Portfolio Arjan Dekkers Jan-2015

Portfolio

Urban designer

Arjan Dekkers

PortfolioArjan Dekkers

Wilhelminalaan 714872 BW Etten-Leur

The Netherlands

(+31) [email protected]

2.141201.003 (Stedenbouwkundige)

About meGraduated urban designer – strong in analysing urban environments and tackling spatial problems with innovative and feasible design solutions. Defined as a social, flexible, committed, critical thinker with attention to detail.

MotivationI am looking for a challenging job as urban designer. In which I can have a direct influence on the meaning and quality of the built environment for the end-user.

Education

‘14 MSC URBANISM Delft University of technology Track: Urban Regeneration

‘08 BSC BUILT ENVIRONMENT NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences Track: Urban planning (minor: urban design)

‘04 PROPEDEUSE Avans Hogeschool Track: ICT & Management

‘03 HAVO DIPLOMA KSE Etten-Leur Track: Natuur & Gezondheid

Work experience in Urban Design related fields

‘08-’09KONING WILLEM I COLLEGE Teacher urban design (1 year)

‘08-’09BVR ADVISEURS RUIMTELIJKE ONTWIKKELING Junior ‘advisor’ (1 year)

‘08 BVR ADVISEURS RUIMTELIJKE ONTWIKKELING Graduation internship (6 months)

‘07 MUNICIPALITY OF BREDA Internship (3 months)

‘06 BLOM ARCHITECTS Internship (3 months)

© 2015, Etten-Leur.

(For a more in depth curriculum please see CV @ http://bit.ly/1xH8V7X)

3

Cauliflower Revisited [Breda:2014] # 4

SCALE OF IMPACT: NATIONAL, NEIGHBOURHOODMaster graduation project in which an extensive (literature) research is turned into a toolbox for regenerating cauliflower neighbourhoods (Bloemkoolwijken). Which is tested in a site specific design in Kesteren, Breda.

Agniesebuurt Center [Rotterdam:2012] # 22

SCALE OF IMPACT: NEIGHBOURHOODThe Agniesebuurt in Rotterdam has long been seen as a deprived area. There are some mentionable initiatives by local residents, however an overall plan is missing. The design which has been created aims at interlinking these initiatives. This by making use of present spatial qualities and the regeneration of public space.

Dune Life [IJmuiden:2012] # 34

SCALE OF IMPACT: REGIONAL, CITYDune life is part of bigger project entitled ‘IJmuiden: breaking up the boundaries’. Which consists out of a couple key transformations. ‘Dune life’ is an integral urban design which combines flood risk water management with a transformation of an derelict industrial zone into a self-organised city.

Urbanism on Track [Rotterdam: 2012] # 42

SCALE OF IMPACT: CITYDesign for the innercity of Rotterdam, based on GPS research by actively following pedestrian movement. The utopian design shows the spatial consequences as pedestrians (partially) prevail on Coolsingel.

Overhoeksche Waard [Hoeksche Waard: 2008] #50

SCALE OF IMPACT: REGIONAL The plan for Hoeksche Waard focuses on the island IJsselmonde. The island IJsselmonde is fragmented and divided, both scenic and administratively. The plan provides a clear perspective to bring greater coherence to this complex context. At the same time, there is an urgent need for a viable development strategy: an energetic direction combined with sufficient flexibility.

Index of portfolio

Cauliflower RevisitedThe regeneration of cauliflower neighbourhoods using an environment-behaviour approach.

Bred

a | 2

014

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Cauliflower RevisitedThe regeneration of cauliflower neighbourhoods using an environment-behaviour approach.

Research by SEV (2012) shows that cauliflower neighbourhoods (bloemkoolwijken) are deteriorating. The graduation project uses an extensive (literature) research in topics such as; environment-behaviour, liveability, public space and off course Cauliflower Neighbourhoods in general. With the aid of this literature research and field analysis a ‘cauliflower’ toolbox is created. Ttoolbox is designed to point out the most occurring problems, and addresses possible design pitfalls. The toolbox is tested on Kesteren - part of the composite cauliflower neighbourhood – the Haagse Beemden, Breda. The final outcome of this project was a design in which an attempt

is been made to regenerate Kesteren through executing five critical spatial interventions. One of the important aspects concerning the regeneration or adaptation of a neighbourhood, is to create common ground with the inhabitants. In this project it is done by pro-active surveys and interviewing inhabitants during site visits. Listening to their desires can be beneficial both ways. In this way essential information about the neighbourhood can be provided by the neighbourhood itself. One of the strategies used to actively engage the inhabitants was by holding a survey and an associated design workshop.

’Bloemkoolwijken’ – (english: cauliflower neighbourhoods) is what they are called in Dutch literature. The neighbourhoods which erected in the seventies until mideighties, consist out of small and curvy road structures ending in cull-de-sacs’. (Slager, 2008:Unkown)

The spread of cauliflower neighbourhoods throughout the Netherlands (Van der Leun et al., 2009)

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Timeline of Architecture and Urban Design movements and their renewal process

This figure shows the different movements within architecture and urban design in the dutch context. It places these movement on a timescale which shows there approximate start and ending. Compared with important aspects of (planning) history. The emphasise in this figure is the total time it took before the first regeneration projects occured. As we can see there nowadays tends to be a ‘natural lifecycle‘ of roughly 30-35 years before the renewal process starts. However we can also remark that these cycles get shorter the further we get in time.

Sources:http://www.ikcro.nl/geschiedenis_ro.htmhttp://www.architectuur.org/stromingen.phphttp://architecture.about.com/cs/historicperiods/a/timeline.htmhttp://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/

rapporten/2012/10/26/opgave-stedelijke-vernieuwing-en-woningbouw.html

http://www.bing.com/maps/

Garden city

Early functionalism

Traditionalism

Neorationalism

Late functionalism

Neo-traditionalism

Rationalism

Postmodernism

Vinex

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1929 Economic Crisis 1980 Economic Crisis 2007 Economic Crisis1979 Second oil crisis1918 end WWI 1945 end WWII

- start Cold War

1914 WWI 1940 WWII 1961 Berlin Wall 2001 Twin towers1973 First oil crisis

1935 Concept AUP, Amsterdam1901 1960 1st ‘NOTA RO’ 1973 1994

2004 ‘NOTA RUIMTE’1967 2nd ‘NOTA RO’ 1988 2001

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Garden city

Early functionalism

Traditionalism

Neorationalism

Late functionalism

Neo-traditionalism

Rationalism

Postmodernism

Vinex

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1929 Economic Crisis 1980 Economic Crisis 2007 Economic Crisis1979 Second oil crisis1918 end WWI 1945 end WWII

- start Cold War

1914 WWI 1940 WWII 1961 Berlin Wall 2001 Twin towers1973 First oil crisis

1935 Concept AUP, Amsterdam1901 1960 1st ‘NOTA RO’ 1973 1994

2004 ‘NOTA RUIMTE’1967 2nd ‘NOTA RO’ 1988 2001

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Critisicm on early post war neighbourhoods

Pre 1945

1945-1969

1970-1984

1985-2000

after 2001

Building period

The dutch housing stock in 2012

28% late post-war neigbourhood

‘cauliflower neigbourhood’

24% early post-war neigbourhoodmainly ‘modernism’

18% ‘VINEX’ neighbourhoods

10% built during an economical crisis

20% pre war buildings

The dutch housing stock in 2012 , created by author, source http://statline.cbs.nl/statweb/

Cauliflower neighbourhoods arose as a counter reaction to the very rational and (semi-) industrial building method named ‘systeembouw’ (system building). This rationalised production method fitted in seamlessly with modernist movement CIAM. Their ideology of light, air and space was being translated in to a rectangular ground pattern and open parcelling with independent building blocks.

The first full grown cauliflower neighbourhood can be found in Emmen and is named ‘Emmerhout’. These neighbourhoods tend to consist out of low-rise buildings connected by curvy and winding roads ending in ‘culs-de-sac’. They are composed out of pedestrian areas with parking areas. It was a place where human encounter and individuality could flourish. These pedestrian areas have a specific Dutch name ‘woonerven’ (shared streets), and integrate pedestrian activity and vehicular movement on one shared surface. In this approach the street has first and foremost the functions of a residence, a playground, and a meeting area.

Brining back the human scale in the urban domain was important in the design of cauliflower neighbourhoods (Ubbink, 2011)

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Figure 51 the Theory of Kaplan and Kaplan: Relationship between factors predicting environmental preference (adapted by author from Kaplan and Kaplan 1987, 1988)

Theory of Kaplan

Immediately apparent

Understanding

Coherence(the extent to which thescene seems to ‘hangtogether’)

Complexity(information richness ofthe scene)

Legibility(the predictednavigability of thescene upon furtherexploration)

Mystery(the promise of thescene offering additionalinformation upon furtherexploration)

Exploration

Can be inferred or predicted

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Old-1

New-1 New-4

0ld-4

The theory of Kaplan & Kaplan from the previous page is adapted and tested so it could be used as an instrument to compare and rank spatial configurations. It works as follows: An urban environment can be perceived on diverse criteria by individuals based on the criteria such as coherency, legibility, mystery and complexity. With diverse mixes of these criteria an environment can be perceived as immediately apparent or predictable, or you can for instance be encouraged to explore the place.

The big question is how is this applicable to design? First we take a look at the current spatial configuration from an eye height perspective (see Old-1). Then we are going to grade the different perceived elements. All these elements together could provoke some kind of bodily action. For instance, the

situation as can be seen in image namd Old-1. This particular situation is easily apparent and particularly legible at first sight. This because of its repetitiveness. Therefore some drivers on this particular road get the idea to drive their car on this road somewhat faster than they should.

