Subway waiting room and main line ventilation

Ultra Fine Dust Precursor Reduction Technology

2019.07

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Conventional waiting room and platform ventilation & air conditioning system

- Currently advanced ventilation equipment is in operation-Four advanced fine dust removal filters are installed and operating - Demister, automaticfilter. Filter element in air conditioner, charge.Fine dust removes filter using fine particles. However, even if the outside air is cleanlyfiltered, the secondary pollution prevention measures are not available at present.

- Problem-The dust in the duct connecting the air conditioner tothe platform. Since, it is impossible to clean bacteriaand dust accumulation, the platform or waiting roomwill eventually be supplied with fine dust.

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Air Inlet grill

Station

Vent

Primary: Demister

Secondary: Auto filter

Third: Fiction Fourth: Charged fine particles

Platform & Waiting room

Air-conditioner

Waiting & standing area station ventilation and air conditioning system

- Traditional ventilation equipment-There are four exhaust facilities. The air supply system is equipped with a demister, anauto filter, a filter element in the air conditioner, and a neutralizer for charged particulatematter. The air used is passed through exhaust tower again which is a structure toescape.

- Solution-But now we can remove the fine dust using theflimmer filter to be installed above the diffuser andsupply the clean air in accordance with ISO 16890,ePm 1 for a better indoor air quality.

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Air Inlet grill

Station

Vent

Primary: Demister

Secondary: Auto filter

SKAWEN / AHU

Third: Fiction

Fourth: Fine particle treatment

Platform & Waiting room

Precautions and countermeasures to reduce fine dust precursor - Comprehensive

Problem

Excessive power consumption: always on/off fan

Bad air condition on platform

Cannot clean foreign matters in the duct: always flow in the dusty platform

Dilution effect due to screen door: poor air quality improvement

Improvement Management of indoor air quality in the landing area by air/ exhaust sensor:

Air conditioner operation management

Placement of flimmer filter in the landing air diffuser: Effect of fresh air inflow

After train stops, upper exhaust fan of the carrier operates

-> Forced ventilation of the platform in to the air (always keep the pressure on platform)

Supply fan inside the passenger compartments stops operation when stoppedFresh air in the passenger compartment.

Flimmer Diffuser

1. ISO 16890 , ePM12. Ventilation Institute of Korea, Ltd.

Sweden joint R&D3. Made in Korea

Problems and improvement of subway supply

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New Filter Standards and NORMS – Overview

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- New ISO 16890: The new international ISO 16890 standard defines four new filter groups based on dust particle size.• ISO coarse (assessment of the separation of ISO A2 dust)• ISO PM 10: particle size ≤ 10㎛• ISO PM 2.5: particle size ≤ 2.5 ㎛• ISO PM 1: particle size ≤ 1㎛

New Classification

Filter groups

ISO 16890

Required minimum

performance Reference value for the

determination of the

filter performanceePM1,

min

ePM2.5,

minePM10

ISO ePM 1 ≥50% ePM1

ISO ePM2.5 ≥50% ePM2.5

ISO ePM10 ≥50% ePM10

ISO coarse ≥50% Initial separation efficiency

• In December 2016, the ISO 16890 standardbecame effective in order to globally regulate thevarious standards such as EN 779 or ASHRAE52.2.

• Particularly affected are the filter types belongingto the groups G, M and F. A lead time of 18months was given for the conversion to then newISO-standards, resulting in the fact that the EN779, as well as, ISO 16890 shall both be valid upto mid-2018.

• The EN 779 does not take the air’s fine dustpollution into consideration; instead only the filter’sdegree of efficiency concerning 0.4 ㎛-sizedparticles. However, this does not meet the truerequirements.

• On the contrary, the ISO 16890 observes threeareas of different particle sizes and thus, is morerealistic. The test results, therefore, render a betterconclusion concerning the filter’s actualperformance during real operation.

