Power Conversion Basics

Power Conversion Basics

Introduction to low-power product range

(1 W – 100 W)

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

Basic Decisions that Identify which PI Product Family is Required:-

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Power supply

Input conditions1. Low line (90-132 VAC)

2. High Line (176-264 VAC)

3. Wide-range (90-264 VAC)

4. DC-DC

Output type1. O/P Current, Voltage

2. Constant Voltage (CV)

3. Constant current (CC)

4. Constant current and

constant voltage (CV/CC)

Power Supply Functions1. Type of enclosure (open frame/adapter)

2. Performance

3. Single or multi-output

4. Isolated or non-isolated

• Efficiency

• Output regulation/accuracy

• Output power

North America : 90 – 132 VAC

Europe : 176 – 264 VAC

China 176 – 264 VAC

Taiwan 90 – 132 VAC

Japan 90 – 132 VAC

India 176 – 264 VAC

…

Zimbabwe 176 – 264 VAC

Worldwide 90 – 264 VAC

Input Mains Voltage for Typical Applications


220 V / 50 Hz

220 V / 60 Hz

110 V / 60 Hz

110 V / 50 Hz

CV: Constant Voltage – drives electronicsMicroprocessors logic circuits, motor controls

CC: Constant Current – drives LED lighting

CV/CC: Constant Current and constant voltage – drives battery charging/electronics

Batteries need a CV/CC characteristic to charge, CV mode will run the electronicsCell-phone chargers – something with a battery

Customer should typically know whether they need CV, CC or CV/CCIf they don’t know, ask about the application (above)

Customer Equipment Requires Either Constant Current or Constant Voltage (or Both)


Isolated or Non-isolated


Most power supplies are isolatedPrevent dangerous (AC mains) voltage from coming into contact with the user

Typically used where the outputs are accessible

Isolation not needed if you cannot touch the electronics - like LED lamps

Isolated Power Needed Non-isolated Power OK

Isolated Power Conversion

Introduction to PI for Catalog Distribution Sales

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

Input filter and bridge rectifier turns AC input into high voltage DC and blocks noiseHigh voltage DC is switched by a high frequency power MOSFET driven by a controllerTransformer stores energy then transfers it to the output side

Provides isolationAdjusts voltage

Secondary rectifier diode and output capacitor turn secondary AC voltage into DC

Isolated Power Converters


The output voltage will shift if input voltage changes or if load changes

The controller will modify MOSFET switching to compensateInputs tell the controller how to adjust switching to maintain constant outputError signal derived from the primary-side = Primary-side Regulation (PSR)Secondary-side error signal = Secondary-side Regulation (SSR)

Keeping Output Constant – The Controller


PSRSSR

Output error signal

Description Primary-side Regulation Secondary-side Regulation

What the basic circuit looks like

Regulation OK : ± 5% Excellent : ± 1%

Benefits Lowest cost Best performance

ChallengesHard to design with, only for single output

More components means more cost and larger size

Typ. Applications Adapter, Low cost designs Consumer, industrial, telecom

Primary Side Regulation and Secondary-Side Regulation Have Different Benefits/Challenges


Isolation

barrier

Isolation

barrier

Apply this knowledge to Select the Best PI Product Family:-

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DC DC

Power integrations Supports Both Primary Side Regulation and Secondary Side Regulation


Power Supply

Isolated

Non-isolated

Primary-side Regulation

Secondary-side

Regulation

LinkSwitch™-III

LinkSwitch™-HP

TOPSwitch™-JX

TinySwitch™-4

LinkSwitch™-TN2

LED Lighting

Very High Efficiency

Covered Separately

Customers Typically Know What They NeedIf they Don’t :-


Start

?Non-isolated Isolated

Don’t

know PSR

? SSR

Don’t

know

TOPSwitch/TinySwitch

LinkSwitch-III/LinkSwitch-HP

Stop

Stop

LinkSwitch-TN2

Stop

DPA-Switch(Low voltage DC-DC)

LYTSwitch (LED Lighting)

InnoSwitch Family(> 90% efficient)

? Stop

Special

Application?

Covered Separately

?

Is Customer

familiar with PSR?

No – best to

recommend SSR

Part Family Choice is Based on O/P Power


Isolated

Non-isolated

TinySwitchSSR

PSR LinkSwitch-III

TOPSwitch

LinkSwitch-HP

10 W

12 W

LinkSwitch-TN2

5 W

25 W

Up to

200 W

TinySwitch TOPSwitch

At higher power use isolated families

Maximum output power is dependent on• input line (AC) voltage

• Cooling

• Enclosure type

• Customer spec. wrt device temperature

Power Integrations Part Numbering System Low and Mid-power Products – 3 digit codes


T O P 2 6 8 V G

Family and GenerationEither 2 or 3 digits

Low Power Products (< 100 W)TOP TOPSwitch

TNY TinySwitch

LNK LinkSwitch

INN InnoSwitch

LED Driver ProductsLYT LYTSwitch

Mid-power products (100-500 W)PFS HiperPFC PFC conversion

LCS HiperLCS Resonant switch

TFS HiperTFS Two-Switch forward

Load Management ICsCAP CAPZero

SEN SENZero

DiodesQH, LX, LQ Diode types

Device Size/Power-ratingIncreasing number for higher

power rating

Package OptionLetter describes package

• Surface mount

• Thru-hole

• Designed for heatsink

Material CodeHistorical - used to transition

products to Lead-free and green

(Halogen free) status

• G = Green

• N = Lead-free

• Blank = green/lead-free

The Good News is that ALL THIS IS DONE FOR YOU!!!

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL18

Product Selector Tool in PI Expert™


https://piexpertonline.power.com/

https://piexpertonline.power.com/

Winning with Power Integrations

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL20©2020 Power Integrations | www.power.com

Why you Will Win With Power Integrations

21

Highest level of integrationController, Driver, MOSFET

Protection features

Solutions to match all applicationsIsolated and non-isolated drivers

Widest power range

CV, CC and CV-CC output

Best performanceConstant high efficiency across load

Best light-load efficiency for standby

Lowest no-load consumption

Easy to use, rugged

Thermally optimized packages

Comprehensive protection Input and output overvoltage

Output overcurrent and short circuit

Open-loop and over temperature protection

Pin-short protection

Support MaterialsApplication Notes

Design Example Reports

Reference Design Kits

PI Expert™ Design SoftwarePIXLS

PI Transformer designer

Application Specific Micro-sites

Industry Standards Reference Page

©2016 Power Integrations | www.power.com COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

There are many applications for Power Integrations productsSeveral product families cover different application requirementsThe Selector tool helps you pick the right product for the application

Additional introductory training courses offered on:-1. TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch 2. InnoSwitch product family for ultra-high efficiency3. LED lighting products (LYTSwitch™ Families)4. SENZero and CAPZero for low standby consumption at high power5. Qspeed Diodes – performance of Silicon carbide, cost of Silicon6. Mid-power from 100 W – 500 W7. High power IGBT driving (5 kW and above)

Power integrations Provides Many Solutions


Questions to Ask

1. Input voltage• Low-line (90 -132 VAC)

• High-line (176 – 264 VAC)

• Wide Range

• DC-DC

2. Output required• Constant voltage (CV)

• Constant current (CC)

• CV and CC

3. Isolated or non-isolated

4. Power type• Open-frame

• Adapter

5. Single or multi-output• Output volts and amps required

Documents

Power Conversion Basics