Poultry Digest August/September 2012

PrintPost Approved PP243096/00007 ISSN 1444-8041

Volume 28, Number 1

August/September 2012 $6.60

Importanceof flock uniformity – how can we improveit in broilers?

Trainingsesssions at SydneyUniversityfor newElancoHealthTrackingSchemestaff

ProTen expansion continues in the Riverina

Why check selenomethioninelevels in selenium yeast?

PoultryDigest

PDAugSep2012:PDFEBMAR09 2/10/12 4:05 PM Page 1

Vaxsafe® PM is a new product funded by the Australian Poultry CRCfor the Australian poultry farmer to help control Fowl Cholera.

This live vaccine o�ers signi�cant improvements in controlof Pasteurella multocida (PM) over previous vaccines.

Its broad protection means it is the �rst stop forPM control irrespective of what PM you have.

Brought to you by Bioproperties to help prevent blood from staining the wattle**Apologies to Henry Lawson

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POULTRY DIGEST, August/September 2012 3

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PouLtrY DiGeSt consists of a bi-monthly managementmagazine and an annual industry review. Published by C D Supplies Pty Ltd (ACN 091 560 557)

Production: rosemary emberyemail: [email protected]

NewS

4 feedworks Coolum Conference 2012 feedworks held its 2012 Animal Nutrition & Production Systems Conference atCoolum on Queensland’s Sunshine Coast on September 12 to 15. the theme forthis popular event was ‘Be it evolution or revolution – the only thing that isConstant is Change’.

27 the future of poultry production efficiency and food safety – where to now?

As the poultry industry moves into a period of further hikes in feed costs, feed efficiency is more important now than ever, but what does this mean for food safety?Alltech’s Poultry Solutions Seminar, ‘the production efficiency and food safety puzzle – where to now?’ will take place on the November 12, 2012 in Germany.

32 Santrev increases presence on worldwide poultry stage

Santrev has continued to increase its presence on the worldwide poultry stage bysetting up its Peruvian sales team and meeting with the top five local poultry companies.

38 training sessions at Sydney university for new elanco Health tracking Scheme

on August 1, 2012 tugrul Durali DVM, technical Service Manager for red LeaPoultry Sydney, hosted a training session for elanco and red Lea technical staffworking on the elanco tracking Scheme at university of Sydney Camden Campus.

10 COVER STORy ProTen expansion continues in the Riverina

The expansion of major contract broiler supplier ProTen continues as the first stage ofthe new 300 acre Rothdene farm complex near Rankin Springs in the Riverina regionof NSW nears completion.

28 NUTRITION FEATURE Why check selenomethionine levels in selenium yeast?

QA departments of Trouw Nutrition International and Selko Feed Additives performeda laboratory analysis of selenised yeast product samples sourced in the EU and USA.Results show large differences between product samples on selenomethionine (SeMet)levels, the most effective and active compound in selenised yeast.

20 NutritioN feAture Imprtance of flock uniformity – how can we improve it in broilers?

It is well recognised that broiler uniformity is beneficial for optimal performance onfarm. With a better homogeneity the nutrient requirements for the individual birds areless variable and less safety margin is needed to meet the requirements of all birds.

Daniel Bryant, ProTen.

August/September 2012Volume 28, Number 1

Contents

PoultryDigest

Vaxsafe® PM is a new product funded by the Australian Poultry CRCfor the Australian poultry farmer to help control Fowl Cholera.

This live vaccine o�ers signi�cant improvements in controlof Pasteurella multocida (PM) over previous vaccines.

Its broad protection means it is the �rst stop forPM control irrespective of what PM you have.

Brought to you by Bioproperties to help prevent blood from staining the wattle**Apologies to Henry Lawson

Phone (03) 9876 0567Fax (03) 9876 0556bioproperties.com.au

Vaxsafe PM

The new vaccine for Fowl Cholera

NEW PRODUCTS46 Koozii: new Roxell community nest


4 POULTRY DIGEST, August/September 2012

NewS

feedworks Coolum Conference 2012

By PETER BEDWELL

1. Dr Patrick Garland, Premier

Nutrition, UK. 2. Dr Andrew

Harker, Danisco. 3. Dr Rob van

Barneveld, Becan Consulting.

4. Malcom Motram, Managing

Partner Feedworks.CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 w

1

2

3

4

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Feedworks held its 2012 Animal Nutrition& Production Systems Conference atCoolum on Queensland’s Sunshine Coaston September 12 to 15.

The theme for this popular event was‘Be it Evolution or Revolution – The onlything that is Constant is Change’.

On the evening of September 12,Malcolm Mottram, Managing Partner ofFeedworks, welcomed guests and intro-duced the first speaker, Tony Edwards,BECAN consulting group.

The topic ‘40+40 – How change hasimpacted us and will impact us in thefuture’ was addressed by Mr Edwards andthen Dr Rob van Barneveld.

The pair are probably better known asnutritionists for the pork sector but theissues they covered, including shifts in politics, animal welfare improving technol-ogy and changes in meat consumption patterns, apply to both the pig and poultrysectors.

“In 40 years the population willincrease to 9.2 billion and consumerdemand will increase as developing coun-tries become more wealthy.

“There will be a need to increase foodproduction by between 70 and 100%:demand is increasing by 2% a year butfood production is only increasing by 1%,”Mr Edwards explained.

Dr van Barneveld stated that withoutchange the future for meat industries couldbe grim and that current livestock produc-tion is based on a philosophy of abundancewhich is wrong as competition for grain,not only for human consumption but forthe folly of ethanol production increasinglysqueezes supply.

“In the future the more efficient live-stock industries like poultry productionwould make more sense than rearing cattleas grain supply tightens,” he said.

“We have to drive change in our industry to ensure livestock make a netcontribution to food production,” he said.

“We have the overall capacity to meetglobal food demands and livestock needs to‘value add’ to food production by convert-ing nutrients that cannot enter the humanfood chain into valuable protein and energy.

“Livestock should not compete forhigh demand resources as part of the foodchain,” Dr van Barneveld added.

“The role and scope of the nutritionistwill significantly increase as part of the live-stock production cycle,” he concluded.

On the September 13 the first speakerwas Dr Stuart Wilkinson from theUniversity of Sydney who delivered apaper, ‘Animals eat protein not carbs’.

This paper was prepared by DrWilkinson and Professor Aaron Cowieson,Director of the Poultry Research founda-tion at the University of Sydney.

Given the current influence onAustralia retailer policy by managementwith experience in the competitive UKmarket, Dr Partick Garland from UK basedPremier Nutrition next delivered anoverview of aspects of the UK poultryindustry.

His paper was entitled ‘PracticalNutrition in a changing environment – UKPerspective.’

“Pressures on UK feed raw material(RM) supply and selection included a 2.5-3million tonne demand on wheat forethanol production and retailer restrictionon RM selection including nil animal fat,non GM soya (though this is changing),vegetable protein only based diets, reduc-tion in antibiotic use, welfare directedbroiler stocking density of 30 kg /m, andthe latest initiative – diet formulation tocarbon footprint,” Dr Garland revealed.

“Major changes in the layer industryfrom 2010 to 2011 included a drop in freerange production of around 12% and a bigdrop in colony and barn laid (which consumers had difficulty in understanding)of nearly 40%,” he said.

“Free range, however retains a signifi-cant market presence (50%) where smallproducers, with typical flock size of 3000birds, have a big presence in overall pro-duction.

“Typical codes for free range layerfarms are 2500 hens/HA under EU regula-tion and 2000 birds/HA under the BritishLion Code. In 2011 the margin per birdfor free range farmers was around sevenUK pounds,” he added.

“Despite regulation formulated in theEU to ban cage production, 23% of birdshere are still housed in conventional cageswhereas in the UK growers have abided bynew regulation on cages,” Dr Garland said.

“In broiler production shortage ofavailable land for farm construction com-bined with feed pressures and compliance


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CONTINUED ON PAGE 44 w

1. Dr Pierre Cronje, R&D consultant.

2. Money saving FeedMeter.

3. Dr Dave Cadogan, Feedworks.

4. Dr Jonathan Broomhead,

Diamond V Poultry.

1

2

3

4

v CONTINUED FROM PAGE 4


with planning authority requirementsmeant that cost of production was goingthrough the roof,” he said.

Dr Dave Cadogan, in his paper ‘ Thefacts and myths of dietary fibre’ delivered anumber of key take home messages includ-ing, “lignin is not a carbohydrate, pectin ishigh in fruit and lupin hulls are similar innet energy to wheat.”

‘Animal nutrition within Dupont –applying science to find solutions for somebig challenges in the animal protein industry’ was the topic for Dr AndrewHarker, Business Unit Director atDuPont/Danisco Animal Nutrition.

The opening statement by Dr Harkerthat “every day another 150,000 peoplejoined humanity” focused attention onresources in both food and energy.

“The big three challenges for his busi-ness were, he stated, “food, energy andindependence from fossil based fuel”.

“DuPont as a global organisation has aturnover of $38 billion and held a clearfocus on keeping people and the environ-ment safe in its quest to solve the problemsof food and fuel.

“Sugar is becoming the ‘new oil’ andcorn based ethanol is just a stepping stoneinto an era of more sustainable biofuels,”he said.

On specific products for the poultryindustry in the pipeline, Dr Harker mentioned the new Axtra phytase thatwould help to deliver improved efficiencyin poultry diets of a range of grain baseddiets and raw materials including DDGS.

Dr Pierre Cronje is one of those speak-ers on scientific matters that goes waybeyond just delivery of facts and proposi-tions. He weaves a story around his subjectand takes his audience on a journey of discovery.