If one adjusts the situation (see New-1) and give a more pronounced visual clues where motorists have to watch out for pedestrians crossings, this in this case done by seriously condensing the amount of trees and vegetation around these slow traffic crossings. Then the motorist have a higher trigger response ratio to pay attention and adjust their speed accordingly, for the upcoming contrasting situation in their environment.

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Complexity

COHERENCE

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Complexity

COHERENCE

Complexity

COHERENCE

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Complexity

COHERENCE

Complexity

COHERENCE

**Complexity

COHERENCE

Complexity

COHERENCE

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Complexity

COHERENCE

Complexity

COHERENCE

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Complexity

COHERENCE

Complexity

COHERENCE

**Almost every adaptation of the environment creates either: a change of character, atmosphere, spatial structure and therefore has it influence on the environmental perception aspects such as coherency, legibility, mystery and complexity of an environment. For an urban designer it is good to know what impact the change of the physical environment has on the perception of humans. With the above tool things can be made insightfull easily.

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Antwerpen

Breda

Rotterdam

Location in wider context

Haagse Beemden

The “Haagse Beemden” is situated in Breda, Breda itself lies in between major cities such as Rotterdam and Antwerp. It is connected with this cities and its hinterland via a fast railroad connection and highway.

The boundaries of the planning area are very clear. In the west lies the A16 and the railway which connects Breda and Rotterdam it. This and the different businesses function as an economical corridor. In the north and east, the area is bounded by the river Mark, this and it surrounding land symbolise the ecological border of the Haagse Beemden (see image on the right)

The Haagse Beemden is a large composite cauliflower neighbourhood. According to de Boer and Lambert (1986) the area cannot be conceived as a uniform neighbourhood. It shows itself as a series of neighbourhoods, which are situated around centered country estates (‘Burgste’ and ‘Het IJzer Hek’) and grouped farmlands. This park like estates are part of protected agricultural landscape area. In this way ecological-cultural and historical significance of this ancient area remains maintained.

ecological corridoreconomic corridor

Border conditions

Differentiation in living environments

Urban Green(groenstedelijk)

Urban (stedelijk)

Suburb (voorstedelijk)

Young families

Detached villas

Cheap appartments

Senior

Shopping centre

History

Luxury Living

Child friendly

Child friendly

Suburban setting

old estate

OpennessAssisted living

Childfriendly

Empty nests

unilateral housing supplyDesired

Car - free

open towards landscape

secluded

green rooms

large open space

declining propertyprices

Descending image

train station

dated

‘petit’courtyards

1994

landscape in the neighbourhood

boredom

Bad image

sport

sport

mediterannean atmosphere,

1970

green urban setting

high density

care farm

youngstersno ties with landscape

45-60 year olds

recreation

‘poor’ people

secluded places

Water

Emptynessground-dwelling

old families

elderly people

high turnover rate

declining agricultural activity

individualistic

unplanned use

single people

variety in dwelling type

facing away from landscape

disorienting

neighbourhood entrance

2000

1980

Isolated

1990

1985

green

Car

Ecology

13

Birds eye view on Breda, on the right in the image the northern ringroad of Breda is clearly visible. On the right of this ringroad the contours of the yet to be built Haagse Beemden can be seen. Date and author unknown (Stadsarchief, 2014)

Very negative

Negative

Moderate

Moderate positive

Positive

Very positive

Extremely positive

Housing stockPublic spaceAmenitiesDemographicsSocial cohesionSafety

Deviation from the national average in 2006-50 500

0 200 500 meter

A zoom in on the ‘liveability-index’ (Dutch: Leefbaarheids monitor) of Kesteren (original can be found at http://www.leefbaarometer.nl/leefbaarheidskaarten (2014)), adapted by author

Problem AreaFor master graduation project it would be too big of a task, to adjust and improve all problems and complications in the Haagse Beemden. Therefore ‘leefbaarheidsmonitor’ research by ‘Atlas Leefomgeving’ is been consulted. In this way it becomes quickly clear where the problem areas are in the Haagse Beemden. There are some ‘moderate’ places which stand out from the rest. They seem to focus in the south-east area of the Haagse Beemden. They stand out becasuse they score low on a couple of liveability aspects. The worst part of Haagse Beemden ended up to be the neighbourhood Kesteren. Also regional newspaper articles show Kesteren as a problem area. All together good reasons and opportunities for a graduate student to give this neighbourhood a closer look.

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Leftover green

050

0 mete

r20

0

100

25

Parking ratio

Left over green

Problems in public space

non-regulated titter dumping

Overcrowded parking lots At the main access roads, the parking lots are situated 8,30 meter apart. This because only one car fits between the chestnut trees

No maintenance of public space

Backside situation (no eyes on the street)

15

Facade study

Facade elevation - Jeannette Houwingstraat

Facade elevation - Kesterenlaan (odd numbering)

Facade elevation - Johanna Ufkesstraat (odd numbering)

Section - Kesterenlaan (’167 ‘ - “108”)

16,4 9 91,15 1,7 1,7 1,81,7 1,71,85 1,856

Private

Distance (meters)

Public

Backyard HouseHouse Frontyard Frontyard

Sidewalk Parking Main roadBushes

SidewalkParkingBushes

This section shows the Kesterenlaan and the distribution between public and private space.

In the facade study the different facades which can be found in the western part of the neighbourhood are shown. They show a very high resemblance to each other. This makes this part of the neighbourhood very coherent, yet to make the public live a bit more vivid also some complex aspects should be present. In this way the different parts of the neighbourhood are not very legible.

“An area surrounded by buildings of the same height, materials, symmetry

or another resemblance brings coherence into the image. Nevertheless,

a certain degree of complexity is also needed in the streetscape, as this gives us new information and stimulates our

senses.” (Kaplan, 1987)

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Survey public space “Kesteren”

Page -4- Graduation research: Arjan Dekkers

Rental home

9. Would u be prepared to pay for the adaptations to your house, or perphaps pay somewhat

more rent for your adapted house?

Yes, but only if needed

7a. If you could choose between streets, where would you rather live?

Option 1; conservation of current situation

8a. If u had the opportunity to change your house, would you change or expand your

dwelling?

Yes

No - continue at page 5

Option 1

Option 2



Priority



Innercourt (1)

10. Do you see the innercourt as an extension of your backyard?

12. Do you want to have a look out on the innercourt?

Yes

Yes

No

No

11. Do you see ourself as an owner or user of the innercourt?User

Owner

Both of above



Inhabitants survey

Q8b Rental home: adapt dwelling

Yes No Yes No

Q10 Do you see the courtyard as an extension of your backyard?

Yes No

Q8 If you had the money and the opportunities to change your dwellingwould you do it?

Yes No Financial Social

No participationBoth

No Yes Yes, however I don’t have kids of my own

Q16 Do you want to participate in improving the innercourt

Q16 Do you want to aid financialy or on a social level?

Q14 Would you like to have a view or overlook at the playing kid(s) in the courtyard?

User Owner Both Yes No Acces Occlusion Different

Q12 Do you want to have view on the courtyard

Q13 Do you see the fence as an occlusion of the private space or accespoint to the public space?

Q11 Are you the owner or user ofthe courtyard?

Q8a Owner occupied: adapt dwelling

Option 1

Option 2

Q7a Owner occupied: Q7b Rental home:

Option 2 Option 2Option 1 Option 1

Question 7: If you could choose in which kind of street you could livewhich street would it be?

05

101520253035%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q4 What kind of grade would you give the public space of Kesteren?

05

101520253035

Q5 What feels at home?

Entering: Breda Haagse beemden

Kesteren Street Garden Dwelling

Q6 Homeownership

Owner occupiedRental home

Q8b Rental home: adapt dwelling

Yes No Yes No

Q10 Do you see the courtyard as an extension of your backyard?

Yes No

Q8 If you had the money and the opportunities to change your dwellingwould you do it?

Yes No Financial Social

No participationBoth

No Yes Yes, however I don’t have kids of my own

Q16 Do you want to participate in improving the innercourt

Q16 Do you want to aid financialy or on a social level?

Q14 Would you like to have a view or overlook at the playing kid(s) in the courtyard?

User Owner Both Yes No Acces Occlusion Different

Q12 Do you want to have view on the courtyard

Q13 Do you see the fence as an occlusion of the private space or accespoint to the public space?

Q11 Are you the owner or user ofthe courtyard?

Q8a Owner occupied: adapt dwelling

Option 1

Option 2

Q7a Owner occupied: Q7b Rental home:

Option 2 Option 2Option 1 Option 1

Question 7: If you could choose in which kind of street you could livewhich street would it be?

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101520253035%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q4 What kind of grade would you give the public space of Kesteren?

05

101520253035

Q5 What feels at home?

Entering: Breda Haagse beemden

Kesteren Street Garden Dwelling

Q6 Homeownership

Owner occupiedRental home

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Dialogue as researchOne of the important factors concerning urban regeneration is the dialogue designers have whith the context. One of the most important dialogues is the one with the inhabitants of the area. The inhabitants spend much more time in the area, then us designers will ever do. So when going to revitalise their environment, there is a lot to learn from these people. Most of the times you as a designer are looked at as intruder, automatically you will get the stigma as the cause of pure evil, and even more often they don’t want to help or participate.

This experience is based on personal experience as part-time employee at Dimensus beleidsonderzoek (social policy research bureau). During my days as an employee of BVR; adviseurs ruimteljike ontwikkeling, I learned valuable lessons on communicating and the participation off residents. While being in Kesteren the neighbourhood community building was visited. It was however a pity that this neighbourhood building wasn’t even occupied half of the time during the visits. Therefore a next step was taken, and a site specific survey was created for the inhabitants which lived adjacent of the courtyard area. The surveys were conducted in the Dutch, English and Turkish language.

The main findings of the survey were that people actually wanted to use the inner court adjacent to their backyard. Analysis and observations turned out that the area behind the houses was kind of a wasteland. But the survey confirmed that residents avoid the inner court, so this gives a great opportunity to residents to offer an improvement in public space.

