WFI kick-off, 28.01.2014 MPE, Garching

Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Potential contribution of Tübingen to the WFI onboard ATHENAAndrea Santangelo, Chris Tenzer, E. PerinatiManami Sasaki, Thomas Schanz, D. Klochkov, ...

Focus of the HEA Abteilung

High Energy Astrophysics: Exploration of the Universe in the energy range from X-rays to Ultra High Energies.

Space Based X-Gamma Ray Astrophysics

Analysis & InterpretationNeutron Stars, Black Holes, SNR, ISM...

Experimental Hardware, Mission Development, Simulations

Focus and Heritage

High energy astrophysics heritage

- 4 -

XMM-Newton: sequencer

INTEGRAL:HEPI Board for digital processing

Balloon & Rocket Experiments

From the 70S

X-ray astronomy in Tübingen

eRosita

IXO

LOFT

ATHENA

LOFT LAD module and panel BEE

LOFT WFM BEE

LOFT Back End Electronics

Up to the level of prototypes.

Testing of detector prototypes

XEUS IXO DePFET Lab. eROSITA Framestore CCD Lab.

Sequencer to drive CCD operation and readout

Test of electronics component, Performance measurements:energy resolutionsplit event distributionnoise and offset stability as a function of temperature

Simbol-X/IXO stacked detector

Developed and running: sequencer and event pre-processor with pattern recognition

Ground Based TeV Astrophysics

Analysis & Interpretation: Binaries, PWNe, MW

Experimental: Mirror testing and control, Alignement System, Electronics, Tools for Data Analysis

Space-Based UHE Astrophysics

Analysis & Interpretation, (E2E simulations)

Experimental: Onboard electronics, Mission Developments, Simulations

Focus of the HEA Abteilung (2)

TeV Astrophyics in Tübingen

H.E.S.S. I & IIMechanics and electronics for mirror control and alignement

Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)FlashCam (Fully digital camera), and mirror control system

JEM-EUSO Cluster Control Board (Trigger)

Development of a

Data Preprocessing Board for JEM-EUSO (UHECRs)hosting a Virtex-4 FPGA to allow:

- position finding with a fitting algorithm- trigger algorithms- SpaceWire Communication- usage of internal and external memory

Proposed Activities on the WFI

I Digital Electronics

Development of the Back-end electronics, to operate and read-out the WFI sensor, including an interface to the S/C via SpaceWire.

Including AIVT

Sequencer/Event-Preprocessor

FPGA-based back-end electronics: • sequencer to drive the operation of the sensor in the different

observation modes, to control the readout and digitization • event-preprocessor to perform the necessary corrections

on the raw data.

Frame Builder

FPGA-based Frame-Builder: it interfaces all the Cluster FPGAs and the S/C. Event patterns will be compared to a set of valid events and invalid events can be filtered. Valid event packets will be compressed and formatted for downlink.

II Background studies

• Modelization of the L-2 radiation environment:- Cosmic ray fluxes (Protons, electrons and alpha particles…)- Solar and anomalous components (mainly protons from several

keV to 20 MeV, no geomagnetic shield, reflection from the SPO)

• GEANT4-based simulations for non X-ray background to optimize the design

• A key and new activity: validation with “real background data” from eROSITA (after 2015) and SREMs Particle Monitors

A good amount of work already done in the framework of the eROSITA and IXO studies:

(eROSITA) Perinati et al.,Exp. Astr.,2012 Tenzer et al., Proc. of SPIE, 2010 (IXO/WFI) Hauf et al.,Proc. of SPIE, 2012 (IXO/XMS) Lotti et al., NIMA,2012 Perinati et al., JLTP,2012

III Soft Protons studies

• Soft protons focused onto the focal plane by the SPO might be an issue:

- Additional Particle Background (WFI/X-IFU)- Radiation damage? (WFI)

• To estimate the expected rate of soft protons on the ATHENA focal plane:

- tests of soft proton reflectivity from a sample of SPO at the Tübingen Van de Graaff accelerator

- implementation of a proton-tracing simulator for SPO

• Assessment of the Ionizing and Non ionizing energy loss (NIEL) at the Tübingen Van der Graaff accelerator (?)

III Soft protons (2)

Facility for Soft proton irradiation and reflectivity measurements

3MV single ended Van-der-Graaf accelerator Ion types: p, H+2, d, D+2, 4He+, 12C+, 13C+, 16

A few 10s of keV – 2 MeV

On the right: Set-up for eRosita studies

current experiments: detector prototypes for LOFT & reflection of low-energy protons on X-ray mirrors

• Dust environment at L2: - Debris free- Issue: interplanetary micrometeoroids (e. g. both pn and MOS

cameras on-board XMM were damaged by impacts)- Rescaling the collecting area: a few impacts per year in

ATHENA might be expected!

• Impact Risk mitigation: - the design of the optical/thermal filters may be optimized for

impact protection: 1) simulations in ESABASE2; 2) HVI tests on filters and detectors at IRS/MPIK and TUM accelerators

- HVI tests on SPO?

IV Hyper-Velocity Impacts (WFI and X-IFU)

S. Diebold et al., A setup for soft proton irradiation of X-ray detectors for future astronomical space missions, NIMA,721,65,2013S. Diebold et al., A facility for soft proton irradiation and instrument testing for future space missions, TNS(accepted)E. Perinati et al., Accelerator experiments with soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles: application to ongoing projects of future x-ray missions, Proc.  of SPIE, 8443,8443-O0,2012

HVI tests

Set-up for the eRosita filters for HVI tests

Facility In München up to 10 km/s and 10-100 microns (Silicates)

Facility In Heidelberg up to km/s and microns (Iron, silicates, Olivines)

Summary

• Hardware contributions Digital Electronics- Development of Cluster FPGA &ADC board(s)- Development of Frame-Builder hardware- Not excluded contribution to OBDH or Instrument control Unit

• Simulations:- Instrument background estimates- Optimization of detector housing and shielding- Contribution to End-to-End Performance Simulator (with ECAP)

• Other contributions:- Additional experimental activities (Proton irradiation and Hyper-

Velocity Impacts studies)- Participation to Science Data Center activities- Participation to AIT and calibration activities

Key people involved

• Scientists: Andrea Santangelo, Chris Tenzer, Emanuele Perinati, Manami Sasaki, Dimitry Klochkov, Gerd Pühlhofer

• Engineers and Technicians: Thomas Schanz, Christoph Kalkhul, +2 Technicians Electronics Lab. + 3 Technicians Mechanical Workshop

• Several PHD and Diploma students

And of course with contribution from DLR!

Thank you.Contact:

Andrea SantangeloAbteilung HochenergieastrophysikSand 1, 72076 Tübingen · GermanyPhone: +49 7071 29-76128Andrea.Santangelo@uni-tuebingen.de