His paper was ‘Diabetes researchreveals a new mode of action for betaine:implications for the prevention of fattyliver in the poultry and livestock industries.’

Without doubt this issue is of relevanceto the poultry industry but also to humanhealth.

“Fatty liver is closely associated withdiabetes and 1 in 5 of the population inwestern developed societies suffer fromsome degree of fatty liver resulting in a fairdegree of morality,” he revealed.

“In poultry, fatty liver depressesimmune competence and is therefore ofwelfare and economic concern,” he said.

In delivering his second paper of theday, ‘Omega 3 fatty acids and their impor-

tance in productivity,’ Dr Stuart Wilkinsonspoke about the importance of Omega 3fatty acids in not only intensive livestockproduction, but human health as well.

He revealed that his research had covered some interesting physcological aswell as nutritional aspects of fatty acid presence in diets and some possible conse-quences of the lack of it.

In concluding his findings DrWilkinson suggested that proportions of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)should be considered, not just the PUFA:SFA (saturated fatty acids) ratio.

“Prolonged exposure to diets with ahigh n-6:n-3 PUFA may be detrimental,and fatty acids have differing physcologicalroles,” he said.

“No recommendations are currentlyavailable for either pigs or poultry,” he concluded.

On the September 14 in theMonogastric session, Dr Gary Partridge(Technical Services Manager DuPont/Danisco Animal Nutrition) and Dr AlexPeron (Aspac Technical Services ManagerDuPont/Danisco Animal Nutrition) jointlycovered their topic, ‘Back to the future incustomer solutions from Danisco andDuPont’.

They spoke about the new AXTRAproduct range and ‘the great Betainedebate’, a reference to organic and HCIproduct alternatives.

Dr Peter Scott (Scolexia Pty Ltd) thenspoke on ‘Why blending diets on a layerfarm just makes ‘cents’.

Dr Scott opened his presentation byposing the question, “Do producers realisethat the differeence between a 95 gram anda 115 gram intake ration is between $40 to$60 ?”

Describing the Feedlogic trial at a purpose built layer farm operated byScolexia in which there were, “phasedration feeding intended to achieve variousdesired outcomes,” Dr Scott said.

“Key factors revealed during the‘Feedlogic’ trial included the production ofsome large eggs but moderately high recovery and medium sized eggs through-out the trial with high recovery levels(97.5%). Also minimal numbers or earlylay ‘small eggs’ with overall production of aconstant sized egg,” Dr Scott reported.

“On the topic of costs saving achievedusing the Feedlogic technology there was a19 cents decrease in feed costs over theperiod of the study and a 33 cents savingover a full year.



ProTen expansion continues in the Riverina

By PETER BEDWELL

The expansion of major contractbroiler supplier ProTen continues as thefirst stage of the new 300 acre Rothdenefarm complex near Rankin Springs in theRiverina region of NSW nears completion.

When Poultry Digest visited the new

development in mid September, 10 shedsof the first 12 shed unit were complete andoccupied, and the final two sheds will beoperational by October, according toProTen CEO Daniel Bryant.

About 800 metres away the secondunit, also of 12 sheds will be complete bymid March 2013.

The sheds, all built by R & DGSanday, each hold 54,000 birds, are 17m x160m in size with a floor area of 2720square metres.

They conform to well proven ‘cleanskin’ shed design with no exposed trusses,columns or internal bracing.

R & DG Sanday also built the 16sheds for ProTen at its Henderson Farmnear Serpentine south of Perth in WA andthe combined expertise of both companieshas resulted in a shed design that is wellmanaged and delivers high levels of consis-tent efficiency. w

“By using the best available technologyand shed design, our Henderson propertyhas been topping the pool for more thantwo years,” Daniel said.

Ron Sanday described some of theother design features that help to deliverreliability and ease of use as well outrightperformance.

“The ‘Dog Box’ area around the coolpads is fabricated from steel and alumini-um, not only for strength but by avoidingthe use of timber, which can becomeporous and biosecurity risk is reduced,” heexplained.

“A critical feature of the shed design isthe floating system for mounting the coolcells that compensates for movementcaused by expansion and contraction of theconcrete shed base. We use air tight rubberenclosed telescopic footings in the supportframes to achieve stability,” Ron explained.

Both Daniel Bryant and Ron Sanday

The first 12 shed unit at the ProTen Rothdene Farm are nearing completion.

Insert photo: Proten General Manager Daniel Bryant (left) and Farm Manager Bill Hight.


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agree on the importance of using a locallysupplied and fabricated steel shed framestructure.

“We believe that by using a locally produced steel frame structure we canensure consistency of quality and reducethe risk of any hold up in delivery.

“That’s very important when we haveto finish a shed in less than two weeks inorder to comply with our delivery scheduleon the Rothdene farm,” Ron stated.

“In fact our construction strategies andshed design have allowed us to finish shedsin as little as 10 days,” he added.

Frame fabrication and cool pad areasalong with the ‘clean skin’ shed interiors arethe ‘big features’ of the R & DG Sandayshed but it is smaller detail that adds to theuseability and efficiency of the sheds.

All personnel access (PA) doors are sliding rather than hinged so the inevitableexpansion and contraction of the shedstructure doesn’t cause ‘sticky’ operation.

“This is an important OH & S issue asa PA door jam would have to be seen as asafety issue,” Ron said.

Daniel Bryant, when taking PoultryDigest on a tour of the finished sheds aswell as those under construction, pointedto the mounting of the lights set up in amanner that reduces air flow disturbancefrom the wall mounted mini vents.

“It’s a small detail but we rely on optimal performance from the minimumventilation system, not only to keep thebirds happy but also to reduce energycosts,” he said.

In operation the sheds are designed forsplit sex housing and in typical productionfour to five pick ups are made to satisfy allmarket categories for broiler meat product.

Sheds apart, the investment in support-ing infrastructure on the farm is both considerable and comprehensive.

Though water is available from thelocal authorities, a 100 megalitre dam hasbeen constructed as a back up.

Water is moved through a filtrationand chlorination plant, then into huge supply tanks to be transmitted to the shedsthemselves.

A lot of effort has gone into landscap-ing the site and once complete, there willbe more than 10,000 trees planted toimprove the appearance of the overall farmas well as reducing wind and dust issues.

“As well as supporting locally producedmanufacturing in as far as is possible for the construction program, we arepleased to be able to offer employmentopportunities for a local workforce,” Danielsaid.

Apart from the shed construction thesupply of ancillary equipment is largelyattributable to the Bigeni family-runPatarker company.

v

1. Australian steel framework on new sheds at second site. 2. Water treatment

management system. 3. Patarker supplied Roxell silos and cross augers.

4. Attention to detail: roof lights mounted in air flow direction improving ventila-

tion performance. 5. Water treatment shed with wheat crop in the background.w

1

3

4

5

2


Modern realisation of the successful A-frame principleNatura Nova twin has been developed on the basis of the well-proven A-frame principle. The hens are able to act out their natural behaviour and move from higher to lower levels and back, thus distributing evenly throug-hout the entire system.

Big Dutchman International GmbH, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 4447 801-0, Fax +49 (0) 4447 801-237, [email protected], BD Agriculture (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Tel. +60-3-33615555, Fax +60-3-33422866, [email protected], Big Dutchman Representatives for Australia & New Zealand, Stephen Cadwallader, Mobile + 61-417005462 (AUS), Mobile +64-21525942 (NZ), [email protected], Mike Mc Naught, Mobile +61-428271056 (AUS), Mobile +64-21893333 (NZ), [email protected], Big Dutchman Agents for Australia, Australasian Agricultural Services Pty. Ltd., Tel. +61-7-33960166, Fax +61-7-33960266, [email protected], Stockyard Industries, Australia, Mobile +61-427601605, [email protected], Big Dutchman Agent for New Zealand, Agrieze Ltd., Tel +64-078738900, Mobile +64-276880317, [email protected]

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Rugged construction, ideal flock controlNatura Nova Twin allows for optimum flock control with easy access to all are-as. Management of both the birds and equipment is improved. Big Dutchman has in excess of 10 million bird places in aviary systems world wide.

Easy reliable production startBy its integrated design it’s possible to shut the birds temporarily into the system during their initial housing. This helps to familiarize the birds with the 3 dimensio-nal environment, thus reducing misplaced eggs and allowing the hens lower down the social order to find a comfort zone.

High share of usable area and very good utilisation of the buildingHigher stocking densities are achieved in the house due to anadditional 8.5m² per running meter of bird area available in the system.


Modern realisation of the successful A-frame principleNatura Nova twin has been developed on the basis of the well-proven A-frame principle. The hens are able to act out their natural behaviour and move from higher to lower levels and back, thus distributing evenly throug-hout the entire system.

Big Dutchman International GmbH, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 4447 801-0, Fax +49 (0) 4447 801-237, [email protected], BD Agriculture (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Tel. +60-3-33615555, Fax +60-3-33422866, [email protected], Big Dutchman Representatives for Australia & New Zealand, Stephen Cadwallader, Mobile + 61-417005462 (AUS), Mobile +64-21525942 (NZ), [email protected], Mike Mc Naught, Mobile +61-428271056 (AUS), Mobile +64-21893333 (NZ), [email protected], Big Dutchman Agents for Australia, Australasian Agricultural Services Pty. Ltd., Tel. +61-7-33960166, Fax +61-7-33960266, [email protected], Stockyard Industries, Australia, Mobile +61-427601605, [email protected], Big Dutchman Agent for New Zealand, Agrieze Ltd., Tel +64-078738900, Mobile +64-276880317, [email protected]

NATURA Nova twinF O R L A Y E R S I N F L O O R A N D F R E E - R A N G E M A N A G E M E N T

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Rugged construction, ideal flock controlNatura Nova Twin allows for optimum flock control with easy access to all are-as. Management of both the birds and equipment is improved. Big Dutchman has in excess of 10 million bird places in aviary systems world wide.