An important question in the survey was: if You could choose in what kind of street you could live, which street would it be?

There were two possible answers (see left page).

Option 1 Showed their current street with no physical changes and thus continuous repetitive housing.

Option 2 Showed the same street but with differentiated facades (a somewhat enriched environment).

In the owner occupied category over 90% answered that they would love to live in a street-which is more differentiated. For the rental homes it was almost two thirds. This gives a clear indication that the inhabitants thought their living environment was pretty dull. And they were open minded in changing their living environment.

“Research on animals finds that environmental enrichment could aid the treatment and recovery of numerous brain-related

dysfunctions… whereas a lack of stimulation might impair cognitive development. Moreover, this research also suggests

that environmental enrichment leads to a greater level of cognitive reserve..”

“Research on animals finds that environmental enrichment could aid the treatment and recovery of numerous brain-related dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's disease and those connected to aging, whereas a lack of stimulation might impair cognitive development. Moreover, this research also suggests that environmental enrichment leads to a greater level of cognitive reserve, the brain's resilience to the effects of conditions such as aging and dementia.”

Environmental enrichment

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Repetitive and monotonoushousing blocks

Legend

No hierarchy or explicit routing

Not enough spots to park a car

Barrier between ‘landgoed-erenzone’and neighbourhood

Undesirable backside situation

Lack of quality in the physical environment at Laaghamplein

Conclusions from analytical framework

Intervention map

Adding hierarchy and legible routingThere is no clear structure in the neighbourhood, the hierarchy is almost non existent and the routing lacks legibility aspects.

* Creating circuits (black) for the motorised traffic (change of profiles: for better hierarchy, and traffic flow)

* Improving and extending the slow traffic (orange) routing (creating a more coherent and lively pedestrian route, with this improved routing the original design ideas are re-enforced and improved)

What?Why?

How? technique , what is improving

COHERENCE

Live!y

Upgrading public space of innercourts and improving the back and frontside of adjacent building plots

The innercourts are only faced by fences of adjacent plots. Tthe public space has no particular appeal to its inhabitants. According to a survey the inhabitants want a less monotonous neighbourhood

* Transforming the innercourts into a high quality, well used physical environment

* A (modest) framework of regulations to guide and encourage the transition of the backside plot situation by linking it to the highly desired facade modifications

nvitationsLive!yPr tection

S@fe

Sustaina leHealthy Del ght

Creating a green wedgeThe interaction and connection with the ‘landgoederenzone’ is heavily neglected and almost meaningless

* Creating a green wedge which carves through the existing urban landscape and in this way redefining the edge and make a direct connection with the ‘landgoederenzone’, by incorporating the slow traffic network.

* A new building is added which functions as a landmark.

nvitationsSustaina

le

Creating room for parking spotsThe current parking norm is around 0.97 where 1.2 is needed. At present every lose space is used for parking. During site visits it is the biggest complaint by the residents.

* Creating extra parking spots along the main roads of Kesteren. This is done by clustering the trees at the nodes, and in this way changing the profile so it becomes less monotonous.

Pr tectionS@fe

Bringing back the ‘original’ symmetry of Hamplein The current situation is undesirable and could be improved significantly by removing unnecessary elements.

* Bring back symmetry by reducing the amount of trees, and replacement of the current parking lots to the side

* A slow traffic conneciton is placed on the central axis to maximise the symmetry and legibility aspects

COHERENCE nvitations

Live!y Pr tection

S@fe

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Impression of renewed routing and spatial structure. The routing now connects all locations of importance, this has an important spatial impact on the neighbourhood.

Groene mat onder infra en groene knooppunten zodat deze meer uitgesproken wordenBebouwing daken/ ondergrond nog een nkleur mee geven

Complexity

COHERENCE

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**The redesign of the Kesterenlaan (and Laaghamlaan) is needed because of the total lack of places to park in Kesteren. The solution for this problem is found in the replacement of the in most places still immature trees (this after more than 30 years), these take a lot of space in the current situation because they are placed more than 8 meters apart(!). In this way for three cars to park, almost 25 meters is needed. With the removal of the trees some of the initial basic qualities of the lane structure of the street profile vanish. But this is a sacrifice which is needed to

get the parking balance right. The green will be clustered around the nodes in this way quality green impulses can be given on the most important spots. Another advantage of this is that the crossings will be better visible in the system. By locating the trees and green around the nodes the aim is to trigger the motorised traffic to slow down at this junctions. The outer edges of the parking spots are marked by gabions, which provide a clear demarcation of the parking spaces. Besides given a pleasant natural separation which is maintenance free.

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A new center for Agniesebuurt

Rotte

rdam

| 20

12

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AGNIESEBUURT

HOSPITAL + INDUSTRY

EDGES + BORDERS + TRANSITIONS

LANDMARKS + POINTS OF ORIENTATION

HIGH RISE + CBD

HOUSING BLOCKS + PARKS

HOUSING BLOCKS + SHOPPING MALL

MEDIUM HIGH RISE

AGNIESEBUURT

d i a g n o s i sareal context & local issues

The project area for the following analysis and design proposals lies in the Oute Noord of Rotterdam. The area,

-mental vanes, comprises seven districts. The districts

moves from the south, out of the city center, to the north.

Spatial knots are generated at moments of pedestrian

infrastructural intersections such as the tram and bus stations or the entrance to the shopping mall on Bergweg.

Due to the uniformity in the height of the housing blocks, the high rise developments become key elements for orientation and landmarks for the pedestrian eye. These vertical elements are juxtaposed by the continuous ele-

the project area resembling a structural Ariadne’s thread.

The district ‘oude Noorden’ is defined by distinct infrastructural and environmental vanes, comprises seven districts. The districts differ in their environmental characters, changing as one moves from the south, out of the city center, to the north. Spatial knots are generated at moments of pedestrian traffic intensification, which radiates from situations of infrastructural intersections such as the tram and bus stations or the entrance to the shopping mall on Bergweg. Due to the uniformity in the height of the housing blocks, the high rise developments become key elements for orientation and landmarks for the pedestrian eye. These vertical elements are juxtaposed by the

continuous element of the Hoflijn which guides the pedestrian through the project area resembling a structural Ariadne’s thread.

Agniesebuurt part of Oude Noorden in Rotterdam has long been seen as a deprived area. There are some mentionable initiatives by local residents, however an overall plan is missing. The design which has been created aims at interlinking these initiatives. This by making use of present spatial qualities and the regeneration of public space.

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05.

1 : 1500

Schiekade - Mainly introvert entrances, or pedestrian (low speed exits)

Closed (almost hidden) entrances for slow traffic towards Agnesiebuurt

Open “street” entrances towards Agnesiebuurt

Building block entrance towards (semi-) private garden

Teilingerstraat - Streets with shops on the ground floor

Noordsingel - Mainly streets and dwellings on ground floor

Bergweg - Mainly streets and entrances to the dwellings on the ground floor

05.

1 : 1500








05.

1 : 1500








Map showing the entrances of the Agniesebuurt. A deviation is been made between the different streetscapes and encompassing atmospheres. Another deviation is been made between the way the entrances present itself towards the street.

The entrance towards the Agniesebuurt from the Schiekade is almost hidden, and only accessible for slow traffic.

These exits of the backsides almost feel like an insideout turned building blocks is very introvert and dissuasive.

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JOHAN DE GRAAFSPECIAL EDUCATION

elementary school

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS & HOUSING FOR REDEVELOPMENT

CINEAC TV

KOOK MET MIJ MEE !harvest met mij mee?


elementary school

THEATERGROEP

SIBERIA

H

H

H

H

H

H

FUNCTIONS, FACILITIES & TRAFFIC

1 : 1500

CINEAC TV


cultural institutioneducational institutionshopsdining

workshopsoffice


elementary school

THEATERGROEP

SIBERIA

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS & HOUSING FOR REDEVELOPMENT


The map illustrates the variety and frequency facilities ranging from shops and restaurants to office buildings and workshops, as well as cultural and educational institutions.

The contrast between the commercial concentration of the edges and the inside, catered by public institutions, is a significant character of the neighborhood. The pedestrian boulevard in front of the office buildings and the collage, to the

south of the project area generates a gradient of public activity towards the inner part of the neighborhood.

While the northern part of the Hofbogen structure, oriented towards the former Bergweg station and the shopping mall, is largely rented, the southern spaces are predominantly left unused.

26

Hans Kervezee ‘Kook met mij mee!’

Having a 500m² per-macultural garden in the neighbourhood, I would find it great to utalize the Hofbogenfor more urban gar-dening. My initiatives are about incorporat -ing the inhabitants and creating aware-ness, this takes a lot of time of course.

Andre Huijsresident

I love the neigh-bourhood with all its diversity! Do you see that place, that is the place I was born 65 years ago.

John RoosKultuur Koerier

Having your business in the Hofbogenideal because of its central location. Lots of students from the Zadkine work with us, thus they are close to the business. That saves a lot of travel-ling time from city ring business parks.

Martin HordijkM’art carpenting

The rent is slightly higher then in other parts of the city, but I enjoy the athmo -sphere of the neigh -bourhood and the charm of the Hogbo -gen. Sometimes the inhabitants come in to saw some small things.

Mr. ?Kebab Jordan

I don’t live in the neighbourhood, this is not a place I want my kids to grow up in. One night there were six robberies in this street, despite the installed cameras.

1 : 1500

Multicultural neigbourhood with families and children

Positive map

Public institutionsUrban playground

I love this neigbour-hood with all it’s diversity

Do you see that place, that is the place i was born

over 65 years agoI own a workshop,

sometimes the inhabitantscome in to saw some small

cardboardI would love to go

on top of this railway,it would be excellent for

playing tag!