Classification of new filter class according to ISO 16890 NORM

Latest results and comparison of flimmer filter

EN 779: 2012 Class ISO 16890 NORM ClassClass ISO ePM1 ISO ePM2.5 ISO ePM10 ISO coarse Classes Minimum Efficiency Type of particulate matter

G3 - - - >80%ISO ePM1

e(PM1), min ≥ 50%

e(PM2.5), min ≥ 50%

Viruses, nanoparticles, exhaust gases

Bacteria, fungal and mold spores, pollen, toner dustG4 - - - >90%

M5 - - >50% -ISO ePM2.5 e(PM10), min ≥ 50%

Pollen, desert dust

M6 - 50 – 65 % >60% -

F7 50 – 65% 65 – 80% >85% -ISO ePM10 e(PM1), min ≥ 50%

Viruses, nanoparticles, exhaust gases

Bacteria, fungal and mold spores, pollen, toner dust

F8 65 – 80% >80% >90% -

F9 >80% >95% >95% - ISO coarse e(PM2.5), min ≥ 50% Pollen, desert dust

EN 779:2012 ISO 16890

Particle size for classification 0.4㎛

0.3 to 1㎛ (PM1)

0.3 to 2.5㎛ (PM2.5)

0.3 to 10㎛ (PM 10)

Test aerosol DEHS (di-ethylhexyl sebacate)DEHS for 0.3 to 1㎛

KCL for 2.5㎛ and 10㎛

Efficiency of discharged filter Comparison of sample and filterAverage efficiency of treated and untreated (conditioned) filter

Dust feed for classification Incremental dust feed Classification without dust feed

Test dust for ISO coarse and energy efficiency ASHRAE ISO fine

Dust feed 70 mg/㎥ 140 mg/㎥

Test final differential pressureG1, G2, G3, G4 = 250 Pa PM 10 < 50% = 200 Pa

M5, M6, F7, F8,F9 = 450 Pa PM 10 ≥ 50% = 300 Pa

Classification

G1 to G4 ISO coarse

M5 to M6 ISO ePM10

F7 to F9 ISO ePM2.5

ISO ePM1

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ISO 16890 – New Standard

Old category

classification

Old category

classification

Indoor air quality control Know How in Subway

Technology and measures to reduce ultrafine dust precursors

Due to lack of cleaning inside the duct, traditional system

supplies the fine dust into passenger and station rooms. But now

we can remove the fine dust using the flimmer filter to be

installed above the diffuser and supply the clean air in accordance

with ISO 16890, ePm 1 for a better indoor air quality.

For a reducing PM2.5 in main line, install advanced THRUVENT

in the air supply for the negative pressure, due to negative

pressure fine dusts are forcibly shuffled to be the big dust and it

could be cleaned by pre-filter after all.

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2

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Saving energy but better air quality than before

Electric power usage ratio in subway

All subway ventilation cost: At least 30 billion

20% reduction in ventilation rate by using this system

: Annual savings of 6 billion

Reduced cost of 10 years after using this system: over

60 billion

Estimated cost

Artificial Intelligent Contamination Control Technology: 2%

Ventilation system based on comparison of outdoor/ventilation: 3%

Dehydrated vent system: 3%

Flimmer diffuser: 2%

Thruvent ventilation system: 30% (total: 40%)

Artificial Intelligent Ultrafine Dust Precursor Reduction Technology

Integrated management system cost expected effect: 40%

Calculation basis

Source: Study on reduction of air pollution in underground space (1977, Seoul city)

Power

25%

Ventilation

35%

Others

11%

Heating

10%

Loading & Heating

5%

Elevators

5%

Cooling 5%

Pumps 4%

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Passenger and station rooms new ventilation technology

Exhaust (THRUVENT)

Recommended NEW ventilation system ( Flimmer Diffuser type )

Waiting room

Air class equipment

Platform Screen door

Supply (THRUVENT)

Ventilation system should be operated so that internal air is positive

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Flimmer Diffuser

When outside air is bad (100% operation)

When the outside air is good (20% operation)

Ultra Fine Dust Precursor Reduction Technology: Step 1 - Thruvent

Thruvent System Ventilation Energy Saving

Signal movement Outside air sensor

Signal movement Outside air sensor

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Technique to reduce fine dust precursor: Step 2 – Flimmer Diffuser

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New concept, new idea but good indoor air quality

Formation of dust and bacteria inside the duct

Platform & waiting room

- ResolutionThe ISO ePM1 class flimmer diffuser is installed in the platform and waiting roomMoreover, the flimmer filter should be replaced periodically.

