Postclassical Civilizations
Reporting Category 3 Postclassical Civilizations Justinian Byzantine Emporer Codification of Roman Law
Justinian Code Basis for Western Legal systems Reconquest of formerRoman Territories Expansion of Trade Constantinoples locationwas at the center of traderoutes Byzantine Achievements
Art and Architecture Byzantine Culture Inspiration provided byChristian religion andImperial Power Icons (religious images) Mosaics in public &religious structures (piecesof colored tile or glass) Hagia Sophia DomedChurch in Constantinople Continued traditions ofGreco-Roman culture Greek Language Greek Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox) Greek & Roman Knowledge was preserved in Byzantine Libraries Division in the Christian Church
Roman Catholic Church Eastern OrthodoxChurch Centered in Rome Farther from the seat ofpower after Constantinoplebecame capital Use of Latin in the Liturgy Pope was the Head of theChurch No Emperor to answer to Centered inConstantinople Close to the seat of powerafter Constantinoplebecame capital Use of Greek in the liturgy Patriarch was head ofchurch Underneath the Emperor Division in the Christian Church
The Great Schism Split in the Christian Church Authority of the Pope was eventually accepted inthe West Authority of the Patriarch was accepted in theEast Differences is Church Practices Celibacy Use of Icons Language Byzantine Culture, Eastern Europe, & Russia
Constantinople was located on the traderoutes between the Black and Baltic Seas Much of Eastern Europe, as well as Russia,adopted Eastern Orthodox Christianity St. Cyril adapted the Greek alphabet for theSlavic People (Cyrillic Alphabet) Influence on Church architecture andreligious art Church Architecture Byzantine Church Roman Catholic Church Origins, Beliefs, Customs, & Spread of Islam
Muhammad, the Prophet Mecca & Median Early Muslim cities on theSaudi Arabian peninsula Islam spread across Asia and Africa, and into Spain Monotheistic Allah (Arabic word for God) Quran (Koran) The word of God (Holy Book) Five Pillars of Islam Basis of beliefs Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets,including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus Historical Turning Points in ISLAM
The death of Muhammad led to a split in the Islamic Faith Sunni Shia division Muslim conquests of Jerusalem Christian attempts to recapture Jerusalem - Crusades Umayyad Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Damascus Abbasid Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Baghdad Muslims defeated by Charles Martel (Franks) at the Battle ofTours End of Muslim Expansion into Western Europe Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols End of Muslim Empire Cultural Contributions of Muslim Empire
Architecture (The Dome of the Rock) Mosaics Arabic Alphabet Universities Translation of Ancient texts into Arabic Cultural Contributions of the Muslim Empire
The Dome of the Rock Mosaics Arabic Alphabet Universities (Calligraphy) Scientific Contributions of the Muslim World
Arabic Numerals Adapted from India Included Zero Algebra Medicine Expansion of Geographic Knowledge Foundations of Early Medieval Society
Classical Heritage of Rome Christian Beliefs Customs of Germanic tribes Influence of the Roman Catholic Church Secular authority declined, while Church authority grew Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements Missionaries carried Christianity & Latin alphabet to GermanicTribes Pope anointed Charlemagne Holy Roman Emporer in 800A.D. Parish Priest served the social and religious needs of the people Age of Charlemagne Franks emerged as a Western European force
The Pope crowned the Emperor in 800 A.D. The churchs power was established in politics Roman culture was reinterpreted Most of Western Europe was a part of this newEmpire Churches, Roads, and Schools were built to unitethe Empire