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7/27/2019 Power Losses
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/power-losses 1/23
Revolutionary Concept of Power management
For a clean and green planet…
With NO energy shortage…
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Can India be energy surplus in two
years – remember the green
revolution?
Yes
Our strategies and focus can help India to:1. Become an energy surplus state within
two years with zero additional
generation.
2. Earn a very large number of Carbon
Points
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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India 2006 – The Power scenario
Power Shortage is a major problem for India -leads to compounded problems with Lowfrequency, tripping of generators and Load
shedding in nearly all parts of the country.
Poor power factor, a feature of poor qualityequipment, leads to low voltage. Use of equipments to correct voltage further compounds the problem.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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India 2006 – The Power scenario,
contd. Power shortage/quality thus leads to large scale
use of Voltage Stabilisers, Inverters, Generators,UPS Systems, etc.
Such Electrical Equipments, which requireunwanted investments, in turn not only lead toenhanced shortage in the overall situation butalso cause air and soil pollution by burning of
coal, diesel, etc. Widespread use of lead-acid batteries in these
equipments further causes pollution of soil andwater.
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What is the effect of Stabilisers?
Voltage Stabilisers don’t have efficiencies better than80%. While a 1.5 Tr AC consumes 2 units; its stabiliser consumes 0.4 units; it even consumes power if left ONwhen AC is OFF.
Assuming we have 10 Million ACs in India; on accountof stabilisers for ACs alone we lose around 4 millionunits, even during peak hours, which is double the
power generated by many large generating stations.
Assuming an AC runs for 5 hours in a day, this means aloss of 20 million units per day.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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What is the effect of Inverters?
The average efficiency of the domestic inverters is
50% and unlike fuel-based generators, inverters
don’t generate power.
There is an estimated 50 million inverters being
used for domestic purposes each consuming say
250W/day or 0.25 units. The power drain by
inverters is thus to the tune of 12.5 million units.
Further, inverters use lead-acid batteries which
severely pollute the environment.
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Other equipments-how they
affect
UPS systems being like inverters
cause power wastage and pollution
by use of lead-acid batteries.
Diesel/Kerosene gensets not only
cause pollution but also deplete
scarce natural resources.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Power Generation in India
The total installed capacity in the
country is 1,26,000 MW.
Assuming a plant load factor of 0.7,
the generation is 2,116.8 million
units/day.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Power loss – Pumps & Motors
Pumps/Motors consume roughly 20% of totalelectricity in India. An estimated 75% of this isconsumed by the pumps for agricultural sector
mainly for water/irrigation. The balance is for other motor applications.
Most Indian pumps operate at 33% efficiency whilemotors have an average efficiency of 40%. Thesecause heavy loss of electrical energy.
Taking usage of 4 units at 4 hours/day, theconsumption in this category is over 250 millionunits/day and the estimated loss is 160 millionunits/day.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Power Generated – How does it
flow? Where does it go?
Transmission System – 4% losses
Unavoidable Distribution
Losses - 15%
Pilferage -35% losses
29 units
Billed to consumer –
53 units
Energy usefully consumed –
42 units (max.)
100 units
96 units
82 units
Generating Station
20% loss
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Pilferage
Pilferage (Power theft) in India is
responsible for the disappearance of
29% of electricity generated.
In energy terms this amounts to
613.87 million units/day.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Simple Mathematics –
No rocket science
Power Generation capacity: 1,26,000 MW
Power available/day: 2116.80 MU
Power con sum ed/day -Transmission line: 84.67 MU
Unavoidable distribution losses: 296.35 MU
Pilferage: 613.87 MU
Used by consumer (max.): 889.06 MU
Wasted by consumer (min.): 232.85 MUMU – Million units/day
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Power Loss Summary Table
Equipment Power Inst. Base Loss Million Loss Loss Units/day (Cr. Rs./year)
Stabiliser 20% 10 Million 20.00 2,190.00
Inverter/UPS 50% 50 Million 12.50 1,368.75
Pumps 66% 11 Million 116.16 12,719.52
Motors 60% 5 Million 48.00 5,256.00
Others - - 36.19 3,962.81
Pilferage 29% - 613.87 67,218.77
Total=> 846.72 92,715.85
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Investment at consumer and
national level
Each element of this loss means additional
equipment leading to mind-boggling capital
expenses by the Nation & the Consumer
PLUS
Higher energy costs and use of scarce fuel
resources.
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Impact of wastage
At the national level all this wastage adds up
to 850 Million units/day against a capacity of
2,116.8 Million Units/day.
The cost of setting up a 1000 MW power
plant entails a capital cost of approx 5000
Cr. Considering a plant load factor of 0.7, itgenerates about 16.8 Million Units/day .
Transmission cost is another about 3000 Cr.
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Cost of wastage
Wastage of 16.8 Million Units/day,
requires a capital outlay to the tune
of Rs. 8,000 Cr.
Wastage of 850 Million Units/day implies a
wasteful capital blockage of over Rs.
4,00,000 Crores with a recurring daily loss
of over Rs. 250 Cr. and an annual loss of over Rs. 90,000 Cr !
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Delhi’s Power shortage woes
Delhi’s peak power requirement is 3268
MW. A mere shortage of 160 MW has
created havoc during July first week with
heavy load shedding in the city.
Further requirement stated is an additional
2000 MW to be added by 2010.
Hindustan Times in its article on 11.7.06
declares that Delhi’s problem can’t be
solved before 2010 in any case. Not true!
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Are Delhi’s power problems big?
Delhi’s power requirements look
small in comparison to what we waste
by mismanagement of power.
Adding generation is slow and long
term as compared to power savingwhich can be done fast.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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National Level Statistics-T&D
India has the reputation of having thehighest distribution losses in the worldwith a figure of nearly 47%, rankingabove Burma with 36 % losses andBangladesh at 33 %.
How do we bring these losses downand become an energy surplus Nation?
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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National Level Statistics-Generation
All India Peak Load requirement for 2006~07 is 1,30,944MW. Installed capacity is 1,26,000 MW.
For the 10th Five year plan the capacity is to be
enhanced by 34,000 MW. Powerful energy management ideas can thus yield
saving of over 40,000 MW (1MU/day translates to around60MW) placing us years ahead in our march to energyavailability, sufficiency and increased efficiency of natural resource management plus lower pollutions.
We can thus very comfortably realize the governmentsdeclared goal of total self sufficiency of power by year 2012, much earlier.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Detrimental Environmental/
Financial effects
Unwanted increase in emissions of smoke andgas from burning of coal.
Increased lead pollution from use of lead-acidbatteries in Inverters and UPS systems.
Increased emission of smoke and gas fromgensets on account of burning of diesel/kerosene to take care of power shortages.
Rapid depletion of resources like petroleum and
coal. Besides the higher tariffs which the consumer
pays, the country also loses valuable foreignexchange.
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Is there a solution to all this wastage and chaos?
YES !
We have the solution….
7/27/2019 Power Losses
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Our Commitment
Whereas we are capable of achieving
savings of over 20,000 MW, we can help
save 5,000 MW in the first instance,provided a commitment is made to:
1. Implement the solutions nation-wide
2. Take care of our interests, commensuratewith the gains.