Easy reliable production startBy its integrated design it’s possible to shut the birds temporarily into the system during their initial housing. This helps to familiarize the birds with the 3 dimensio-nal environment, thus reducing misplaced eggs and allowing the hens lower down the social order to find a comfort zone.

High share of usable area and very good utilisation of the buildingHigher stocking densities are achieved in the house due to anadditional 8.5m² per running meter of bird area available in the system.


Call for a quote: Etienne Misfud on Mob: 0428 481 811 or 0417 481 811 Office: (02) 4774 8764

Fax: (02) 4774 8415 Email: [email protected]

R & E SHEDSBuilt to Last

• Over 20 years experience in building poultry and machinery sheds• All styles of sheds – conventional, free range and tunnel sheds• Well known reputation for fast and efficient erection time without compromising good quality workmanship

• As the owner of R&E Sheds, Etienne Misfud oversees the whole job fromstart to finish

• Repairs, extensions, insurance work to any existing sheds• All sheds can be customised to suit any clients’ needs• All structural steel work manufactured at R&E Sheds, so no delays on completion of the project

• No project too small or large• We travel to all areas of Australia and New Zealand• Fully licenced to build interstate or overseas

R & E SHEDSIt supplied the Roxell grain silos andcross auger systems and pan feeders;drinkers are Roxell pipe with Lubing nipples/cups.

Patarker also suppled the Hired Handgas heaters, the rack and pinion systems forcool cell housing and the Fancom winchsystem for the mini vents: the mini ventsthemselves were supplied by Skov.

Patarker was involved also in the installation and commissioning of all internal and external shed equipment, allelectrical installations including internalelectrical, mains supply, amenities blocksand managers residences.

The company was also responsible forthe design and installation the backuppower systems, the design and installationof the alarm paging system and the train-ing of staff.

Daniel Bryant pointed out the LEDlight display on the Patarker supplied shedelectrical control panels that allows shedmanagers to see at a glance which of thevarious shed climate control and feedercomponents are operating.

The main Euromme fans, shed con-trollers and cool pads were supplied directby Munters.

Discussing the whole project andfuture of the broiler meat industry inAustralia, Daniel Bryant said “to remainviable in a high volume low margin busi-ness we have to work with our integrator(which in the case of Rothdene, is Baiada)to help in containing operational costs.

“Though Australia, given reasonableseasons is a highly competitive grain pro-ducer, pressures like the current drought inthe US mean that feed costs are driven byfactors over which we have little control.

“By using the best available technologyon our farms we have to strive to achieve

v

Top: 10 out of the 12 shed unit are completed. Back up 100 mega litre storage

dam. Centre: Patarker suppplied Roxell feeders, Roxell Pipe with Lubing

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R & E SHEDSPDAugSep2012:PDFEBMAR09 2/10/12 4:05 PM Page 15

YOUR BUSINESS.OUR BIRD.

AN AVIAGEN BRANDAV I AG E N .C O M

G L O B A L L E A D E R . L O C A L PA R T N E R . R I G H T C H O I C E .

Our bird, the Ross 308 o�ers a valuable balance of breeder and broiler traits that fully support your business.

The Ross 308 breeder has good fertility, high egg and chick numbers together with a broiler giving the

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ANZ

the best possible performance on a consis-tent basis,” he said.

“Using high levels of automation wecan also lower the disadvantages of highAustralian labour costs. We will operateRothdene with four on-site managers andsix full time workers.

“Always a consideration on broilerfarms is biosecurity and we have appliedstrict protocols to minimise risk both byaccess to the site and in the design of thesheds which are easy to clean and keepbiosecure.

“The site itself, being remote fromother poultry farms and population centresgives us a great start in our efforts to minimise risk of disease entering the property,” Daniel said.

It is interesting to note that all ofProTen’s farms and proposed future developments at this stage concentratepurely on providing broiler meat from efficient intensive and contained shedding.

“Obviously the integrators we supply,like Baiada, offer products from alternativeproduction systems but our operations concentrate on intensive production usingthe best available technology.

“It is noticeable that in Europe, whereboth organic and free range production systems were a significant part of the overall market, the alternative sector collapsed when economic conditions tooka downturn.

“ Though chicken continues to be popular with consumers, it has to be recognised that in the overall protein market, price sensitivity is a critical factorand we recognise that in our businessmodel,” Daniel concluded.

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the controller unit. 4. Cool cell area.

Floating system mounted to compen-

sate for expansion/contraction.

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YOUR BUSINESS.OUR BIRD.

AN AVIAGEN BRANDAV I AG E N . C O M

G L O B A L L E A D E R . L O C A L PA R T N E R . R I G H T C H O I C E .

Our bird, the Ross 308 o�ers a valuable balance of breeder and broiler traits that fully support your business.

The Ross 308 breeder has good fertility, high egg and chick numbers together with a broiler giving the

best daily live weight gains, excellent yield and very competitive feed conversion. The Ross 308 is providing

the performance improvements that you can capture in your company. Future breeder and broiler value is

enhanced by a genetic program with annual improvements that truly surpass the competitors and will keep

our bird and your business together in the fore front of your industry.

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It is well recognised that broiler uniformity is beneficial foroptimal performance on farm. With a better homogeneity thenutrient requirements for the individual birds are less variable andless safety margin is needed to meet the requirements of all birds.

Therefore, feed cost can be saved and performance improved.However, it is not only on farm level that less variation in birdweight improves efficiency.

Today, a large part of broiler meat is purchased by retailersand fast food chains. These customers have rather tight specifica-tions for their purchase and failing to meet these specificationsimpairs the value of the output from the processing plant.

As discussed by Cosgrift (2008), the lower value is related toseveral stages in the slaughtering and processing of the broilers. Itis estimated that the value of carcasses out of spec decreases bymore than 40 %. Thus, poor broiler uniformity can be a verycostly matter.

In this article some of the reasons for broiler variation will bediscussed and recommendations will be given to reduce theimpact of feed on broiler flock homogeneity.

Additionally the actual measurement of homogeneity will bediscussed as it is important to be able to detect when homogeneity on farm level is less good in order to activelyimprove it.

Factors affecting broiler uniformityThe main reasons for flock variation are related to the breed,

sex of the bird and farm management. For years, one of the majorbreeding goals has been to improve uniformity by selection ofpure lines. This practice has led to much higher homogeneity in

genetic potential of today’s broilers. Regarding the sex induced variation it can of course be eliminated

by sexing the birds but this practice is quite laborious and costly.With modern broiler breeds the difference in growth pattern offemale and male birds up to a certain age has been reduced to a levelwhere most broilers farmers operate with ‘as-hatched’ grow out programs in whole-bird production systems.

The main reason for poor uniformity today is related to the verybroad term ‘management’.

One of the major factors within management is of course feedingpractice and in the following we will discuss how that can have animpact on flock uniformity.

Effect of feed homogeneity on flock uniformity

As genetic potential sets the upper limit for performance, theexpected variation will decrease when actual performance gets closer to this limit and the further away the actual performance isfrom the genetic potential the higher the variation can be expected.

Thus, all nutrients should be present in sufficient quantities tocover requirements for optimal growth.

As variation in nutrient intake can occur due to inconsistent feedcomposition caused by poor dosing accuracy or incomplete mixingof feed ingredients, it is likely that these two factors affect perfor-mance of broilers.

However, there are not many studies exploring this effect of feedhomogeneity on broiler performance and flock homogeneity, but thefew studies that have been conducted clearly show an effect of poorfeed homogeneity on performance.

Ciftci and Ercan (2003) showed how improved feed homogene-ity reduced the variation of slaughter weight in female and malebroilers (Figure 1), and Duncan (1989) reported lower performancein broiler starters when feed homogeneity was decreased (Table 1).

NutritioN feAture

importance of flock uniformity –how can we improve it in broilers?By torBeN G. MADSeN, evonik industries, Health & Nutrition feed additives, Singapore and JACoB r PeDerSeN, Lantmaennen Danpo A/S Denmark

www.evonik.com/[email protected]

Evonik Australia Pty Ltd Suites & | Ricketts Road | Mt Waverley, VIC, . + - | + - - [email protected]

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Evonik Australia Pty Ltd Suites & | Ricketts Road | Mt Waverley, VIC, . + - | + - - [email protected]

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The EC Shed Ventilation system is the latest high effi ciency, high performance ventilation system allowing for the optimum performance of animal sheds as well as the effective drying of grain systems through:

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NutritioN feAtureIt has been argued that poor feed

homogeneity mainly affects early lifegrowth as it was shown by Duncan (1989)where feed intake per chick is relatively lowand that broilers to a large extent can com-pensate impaired finisher phase.

However, with the constant reductionin days to slaughter the starter period inmodern broilers will account for a highershare of total lifespan.

This makes the period for compensatorygrowth shorter and shorter over time and ithas been shown in a number of studies thatimpaired broiler performance in the starterperiod due to lower amino acid contentwill affect overall performance.

Thus, impaired performance in thestarter period is likely to have a negativeeffect on final weight, i.e. poor homogeneityat end of the starter period can be expectedto persist until slaughter.

Dosing and mixing of dry amino acids isfavorable for feed homogeneity

Flock uniformity is not only deter-mined by the nutrient specifications usedfor feed formulation but also by how evenly the nutrients are distributed in thefeed mix.