We want to perform on this abandonded

railwaytrack

We should really grow some vegetables on

Look at the sceneryit is beautifull over here,

the “Hof” what was itcalled again?

“This is not a place I want my kids to grow up”

......

“There where six robberies in one night”

“The municipality placed a camera it was

taken down the same night”

The pavement over here is pretty

useless

I want some more dayligt in my

courier service, but at themoment it is not

possible

1 : 1500

Closed (private) space

Negative map

Criminal activityLack of maintenance Not using the above site of the Hoflijn

Conclusion maps

27

Hans Kervezee ‘Kook met mij mee!’

Having a 500m² per-macultural garden in the neighbourhood, I would find it great to utalize the Hofbogenfor more urban gar-dening. My initiatives are about incorporat -ing the inhabitants and creating aware-ness, this takes a lot of time of course.

Andre Huijsresident

I love the neigh-bourhood with all its diversity! Do you see that place, that is the place I was born 65 years ago.

John RoosKultuur Koerier

Having your business in the Hofbogenideal because of its central location. Lots of students from the Zadkine work with us, thus they are close to the business. That saves a lot of travel-ling time from city ring business parks.

Martin HordijkM’art carpenting

The rent is slightly higher then in other parts of the city, but I enjoy the athmo -sphere of the neigh -bourhood and the charm of the Hogbo -gen. Sometimes the inhabitants come in to saw some small things.

Mr. ?Kebab Jordan

I don’t live in the neighbourhood, this is not a place I want my kids to grow up in. One night there were six robberies in this street, despite the installed cameras.

1 : 1500

Multicultural neigbourhood with families and children

Positive map

Public institutionsUrban playground

I love this neigbour-hood with all it’s diversity

Do you see that place, that is the place i was born

over 65 years agoI own a workshop,

sometimes the inhabitantscome in to saw some small

cardboardI would love to go

on top of this railway,it would be excellent for

playing tag!

We want to perform on this abandonded

railwaytrack

We should really grow some vegetables on

Look at the sceneryit is beautifull over here,

the “Hof” what was itcalled again?

“This is not a place I want my kids to grow up”

......

“There where six robberies in one night”

“The municipality placed a camera it was

taken down the same night”

The pavement over here is pretty

useless

I want some more dayligt in my

courier service, but at themoment it is not

possible

1 : 1500

Closed (private) space

Negative map

Criminal activityLack of maintenance Not using the above site of the Hoflijn

28

v i s i o n

MODEL 1:500

POCKET FARMINGArjan Dekkers

A COMMUNAL HUBEmilia Bruck

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

REDEFINING;

STREET LEVEL

Klaas Akkerman

a new center for agniesebuurt

Vision: a new center for Agniesebuurt

The northern area of Agniesebuurt, distinct for its multicultural neighbourhood, is spatially defined by a gradient from commercial fringes to personalized urban spaces, particularly in proximity to the educational institutions. Utilizing the potential of the current public spaces, greatly catering for the children of the neighbouring elementary and secondary schools, a public heart enveloping the Hoflijn could be envisioned.

Our projects take the existing cultural and educational institutions as a basis for a joined network of urban revitalization. By connecting the spaces infrastructurally, they are put into public, hence social, proximity to each other. Our projects create a spatial communication within the neighbourhood, not merely by establishing a coherent urbanity, but enabling a platform for neighbourhood activity, cumulating in social identity.

The characteristic of a self-enclosed residential neighbourhood is seen as a virtue to be maintained. Therefor the entrances are kept in there inconsiderable manner, while the perspectives which can be appreciated, when in the position, are transformed into spatial continuums towards the new neighbourhood center encompassing the Hofbogen.

29

GROUND LEVEL

m

0.8

m

5.6

15.0 m

buurt

media center& library

child daycare

buurt marketworkshop

aterlier

café craetive industry workshops amphitheater

restaurant

pu

gni

dael sriats

offices

CINEAC TV


cultural institutioneducational institutionKEA project area


elementary school

ACCENTPrO Centre

secondary school

THEATERGROEP

SIBERIA

gnixob

tsopeciffo

salgnekrew

kole

TRAM

.r njitram

ytrap retnec

nesnaj

drajlib

rabkans

aidemerots

ocnemalf

TOP LEVEL

m

0.8

m

5.6

15.0 m

FUNCTIONS, FACILITIES & TRAFFIC

CINEAC TV



elementary school

ACCENTPrO Centre

secondary school

THEATERGROEP

SIBERIA

gnixob

tsopeciffo

salgnekrew

kole

TRAM

.r njitram

ytrap retnec

nesnaj

drajlib

rabkans

aidemerots

ocnemalf

media center& libraryp

u g

nida

el sriats

community agriculture community agriculture

community agriculture

restaurant

lifted playgroundwild park

café

-

-

-

1 : 1500

1 : 1500

cultural institutioneducational institutionKEA project area

30

`There is a huge demand forland to grow crops on,

however we can’t get any!’

`If you want to know the place you should live there´

`Bring the people togetherwith (vegetarian cooking’

In the direct neighbourhood is a office which contains a school, at this moment cars and cyclists have to acces the place from this non pleasant alley.

There is no direct clear routing

Blind stone wall / Not an active facade (Gehl, 1994)Where ends the public space, what is the dividing spatial element between public and private?

Most of the appartments facing the square have bathrooms adjacent to the square. In this way there are no eyes on the street (Jacobs, 1961)

At the moment the parking lot is very often used, as an unwanted parking garage. According to the statistics there is no current parking problem in total numbers (Municipality of Rotterdam, 2010)

Hans Kervezee of “Cook with Me” and his community are in desperate need of soil to grow crops.

The current light plan is a complete disaster, with only one functioning lamppost

At this moment in the whole of Agniesebuurt 0% is reserved for water retention.

Observation and analyses

31

`There is a huge demand forland to grow crops on,

however we can’t get any!’

`If you want to know the place you should live there´

`Bring the people togetherwith (vegetarian cooking’

In the direct neighbourhood is a office which contains a school, at this moment cars and cyclists have to acces the place from this non pleasant alley.

There is no direct clear routing

Blind stone wall / Not an active facade (Gehl, 1994)Where ends the public space, what is the dividing spatial element between public and private?

Most of the appartments facing the square have bathrooms adjacent to the square. In this way there are no eyes on the street (Jacobs, 1961)

At the moment the parking lot is very often used, as an unwanted parking garage. According to the statistics there is no current parking problem in total numbers (Municipality of Rotterdam, 2010)

Hans Kervezee of “Cook with Me” and his community are in desperate need of soil to grow crops.

The current light plan is a complete disaster, with only one functioning lamppost

At this moment in the whole of Agniesebuurt 0% is reserved for water retention.

Observations and analysisThe observations and analysis where based on several visits. These visits where in most cases with our project team to get some collaboration and to create a multiple shared vision. I also made a couple of visits on my own initiative. One of the most striking observations were made during a nightly visit of the project area. The Hofbogen as an element on itself was perfectly lit, in contrast to its direct surroundings.

32

Section A’- AA’

Trees

Cherry tree

1,7 - 2,5 meter

Plum tree

1,7 - 4 meter

Medlar tree

2- 6 meter

Apple tree

2,5 - 3 meter

Fig tree (Ficus Garcia)

1,75 - 3 meter

Pear tree

1,8 - 3 meter

Vegetables

Golden Elm

8 meter

Horse Chestnut

10 - 35 meter

AjugaHeight: 15-30 cmPalmy days: April - March

Liriope muscariHeight: 30-50 cmPalmy days: August - October

Vinca minor Height: 20-35 cmPalmy days: March-April

Soil plants Materialisation

Cobble stonesDurable, contemporary and contrasting with green elements, recurring element

CarrotsSpinach Potatoes Broccoli Beans Lettuce CabbageStrawberries Peas Scallion Watermelon Pumpkin

Campanula poscharskyanaHeight: 15 cmPalmy days: June - September

Polystichum polyblepharumHeight: 50-60 cmPalmy days: March-April

Tiarella cordifoliaHeight: 20-25 cmPalmy days: May-June

ConcreteDurable, contemporary, aesthetic andeasy to mold into different shapes

33

Section B’- BB’

Trees

Cherry tree

1,7 - 2,5 meter

Plum tree

1,7 - 4 meter

Medlar tree

2- 6 meter

Apple tree

2,5 - 3 meter

Fig tree (Ficus Garcia)

1,75 - 3 meter

Pear tree

1,8 - 3 meter

Vegetables

Golden Elm

8 meter

Horse Chestnut

10 - 35 meter

AjugaHeight: 15-30 cmPalmy days: April - March

Liriope muscariHeight: 30-50 cmPalmy days: August - October

Vinca minor Height: 20-35 cmPalmy days: March-April

Soil plants Materialisation

Cobble stonesDurable, contemporary and contrasting with green elements, recurring element

CarrotsSpinach Potatoes Broccoli Beans Lettuce CabbageStrawberries Peas Scallion Watermelon Pumpkin

Campanula poscharskyanaHeight: 15 cmPalmy days: June - September

Polystichum polyblepharumHeight: 50-60 cmPalmy days: March-April

Tiarella cordifoliaHeight: 20-25 cmPalmy days: May-June

ConcreteDurable, contemporary, aesthetic andeasy to mold into different shapes

On the left side you can view the sun and shadow situation on the longest and shortest day of the year, both of the images are rendered at noon exactly. The images are taken from the roof teracce of the library.

