Energy Conversion Basics

8/3/2019 Energy Conversion Basics

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Engineering OpportunitiesEngineering Opportunities

in thein theElectric Power IndustryElectric Power Industry

Tom FergusonTom FergusonVice PresidentVice President --Power Delivery andPower Delivery and

TransmissionTransmission

Minnesota PowerMinnesota Power

UMD ECE 1001 November 9, 2004


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TopicsTopics

BasicsBasics Blackout of August 14, 2003Blackout of August 14, 2003 DuluthDuluth--Wausau Transmission ProjectWausau Transmission Project The Industrys FutureThe Industrys Future



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Elements of a Power SystemElements of a Power System

GenerationGeneration

TransmissionTransmission

DistributionDistribution

OtherOther


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What Makes Power SystemsWhat Makes Power Systems

Unique?Unique? Speed of Light DeliverySpeed of Light Delivery No StorageNo Storage Thousands of MachinesThousands of Machines DC to Optical TechnologiesDC to Optical Technologies

Solar ImpactsSolar Impacts Geographic ExtentGeographic Extent


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Energy Conversion BasicsEnergy Conversion Basics

Converter

Fuel Electricity

Losses


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Energy Conversion BasicsEnergy Conversion Basics

Converter

Fuel

(Chemical, Hydraulic,

Nuclear, Wind)

Electricity

Losses (Thermal, electrical)


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Traditional GenerationTraditional Generation

CoalCoal

NuclearNuclear

HydroHydro

GasGas

OilOil


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Emerging GenerationEmerging Generation

Coal GassificationCoal Gassification

Advanced NuclearAdvanced Nuclear

BiomassBiomass

WindWind

SolarSolar DistributedDistributedGenerationGeneration


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High Voltage TransmissionHigh Voltage Transmission

LinesLines SubstationsSubstations

Protective SystemsProtective Systems Control CentersControl Centers


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The Blackout of August 14,The Blackout of August 14,

20032003


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The Blackout of August 14, 2003The Blackout of August 14, 2003

60,000+ Megawatts Lost60,000+ Megawatts Lost East Coast, Ohio River Valley, OntarioEast Coast, Ohio River Valley, Ontario No substantial damage to gridNo substantial damage to grid Systems worked, but humans erredSystems worked, but humans erred

Huge political eventHuge political event

New industry oversightNew industry oversight


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The Blackout of August 14, 2003The Blackout of August 14, 2003

Who to Blame?Who to Blame? TerroristsTerrorists HackersHackers

Misguided regulators (Deregulation)Misguided regulators (Deregulation) Greedy Utilities and MarketersGreedy Utilities and Marketers Complacent System OperatorsComplacent System Operators Federal Government/State GovernmentFederal Government/State Government

Republicans/DemocratsRepublicans/Democrats EnvironmentalistsEnvironmentalists NIMBYsNIMBYs CustomersCustomers


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NYISO Interface Ties

August 14, 2003

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

16:05 16:06 16:07 16:08 16:09 16:10 16:11 16:12 16:13 16:14 16:15

023316_PJM-NYPP_

023317_OH-NYPP_

013051_OH

-MICHIGAN_OH

023324_HQ - NYPP_

023318_NEPEX-NYPP_


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Regional Lightning June 25, 1998


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1995 Energy Usage by State

GWH

Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Illinois Nebraska S. Dakota N. Dakota

Rank

2nd


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10

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1

NumberofEVHandHVInterties

Transmission Interties by State

Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Illinois Nebraska S. Dakota N. Dakota

RankLast


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The Industrys FutureThe Industrys Future


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The Future . . . A Vision for theThe Future . . . A Vision for theGrid Dominated By:Grid Dominated By:

Power ElectronicsPower Electronics Digital ControlsDigital Controls TwoTwo--way Meteringway Metering

Distributed ResourcesDistributed Resources Robust Renewables PortfolioRobust Renewables Portfolio Supportive Regulatory EnvironmentSupportive Regulatory Environment


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Highest Activity (related to growth)Highest Activity (related to growth)

Generator Manufacturing and ConstructionGenerator Manufacturing and Construction

Control Systems and Intelligent SystemsControl Systems and Intelligent Systems

Power Flow and Stability AnalysisPower Flow and Stability Analysis

Distribution NetworksDistribution Networks

Environmental SystemsEnvironmental Systems


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Major EmployersMajor Employers

UtilitiesUtilities

Power MarketersPower Marketers

System OperatorsSystem Operators

ManufacturersManufacturers

Consulting FirmsConsulting Firms

RegulatorsRegulators

EducationEducation

Research andResearch and

DevelopmentDevelopment


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What Makes Power Unique?What Makes Power Unique?

ComplexComplex Digital Control across Large RegionsDigital Control across Large Regions Expensive Assets, High StakesExpensive Assets, High Stakes Cross DisciplinaryCross Disciplinary Crosshairs of DeregulationCrosshairs of Deregulation Fundamental to Economic SecurityFundamental to Economic Security


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My RecommendationsMy Recommendations

Pursue registrationPursue registration

Be a spokesperson for technologyBe a spokesperson for technology

Develop communication skillsDevelop communication skills

Understand businessUnderstand business

Get involved in industry, communityGet involved in industry, community

Carry the right attitudeCarry the right attitude

Always, always learnAlways, always learn

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Energy Conversion Basics