The question is therefore how we makesure that feed is homogenous and that theamino acids are evenly distributed in thefeed mix.

The following diagrams (Figure 3)illustrate the results of AMINOBatch testswhich determine the coefficient of varia-tion in feed mixtures, comparing the performance of dry versus liquid aminoacid additions.

Compared under equal production conditions in the field, almost 40% of allCVs applying dry additives were good (CV <

5%) and almost 80% were good or fair (CV< 10%). On the other hand, just 22% of allresults for liquid applications were good andalmost 50% were poor (CV > 10%).

Thus, using liquid products for aminoacid supplementation in feed productioncan be regarded as a risk factor for properfeed homogeneity.

Effect of essential nutrient supplementation levels

As mentioned it is well documentedthat deficient levels of essential amino acidswill have a negative effect on performancein broilers. This effect will be most pronounced for methionine or sulphurcontaining amino acids as they are regardedas first limiting.

Basically, the response in animal perfor-mance to methionine concentration in feedfollows the law of diminishing returns,which means that increasing levels ofmethionine in feed will yield ever smallerincrements in performance until reaching amaximum which is determined by thegenetic potential of the animal and the prevailing environment and managementconditions.

Using the respective response curvesthe optimum dietary amino acid levels formaximising weight gain or breast meatyield or for minimising feed conversion canbe derived.

However, these calculations are normallybased on the dietary effects on average performance of a flock but not consideringthe effects of dietary amino acid imbalanceon uniformity of the broiler flock.

A trial was therefore conducted wherewe looked at the effect of graded levels ofdietary methionine on variability (CV) forbody weight and breast meat yield as a

measure for uniformity (Table 2). As the results show there were strong

effects on average performance of liveweight and breast meat and interestinglythe flock uniformity was also stronglyimproved by the supplementation of DL-Methionine.

In addition, the body weight distribu-tion curve was calculated for the four levelsof DL-Methionine supplementation.

As shown in Figure 2, only a very small fraction of the birds was actually within thetarget range of 1700 to 1900 g when theyreceived feed without DL-Methionine supplementation.

In contrast, the fraction within the target range improved considerably at thehighest methionine supplementation level.As mentioned above the improvement inflock uniformity will have a huge impacton the value of the broilers when processedto the final product.

Although everybody can agree that uniformity is important it has been diffi-cult to measure and consequently differen-tiate between farmers that produce broilerswith good flock homogeneity and thosewith less good results.

When flock homogeneity is not considered in the payment schemes theexperience tells us that it is very difficult toimprove. This has and still is a major hurdle to overcome.

However, there are now some promis-ing experiences from the Danish broilerindustry with photometric imaging ofbroiler carcasses showing that it is possibleto assess carcass size and composition forindividual birds at the slaughter house(Pedersen, 2009).

The system is based on equations thatCONTINUED ON PAGE 26 w

v


The EC Shed Ventilation system is the latest high effi ciency, high performance ventilation system allowing for the optimum performance of animal sheds as well as the effective drying of grain systems through:

EC Shed Ventilation

The engineer’s choice

Up to 90% energy-savings Reliable performance One of the highest effi ciencies available Superior German technology

ebm-papst is a trusted performer, supplying local A&NZ markets for over 25 years.

Very Positive Positive – Negative – – Very Negative

Experience the high effi ciency of

Features EC high effi ciency(New technology)

AC low effi ciency(Current Industry Standard)

For more information visit www.ebmpapst.com.au or call 1800 764 440 or (03) 9360 6400

Integrated Integrated

with switch

power supply

External Phase-angle

control

Phase-angle

control with

sine fi lter

Frequency

inverter

Frequency

inverter with

sine fi lter

Installation – – – – – –

Noise behaviour – – – –

Power input – –

Service life – –

EC ventilation systems will drive down the power consumption of your ventilation system while optimising cooling and air circulation control.


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predict the carcass size and compositionbased on photos of individual broilerstaken from different angels.

Currently the robustness of the systemis being evaluated, but according to theproject manager Jacob R. Pedersen theresults have so far been promising. A fullimplementation of this system will allow topay farmers based on actual flock uniformity,upon which it is believed that all partnersinvolved in the process chain will focusmore on improving homogeneity.

The additional value that can be captured through that is to the benefit ofall partners in the broiler production chain.

ConclusionPoor flock uniformity in broilers can

have a huge effect on profitability.Improving feed homogeneity and increas-ing nutrient levels in the feed as well asusing easily mixable nutrient sources canimprove broiler uniformity.

In this context, monitoring carcass uniformity using a photometric system todetermine broiler carcass conformation inthe slaughtering process has shown promis-ing results.



NutritioN feAture

References:Ciftcy, I. and A. Ercan (2003). J. Anim.Feed Sci. 12:163 – 171Cosgrift, B. (2008). Poultry International,June issue p. 16 – 22Duncan, M. S. (1989). In: Recent Advancesin Animal Protein Production. Monsanto

Latin America Technical SymposiumProceedings pp. 31 – 40.Lemme, A. (2003). Evonik Degussa GmbH,Facts & Figures No. 1529Pedersen, J. (2009). Evonik Degussa GmbH, Pre-VIV Symposium presentation, Bangkok.

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NewS

the future of poultry production efficiencyand food safety – where to now?

As the poultry industry moves into a period of further hikes in feed costs, feedefficiency is more important now than ever,but what does this mean for food safety?

Alltech’s Poultry Solutions Seminar,‘The production efficiency and food safetypuzzle – where to now?’ will take place onthe November 12, 2012 in the CopthorneHotel, Hannover, Germany.

Join eminent academics and industryexperts for a discussion of new, smarterfeeding programs such as the use of econo-metrics to control costs and programmingbirds for greater efficiencies in later stagesof life, through the use of early nutrition.

“In an effort to curb losses, many dietformulators are forced to pursue ‘lowest-cost feed’ policies.

“However, poultry diets must supportintestinal health to allow the bird to get themost out of it,” said Chairperson Dr PeterSpring, College of Agriculture, Switzerland.

“Producers must examine what optionscan best help them to balance these objectives.”

“The aim of the 2012 PoultrySolutions Seminar is to look at the differ-ent options in the industry that limit theeffects of pathogens, while retaining pro-ductivity,” said Alltech Vice PresidentPatrick Charlton.

“Addressing this complex challenge isessential now, as the demand for poultryproducts will continue to increase and feedcosts look to remain unpredictable.”

A panel of renowned experts will present their views and participate in question and answer sessions on the follow-ing topics:• Early Feeding and Nutritional

Programming using Phosphorus: Lining upthe bird for the grower and finisher phase Prof. Roselina Angel, University ofMaryland, USA• Meeting Stringent Antibiotic ReductionTargets: the Dutch model Dr Marcel Boereboom, Royal DutchSociety for Veterinary Medicine, The

Netherlands • Campylobacter Control during PrimaryProduction: a feasible option? Prof. Frank Pasmans, Ghent University,Belgium• Econometric Feeding of Layers: optimis-ing nutrition economics in a highly competitive market Prof. David Roland, Department of PoultryScience, Auburn University, USA• Disease Management: seed, feed, weed Dr. Steve Collett, Poultry DiagnosticResearch Center, Georgia, USA

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NutritioN feAture

Both forms have different metabolic routes and effects.Selenium yeast is regarded as a more effective way of sup-plementing selenium. As more producers of selenised yeast enter the market,benchmarking on quality becomes increasingly relevant.Selenised yeast predominantly consists of selenomethionine(SeMet), which can be converted into selenocysteine(SeCys) by natural turn-over from methionine into cys-teine.

SeMet is recognised by the animal as normal methion-ine and absorbed and metabolised following the methion-ine pathway. When selenised yeast is fed, tissues will beenriched with the selenium from SeMet.

If selenium is required, it is rapidly available fromSeMet turning into SeCys (Figure 1). This saves valuabletime and ensures a fast and effective reaction in case of

why check selenomethioninelevels in selenium yeast?By PAUL PERUCCHIETTI and WILBERT LITJENS,Selko Feed Additives, The Netherlands


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QA departments of Trouw Nutrition International and Selko FeedAdditives performed a laboratory analysis of selenised yeast product samplessourced in the EU and USA.

Results show large differences between product samples on selenomethio-nine (SeMet) levels, the most effective and active compound in selenisedyeast. Selenium is one of the most examined and fascinating trace elementsin life. Currently, selenium can be included in animal feed in two forms; asinorganic selenite or as organic selenium yeast.

34 3P2

Se

Selenium

78.96

35

Br

Bromine

79.904

4So3/2

As

Arsenic

74.92160

52 3P2

4So3/2

53 3P2

Selenium is a nonmetal with properties that are intermedi-ate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalogen elements, sulphur and telluridm. It rarely occursin its elemental state in nature or as pure ore compounds.Selenium (from Greek sefene meaning ‘Moon’) was discovered in 1817 by Jons Jakob Berzelius. Seleniumsalts are toxic in large amounts, but trace amounts arenecessary for cellular function in many organisms, including all animals. Selenium is a component of theantioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thiore-doxin reductase which indirectly reduce certain oxidisedmolecules in animals and some plants.

Figure 1



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stress or a disease. Benchmark

To evaluate the nutritional value of dif-ferent selenised yeast products, a samplebenchmark analysis was performed at the University of Pau, CNRS(France).

This research lab is known as profes-sional and repeatable for organic seleniumspecies determination.

Total selenium, SeMet, SeCys and inor-ganic selenium values were determined.Eleven samples from each different batch offive different producers were sourced fromthe market. Samples were randomly num-bered and sent to the lab for analyses byHPLC ICP-MS.

