Power Plant_ Student Copy

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KGiSL Institute ofTechnology

Basic Mechanical Engineering V.S

SYLLABI

Introduction, Classification of Power Plants

Working principle of steam, Gas, Diesel,Hydro-electric and Nuclear Power plants

Merits and Demerits.

Pumps and turbines working principle ofReciprocating pumps (single acting and double

acting) Centrifugal Pump.


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POWER PLANT

A power station (also referred to as a

generating station, power plant, or

powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the

generation ofelectric power.

Power plantis also used to refer to the

engine in ships, aircraft and other large

vehicles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation


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CLASSIFIACTION OF POWER PLANT

Steam or thermal power plant.

Hydroelectric power plant.

Nuclear power plant.

Diesel power plant.

Gas turbine power plant.

Solar power plant.

Wind power plant.

Tidal power plant.


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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Principle: water is used as working fluid.

Potential energy of water stored at higher level is

converted into mechanical energy which is used forpower generation.

Water is allowed to flow under pressure from dam

which is used to run the turbine & electric power is

generated.

Potential energy Mechanical Energy Electrical

Energy


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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT CONT.

Device Energy conversion

Dam Water potential energy.

Turbine Potential energy Mechanical

Energy.

Generator Mech.energy Electrical energy.


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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT CONT.


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Advantages- Hydro electric power plant:

Waterthe working fluid is a natural &

renewable energy source available in plenty.

Life of the plant is very long.

Running cost of plant is low.

Maintenance & operation cost is low.

No ash disposal problem.

Less supervising staff.

No fuel transportation problem.

In addition to power generation these plants

are useful for irrigation and flood control.


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Disadvantages- Hydro electric power plant:

Initial cost is more high & more timerequired for erection.

Power generation depends on quantity of

water available . Transmission losses are more high & cost

is high.

Plants are situated away from loadcenters it requires long transmission

lines.


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NUCLEAR FISSION

Process by which the atoms nuclei becomefragmented (e.g., in a nuclear reactor);

neutrons are released and energy is

produced in the form of heat.


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NUCLEAR FISSION & FUSION


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NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Principle:

Uranium- used as a nuclear fuel.

Principle involved is nuclear fission.


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ADVANTAGES - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

It needs less space.

Fuel consumption is very small & hence

transportation ,handling and storages

charges

are low.

Well suited for large power demands.

Operation of the plant is more reliable.

Less workmen is required.


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DISADVANTAGES - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Capital cost is high.Radioactive wastes, if not disposed carefully

have adverse effects on environments.

Not suitable for varying load conditions.Maintenance cost is high.


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NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN INDIA

Tarapur nuclear power station- 200 MW cap.

Kalpakkam nuclear power station.

235 MW 2 FBR

Narora nuclear power station

235 MW- CANDU


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Steam power plant


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OBSERVATION

The force of the steam rotates the blades,

and it acts like a simple turbine.

This rotational energy produces a small

current in the dynamo and lights the bulb.

Inference

Mechanical energy is converted into

electrical energy.

This is the principle used in the Thermal

Power Plant


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STEAM POWER PLANT

steam is used as the working fluid.

Heat energy is converted into mech.energy

which is used for power generation.

Heat energy Mech.energy

electrical enrg.

Steam is produced in the boiler & is used to

drive the steam turbine which is coupled witha generator.


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Device Energy conversuion

Boiler Fuel Heat energy

Turbine Heat ene. Mech.energy

Generator Mech.energy electrical energy.

Steam power plant cont..

Boiler

Turbine

Coupling

Generators


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STEAM POWER PLANT CONT.. Circuits of steam power plant:

I) coal & ash circuit.

ii)Air & flue gas circuit.

iii)feed water & steam circuit.

Iv) cooling water circuit.


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COAL & ASH CIRCUIT

ASH

STORAGEASH

HANDLING BOILER

COAL

HANDLING

COAL

STORAGE

Coal is used as the fuel & burnt in the boiler for generation ofsteam.

Ash produced due to the combustion of coal is removed to

the ash storage.


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AIR & FLUE GAS CIRCUIT

Air is taken from atmosphere thro fans.Air is heated by the heat of flue gases which

is passing to chimney.

hot air is supplied to the boiler.

chimneyHot

Air

BoilerDust

collector

economis

er

Draught

fanAir

preheaterAir from atmos.

Hot flue gas


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FEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUIT

The steam generated in the boiler passesthrough the super heater and is supplied to

the turbine.

The superheated steam expands over the

turbine blades and it drives the turbine shaftwhich is coupled to the electrical generator.

The expanded steam then passes to the

condenser where it is condensed.

The condensate (water) leaving the

condenser is passing through the

economizer where it is further heated by

means of flue gases and fed into the boiler.


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ADVANTAGESSTEAM POWER PLANT

Initial cost is low compared to hydelplant.

Generation of power is continuous.

Less space is required.

It can respond to rapidly changing load.

It can be located near the load centre,hence transmission cost & losses are

reduced.


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DISADVANTAGESSTEAM POWER PLANT

Transportation & handling of fuel is

major difficulty.

Long time required for erection.Maintenance & operation cost are

high.

Efficiency of the plant is less.

Power generation cost is high

compared to hydel power plants.


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STEAM POWER PLANT -- INDIA

Ramagundam Thermal Plant in Andhra

Pradesh,

Raichur Thermal Plant in Karnataka, Korba Thermal Plant in Madhya

Pradesh,

Farraka Thermal Plant in West Bengalare a few of the thermal power plants

located in India.


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GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

Principle: Natural gas is used as fuel in the gas turbine

power plant.

Air is compressed to a high pr. & heated bymeans of the flue gases. natural gas burns in

the steam of hot air 7 the gases coming out are

used to run the turbine.

