wutz, Geoffrey Winthrop Young and Geoffrey Winthrop Young (Paperback - 31 Jul 1999)

Any Sound You Can Imagine: Making Music/Consuming Technology by Paul Theberge (Paperback - May 15, 1997)"

Kategorier n  ”Kunst” n  ”Folk” n  ”Populær”

n  Musikkindustri n  ”Massekultur”

Musikk - nasjonalitet Part of the problem of identifying music with the ‘nation’ is the tendency not to recognize that the image of the ‘nation’—and, so to speak, its historicity—does not grow from its soil, but is the outcome of historical, social and geopolitical constructions. Composers, musicians, critics and musicologists might also, and that is well known, be amongst the ideology makers of the ‘nation.’

""Weisethaunet (2007: 171) “Historiography and Complexities”"

Musikk - ”Folk” “Defined most simply, national music reflects the image of the nation so that those living in the nation recognize themselves in basic but crucial ways,” writes Bohlman (2004:82–83).

n  Johann Gottfried von Herder’s (1744–1803) conceptualization of der Volksgeist, claiming that the “spirit of the people” is audible in their songs.

n  Herder’s two volumes, Stimmen der Völker in Liedern (1778) and Volkslieder (1779), sought to verify his theory asserting that the characteristics of a people (Volk) were reflected in their song traditions (Herder 1975 [1778–1779]).

""Weisethaunet (2011: 23) “Music and National Identity in Norway”"

Jazz... n  Race n  Ethnicity

n  Racial/political history

Jazz... n  Art n  Popular n  Commercial - ”hot”

n  ”America’s classical music” n  ”European jazz”