Results are shown in Table 1. Mostinteresting are differences in levels of SeMet. As displayedin the table, some samples contain half thelevel of SeMet of other samples (range from 24.8% to 69.7%).

SeCys levels are, as expected, marginal-ly present at all equal levels. Surprisingly,Sample 6 contained a relative large amountof inorganic selenium (13.3%).

Need for selenomethionine Yeast can be enriched with selenium

through growing it in a medium with ashortage of sulphur and a controlledamount of selenium. This forces the yeast,in order to grow and reproduce, to producemethionine with selenium incorporated.

The more methionine is produced asSeMet, the more effective the yeast will beas an organic selenium source for the animal.

Looking at all data from literature andpublished trials, it is generally accepted thatSeMet is the most effective and active compound in selenised yeast.

The level of SeMet of total Se in yeastis a proper parameter for the effectivenessand bioavailability of the selenium in theyeast. The determination of main organicselenium types (SeCys and SeMet inselenised yeast) in combination with the

Sample

1234567891011

total Seleniumppm

30002260225019101890199022172377219120272239

ppm as Se

20901460111092011604901069127810928541275

% of total Se

69.764.649.148.361.224.848.253.849.842.157.0

ppm as Se

14010070190670<105187594981

SeMet SeCys

% of total Se

4.64.43.39.73.5-

2.33.72.72.43.6

inorganicSelenium

<2%<2%<2%<2%<2%

13.3%<2%<2%<2%<2%<2%

w


NutritioN feAturetotal selenium level gives a clear estimate ofthe quality of the selenium enrichmentprocess. Most selenised yeast products contain 97-99% organic selenium of totalselenium.

The dominant organic selenium isSeMet, which can be accurately (< 5% variation) determined. SeCys is present atfixed, low levels (2-5%) and of minorimportance.

The remainders are SeMet precursors and SeCys/SeMet intermediateamino acids. These are individually presentat very low levels in yeast and most of thesecompounds are less or not valuable to theanimal.

Guaranteed high qualitySelko Feed Additives markets its own

premium quality selenised yeast; OptiminSeY. Besides total selenium, every batch isalso checked for selenomethionine content.This must be above 63% selenium of totalselenium for the batch to be released forcustomers.

This high guaranteed quality willensure that animals will get the most out ofthe selenium yeast (Figure 2).

A selenised yeast product with a consis-tent and higher level of SeMet presents several advantages: first, in feed formula-tion lower inclusion levels may be neededto meet requirements to save costs withoutcompromising animal performance.Second, when selenised yeast as part of animal feed is used for selenium enrich-ment of human foods like meat, eggs or


v

milk, consistent and high selenomethioninecontent are essential to make health claimson these foods.

ConclusionAmong all Se yeast products sourced

on the market there are large differences inquality and consequently nutritional valueof different products.

It makes sense to compare producerson SeMet levels and subsequent pricing.Choosing a product which guaranteesselenomethionine is the best choice. It givesmaximum benefits to animals, enriches animal products and lowers the cost of feedformula.

To advertise in

Poultry Digest

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Peter Bedwell on

0419 235 288 or

02 4368 2220




NewS

Santrev increases presence on worldwide poultry stage

Santrev has continued to increase its presence on the worldwide poultry stage bysetting up its Peruvian sales team and meeting with the top five local poultrycompanies.

Full time agents Aralli Villanueva andJason Kelly are proud to be representingsuch a proven innovative team and are keento progress the industry to worlds bestpractice.

“I am very excited to be part of theSantrev team in South America especially atthis time when the industry and in fact theeconomy on the whole is booming. We’vehad a great response,” says Aralli.

Limas’ chicken consumption is 60kgper person per year and the Peruvian poultry industry grows at a rate of 10% perannum.

“That’s a number we definitely want tobe a part of,” said Director Luke Trevanion.Luke and fellow Santrev Director RichardSanday travelled from Australia to attendthe Peru Poultry Congress in September.

Along with the sales team, they attendedfarm visits to tunnel ventilated and conven-tional poultry sheds and the outcomes lookbright.

“We are extremely positive about market entry here and enthusiastic aboutsharing Santrev know-how and developinglong term working relationships with

growers across the continent,” said Aralli.The efforts of the South American sales

team have proved successful with localgrowers, with Luke and Richard meetingwith five of the top poultry companies inPeru – San Fernando, Avinka, Redondos,Molina La Perla, and Santa Elena.

“It’s a fantastic endorsement from thelocal industry to have been welcomed sograciously,” said Luke.

“We’re thrilled to have such a talentedsales team representing Santrev in LatinAmerica as a result of consumer demandfor Santrev to provide quality poultry hous-ing across the globe.”

Luke and Richard did their part whenit comes to experiencing the rich culturewhile travelling; sampling the local delica-cies of alpaca and guinea pig, adding that itwasn’t quite the taste of chicken they’reused to.

Top: Richard, Aralli and Luke at

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Above: Jason Kelly with the

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Elanco®, Maxiban®, Monteban®, Rumensin®, Surmax® and the diagonal colour bar are trademarks of Eli Lilly and Company. EAH12006

Maintaining the integrity of the intestinal tract is one of the key drivers of bird performance, processing efficiency and food safety. Surmax® from Elanco Animal Health supports intestinal integrity programs by controlling bacterial enteritis, enhancing bird performance and yield. For more information about how a customised intestinal integrity program using quality premixes from Elanco can protect your profitability, call Elanco on 1800 226 324 or visit www.elanco.com.au

Maximum integrity, maximum performance


The free range chicken meat industryat present accounts for around 15% of totalchicken meat production in Australia, butit is a growing industry expanding atapproximately 15% per annum (AustralianChicken Meat Federation Inc, 2007).

At this time there is little informationavailable regarding the environmentalimpact of free range meat chicken farming.

To support continued growth of thefree range sector, improved informationand understanding of odour emissions,nutrient accumulation and transport willbe required to support local governmentplanning decisions.

Recent research (Dunlop et al., 2011)has generated substantial informationregarding odour emissions from Australianconventional meat chicken farming, how-ever, this information may not be represen-tative of free range farms if used for planning purposes due to lower stockingdensity and deposition of manure in thesheds and range areas. There is potentialthat using data for conventional farms maydisadvantage expansion of the free rangesector.

There is little information in the publicdomain surrounding the sustainability offree range poultry production. Comparedwith conventional meat chicken farms, freerange farms need to correctly manage therange areas to remain sustainable.

Numerous studies have investigated theenvironmental impact of the land applica-tion of litter (Eldridge et al., 2009, Feltonet al., 2007, Haynes and Judge, 2008,Smith et al., 2007), however little informa-tion is available for range areas.

There is one line of thought that nutrient accumulation may limit the lifespan of the range area and increase thepotential for nutrient loss in leaching and

runoff. By characterising runoff from theranging area, accurate information will beavailable on the true impacts of free rangeproduction. Quantification of nutrientloss/accumulation may help to identifyimpact mitigation strategies (such as plantingvegetation that heavily utilises a particularproblem nutrient).

This project was split into three sections – odour assessment, nutrientrunoff and soil nutrient accumulation.

Odour assessmentThe aims of the odour section of the

project were to determine if range areascontributed to the overall emission of thefarm, and to determine if the shed emissions differed greatly from convention-al sheds. The project team decided (after-consultation with industry representatives)to concentrate on farms that used tunnelventilation.

The majority of recent literature isbased on tunnel ventilated production,which would allow for more rigorous com-parison with conventional production. Onefarm, however, did operate in natural ventilation mode during a winter batch.Methods

Odour samples were collected fromtwo farms in South East Queensland oversummer and winter batches. Samples werecollected over one day at three specifictimes during each batch:1) Before birds were released from the shed;typically day 15-202) Day prior to first pickup; typically day30-353) Day prior to final pickup; typically day42-46

Different areas of the range were targetedon each day:1) Open sunny area

2) Under shade sail3) Under trees used by the birds4) At the shed pop-holes

Odour samples were collected using theAustralian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS4323.4 flux chamber method (StandardsAustralia, 2009). A flux chamber (stainlesssteel and plastic dome) was placed overeach target area.

Odourless cylinder air was pumpedinto the chamber, from which an air sample was collected over 40 minutes.Samples were then transported to the labo-ratory and analysed using the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4323.3dynamic olfactometry method (StandardsAustralia, 2001). As olfactometry is adetection method, meaning that the offen-siveness of the odour is not taken into consideration during the testing, controlodour samples were collected from a similarly grassed area nearby the ranges.Collecting the control samples helpeddetermine whether the grassed ranges wereany more odorous than a grassed area withno chickens present.

Shed emissions were collected beforethe first and final pickups. Samples werecollected directly from an operating tunnelventilation fan, or from within the shedduring natural ventilation.

Odour emissions were calculated on anarea basis (odour units per m2) for therange emissions to assess the overall odouremission from the range. Shed emissionswere calculated by taking into considera-tion shed ventilation rate.

Results and conclusionsOdour emissions from the range area

were found to be considerably lower thanemissions measured from the sheds.

When considering whole-of-range


MANAGeMeNt feAture

odour emissions and nutrientaccumulation on free range meatchicken farms in QueenslandBy E. GALLAGHER & G. BROWN, Dept of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

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MANAGeMeNt feAtureemissions, the day of highest range emissions produced values of 0.85% theaverage odour emission rate measured fromthe shed. When compared to the odouremission rate from the control grassed area,the only time when range odour emissionswere higher (and statistically significantlydifferent) was during summer, just beforefinal pickup.