The usual wind direction of this particular place in Rotterdam is South-West (SW). This is the same as for the rest of the Netherlands. Because the buildings don’t exceed the height of 25 meters, the need for additional wind canopys is not present. climate. In the summer it can get as high as ~35 degrees Celcius and during the winter time at night temperature can drop just below -10 degrees Celcius. In my design which involves a lot of green facades and water elements. These elements helps to stabilise this microclimate a lot. This is partly because the heat capacity of water is high. The image on the absolute right end corner the average temperature is put against the open and soiled surface. You can inmideality see a drop in temperature on place which has much green. I calculated that my design has a permeability of 26%. This is allready much more then the current 0% for Agniesebuurt.

image by Slater et al. 2010

Microclimate (SUET)

34

Dune LifeLiving in the dunes with great connections

IJm

uide

n |

201

2

Cities are dynamic systems which grow and interact according to the needs of their people and the reality of the experiencing society. In this context, the cities are studied and then adjusted to meet the objectives of their creation.

During the "R & D Studio: Analysis & Design of Urban Form" and especially for the preparation of this project, a coastal city was studied. This city was initially studied in relation to its structural characteristics, by analysing its spatial position, history, infrastructure, urban functions, physical characteristics, socio-economic background and its occurring issues of coastal safety.

Having understood the structural elements and features that compose the studied city, as well as the problems and the aspirations of its residents, a vision was created for the study area, which was attributed by creating a structural plan. This structural plan had its influence on the region as on the local level. In the context of the elaboration of the aforementioned plan, individual strategies and areas of major importance were put out, which highlighted various critical projects. In the process, a programming implementation of the proposed interventions was developed and areas, that have been the individual field of engagement of the working group, were selected. Each member of the working group worked on the elaboration of a critical project, which in the end were combined together.

One of the most important changes on the regional level was the re-connection of IJmuiden to the train network of the Netherlands. By re-connecting IJmuiden to the train network, the time it takes to travel between Amsterdam and IJmuiden by public transport is almost cut in half. Therefore the position of IJmuiden in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam shifts. One of the key projects the author worked on within the transformation of IJmuiden is entitled ‘Dune life’. It is an integral urban design which combines flood risk water management with a transformation of an derelict industrial zone into a self-organised city.

35

36

DESIGNING A SELF ORGANISED CITY |

ALDO VAN EYCK:

HUMANISM AND URBANISM

JANE JACOBS:

WALKABILITY AND SMALL SCALE

CAREL WEEBER:

LIBERALISM AND URBANISM

KEVIN LYNCH:

HUMAN PERCEPTION LEGIBILITY

CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER:

THE CITY IS A SEMILATTICE, NOT A TREE,COMPLEXITY AND UR

BANISM

THEORY

(SOURCE: graduation project Tim Ruijs)

GERT URHAHN:

IS THERE A PLANNING MODEL THAT CREATES FREEDOM INSTEAD OF RESTRICTING IT?PETER CALTHORPE:

WALKABILITY AND COMPACT URBANISM

LUUK BOELENS:

ORGANIZE AND ENROL ACTORS

JUVAL PORTUGALI:

THE INTER REPRESENTATION NETWORK CITY BASED ON INTERPRATIVE SOCIOLOGY

THEORY 10 CONCLUSIONS ON THEORY

4. FLEXIBLE PUBLIC SPACE

1. A CLEAR DEFINED FRAMEWORK COLLECTIVE

2. FLEXIBLE INFILL OF ALLOTMENT PRIVATE

8. COMPACT URBANISM

7. HIGH DENSITY

3. FUNCTIONAL FREEDOM

6. HISTORICAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT AS GUIDING INSTRUMENT ENIUS LOCI

5. PUBLIC TRANSPORT AS CARRIER

10. CREATE CLEAR REGULATIONS

9. STIMULATE DIVERSITY

174 VALUE AND PRINCIPLES FOR SELF ORGANIZATION

DESIGNING A SELF ORGANISED CITY |

ALDO VAN EYCK:

HUMANISM AND URBANISM

JANE JACOBS:

WALKABILITY AND SMALL SCALE

CAREL WEEBER:

LIBERALISM AND URBANISM

KEVIN LYNCH:

HUMAN PERCEPTION LEGIBILITY

CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER:

THE CITY IS A SEMILATTICE, NOT A TREE,COMPLEXITY AND UR

BANISM

THEORY

(SOURCE: graduation project Tim Ruijs)

GERT URHAHN:

IS THERE A PLANNING MODEL THAT CREATES FREEDOM INSTEAD OF RESTRICTING IT?PETER CALTHORPE:

WALKABILITY AND COMPACT URBANISM

LUUK BOELENS:

ORGANIZE AND ENROL ACTORS

JUVAL PORTUGALI:

THE INTER REPRESENTATION NETWORK CITY BASED ON INTERPRATIVE SOCIOLOGY

THEORY 10 CONCLUSIONS ON THEORY

4. FLEXIBLE PUBLIC SPACE

1. A CLEAR DEFINED FRAMEWORK COLLECTIVE

2. FLEXIBLE INFILL OF ALLOTMENT PRIVATE

8. COMPACT URBANISM

7. HIGH DENSITY

3. FUNCTIONAL FREEDOM

6. HISTORICAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT AS GUIDING INSTRUMENT ENIUS LOCI

5. PUBLIC TRANSPORT AS CARRIER

10. CREATE CLEAR REGULATIONS

9. STIMULATE DIVERSITY

174 VALUE AND PRINCIPLES FOR SELF ORGANIZATION

Sustainability is one of the big issues nowadays, therefore tabula rasa was out of the question. Many students did disagree, however in my idea not all the things in the current industrial area have to be demolished. Besides that I wanted to create a (part of the) city which could adapt. That if future situations might occur, my basic ideas (framework) could still function in a different time period, with different demands.

Because of the small timeframe during the project. I used and tested theorie derived by Tim Ruijs. He did this by reading theories by well-known urbanists and planners from all over the world. His conclusion did end up in ten rules. The conclusion of his research can be found in the diagram above. For this project I tried to test and involve as many of these rules as possible.

37

Current Primary water defense: Amperestraat Future scenario: Primary water defense: KromhoutstraatFlood level (area of in�uence) Flood level (area of in�uence)

Current Primary water defense: Amperestraat Future scenario: Primary water defense: KromhoutstraatFlood level (area of in�uence) Flood level (area of in�uence)Current primary water defense line: Amperestraat

Future primary water defense line: Kromhoutstraat, Dokweg

The location could be found in the western industrial region of IJmuiden. Within this industrial site it is located in south-east corner. At the moment it is mono-functional industrial area. It is positioned alongside the dunes, and surrounded by the Dokweg, Ampèrestraat, Kaplanstraat and the main access road the Kromhoutstraat.

IJmuiden as many other Dutch and western European cities are going to have a new agenda item for the upcoming years. It’s called the aging problem, in the near future the aging population is going to cause population shrinkage. Therefore a strategy has been made to attract young creative people and students into the city of IJmuiden. The catalyst intervention to solve this phenomena is given a location on my intervention site.

In the group vision (breaking up the boundaries) adding the connections with the metropolitan network became really important. This is also true for the location we are looking at now. This specific area is in desperate need of a high quality infrastructure connection.

In the current situation the primary water defense is at the southern border of the location (Ampèrestraat). This basically means that if there is a big flood occurring, the whole industrial area would be flooded. However the complete hinterland including the residential area of IJmuiden is protected. This particular problem needs to be solved if this area is transformed to an area which also contains residents. There are a couple of solutions to this problem one of them is to move the primary water defense more north towards the Kromhoutstraat.

Initial intervention location

38

Existing qualities (dunes + buildings)

Adding critical mass (new inhabitants) Nature boost (giving space to naturally develop dunescape)

New dyke (Kromhoutstraat) Connection (public transport, light rail)

+ +

+

+

=

The preservation of existing qualities such as the preservation of building qualitfy is important besides that, the dunes give the place personality (genius loci).

The new dyke is the solution for the flooding problem, without this sandy hill protecting the area, living here would be impossible.

On top of this dune comes the main infrastructure including the new light rail (public transport as carrier).

By adding the new buildings on top of the existing buildings and on the foundations of demolished buildings. The legislation for the added mass only covers the maximum perimeter of the framework. But in this framework there is place for just about anything, with this an attempt is made to encourage flexible infill of allotment but also functional freedom and stimulate diversity.

In this plan there is place for unregulated dune development, in this way an attempt to adjust the current hardness of the present Natura 2000 guidelines is sought.

Design Idea (a smart layered intervention)

By in some way giving a very loose “land use plan” (see right page), an attempt is made to make the location flexible. But still there are given some very clear regulations. These regulations are given to guarantee some spatial qualities which contain some vistas, and the opportunity for pedestrians to cross the area easier. It also tries to guarantee some functional freedom, and in this way try withstand the test of time. By making a more flexible plan the jurisdiction side of the area, takes less time to adapt to future situations.

39

Housing

Working: Office

Working: Industry

Working: CreativeBusinessAmenities: Horeca and Facilities

Housing

Working: Office

Working: Industry

Working: CreativeBusinessAmenities: Horeca andFacilities

CURRENT PROGRAMMATIC BALANCE“DUINLEVEN-OOST”

DESIRABLE PROGRAMMATIC BALANCE“DUINLEVEN-OOST”

Residential

Sub-zoning Further indication

Land-use plan boundary

Ampèrestraat

James Wattstraat

Verhoogde Kromhoutstraat

Kapl

anst

raat

Dokw

eg

Minimum building height in meters (N.A.P.) / Maximum building height in meters (N.A.P.)

