Justinian Byzantine Emporer Codification of Roman Law -
Justinian Code - Basis for Western Legal systems Reconquest of
former Roman Territories Expansion of Trade - Constantinoples
location was at the center of trade routes
Slide 3
Byzantine Achievements Art and ArchitectureByzantine Culture
Inspiration provided by Christian religion and Imperial Power Icons
(religious images) Mosaics in public & religious structures
(pieces of colored tile or glass) Hagia Sophia Domed Church in
Constantinople Continued traditions of Greco-Roman culture Greek
Language Greek Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox) Greek & Roman
Knowledge was preserved in Byzantine Libraries
Slide 4
Division in the Christian Church Roman Catholic Church Eastern
Orthodox Church Centered in Rome Farther from the seat of power
after Constantinople became capital Use of Latin in the Liturgy
Pope was the Head of the Church No Emperor to answer to Centered in
Constantinople Close to the seat of power after Constantinople
became capital Use of Greek in the liturgy Patriarch was head of
church Underneath the Emperor
Slide 5
Division in the Christian Church The Great Schism Split in the
Christian Church Authority of the Pope was eventually accepted in
the West Authority of the Patriarch was accepted in the East
Differences is Church Practices Celibacy Use of Icons Language
Slide 6
Byzantine Culture, Eastern Europe, & Russia Constantinople
was located on the trade routes between the Black and Baltic Seas
Much of Eastern Europe, as well as Russia, adopted Eastern Orthodox
Christianity St. Cyril adapted the Greek alphabet for the Slavic
People (Cyrillic Alphabet) Influence on Church architecture and
religious art
Slide 7
Church Architecture Byzantine Church Roman Catholic Church
Slide 8
Origins, Beliefs, Customs, & Spread of Islam Muhammad, the
Prophet Mecca & Median Early Muslim cities on the Saudi Arabian
peninsula Islam spread across Asia and Africa, and into Spain
Monotheistic Allah (Arabic word for God) Quran (Koran) The word of
God (Holy Book) Five Pillars of Islam Basis of beliefs Acceptance
of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and
Jesus
Slide 9
Slide 10
Historical Turning Points in ISLAM The death of Muhammad led to
a split in the Islamic Faith Sunni Shia division Muslim conquests
of Jerusalem Christian attempts to recapture Jerusalem - Crusades
Umayyad Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Damascus Abbasid
Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Baghdad Muslims defeated by
Charles Martel (Franks) at the Battle of Tours End of Muslim
Expansion into Western Europe Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols End of
Muslim Empire
Slide 11
Cultural Contributions of Muslim Empire Architecture (The Dome
of the Rock) Mosaics Arabic Alphabet Universities Translation of
Ancient texts into Arabic
Slide 12
Cultural Contributions of the Muslim Empire The Dome of the
Rock Mosaics Arabic Alphabet (Calligraphy) Universities
Slide 13
Scientific Contributions of the Muslim World Arabic Numerals
Adapted from India Included Zero Algebra Medicine Expansion of
Geographic Knowledge
Slide 14
Foundations of Early Medieval Society Classical Heritage of
Rome Christian Beliefs Customs of Germanic tribes Influence of the
Roman Catholic Church Secular authority declined, while Church
authority grew Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural
achievements Missionaries carried Christianity & Latin alphabet
to Germanic Tribes Pope anointed Charlemagne Holy Roman Emporer in
800 A.D. Parish Priest served the social and religious needs of the
people
Slide 15
Age of Charlemagne Franks emerged as a Western European force
The Pope crowned the Emperor in 800 A.D. The churchs power was
established in politics Roman culture was reinterpreted Most of
Western Europe was a part of this new Empire Churches, Roads, and
Schools were built to unite the Empire