However, while the range odour emissions were statistically different to thegrassed control area, the range was still aminor contributor to overall farm odouremissions.

Even though these results indicate thatrange odour emissions are minimal com-pared to emissions expected from thesheds, it is worthwhile identifying areasthat may cause elevated odour generation.In particular, the areas in close proximity tothe shed pop-holes were identified as alocation of increased odour productionpotential.

Where birds spend a reasonableamount of time under the shed eaves,manure may accumulate and not dry outduring the wetter months of the year.

Discouraging birds from residing under theeaves would reduce manure accumulationin these damp areas, thereby minimisingthe odour generation potential.

On the other hand, compared to theoverall size of the range, the areas near thepop-holes represent such a small portion ofthe whole area that odour generation maynot be an issue. It would be worthwhile forproducers to keep an eye on the size andcondition of these damp areas and takeaction if required.

When shed emissions were comparedto Australian conventional tunnel ventila-tion emission rates (Dunlop et al., 2011),the free range sheds did not display notice-ably lower emission rates (odour units persecond) for either summer or winter seasons. It is however worth noting thatbatches during the summer of 2010 andwinter of 2011 were used for this work.Rainfall during these seasons was aboveaverage, which impacted litter moisturecontent during summer in particular.

In summary, the results indicate thatthe range as a whole is a minor odoursource and only produced odour that was

significantly different than an ordinarypatch of lawn during summer, just beforethe final pickup. Emissions from free rangesheds appear to be comparable to emissionsmeasured from conventional tunnel ventilated sheds.

Nutrient runoffNutrient loss from range areas during

heavy or prolonged rainfall was monitoredat two Queensland farms. Two runoffchannelling and measurement devices(flumes) were installed on each farm; acontrol device to collect runoff from a similarly grassed area with no manuredeposition, and a device to collect runofffrom the range area of one shed allowingfor total nutrient loss to be calculated.Methods

In order to channel and measure therunoff ‘H’ flumes, as developed by the USDepartment of Agriculture and describedby ISCO® (2008), were constructed andinstalled at each site. This style of runoffmeasurement is capable of monitoring flowover a wide range of applications with reasonably good accuracy at both large and

v


small flows, and have been used in the past for measurement ofrunoff from feedlots (ISCO®, 2008).

Automatic weather stations were set up at both farms torecord ambient weather conditions including rainfall overapproximately 12 months. Integrated within the weather stationswas the ability to report when the sample collection pump ateither the control or range sites was triggered by a runoff event.Runoff samples were collected promptly from the farms andstored in food grade high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles.The samples were then transported either directly for analysis orfrozen and transported at a later date.

After each rainfall and runoff event, the Bureau ofMeteorology’s Rainfall Intensity Frequency Duration programwas used to determine how often each event would normallyoccur. Using this information would help explain how oftennutrient loss events could impact on the environment.

Samples were analysed for concentration of the followingcompounds:5) total nitrogen as N6) total phosphorus as P7) ammonia8) nitrite9) nitrate10) nitrite+nitrate11) orthophosphorus

With the data collected from the flow rate through the flumeand the reported sampling frequency the total runoff flow foreach event could be calculated. This number was then used todetermine the total concentration of nutrients (mg/L) present inthe runoff event.

Results and conclusionsAs this component of the project is still underway, exact

nutrient runoff concentrations are to be determined for the rangeand control areas at both farms. However, several rainfall andsubsequent runoff events have been recorded so far, with some 2-5 and 10-20 year frequency rainfall events being observed.

Soil samplingAlso included in this project is a soil nutrient assessment of

free range chicken farms in both Queensland and Victoria, withnine free range farms in Queensland and five in Victoria to beassessed. Each farm will have soil samples taken both on and offthe range area for analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus content.This sampling aims to provide insight into potential nutrientaccumulation on the range area of a free range farm. It should benoted that this aspect of the project has not yet been investigated.

This project is ongoing, with completion of field work andfinal data analysis still to be undertaken.

AcknowledgementsThe project team would like to acknowledge the funding

support provided by Rural Industries Research and DevelopmentCorporation (RIRDC) Chicken Meat Program and Departmentof Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland.

We would also like to express our appreciation to the poultryproducers who continue to allow access to their farms for thisresearch.This paper was presnented at the recent PIX 2012 event held at theGold Coast in Queensland. References available on request.



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On August 1, 2012 Tugrul Durali DVM,Technical Service Manager for Red LeaPoultry Sydney, hosted a training sessionfor Elanco and Red Lea technical staffworking on the Elanco Tracking Scheme atthe University of Sydney Camden Campuswhere Tugrul is a PhD candidate whoseproject is comparative digestive physiologyand health of free range broiler and conventional broiler.

Working in the fast growing Turkishbroiler sector after completing his veteri-nary qualifications, Tugrul acquired plentyof experience in the post mortem examina-tion of birds in commercial flocks.

“We organized this training for newElanco and Red Lea technical staff basedon the Elanco Health Tracking Scheme,”he explained.

“Elanco has a broad disease databaseincorporating industry data spanning thepast 12 years.

“It is based on the post-mortems performed on healthy, normal birds fromthe national flock and a wide variety of diseases are recorded and tracked in thissystem, a core component in the latest version being the new intestinal integrity I2score.

“This unique feature is based on ascore of 0–100; the higher the score, thebetter the I2 of the broilers concerned.

“It incorporates a number of parame-ters that are weighted according to theimpact each one may have on intestinalintegrity.

“When a post-mortem is performed ona broiler, all the parameters captured areentered into the system.

“The system then calculates the I2score for the data entered and this is whattheir system is all about,” Tugrul said.

After the post mortem training sessionwas complete Dr Gigoy Tayao Elanco’sPoultry Brand Manager Asia Pacific Rimexplained the significance of his company’sHealth Tracking Scheme and its history toother members of the Sydney Universitybased Poultry Science Unit includingPoultry Research Foundation Director DrAaron Cowieson and recent PhD graduateDr Stuart Wilkinson.

Dr Tayao explained how the ElancoHealth Tracking Scheme had commencedin his company’s developed market then

moved into key areas of production expan-sion in major emerging markets to becomea key resource into developing poultryhealth strategies.

“This greatly assists the global poultryindustry in both predicting and combatingdisease outbreaks and improving overallhealth status amongst Elanco’s customerbase worldwide,” he said.


training session at Sydney university Camden campus for new elanco Health tracking Scheme staff

Top: Tugrul Durali (Red Lea) conducts

the post mortem. Above: Tugrul with

Lionel Bishell (Red Lea) and the

Elanco team of Dr Gigoy Tayao, Dr

Rowan Wilson, Philip Myers and

Simon Lakin. Right: Dr Gigoy Tayao,

Elanco’s Poultry Brand Manager Asia

Pacific Rim.


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T110T110 T630T190T190MT55

T650 T770 T870T870T650 T770

S185S160S150S130S100S70

A770S850S205 S630 S770S650

AeCL defines ‘free-range’

waitrose raises prices to eggproducers in the uK

Farmers, politicians and animal rights activists have had their feathers ruffled over the Australian egg body’s free-range definitionannounced recently, with claims it harms ethical producers andputs the industry’s legitimacy in to question.

The Australian Egg Corporation (AECL) defined the termfree-range as allowing as many as 20,000 chickens per hectare – forthe very first time in draft standards sent to producers.

The AECL want this definition to be legally enforceable, ascompared to the current standard – 1500 chickens per hectare –which is not.

The NSW Greens have already put forward a bill to PremierBarry O’Farrell, stating that the definition ‘is making a mockery’ ofthe term free-range.

“They are increasing stocking densities to a level that no consumer purchasing free range eggs for ethical reasons would findreasonable,” said John Kaye, Greens NSW MP.

He said it is correct that a legal standard needs to be enforced,but that “the standards they have proposed will destroy genuinefree range farmers by allowing large factory farm producers to usethe term for eggs that are not by any reasonable definition free-range”.

While reports are circulating in the mainstream press, there’sevidence that the AECL has been planning to raise the threshold to20,000 for quite some time, with the Humane SocietyInternational speaking out on the issue as early as June last year.

“The changes proposed by the Australian Egg Corporation willallow large producers to charge customers a premium for brandingtheir eggs as ‘free range’ without incurring the additional costs ofgenuine free range production methods,” a press release from thesociety read in June 2010.

“The proposed AECL stocking density would be a totallyunsustainable land use and have serious animal welfare implication.”

Various free-range farmers and organic producers agreed withthese claims.

MP Kaye’s bill is set to be debated in a parliament and saysthat egg farmers must not have more than 750 hens per hectare tobe considered free-range. It also states that there must be shade,shelter and vegetation and no beak trimming.

Waitrose has underlined its commitment to British farming byannouncing a further increase in the prices it pays to its 119Columbian Blacktail egg producers.

This latest move will help the free range and organic producerscope with increasing volatility in the feed market caused by risingsoya and wheat prices. It is also heralds another stage in the develop-ment of the producer group model pioneered by the supermarket.

Heather Jenkins, Waitrose Director of Agricultural Strategy,said: “We believe that it’s vital to pay producers prices that bolsterthe sustainability of their businesses as they face rising costs.

“We pioneered the producer group model under which wework very closely with our farmers, ensuring the prices we pay takeinto account costs of production. After a great deal of hard work,this as a further development of that model for our egg producers.”


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Aviagen and the Ross 308 have more than20 years of experience in the supply ofbreeding stock to the Australian broilerindustry.

The investment in production and distribution has increased dramaticallysince 2008 with the acquisition of BartterEnterprises quarantine farm, grandparentand great grandparent facilities.