Building enveloppe size in procent

Land use objectives

Terms

Scale: 1:10.000

Land use plan: Duinleven - Oost, IJmuiden

Traffic purposes

Green purposes

Underground private parking

Residential area (free market)

Residence in existing structure

Multifunctional / residentialuse in and on existing structure

Building block Semi-private garden

Front yard

space for irregulated dune development

R (b)

R (b)

R (b)

R (b) R (b)

R (b)

R (b)

G

Horeca purposesH

H

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

6 / 12

15 / 2210.8/15

10.8/15

10.8/15

12/15

10/14.4

13/18

10.8/15

7.2 / 22

7.2 / 14.4

7.2 / 14.4

7.2 / 14.47.2 / 14.4

10.8 / 15

65%

Building percentage option to develop own business

Existing buildings

(25%)

(25%)

65%

80%

65%

(s-p)

(s-p)

(s-p)

(s-p)

(f-y)

(f-y)

(f-y)

R (e)

Possible entrepeneurshipR (E)

M

R (E)

R (e)

R (e) R (e)

R (a)

R (a) R (a)

R (a)

G

G

G

G

GG

GG

Do It Yourself housing, DIY ruleset DIY Examples - AmDOK

GROUNDS SPOT MARKED “UNDERPASS-1” SHOULD REMAIN UNDEVELOPED TO A HEIGHT OF 3 STOREYS.UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED.IT IS PERMITTED IN THIS PLAN INDICATED CONSTRUCTION AND / OR DESTINATION BOUNDARIES OR TO DEROGATE FROM MANDATORY FAÇADE LINE FOR: SIDEWALKS, FRONT STEPS, FOUNDATIONS, SKIRTING BOARDS, WINDOW FRAMES, DOWN PIPES FOR RAINWATER, WALL DECORATIONS, WALLS OF DUCTS, CHIMNEYS AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 0.2 METERS; WALL ACCENTS, WALL AND CORNICES, PILASTERS, OVERHANGING ROOFS, DORMER WINDOWS, BALCONIES AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 1.5 METERS AND IT WORKS NOT LOWER THAN THE SECOND FLOOR; LIFTING DEVICES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT IS NOT MORE THAN 1 METER; STAIRWELLS, TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS, ROOF TERRACES, FENCES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT DOES NOT EXCEED 2 METERS AND ARE BUILT AT LEAST 2 METERS AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINE.OUNDS SPOT MARKED “UNDERPASS-1” SHOULD REMAIN UNDEVELOPED TO A HEIGHT OF 3 STOREYS.UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED.IT IS PERMITTED IN THIS PLAN INDICATED CONSTRUCTION AND / OR DESTINATION BOUNDARIES OR TO DEROGATE FROM MANDATORY FAÇADE LINE FOR: SIDEWALKS, FRONT STEPS, FOUNDATIONS, SKIRTING BOARDS, WINDOW FRAMES, DOWN PIPES FOR RAINWATER, WALL DECORATIONS, WALLS OF DUCTS, CHIMNEYS AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 0.2 METERS; WALL ACCENTS, WALL AND CORNICES, PILASTERS, OVERHANGING ROOFS, DORMER WINDOWS, BALCONIES AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 1.5 METERS AND IT WORKS NOT LOWER THAN THE SECOND FLOOR; LIFTING DEVICES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT IS NOT MORE THAN 1 METER; STAIRWELLS, TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS, ROOF TERRACES, FENCES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT DOES NOT EXCEED 2 METERS AND ARE BUILT AT LEAST 2 METERS AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINE.GROUNDS SPOT MARKED “UNDERPASS-1” SHOULD REMAIN UNDEVELOPED TO A HEIGHT OF 3 STOREYS. UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED.IT IS PERMITTED IN THIS PLAN INDICATED CONSTRUCTION AND / OR DESTINATION BOUNDARIES OR TO DEROGATE FROM MANDATORY FAÇADE LINE FOR: SIDEWALKS, FRONT STEPS, FOUNDATIONS, SKIRTING BOARDS, WINDOW FRAMES, DOWN PIPES FOR RAINWATER, WALL DECORATIONS, WALLS OF DUCTS, CHIMNEYS AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 0.2 METERS; WALL ACCENTS, WALL AND CORNICES, PILASTERS, OVERHANGING ROOFS, DORMER WINDOWS, BALCONIES AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 1.5 METERS AND IT WORKS NOAT LEAST 2 METERS AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINE.

GROUNDS SPOT MARKED “UNDERPASS-1” SHOULD REMAIN UNDEVELOPED TO A HEIGHT OF 3 STOREYS. UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED.IT IS PERMITTED IN THIS PLAN INDICATED CONSTRUCTION AND / OR DESTINATION BOUNDARIES OR TO DEROGATE FROM MANDATORY FAÇADE LINE FOR: SIDEWALKS, FRONT STEPS, FOUNDATIONS, SKIRTING BOARDS, WINDOW FRAMES, DOWN PIPES FOR RAINWATER, WALL DECORATIONS, WALLS OF DUCTS, CHIMNEYS AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 0.2 METERS; WALL ACCENTS, WALL AND CORNICES, PILASTERS, OVERHANGING ROOFS, DORMER WINDOWS, BALCONIES AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 1.5 METERS AND IT WORKS NOT LOWER THAN THE SECOND FLOOR; LIFTING DEVICES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT IS NOT MORE THAN 1 METER; STAIRWELLS, TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS, ROOF TERRACES, FENCES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT DOES NOT EXCEED 2 METERS AND ARE BUILT AT LEAST 2 METERS AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINE.OUNDS SPOT MARKED “UNDERPASS-1” SHOULD REMAIN UNDEVELOPED TO A HEIGHT OF 3 STOREYS. UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED. IT IS PERMITTED IN THIS PLAN INDICATED CONSTRUCTION AND / OR DESTINATION BOUNDARIES OR TO DEROGATE FROM MANDATORY FAÇADE LINE FOR: SIDEWALKS, FRONT STEPS, FOUNDATIONS, SKIRTING BOARDS, WINDOW FRAMES, DOWN PIPES FOR RAINWATER, WALL DECORATIONS, WALLS OF DUCTS, CHIMNEYS AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 0.2 METERS; WALL ACCENTS, WALL AND CORNICES, PILASTERS, OVERHANGING ROOFS, DORMER WINDOWS, BALCONIES AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 1.5 METERS AND IT WORKS NOT LOWER THAN THE SECOND FLOOR; LIFTING DEVICES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT IS NOT MORE THAN 1 METER; STAIRWELLS, TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS, ROOF TERRACES, FENCES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES, PROVIDED THAT THE CROSSING OF THE BUILDING HEIGHT DOES NOT EXCEED 2 METERS AND ARE BUILT AT LEAST 2 METERS AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINE.GROUNDS SPOT MARKED “UNDERPASS-1” SHOULD REMAIN UNDEVELOPED TO A HEIGHT OF 3 STOREYS. UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED.IT IS PERMITTED IN THIS PLAN INDICATED CONSTRUCTION AND / OR DESTINATION BOUNDARIES OR TO DEROGATE FROM MANDATORY FAÇADE LINE FOR: SIDEWALKS, FRONT STEPS, FOUNDATIONS, SKIRTING BOARDS, WINDOW FRAMES, DOWN PIPES FOR RAINWATER, WALL DECORATIONS, WALLS OF DUCTS, CHIMNEYS AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 0.2 METERS; WALL ACCENTS, WALL AND CORNICES, PILASTERS, OVERHANGING ROOFS, DORMER WINDOWS, BALCONIES AND SUCH PARTS OF BUILDINGS, PROVIDED THAT THE OVERRUN DOES NOT EXCEED 1.5 METERS AND IT WORKS NOAT LEAST 2 METERS AWAY FROM THE FRONT LINE.

inside the desginated buildings (do it yourself housing) are no rules, above and outside the builded area are still some regulations, which have to be followed. The choice of a “no restriction policy“ makes it possible to create a quick conversion of the area. This will speed up the process in which creative people and students can be accommodated in the first phasing of the project.

40

Ampèrestraat

James Wattstraat

Verhoogde Kromhoutstraat

Kapl

anst

raat

Dokw

eg

location perpsective and sections

Changed landscape characteristics 1:50.000

+10 meter N.A.P.

Current height level+5 meter N.A.P.

Primary w

ater defense line

6

24.65 10

3.65 66

1131

552.33.53.2556.312412 5 0.44

20

10

1210

3

Water levelkept at artificial

height

Landscape characteristics 1:50.000

Wooded dunes

Sandy dunes

Coastal line

Sea

On the top left we see a minimap which shows from where the different sections and perspectives were taken. The top right sections shows the cut through the new dyke at Kromhoutstraat including the cut through the building block which has an integral parking lot inside it. To make the innercourt transition smoothly the courtyard gradually decreases in height, this creates a playfull inner space.Underneath the previous mentioned section we see the transition from the new dyke body towards the newly created

dunescape. The view from this dyke body (Kromhoutstraat) on the dunescape can be seen from an eye height perspective which is shown below this section. The down right eyeheight perspective is at the current height of the James Wattstraat (looking west), from this point on the new dunescape can be seen in its full glory.Beneath this text on the left page we see the influence the movement of the primary water defense has on the ‘natural’ dutch landscape.

41

+10 meter N.A.P.


Primary w

ater defense line

3.252.752.75

24.6530 10

0.9 663

+10 meter N.A.P.


Primary w

ater defense line

6

24.65 10

3.65 66

1131

552.33.53.2556.312412 5 0.44

20

10

1210

3

42

Urbanism on Track

Rotte

rdam

| 20

12 At the beginning of May 2012, the Urbanism on Track course executed questionnaires and collected GPS-data about people moving through the city of Rotterdam. This was done among people that parked in four different garages in Rotterdam, namely Lijnbaan, Schouwburgplein, V&D and Westblaak.

This was done in order to get a better understanding of how people move through the city, where they stay, where they move, which routes and transport modes they take, et cetera. Based on this information the TU Delft and municipality of Rotterdam will have a better insight of which places in the city they should invest in.

43

Urbanism on Track

Points of all trips from Lijnbaan parking garage before cleaning in ArcGIS

Valid (green) and invalid (red) points of one trip from Lijnbaan parking garage after cleaning in ArcGIS

canals and river front, and by making a better connection to parts of the city that have a high potential to be used in the future, but are not used by the participants right now.

