Potential Impacts of Climate Change

within Urban Water Management

BPLHD, 3 Maret 2011

Metropolitan Bandung

An overview of West Java

Sympton of CC

Potential impacts

Conclussions

International Cooperation

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

An Overview of West Java Province

Kab. Cianjur

Kab. Garut

Kab. Sukabumi

Kab. Bogor

Kab. Ciamis

Kab. Bandung

Kab. Subang

Kab. Tasikmalaya

Kab. Indramayu

Kab. Karawang

Kab. Bekasi

Kab. Sumedang

Kab. Kuningan

Kab. Cirebon

Kab. Majalengka

Kab. Purwakarta

Kota Bekasi

Kota Depok

Kota Tasikmalaya

Kota Bandung

Kota Banjar

Kota Bogor

Kota Cimahi

Kota Sukabumi

Kota Cirebon

PROPINSIJAWA TENGAH

PROPINSIBANTEN

PROPINSIDKI

West Java at a glance

• 26 administratively urban area• 41 sub watersheds

• Population: 43.03 millions people

• Water and food supplier for national

• Sharing border with other provinces

Middle term(2008 – 2013)

Long Term Plan (2015 – 2025)

1. Increasing protected area2. Water Quality (highly to moderate

polluted)

1. Increasing protected area (45%)2. Water quality: unpolluted river

Increasing public awareness

Long and Midterm Planning Development

Targets of Environmental Sector

WATER QUALITY(HIGHLY TO MODERATED POLLUTED)

www.cybermq.com/beritaphoto/deta...industri

http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/06_01/plasticrubbish2R_468x317.jpg

http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/06_01/plasticrubbish2R_468x317.jpg

EXISTINGCONDITION

TARGETOf RPJMD

7

Government departments (MOE, MOME, MOPW)

- Both policy- making and regulatory functions Provincial & Municipal Governments (WJEMA, WJME, WJHS, ETC) - Main regulators: devolved powers

Regulators

Service Undertakers Municipalities

Water supply and sewerage services Autonomous politically

State Water Companies Raw Water Cooperation (PJT 2) - Bulk water developer and wholesaler to municipalities, and

individual water users (industry) PDAM Bandung and Kab. Bandung - Water supply provider

Institutional Governance

Decree of President/Minister/Governor/

Major

The Constitution

Water Resources

Environmental

Land use plan

Local Government

Forestry

etc

Governing authority

Natural resources

Water Quality Management

Drinking water development

Groundwater

River, lake

Sewerage

Water quality

Master plan of Citarum

designated beneficial water uses for Citarum

Norm, standard, guidance, procedure

Legal Framework

A Case of Metropolitan

Bandung

Note: Unscale

A Briefly Facts of Metropolitan Bandung

5 DISTRICTS

7 SUBWATERSHEDS

7 MILLIONS POPULATION

NATIONAL ECONOMIC

GROWTH

CENTRE OF EDUCATION,

INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

N

Map: Bappenas & Wangsaatmaja, modified, 2010

Source: Land-use change – Urbanization (ADB-Package B) 2000 – 2025 in JanJaap Brinckman, Deltares 2010

Urbanization Development (50% People Live In Urban)

CITARUM WS (2000)

CITARUM WS (2025)

URBAN AREA

JAKARTA

JAKARTA

Challenges of Water Supply Management

Lack of piped water services in Metropolitan Bandung

Percentage of served population (2010)

Lack of waste water services in Metropolitan Bandung

• Bandung: 58 % of te covered area and the percentage of wastewater treated only reaches 24,10 – 50,20 percent in the over 5 last years (PDAM Bandung)

• Bandung regency: 4 small treament plants covers some sub district

• Cimahi and sumedang: No centralized WWTP

Groundwater Problem

OVER EXPLOITATED BY INDUSTRY

Groundwater Level (1950)

Groundwater Level (2006)

Source: IWACO in ARMI SUSANDI, 2010

Photo: Wangsaatmaja, 2004

Flood

YEAR FLOOD AREA (HA)

1931 9.300

1986 7.450

1998 6.200

2010 > 7000 (?)

It has been occuring since 1931

Various magnitude and frequency of flood

The most severe flood: 1931, 1986, 1998 and 2010 (more flood frequently & flood retention)

Historical flood in upstream area

SUMBER: TRIJONO PBPP CITARUM 2005/ IDA NARULITA LIPI 2006/ SOBIRIN DPKLTS 2006/YADI SURYADI-HAHI 2008

Climate Change

Sympton of Climate change???

Jan Feb Mar0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

20062007200820092010

Bulan

Mon

tly

rain

fall

(mm

)

Rainfall Trend in January – February – March 2010 increase 1,5 to 2 times w/ last 2 years

COMPARISSION RAINFALL IN UPPER CITARUM (ST CEMARA) 2006-2010

Source: BMKG, analyzed by BPLHD 2010

Sympton of Climate change???

Rainfall Pattern of Upper Citarum and Trend of Declining Rainfall Pattern (1999-2009)

Source: PSDA and BMKG, analyzed by BPLHD

Potential Impacts

Rainfall pattern

and variability

Physical structures

Waste water management

Water resources:

surface and groundwater

Agriculture: Cropping pattern

HealthOther

sectors

Potential Impacts of Climate Change

• 3 cascade reservoir could not strorage water flowing form the upper area (last year)

• This year up to feb, the elevation of water is lower than normal water level

• Needed an adjusment of SOP of 3 cascade reservoirs

Potential impacts to physical structures

• Change of cropping pattern• Reduce some great amount of yields due to

crop failure• Food security

Potential impacts to agricultures

www.bandung.detik.com www.suaramerdeka.com

• High level of variability in annual run off caused a great influence of water resource.

• Dry season, insufficient water to dillute pollutant

• During wet season, status of river quality still does not meet a designated beneficial water use

• More stress on groundwater use due to high variability of surface water and domestic use

Potential impacts to water resources

• Variability of wastewater entering the system

• Decreasing river quality due to less water for dillution

Potential impacts to wastewater treatment

Conclussions

• High level of variability in rainfall and runoff pattern caused some impacts to water infrastructures, agriculture, industry, water quality

• Needed some policy adaptation

International Cooperation

Proposed Research

• Research on adaptive mechanism against climate change (adjusment physical structures, drainage, flooding area, waste water, water supply management)

• Research on adaptive agriculture practices against climate change

• Research on community adaptive (resilience)• Research policy adaptation (incentive-disincentive

mechanism, e.g. water recycle in industry)• Research on centralized wastewater treatment

International Cooperations

Research on Sustainable Water Management Policy Project in ASIA, Collaboration research IGES-JAPAN, University of Tianjin (CHINA), AIT (THAILAND)

Research Partner in Indonesia for CIDA-AIT SEA-UEMA -

Research Partner on Community Based Landfill Monitoring in Leuwigajah, collaboration with ITB, TU-Braunschweig (Germany) and Boku University (Austria)

EPCM with Jetro, AOTS & JEMAI, Japan

Internship program and expert exchange

Research on Water Quality Management Policy, Collaboration research GIST Korea - UNU Japan.

Conclusions

• Climate change will influence urban water and waste water management.

• Need some adaptive policy to tackle some impacts of climate change.

• Need collaboration research among research institute – university – government.

THANK YOUBPLHD JAWA BARATJl. Naripan No. 25 Bandung 40111www.bplhdjabar.go.id