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SCIENCEVOL. 97 FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 1943 No. 2508

Sir Joseph Larmor and Modern Mathematical Phys- Reports:ics: PROFEssoR GEORGE D. BIRKRHOFF ................................. 77 Collaboration between Colleges and Universities

and the Department of Agriculture with SpecialWhat More Can Engineering Colleges Do through Reference to Training Replacements during the

ESMWT?: DEAN GEORGE W. CASE ......................................... 79War ......................................... 95

Obituary: Special Articles:Harrison Estell Howe: F. J. VAN ANTWERPENST. Carotene. I. Preliminary Report on Diphenyla-Recent Deaths.82F.... m2mine as a Stabilizer for Carotene: KENNETH T.WILLIAMS, EMANUEL BICKOrr and WALTER VAN

Scientific Events: SANDT. Edema in Vitamin E Deficient Chicks:DR. H. R. BIRD. Isomorphism and IsotypismJoint Council of Scientific Men in Great Britain; among Silicates and Phosphates: DR. DUNCAN MC-Committee on Sanitary Engineering of the Na- CONNELL ......... 96tional Research Council; Presentation of the Mel-chett Medal; Awards of the American Society of Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:Civil Engineers; The American Institute of Elec- A Device for Calibrating Small Air Pumps: J. C.trical Engineers; Cancellation of the Annual Meet- OWEN......... 99ing of the American Physiological Society..................84 Science News........................ 8

Scientific Notes and News .................................................................. 86SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devotedtotheAdvance-ment of Science, edited by J. McKtxN CATTELL and pub-

Discussiwon: lished every Friday byAgar-Bearing Seaweeds at La Jolla, California:DR. ROBERT H. TSCHUDY and DR. MARSTON C. SAR- THE SCIENCE PRESSGENT. Early Mastery of the Group Concept: PRO- Lancaster, PennsylvaniaFESSOR G. A. MILLER. Wheat Grains without Em-bryos. PROFESSOR 0. A. STEVENS .......................89 Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.

SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-Scientific Books: tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-Vertebrate Embryology: PROFESSOR C. E. MC- ing membership in the Association may be secured fromthe office of the permanent secretary In the SmithsonianCLUNG. Mathematics: PROFESSOR G. BALEY PRICE 91 Institution Building, Washington, D. C.

SIR JOSEPH LARMOR AND MODERNMATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

By Professor GEORGE D. BIRKHOFFHARVARD UNIVERSITY

SIR JOSEPH LARMOR, MATHEMATICALPHYSICIST

ON May 19th last the scientific world lost a notablemathematical physicist, Sir Joseph Larmor, Lueasianprofessor of mathematics at Cambridge, England,from 1903 to 1932, successor to Sir George Stokes inthis celebrated chair once held by Sir Isaac Newton.After being graduated from Queen's College, Belfast,Larmor took highest honors in the Cambridge Mathe-matical Tripos of 1880 at about 23 years of age, J. J.Thomson being second wrangler in the same year.Larmor was called at once as professor of naturalphilosophy to Queen's College, Galway, where he re-mained until 1895. He then returned to St. John's

College, Cambridge, as lecturer, and was named forthe Lucasian professorship in 1903. From 1901 to1912 he was secretary of the Royal Society, and wasawarded the Copley Medal of the society in 1921.Always deeply attached to his native country, Ireland,he entered Parliament in 1911 as Unionist represen-tative of Cambridge University and served there foreleven years. He received various distinctions besidesthose mentioned.Larmor grew to scientific maturity at a time when

every attempt was being made to explain all physicalphenomena on a dynamical or at least a quasi-dynam-ical basis, involving the concepts of absolute space(the ether), of absolute time and simultaneity, of