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Subway Air Quality Improvement Ventilation System

When screen door and passenger doors are opened

Automatic inflow into the fresh air carriage of the platform

Supply diffuser

Flimmer filter

Outdoor -> Air conditioner -> Air supply duct

Exhaust diffuser

Exhaust duct-> Air conditioner-> Exterior

Contaminated indoor air exhaustFresh air inflow filtered by clean filter

Platform ventilation concept

Air quality control sensor: Air intake / exhaust fan operation

according to the air quality inside the landing area: Indoor air

quality control and energy saving

Supply sensor

Exhaust sensor

Supply fan Exhaust fan

Passenger cabin ventilation concept

Normal operation of supply fan in operation

Automatic stop of supply fan when stopped

Operation & stop:

Operation of the exhaust fan at all the time

Flimmer filter ISO 16890 NORM class: ISO ePM1 class

Supply fan interruption: Fresh air inflow into

platform

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Filter groups

ISO 16890

Required minimum

performance Reference value for the

determination of the

filter performanceePM1,

min

ePM2.5,

minePM10

ISO ePM 1 ≥50% ePM1

ISO ePM2.5 ≥50% ePM2.5

ISO ePM10 ≥50% ePM10

ISO coarse ≥50% Initial separation efficiency

Current subway station ventilation and air conditioning system

Class, exhaust direction Current facility

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Supply Exhaust

EXHAUST EXHAUST EXHAUST EXHAUSTSUPPLY

Existing main line ventilation Thruvent

Main line Ventilation Super fine dust precursor reduction technology: THRUVENT

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Floor plan Floor plan

Cross-section Cross-section

Thruvent

Main line Ventilation Super fine dust precursor reduction technology: THRUVENT

Supply Exhaust

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Floor Plan

Cross Section

Subway mainline ventilation and fine dust reduction Know HowCurrent facility

As a result of negative pressuregenerated with the fine dust or finedust precursor in the outside air isdischarged from the outlet sideThruvent fan, the inlet side pinwheelis operated without power.

The fine dust containing theprecursor is forcibly rotated andtangled, and after the coarsening,the fine dust is filtered by a filter toventilate.

After passing through the filter by theprimary pinwheel and the filter forremoving the second large dust, theremaining dust is filtered by the thirdfilter again, and then the air issupplied or exhausted.

Energy saving is realized by about30%, and there is an excellent effectof reducing fine dust and fine dustprecursor.

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Pinwheel

Thruvent fan

Subway mainline ventilation and fine dust reduction Know HowCurrent facility

As a result of the negative pressuregenerated when the fine dust or finedust precursor in the outside air isdischarged from the outlet sideThruvent fan, the inlet side pinwheelis operated without power.

The fine dust containing theprecursor is forcibly rotated andtangled, and after the coarsening,the fine dust is filtered by a filter toventilate.

After passing through the filter by theprimary pinwheel and the filter forremoving the second large dust, theremaining dust is filtered by the thirdfilter again, and then the air issupplied or exhausted.

Energy saving is realized by about30%, and there is an excellent effectof reducing fine dust and fine dustprecursor.

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Thruvent fan

Main line ventilation super fine dust precursor reduction technology: Thruvent

Detailed view - 3

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Pre-filter with screen-wind(for filtering large dust)

Double perforated plate

Vane

Double perforated plate

Thruvent system

Sensor Unit

Other applications of Flimmer Diffuser

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Overseas subsidiaries and partners

Overseas Subsidiaries

Ventopia USA, Inc.

Ventopia India,Pvt., Ltd.

Ventopia Colombia, Ltd.

VIKorea

Seoul, South Korea

Distributors

YMAGE Trading & Construction Corp.

USA

Colombia

India

Philippines

Underground Parking Lot Smoke Extract System- THRUVENT™ SYSTEM -

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