This was followed by the ongoinginvestment to upgrade facilities and nowthe recent commitment to acquire fromInghams the land and buildings on twolarge farms near Goulburn and Bowral inNSW to increase future domestic grand-parent production capacity.

At the centre of the business is the Ross308 breeder and broiler package offeringbalanced incremental genetic performanceeach year to the Australian market.

The company invests 10% of its grossannual revenue in the continued develop-ment of the Ross 308 to ensure thatimproved production performance and birdhealth attributes are available for the cus-tomer.

“Aviagen has the most innovative andunique selection program in the globalbreeding industry,” said Peter Hanna,General Manager Aviagen Australia.

“It has since 2004, utilised multipleselection environments of the first classpedigree facilities together with more challenging conditions to better identifythe most efficient and robust families as thesource of future commercial stock.

“This combination of two selectionenvironments along with another first, the

investment and implementation over sevenyears ago of a new technology called lifetime feed conversion monitoring is provid-ing the selection conditions and perfor-mance data to ensure the Ross 308 isincreasing at a faster rate than competitors,keeping the Ross brand in the lead in theAustralian industry,” he said.

“Aviagen supplies the rapidly improv-ing Ross 308 through the largest supplynetwork with 14 separate locations and 24hatcheries around the world.

“This commitment to building globalproduction and distribution capacity high-lights the company’s long term strategy toserve its customer base with shorter day oldchick delivery times, promote chick qualityand provide a reliable supply of breedingstock.

“The emphasis on a local or regionalpresence is not only production and distri-bution. Ross customers and distributors arefully supported by experienced regional

commercial and technical service teamslocated in the same markets and whounderstand and experience the conditionsfaced by customers and distributors.

“The team is comprised of experiencedpoultry people with diverse range of skillsand backgrounds to support and grow thebusiness.

“These teams can engage specialists forventilation, hatchery, nutrition, veterinary,production management and processingfrom within the company or as consultants,to add a further layer of expertise and support.

The combined effect of a wellresourced, progressive research and devel-opment organization continually striving touse innovation and technology to improveperformance together with an extensivesupply network to optimise delivery timesand a committed regional commercial andtechnical presence is an advantage for customers.

“Poultry genetics well supportedthrough R&D and an operating strategy ofglobal presence and local participation hasbeen an integral part of the company andits commitment to remain the supplier ofchoice for the industry,” Mr Hanna said.

Aviagen improves ross and maintains itscommitment to the Australian industry


Have a crack at this! Commercial Layer Farm – Terang, South West Victoria

• Reliable cash flow – 130,000 bird capacity • Production figures available

• Fully automated processing system and controlled environment

• 28.3 hectares prime & convenient location providing future expansion opportunities

• Extensive shedding, plant and equipment. • Bitumen road frontage and town water

Expressions of interest:Closing – Thursday October 18, 2012 at 5.00 p.m

Successfully operating as a family run enterprise for over 50years – now retirement is providing a great opportunity for an investor or owner operator. This business consistentlyreturns in excess of $4m p.a. Web ID: 4512644

Elders Camperdown, 100 Manifold Street

03 5593 1822. Rob Rickard 0407 354 025

A Flock in

a Life Time

Feed

Conversion

Facility


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Processing waste adds value

Layer farm equipment sale

Even with the advances in modern poultryproduction methodology, up to 5% of allbroiler flocks perish prior to reaching processing age.

This represents a significant amount ofmaterial that must be managed. Until nowmuch of this waste material has beenburied in landfill or on farm sites, withpotential for detrimental leaching into thelocal environment.

This once cheap and unsophisticatedmethod of disposal is becoming increasinglycostly and problematic, with EPA andLocal Councils increasingly resistant tosuch practices.

With the right treatment however,these waste streams could instead have theirvalue recovered, saving this significant lossof raw materials in the poultry productionprocess.

A pilot project being undertaken byActive Research Pty Ltd (AR) and thePoultry CRC proposes an operational trialof the disposal of poultry waste byAnaerobic Digestion (AD).

Waste includes poultry carcasses withfeathers intact (mortality birds), unseparatedeggs and yolks (hatchery waste) and poultryprocessing sludge.

Utilising AR’s existing mobile pilotdigester, the effectiveness of the digestionprocess will be assessed for hatchery waste,daily mortalities, processing sludge and amix of these in various proportions.

Pre-treatment, digestion and post-digestion processes will be tested andrefined in order to best transform thesestreams of poultry waste.

The products of the digestion process


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will be high-quality soil nutrient and bio-gas, which can be used to generate heatand/or electricity.

AR’s semi-commercial scale systemused in this field trial is sufficiently realisticthat it can then be confidently scaled up toa commercial farming and processing size.

The outcome of this project will be thedevelopment of a best practice template notonly for the broiler industry but the poul-try industry as a whole, with knock-onbenefits to other agricultural and environ-mental interests.

Dino Salvatore of Wallan Egg Farm,Wallan, Victoria has decided with regret tocall it a day and, as such has a comprehen-sive list of layer farm equipment for sale.

The major item is a Facco 49,950 birdcapacity 6 tier Compatta system with inter-mediate floor – complete with shed.

The farm has its own 10 tonne perhour feed mill and all key items of equip-ment in the mill are for sale including a 2tonne ribbon mixer, a roller mill, hammermill, 30 tonne weighbridge complete withbins, silos and augers.

There is a 1980 model Staalkat EC 120Grader- 43,000 eggs per hour- 9 lanes, anda 2000 model KUHL SB 150-12s EggWasher, 12 row, which Dino describes asbeing ‘as new’.

Though it is sad to see an experiencedlayer farmer departing, this sale presents agreat opportunity for someone else to enterthe industry. Call Dino on 0419 565 680for prices or email [email protected]


research alliance puts roseworthy at forefront

South Australia’s role in promoting sustain-able livestock production systems and bestpractice in animal health and welfare cameto the fore recently at Roseworthy Campus,north of Adelaide.

The Southern Star Poultry Alliance wasannounced on Thursday, September 20,2012, cementing the education, research,development and extension collaborationsbetween the University of Adelaide and theSouth Australian Research andDevelopment Institute (SARDI).

Professor Iain Reid, Executive Dean of

the University of Adelaide’s RoseworthyCampus, said the establishment of theSchool of Veterinary and Animal Sciencesat Roseworthy has opened many educationand research opportunities for SouthAustralia, including this new Alliance.

“The Southern Star Poultry Alliance willfurther enhance the research capability at theRoseworthy Campus, which is already wellknown for animal science and now veteri-nary sciences,” Professor Reid said.

“The application of our research willhave direct benefits to the poultry industry

in the State and the nation as we address arange of key issues, such as poultry health,production, welfare, food safety and nutri-tion. This will also broaden the studentexperience at the Roseworthy Campus atundergraduate and postgraduate levels.”

Australians consume more poultry thanany other meat (44kg per person perannum), and 213 eggs per annum. By2050 the poultry industry will require 500million more meat chickens and 15 millionmore laying hens per year.

The challenge facing poultry researchscientists and educators is to help the Stateand national poultry industries achieve sustainable and welfare friendly poultryproduction as the population increases witha commensurate increase in demand foraffordable, high-quality food, the PoultryCRC said.

Professor Alan Tilbrook, SARDI’sResearch Chief of Livestock and FarmingSystems, said SA had been identified by thePrimary Industries Standing Committee totake the lead in R&D in the chicken, eggand pig industries.

“SARDI and the University, with itsexpertise, research and education facultiesand facilities at the Roseworthy Campus,has an opportunity to lead poultry andother intensive livestock systems R&D inAustralia.

“SARDI has long been involved in

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FOR SALE

Facco 6 tier Compatta System• 49,950 bird capacity• Intermediate floor• Complete with shedFeed mill 10t per hour

• 2t ribbon mixer• roller mill

• hammer mill• 30t weigh bridge

• complete with bins, silos and augers.

• Grader Staalkat EC 120 1980model 43,000 eggs per hour,

9 lanes.• Egg Washer, KULH SB 150-12s

12 row, 2000 model, as new.Numerous other items.

All items are price on application.Dino Salvatore

Ph: 0419 565 680


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ensuring poultry, pig and other farmingenterprises meet farmer and consumerexpectations for sustainable livestock production,” Professor Tilbrook said.

“Already, we have strong ties with thenational Poultry and Pig CooperativeResearch Centres (CRCs), with the needfor new environmental and productionsolutions ever present.

“We also look forward to increasingour affiliations with industry and theUniversity of Adelaide’s School of Animaland Veterinary Sciences.“

Chief Executive Officer of the PoultryCRC, Professor Mingan Choct, said SouthAustralia is a “very important State for theAustralian poultry industry.

“Much of the growth and expansion inthe industry is occurring in SouthAustralia,” Professor Choct said.

“The formation of the Southern StarPoultry Alliance is an important step in thefuture sustainability of the industry as ithelps build capacity in terms of researchand extension.”

South Australia is a net exporter ofpoultry products to the thriving nationalmarket, with thousands of jobs directly andindirectly tied up in production.

Production of chicken meat in SA hasdoubled since 2004, with about 80 millionbirds or 130,000 tonnes of poultry meat produced every year. SA produces about7,000 dozen eggs from about 330,000 layers.

The Poultry Industry Day atRoseworthy gave local chicken meat andegg producers an insight in to some of theR&D and education activities comingtogether under the new poultry alliance.

The poultry alliance brings togetherthe resources of the new vet school withPIRSA-SARDI’s expertise in animal healthand welfare, product quality and safety,

incubation and embryology, nutrition andmolecular diagnostics (see attached flyers).