After the collecting we ended up with about 800.000 points in ArcGIS. We tried to manage this by filtering out all the invalid data. We used a number of criteria to filter out the invalid points.

After this process we, as a group made a further differentiation and added extra information to the data points. We looked at the data and basically decided if the points on our screen did belong to movement or if the dots belonged to a stay at a certain location. This process was made a lot easier when we became familiar with “Tracking Analyst” tool provided by ArcGIS. This made it a lot easier to determine what points are ‘move’, ‘stay’or noise.

Rotterdam is one of the four main cities of the Netherlands, located in the southern wing of the Randstad in the province South-Holland. The city is characterized by the reconstruction following the bombardment during the Second World War, and the location along the Meuse. Especially the last few years, the city has tried to improve its image by introducing a lot of new buildings and a whole new skyline in the city. The post-war reconstruction was mainly focused on cars, resulting in the subordinate position of the pedestrian in the city network.

The design proposal tries to improve the network for pedestrians by closing missing links, by making a better connection to the

44

To see which streets the people in general take to their destination all data of all the parking garages are present in the above map. This shows how the users of the parking facilities use the inner-city of Rotterdam. Later on in this report this data will be divided into other themes.

Some streets in the inner-city are underused, many peopledon’t or use these streets less while the functions are there. Stadshuisplein is a square with bars and restaurants that is not used often by the visitors. People walk from Korte Lijnbaan to Lijnbaan or vice versa and ignore the square. A part of the Karel Doormanstraat is used well but the part between Aert van Nesstraat and Weena not. Kruiskade, a side street of Karel Doormanstraat, is not used at all. Kruiskade connects Karel Doormanstraat with Coolsingel and can take a strong position between these streets. A part of Coolsingel, the crossing of Coolsingel with Koopgoot, is busy because of the underpass or some people cross Coolsingel on street level. People do not often use the sidewalks along this street. The Meent and Aert van Nesstraat - part between Lijnbaan and Rodezand - is not often used by the visitors. They maybe prefer to use Koopgoot to cross Coolsingel and use Rodezand to enter Meent or Lijnbaan. Via the Meent or Hoogstraat people enter the

Density map of all parking garagesSample size: 585/676

13

To see which streets the people in general take to their destination all data of all the parking garages are present in this theme. This shows how the users of the parking facilities use the inner-city of Rotterdam. Later on in this report this data will be divided into other themes.

Some streets in the inner-city are underused, many people don’t or use these streets less while the functions are there. Stadshuisplein is a square with bars and restaurants that is not used often by the visitors. People walk from Korte Lijnbaan to Lijnbaan or vice versa and ignore the square. A part of the Karel Doormanstraat is used well but the part between Aert van Nesstraat and Weena not. Kruiskade, a side street of Karel Doormanstraat, is not used at all. Kruiskade connects Karel Doormanstraat with Coolsingel and can take a strong position between these streets. A part of Coolsingel, the crossing of Coolsingel with Koopgoot, is busy because of the underpass or some people cross Coolsingel on street level. People do not often use the sidewalks along this street. The Meent and Aert van Nesstraat - part between Lijnbaan and Rodezand - is not often used by the visitors. They maybe prefer to use Koopgoot to cross Coolsingel and use Rodezand to enter Meent or Lijnbaan. Via the Meent or Hoogstraat people enter the Binnenrotte. This square is used on Tuesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday as a market place. Between the access routes to the Binnenrotte are the streets Oppert and Grotekerkplein. This streets are totally ignored by the people. The Grotekerkplein is a square which has the St. Laurenskerk situated. The Witte de Withstraat - situated near the BK parking garage - is used by a low amount of people.

The map shows that most of the people are using the Lijnbaan, Koopgoot and Binnenwegplein. These pedestrian streets are overused by people. The best situation should be that these streets are less crowded and the people are more spread out over the inner-city.

An area that is not used right now by the people who are visiting the inner-city of Rotterdam is the “backyard” of the city hall. This area is a potential area and can be a part of a circulation system of routes. In the existing situation routes do not meet the canals, some historical buildings like the city hall and Dudok, which are strong qualities. Density map of all parking garages.

Sample size: 585/676

ALL PARKING GARAGES

HIGH

LOWD E

N S

I T

Y

Binnenrotte. This square is used on Tuesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday as a market place. Between the access routes to the Binnenrotte are the streets Oppert and Grotekerkplein. This streets are totally ignored by the people. The Grotekerkplein is a square which has the St. Laurenskerk situated. The Witte de Withstraat - situated near the BK parking garage - is used by a low amount of people.

The map shows that most of the people are using the Lijnbaan, Koopgoot and Binnenwegplein. These pedestrian streets are overused by people. The best situation should be that these streets are less crowded and the people are more spread out over the inner-city.

An area that is not used right now by the people who are visiting the inner-city of Rotterdam is the “backyard” of the city hall. This area is a potential area and can be a part of a circulation system of routes. In the existing situation routes do not meet the canals, some historical buildings like the city hall and Dudok, which are strong qualities.

15

Underused streets

Overused streets

Potential place

100 250 500m

To solve this problem the general data of all parking garages where showed in one map. In this theme the parking garages are separated of each other to show the

People who are using parking garage BK are moving more to the north and east direction. Binnenwegplein, Lijnbaan, Koopgoot and Hoogstraat are the main used street. Westersingel is a strong border, when people use the Witte de Withstraat and Oude Binnenweg they do not walk further. These streets are only used by the users of this parking facility.

Users of the parking garage LB are staying close to the facility, it is very concentrated. Binnenwegplein, Lijnbaan and Koopgoot are the street who are most used by the users of this facility.

Westersingel and Binnenrotte are the borders for the people who are using the parking garage VD. They move west- and eastwards by using Koopgoot, Lijnbaan and the area behind the parking garage where Dudok is situated. Only users of this parking facility are going to the Binnenrotte compared to the other parking facilities.

Parking facility SP is used by people who walked furthest of their garage compared to the other parking facilities. The users move west- and eastwards with Westersingel as their main border. They even walked to Binnenrotte.

ALL PARKING GARAGES | CONCLUSION

45

Conclusion map

Before the above conclusion map was formed, first the single parking garages were looked at. People who are using parking garage Bijenkorf are moving more to the north and east direction. Binnenwegplein, Lijnbaan, Koopgoot and Hoogstraat are the main used street. Westersingel is a strong border, when people use the Witte de Withstraat and Oude Binnenweg they do not walk further. These streets are only used by the users of this parking facility.

Users of the parking garage Lijnbaan are staying close to the facility, it is very concentrated. Binnenwegplein, Lijnbaan and Koopgoot are the street who are most used by the users of this facility.

Westersingel and Binnenrotte are the borders for the people who are using the parking garage V&D. They move west- and eastwards by using Koopgoot, Lijnbaan and the area behind the parking garage where Dudok is situated. Only users of this parking facility are going to the Binnenrotte compared to the other parking facilities.

Parking facility Schouwburg plein is used by people who walked furthest of their garage compared to the other parking facilities. The users move west- and eastwards with Westersingel as their main border. They even walked to Binnenrotte.

15

Underused streets

Overused streets

Potential place

100 250 500m

To solve this problem the general data of all parking garages where showed in one map. In this theme the parking garages are separated of each other to show the

People who are using parking garage BK are moving more to the north and east direction. Binnenwegplein, Lijnbaan, Koopgoot and Hoogstraat are the main used street. Westersingel is a strong border, when people use the Witte de Withstraat and Oude Binnenweg they do not walk further. These streets are only used by the users of this parking facility.

Users of the parking garage LB are staying close to the facility, it is very concentrated. Binnenwegplein, Lijnbaan and Koopgoot are the street who are most used by the users of this facility.

Westersingel and Binnenrotte are the borders for the people who are using the parking garage VD. They move west- and eastwards by using Koopgoot, Lijnbaan and the area behind the parking garage where Dudok is situated. Only users of this parking facility are going to the Binnenrotte compared to the other parking facilities.

Parking facility SP is used by people who walked furthest of their garage compared to the other parking facilities. The users move west- and eastwards with Westersingel as their main border. They even walked to Binnenrotte.

ALL PARKING GARAGES | CONCLUSION

46

Places mentioned as bad environments by the participants

32

Lijnbaan62

Coolsingel15

Koopgoot21

Binnenrotte 11

Hoogstraat11

K. Doormanstr8

Kruiskade6

Station16

V Oldenbarneveldstr4

places that are negativelyjudged, but overused

frequencyhigh

medium

low

100 250 500m

Rotterdam, the participants of this research carried a GPS-device with them during their trip through the city. Afterwards

asked to indicate places on the map that they experienced as negative or positive. These results are shown on the two maps left and right.

To the left the map of the ‘bad’ places is shown. The Lijnbaan clearly stands out, being mentioned 62 times. This street therefore has a high potential to be improved, as is it oftenly used. Other streets that are mentioned as bad are the Koopgoot, Station area, Coolsingel, Hoogstraat, Binnenrotte, Karel Doormanstraat, Kruiskade and Van Oldenbarneveltstraat.

To the right the map of the ‘good’ places is shown. People that mentioned ‘city center’ or ‘shopping area’ were

‘Lijnbaan’ or ‘Koopgoot’ for example.Again, the Lijnbaan is oftenly mentioned, as are the Koopgoot and Meent. Other places that are potentially new routes because they are mentioned as good place, but not used very often yet, are the Stadhuisplein and Coolsingel area, and the Pannekoekstraat, Binnenrotte and the square in front of the St. Laurenschurch.

BAD PLACES FROM QUESTIONNAIRE

Places mentioned as bad environments by the participantsAfter finishing the their (GPS) trip through the city participants were asked to indicate places on the map that they experienced as negative or positive. These results are shown on the two maps left and right.