Pressure

energy

Heat

energy

Mechanica

l

energy

Electrical

energy


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LAY OUT OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT


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GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

Device Energy conversion

Compressor Air pressure energy.

Combustion chamber Pr.energ y Heat energy( air+fuel)

Turbine Heat energy Mechanical energy

Generator Mechanical energy Electrical

energy


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WORKING OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT Air from atmos.is drawn into LPC & is compressed.

Air is passed thro the intercooler after comp. becasuseit is hot.

Intercooler is used reduce the work of the compressor

& increase the efficiency.

Air from intercooler enters the HPC where it is furthercompressed to a high pr.

Hot air enters from the regenerator & fuel is injected

into the combustion chamber.

The fuel may be natural gas or gasoline. HPT: the turbine shaft drives the compressor shaft

which is coupled to it.

About 66% of power developed by the turbine is used to

run the compressor & 34% is used to generate electricower.


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ADVANTAGES - GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

Natural gas is easily available & cheap. Gas turbine power plant is smaller in size & less

wt compared to steam power plant.

Initial cost is low. Less maintenance cost.

Simple in construction.

It can be started quickly & can be put on load

very short time.


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DISADVANTAGES - GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

Major part of the power developed bytheturbine is used to drive the compr. & hence it

has low efficiency.

Special cooling methods are required. Poor part load efficiency.


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APPLICATIONS - GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

Used in aircraft & ships.

Used as a stand by unit.

Used in thermal process & petrochemical

industries.

Used to supply peak load in steam or hydro

power plant.

KGiSL I tit t f


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DIESEL POWER PLANT

Diesel pp depends upon the diesel engine.

Capacity ranges from : 2 -50 MW.

It can be used as stand-by- plants to hydro

electric & steam PP for emergency service.

It can be used as peak load plant in

combination with thermal or hydro plant.

It can be used in transport sys. Like

automobile , railways, aero planes,

ships,etc.

KGiSL I tit t f


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COMPONENTS OF DIESEL POWER PLANT

Diesel engine.

Engine starting system.

Fuel system.

Air filter system.

Exhaust system.

Engine cooling system. Engine lubricating system.

KGiSL I tit t f


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INTRODUCTION:

A DIESEL POWER STATION(ALSO KNOWN AS STAND-BY

POWER STATION) USES A DIESEL ENGINE AS PRIMEMOVER FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

THIS POWER STATION IS GENERALLY COMPACT AND

THUS CAN BE LOCATED WHERE IT IS ACTUALLYREQUIRED.

THIS KIND OF POWER STATION CAN BE USED TO

PRODUCE LIMITED AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

IN MOST COUNTRIES THESE POWER STATIONS ARE

USED AS EMERGENCY SUPPLYSTATIONS.

KGiSL I tit t f
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_mover_(locomotive)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_mover_(locomotive)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_mover_(locomotive)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_mover_(locomotive)


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Multi cylinder turbo

charged diesel engine

Service tank

pump

Fuel storage

tank

Air

compressor

Compress

ed

air

Generator

Oil

cooler

pumpSpray

tankpump

Lay out of Diesel power plant

Hot oil Cold oil

Hot water

KGiSL Instit te of


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OPERATIONTHE DIESEL BURNS INSIDE THE ENGINE AND THE

COMBUSTION PROCESS CAUSES ROTATIONALMECHANICAL ENERGY THAT TURNS THE ENGINE SHAFT

AND DRIVES THE ALTERNATOR.

THE ALTERNATOR INTURN, CONVERTS MECHANICAL

ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

THIS TYPE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATING POWER

STATION WILL PROBABLY BE USED A LONG TIME INTO

THE FUTURE, DUE TO A NEED FOR RELIABLE STAND-BY

ELECTRICAL SOURCE FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

KGiSL Institute of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator


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ADVANTAGES DIESEL POWER PLANT

Simple design & layout of plant.

Occupies less space & is compact.

Can be started quickly and picks up load in a

short time.

Requires less water for cooling.

Thermal efficiency better that ofSteam

Power plant of same size. Overall cost is cheaper than that ofSteam

Power plant of same size

KGiSL Institute of
http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Power


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DISADVANTAGES DIESEL POWER PLANT

High running charges due to costly price of

Diesel.

Plant does not work efficiently under

prolonged overload conditions.

Cost oflubrication very high.

Maintenance charges are generally high.

Life of the plant is low compared to thermal

or steam power plant.

KGiSL Institute of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubrication


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DIESEL POWER PLANT- TAMILNADU1.Kerala State Electricity Board, Kerala.

100 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Brahmapuram,Kerala.

2. DCW Ltd., Sahupuram.

30 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Sahupuram, Tamil

Nadu.3. Rolls - Royce Power Ventures Limited. U.K.

10 MW Gas Cycle Power Plant in Bangaladesh.

4. Sanmar Chemplast Ltd., Chennai.

10 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Mettur, Tamil Nadu.5. Samalpatti Power Company Ltd., Coimbatore.

106 MW DG Cycle Power Plant at Pochampalli, Tamil

Nadu.

KGiSL Institute of


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6 x 20 MW DG power plant for Karnataka

Electricity Board, Yelahanka, near Bangalore,

which is the biggest Diesel based power plantin Asia.

5 x 20 MW diesel power plant of Kerala State

Electricity Board, Brahmapuram, near Kochi,Kerala.

3 x 10 MW DG power plant of Ferro Alloys

Corporation, Garividi, near Visakhapatnam, A.P.

6 x 6.5 MW diesel power plant for MangaloreChemicals & Fertilisers Ltd, Mangalore.

3 x 3 MW captive diesel power plant for

Documents

Power Plant_ Student Copy