The aims of the Poultry R&D andeducation alliance are to: • Provide research capability and infrastruc-ture to support research services for thepoultry industry issues in SA, Australia andinternationally to fulfil our role as a keymember within the National PrimaryIndustries Research, Development andExtension Framework in Australia.

• Assist Government and industry fundingbodies to develop and execute their respec-tive research policies and 5-year plans.• Meet the education needs of veterinaryand animal science undergraduate and postgraduate students from Australia and over-seas, and conduct poultry training coursesfor local and overseas groups.

Further information about is availablefrom Professor Alan Tilbrook and ProfessorKym Abbott (Head of School).

Top left: Bob Cummings, SARDI. Top right: Professor Kym Abbott (Head

of School).


NewS


“A 9% improvement in egg shellthickness emerged and the birds fed on theFeedlogic system had half the number ofcracks compared with the control flock – asaving of 22 cents a bird.

In summing up the trial Dr Scott statedthat “Optimising the layers nurtrient intaketo be more closely aligned to the birds netnutrient requirements resulted in overallimproved commercial returns”.

“The Feddlogic system can achievethese desirable outcomes in a controlledand automated manner,” he said.

“The Feedlogic system can allow forfeeding (net nutrient) allocations thatimmediately meet the birds requirements:it can help in dealing with changes toambient conditions and respond to newseasons grains, disease, market demands.

“It will assist in dealing with cost fluc-tuations in specific raw materials and helpto avoid transient (sometimes permanentproduction and flock behaviour problems)associated with abrupt ration changes,” DrScott concluded.

Dr Peter Selle, University of Sydney,has for a prolonged period been deeplyinvolved with research on Phytate andPhytase and the topic of his paper was apersonal perspective of that journey, ‘Pastpresent and future’.

He traced the history of Phytase inresearch and commercial production sinceits introduction into livestock diets in the

Netherlands in 1999, and its subsequentoverall acceptance in poultry nutritionglobally since then.

Dr Jonathon Broomhead, ManagerPoultry Research and Technical Support,Diamond V Mills USA, presented the datathat lead to the title of his paper, ‘Whydoes 35% (and growing) of the US layerindustry use Diamond V XPC?’

Sonia Y Liu, a PhD graduate studentfrom Sydney University, had a novelapproach to her subject when she spoke of‘The Tai Chi of starch and protein diges-tion dynamics in poultry.’

“Tai Chi, the Yin and Yang in thedynamic changes of protein and starch areof significant factors in poultry nutrition,”Ms Liu stated.

“Digestion in balance is important fornet protein deposition and growth in broilers and starch is digested 50% fasterthan protein,” she added.

In identifying future opportunities forfurther research, Ms Liu stated that “thereare extremely few studies on the effects offeed enzymes on starch and protein diges-tion kinetics which may be more relevantto efficiency of feed conversion than ilealdigestibility.

“Digestion of protein and absorbtionof amino acids vary and amino acids compete with each other for adsorbtionfrom the lumen.

“It’s necessary to understand thedynamics of the intestinal uptake of amino

acids in relation to broiler performance,”she concluded.

‘Commercial successes with the strategic use of Regano’ was next explainedby Dr David Cadogan of Feedworks.

“Regano use in broilers had enjoyedsignificant success, particularly in organicsystems,” he said.

In feed application 250 to 425 ppmhad delivered consistent results, but if mortality levels rose, 75 to 100 ppm /1000litres of water had shown instant results inlowering mortality levels,” Dr Cadoganexplained.

The final paper in the monogastric session was delivered by Feedwork’s DougPearson – with a little help from friends!

‘FeedLogic, FeedMeter, Nedap &NIR – On-Line system case studies in pigsand poultry in Australia’, was his topic.

The new FeedMeter was of particularinterest and in speaking about the ‘paybackand value equation’, Mr Pearson reviewedthe benefits of investing in a FeedMeter.

“FeedMeter tracks total feed consump-tion and can calculate growth rates. Youcan predict more closely when the birds areready for their next diet,” he said.

“The information obviously makes feedscheduling and running feed mills muchmore effective, saving costs and overallmanagement.

“Also, the FeedMeter can alert produc-tion managers to bridging or empty feedbins minimising costly production losseswith birds being out of feed,” he concluded.

The 2012 Feedworks Animal Nutrition& Production Systems Conference was agreat success with a happy combination ofgood science, commercially valuable infor-mation and the opportunity to relax withfriends, colleagues and family.

The Coolum venue provides lots ofbenefits be they golf, the pool and beach aswell as good food.

The papers were excellent and it isgreat to see a new generation of scientistslike Dr Stuart Wilkinson and Sonia Y Liujoin the many long established experts inthe conference sessions.


LtoR: Dr Peter Selle, Dr Stuart

Wilkinson, Sonia Y Liu, Sydney Uni.


NewSNew technology fingerprints 37 different mycotoxins in feed

In light of the changing climatic patternsand adverse weather in the world, producersare experiencing more difficulties withmycotoxin contamination in raw materials.In view of this and the changing volumesof grain and commodities traded interna-tionally, mycotoxins are front of mind withmany producers in Australasia.

There are more than 500 identifiedmycotoxins, yet until recently, the ability totest for mycotoxins has been limited to relatively few mycotoxins, and the accuracyof some tests is considered by many to beonly semi-quantitative at best. Mycotoxinscan have negative consequences on theprofitability of animal production opera-tions. With recent poor harvest conditionsthroughout Australia and New Zealand, itis clear that there is a need for a wide rang-ing assessment technology to assist produc-ers make decisions in the face of threat.

Recently in Sydney, representatives

from the poultry industries in bothAustralia and New Zealand were given aninsight into the latest establishment of newtechnologies that will equip them withaccurate assessments of mycotoxins in theirfeedstuffs.

Traditional methodology has usedeither enzyme linked immune-suppressionassays (ELISA) or thin layer chromatogra-phy (TLC). Both these technologies havehad their limitations, potentially leading toan underestimation of toxicity in feed.

A new technology has been developedby Alltech, a company that is well poised todeliver breakthroughs in the area of myco-toxins. Having supported the research thesisof 16 PhD and 19 Masters students, thecompany has over 60 peer reviewed articlespublished utilising both in vitro and invivo models.

Following on from a research program at their US bioscience centre,

Alltech developed exclusive methodologiesto analyse the presence of mycotoxinsthrough the use of liquid chromatographydouble mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) tofingerprint mycotoxins both in raw materi-als and in feed.

Termed 37+, this new approach confersseveral advantages over other technologies;• up to 37 toxins are both identified andquantified in a single test.• the 37+ program helps detect ‘maskedmycotoxins’, mycotoxins joined to sugarmolecules that are otherwise missed by traditional methodology. This exposes amore accurate picture of the true toxicity ofthe feed. • rapid analysis, needing only a 16 minuterun time of the equipment, which meansresults are relevant.• Accurate to parts per billion, meaning nosecond guessing is required on the marginsof error.• 37+ can be done on complete feed.Traditional tests lose accuracy when testinga compound feed, now producers have


By NIGEL MEADS, Corporate Accounts Manager, Alltech NZ

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more flexibility in monitoring.The 37+ program allows for the identi-

fication of the so called ‘silage’ mycotoxingroup. This is only the second testing facility in the world with this capacity, theother being a research laboratory inScandinavia. The silage mycotoxins areunfortunately mis-named. They appear inall feed types, not just silage. In fact, in arecent survey of North American feeds andraw materials, 25 from 72 samples had thesilage mycotoxin group present, and ofthose, 21 samples were not silage.

To date, survey work completed inSouth Asia, North America and Europe hasturned up the presence of multiple toxins.In fact, over 60% of samples in NorthAmerica contained between two and 10toxins in a single sample. At the time ofwriting, current survey work has been commissioned and is underway on the2012 harvest of Australian grains.

Work on the 37+ program continues,by constantly researching the future expan-sion of testing beyond 37 mycotoxins, andwith more facilities being establishedthroughout the Asia Pacific region. The37+ program forms one part of a four

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Koozii: new roxell community nest

Koozii is Roxell’s new automatic nest forbroiler breeders and commercial layers.Koozii is especially developed for the production of super quality hatching ortable eggs. The community nest was there-fore built around the optimised comfortand welfare of the hens.

The nest boxes are spacious and oxygenrich while a special positioning of the slatsat the entrance avoids accumulation ofmanure in front of the nest.

A wood protection on the entranceboard excludes leg and breast injuries. Theexpulsion of the birds happens extremelygentlly. For broiler breeders this is donethrough a movable back, while for layersthe farmers can choose between a movable

back or a tilting floor. The transportation of the hatching or

table eggs to the collection table is donewith the greatest care. The AstroTurf padsin the nest prevent hair cracks and soiledeggs. The perforated egg belt not only optimises the climate in the egg channel italso holds the eggs in place so that theydon’t bump into each other.

The eggs reach the collecting tablethrough a smooth and open transitionwhere dirt, feathers and soft shell eggs areremoved. Koozii has a wide roof lid foreasy control and maintenance.

The nest fronts can be opened simulta-neously per row by automatic or manualwinching for an optimal and fast inspection.

pronged approach that collectively makes theAlltech Mycotoxin Management program.

The presentation in Sydney of the 37+program generated discussion on a topicthat is relevant to all animal producers.Different regional surveys conducted by

Alltech show that mycotoxins are anunavoidable risk in animal production. The37+ program offers an exciting new level ofquantification that will help the producersmake the best decisions in the face of challenge.


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Documents

Poultry Digest August/September 2012