To the left the map of the ‘bad’ places is shown. The Lijnbaan clearly stands out, being mentioned 62 times. This street therefore has a high potential to be improved, as is it oftenly used. Other streets that are mentioned as bad are the Koopgoot, Station area, Coolsingel, Hoogstraat, Binnenrotte, Karel Doormanstraat, Kruiskade and Van Oldenbarneveltstraat.

On the right the map of the ‘good’ places is shown. People that mentioned ‘city center’ or ‘shopping area’ were not taken into account, only when they specifically said ‘Lijnbaan’ or ‘Koopgoot’ for example.

Again, the Lijnbaan is oftenly mentioned, as are the Koopgoot and Meent. Other places that are potentially new routes because they are mentioned as good place, but not used very often yet, are the Stadhuisplein and Coolsingel area, and the Pannekoekstraat, Binnenrotte and the square in front of the St. Laurenschurch.

33

places that are positivelyjudged, but underused

frequencyhigh

medium

low

Koopgoot67

Meent44

Lijnbaan78

Binnenrotte

Hoogstraat

K. Doormanstr

Kruiskade

V Oldenbarneveldstr

Coolsingel

Stadhuis

Pannekoekstraat

Boompjes

Maritime Museum

Binnenwegplein

Oude Binnenweg

Schouwburgpl

Bijenkorf

100 250 500m

Places mentioned as good environments by the participants

GOOD PLACES FROM QUESTIONNAIRE

47

33

places that are positivelyjudged, but underused

frequencyhigh

medium

low

Koopgoot67

Meent44

Lijnbaan78

Binnenrotte

Hoogstraat

K. Doormanstr

Kruiskade

V Oldenbarneveldstr

Coolsingel

Stadhuis

Pannekoekstraat

Boompjes

Maritime Museum

Binnenwegplein

Oude Binnenweg

Schouwburgpl

Bijenkorf

100 250 500m

Places mentioned as good environments by the participants

GOOD PLACES FROM QUESTIONNAIRE

48

To optimize the situation I first had a question I had to answer. “On what points is the municipality of Rotterdam neglecting the pedestrian movement in the inner-city?” My conclusions are that it is almost impossible to cross the streets, for instance it takes an average of 1 minutes and 48 seconds to cross the Coolsingel. On eye level I think there is no clear distinction of the routes. The difference in street furniture makes it chaotic and lacks coherence. In my opinion traffic lights are one of the most hated objects in street design (after the speedcam off course). The last thing I want to put in here, that it looks like the city of Rotterdam just doesn’t seem to want a consistent pavement for the inner-city.

Crossing of Aert van Nessstraat – Coolsingel - Meent The Aert van Nesstraat is an underused street if we look at the GPS research from our theme per-spective. It definitely is a missing link in the routing network if we look in our own research. Also in the questionary this particular crossing is named as an awful place if you want to go from one side of the Coolsingel to the other. To solve this problem I first had to think about what is actually wrong with it from a pedestrian perspective. When I looked at the current situation a couple of things reached my eye. First of all the street is pretty chaotic with cars travelling in different directions and trying to get on or over the Coolsingel, The curb isn’t that wide and the different

materials on the ground aren’t coherent. The Coolsingel is a big barrier if you’re a pedestrian and you want to cross the street. It is such a big barrier that almost none of the people involved in the research did cross it from the Aert van Nesstraat towards the Meent. They almost always used the Koopgoot to get to the other side.

Peace and unityTo create peace and unity (Bosch, Bobbink & Veenenbos, 2011) I made a decision to do a refurbishment of the pavement. Basically all the pavement is in the same style and form, But there is some variation in coloring to have a kind of informal way to keep pedestrian and cyclist separated. The aim is to keep the pavements which pedestrians cross all on the sameheight. In my visualizations I did put in some lampposts they are also chosen from a unity standpoint.

49A’ - AA’ B’ - BB’

50

Hoek

sche

Waa

rd |

200

8

During the EO Wijers competition (2008), BVR teamed up with Lola Landscape Architects. Because most of the other members of the group where professionals for quite some time, my task in the whole process was more of an supporting role.

In IJsselmonde the biggest challenges are in the field of spatial structure and infrastructure. The island offers IJsselmonde opportunities for solving some of the water problems. Central element in the regional design is the development of a metropolitan park, the ‘Overhoeksche Waard’, located in

the middle of the island IJsselmonde. The Metropolitan Park ‘Overhoeksche Waard’ is a strategic intervention that combines a number of key interventions at the local and regional scale. Coherence between different interventions at different levels makes it possible to stack values. The ‘Overhoeksche Waard’ is more than a recreational facility for the region. It is a catalyst intervention in the economic structure, the water structure and infrastructure, which cater to a new positioning of existing residential areas.

Overhoeksche Waard

51

Overhoeksche Waard

52

I

2 WaterRivierstromen en getij ontmoeten elkaar bij de Zuid-Hollandse eilanden. Dankzij een systeem van teruggelegde deltadijken, compartimenten en Vlechtdijken is eiland IJsselmonde in staat de waterdruk van de regio op zich te nemen. In de compartimenten wordt zoetwater opgeslagen als buffer tegen de oprukkende verzilting en de vlechtdijken bieden ruimte aan gemengde woonwerkmilieus en een vitaal wegennetwerk.

6 OntspanningDe vraag naar recreatieruimte in de Deltapoort is ongekend groot. De Overhoeksche Waard biedt de stedeling geen zielloze bufferbossen maar een gevarieerd dijkenlandschap en een Centraal Park , met grensoverschrijdende grootsheid in allure en beleving. Deze gebieden zijn optimaal verbonden met elkaar, de stad en de grote landschappen.

4 LandschapDoor explosieve verstedelijking is het agrarische gebied op het eiland gedecimeerd. Het overgebleven buitengebied wordt niet gezien als de rafelrand van de stad, maar als voorportaal van het open zeekleilandschap: de Overhoeksche Waard . Door de inrichting als overloopgebied wordt de openheid gegarandeerd.

5 Wonen en werkenIn de 20e eeuw is eiland IJsselmonde uitgegroeid tot een lappendeken van gescheiden woon- en werkgebieden. In deze suburbane deken wordt het netwerk van dijken en werven ontwikkeld tot levendig stad-slandschap, met ruimte voor eigen initiatief. Hier is wonen, werken en recreëren op een fijnmazige manier vervlochten.

1. EconomieDe westwaarts trekkende Mainport laat ruimte voor nieuwe economische ontwikkeling: maak van de Deltapoort het facilitair bedrijf van de Rand-stad. Dit sluit aan op het gemiddelde opleidingsniveau van de regionale populatie. De doedokken aan de rivier bieden ruimte en vrijheid om de regio te laten uitgroeien tot een broedplaats van kleine wereldleiders.

3 InfrastructuurGrootschalige infrastructuur is het eiland ontgroeid, waardoor men hier vooral de lasten, maar niet de lusten ervaart. Deze ontwikkeling wordt gekeerd door zowel de capaciteit van het netwerk te vergroten, als versnijding tegen te gaan en de aansluiting op het netwerk te vergroten. Dankzij verdubbeling van de bundel A15-A16 is het mogelijk de Hoek-sche Waard open te houden. De Schakelaar , waar haven, tram, snelweg en regionale route bij elkaar komen, sluit de regio beter aan op het inter-nationaal netwerk.

53

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2 WaterRivierstromen en getij ontmoeten elkaar bij de Zuid-Hollandse eilanden. Dankzij een systeem van teruggelegde deltadijken, compartimenten en Vlechtdijken is eiland IJsselmonde in staat de waterdruk van de regio op zich te nemen. In de compartimenten wordt zoetwater opgeslagen als buffer tegen de oprukkende verzilting en de vlechtdijken bieden ruimte aan gemengde woonwerkmilieus en een vitaal wegennetwerk.

6 OntspanningDe vraag naar recreatieruimte in de Deltapoort is ongekend groot. De Overhoeksche Waard biedt de stedeling geen zielloze bufferbossen maar een gevarieerd dijkenlandschap en een Centraal Park , met grensoverschrijdende grootsheid in allure en beleving. Deze gebieden zijn optimaal verbonden met elkaar, de stad en de grote landschappen.

4 LandschapDoor explosieve verstedelijking is het agrarische gebied op het eiland gedecimeerd. Het overgebleven buitengebied wordt niet gezien als de rafelrand van de stad, maar als voorportaal van het open zeekleilandschap: de Overhoeksche Waard . Door de inrichting als overloopgebied wordt de openheid gegarandeerd.

5 Wonen en werkenIn de 20e eeuw is eiland IJsselmonde uitgegroeid tot een lappendeken van gescheiden woon- en werkgebieden. In deze suburbane deken wordt het netwerk van dijken en werven ontwikkeld tot levendig stad-slandschap, met ruimte voor eigen initiatief. Hier is wonen, werken en recreëren op een fijnmazige manier vervlochten.

1. EconomieDe westwaarts trekkende Mainport laat ruimte voor nieuwe economische ontwikkeling: maak van de Deltapoort het facilitair bedrijf van de Rand-stad. Dit sluit aan op het gemiddelde opleidingsniveau van de regionale populatie. De doedokken aan de rivier bieden ruimte en vrijheid om de regio te laten uitgroeien tot een broedplaats van kleine wereldleiders.

3 InfrastructuurGrootschalige infrastructuur is het eiland ontgroeid, waardoor men hier vooral de lasten, maar niet de lusten ervaart. Deze ontwikkeling wordt gekeerd door zowel de capaciteit van het netwerk te vergroten, als versnijding tegen te gaan en de aansluiting op het netwerk te vergroten. Dankzij verdubbeling van de bundel A15-A16 is het mogelijk de Hoek-sche Waard open te houden. De Schakelaar , waar haven, tram, snelweg en regionale route bij elkaar komen, sluit de regio beter aan op het inter-nationaal netwerk.

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Portfolio Arjan Dekkers Jan-2015