Upload
irma-stafford
View
227
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
““African-American”African-American”vs. “European American”vs. “European American”
TRUE / FALSE:TRUE / FALSE:People of European descent rarely call
her / himself a “European American.”
• African-AmericanAfrican-American• Asian-AmericanAsian-American• Native AmericanNative American• LatinoLatino
NotNotSpecific!Specific!
But why?But why?• Unknown origin?Unknown origin?
• Place doesn’t exist anymore?Place doesn’t exist anymore?
• Lost / No documentation?Lost / No documentation?
• Not important?Not important?
• Not sure where that place is?Not sure where that place is?
• Geographic bias?Geographic bias?
“Polish” Immigration (1900-1930) (1900-1930)
Most Poles cameMost Poles cameto US to US whenwhen Poland Polandwas not a country!was not a country!
??
19001900 TodayToday
17951795 prior to 1917prior to 1917 TodayToday
Geographic Perspective:Geographic Perspective:Geographic BiasGeographic Bias
People who were in charge of reporting / documenting / transferring the specific information (European-Americans) where not from / not as familiar with these specific places, so they only passed on general information to others who were equally unfamiliar
Eurocentric PerspectiveEurocentric Perspective• “American history” = European Legacy
• Words of the literate and educated
• Decision makers / people in control in past– Land / Slave owners / traders – Immigration workers (i.e. Ellis Island)– Politicians and Business Owners
• More extreme in past, but still true / legacy lives on today! So be aware: sources, information, laws, systems, etc.
Let’s be “G.C.!”Let’s be “G.C.!”
““Yoruban-American”Yoruban-American”““Dyula-American”Dyula-American”““Kongoan-American”Kongoan-American”
-OR--OR-““Cameroonian-American”Cameroonian-American”““Gambian-American”Gambian-American”““Liberian-American”Liberian-American”
““RACE?”RACE?”ArtificialArtificial classification based on physical
features, such as skin color, nose shape or other perceived physical characteristics.
• Not natural (genetic or scientific) differences• Socially created categories• Often used to define classes, rights, and power• Often used in colonialism, slavery, land ownership,
etc.Yet race has shaped identities:
how people are viewed and view themselves
Not a “culture” necessarily
Migration BasicsMigration Basics• Emigration (from) or Immigration (to)Emigration (from) or Immigration (to)
• Voluntary or Involuntary (forced)Voluntary or Involuntary (forced)
• InternationalInternational (between countries) or (between countries) or InternalInternal (within the same country) (within the same country)
• Documented or UndocumentedDocumented or Undocumented
• Sending vs. Receiving countriesSending vs. Receiving countries
• Generally goes from “Poor to Rich”Generally goes from “Poor to Rich”
““Push”Push” FactorsFactors• Violence (war or high crime)Violence (war or high crime)
• Relatively poor economy / perceived Relatively poor economy / perceived lack of opportunitylack of opportunity
• Ethnic or religious persecutionEthnic or religious persecution
• Degraded resources or less favorable Degraded resources or less favorable climate and/or conditionsclimate and/or conditions
““Pull”Pull” factors factors• Peace / SecurityPeace / Security
• Economic opportunities / good servicesEconomic opportunities / good services
• Freedom of expressionFreedom of expression
• Better sense of place or climate / Better sense of place or climate / natural conditionsnatural conditions
Intervening ObstaclesIntervening Obstacles• Restrictions on immigrationRestrictions on immigration
– LegalLegal– PhysicalPhysical
• Bias against immigrantsBias against immigrants• Distance and lack of moneyDistance and lack of money• Cultural unfamiliarityCultural unfamiliarity
– LanguageLanguage– CustomsCustoms– LawsLaws
• Geographic unfamiliarityGeographic unfamiliarity
Chain Migration
• Family/friends write home, invite and assist new immigrants
• Family reunifications
• “Secondary migration” to new home in adopted country
““Guest Workers”Guest Workers”
• Temporary legal employment / migration
• Perform jobs locals don’t want to do / can’t fill
• Remittances:Remittances: Send money home
• Kids become citizens? Born in U.S.A.
Turks in Germany, 1980s
Mexican“braceros”in U.S., 1950s
Eastern Europeans: Eastern Europeans: Wisconsin Dells—TODAY!Wisconsin Dells—TODAY!
The Train of Death
“La Bestia”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7UZk6Hg-Xo
Thousands Of Foreign Students Come To the Dells For Workhttp://www.nbc15.com/news/headlines/Thousands_Of_Foreign_Students_Come_To_the_Dells_For_Work_152761845.html | May 22, 2012 | WMTV Madison, WI
The unofficial start to summer in the Dells area means over 2.9 million tourists, with their cash, are on the way. It's creating a lot of job openings and they're being filled by foreign students.Jeff Kaminski with Chula Vista Resort says, "There's just not enough folks around the area." With a peak season of 3 months, foreign students on their university breaks are brought in to fill the gaps.J-1 International Student Consortium Chairperson Stacie Tollaksen says, "Part of the regulations is that they're not taking jobs away from Americans, so they really do need to be in seasonal temporary positions."Every year about 3,000 students from countries all over the world come to the Dells area to work. Student Nova Camille is from the Philippines. She says, "It opens up doors to my future. It's a very good opportunity."Mt. Olympus HR director Carrie Rohrer [also] says, "If we didn't have the internationals working for us the Dells would probably close down in August." Camille [adds], "Working here is a very big deal for our country." It's also a very big deal to a community of people who say they need them. A lot of the students end up being placed in summer jobs that fit their field of study, everything from public relations to food service.
““Brain Drain”Brain Drain”
• EducatedEducated, skilledskilled migrate for better jobsmigrate for better jobs
• Wealthy, educated Wealthy, educated (core) country gains(core) country gains
• Poor country (periphery) Poor country (periphery) loses skilled peopleloses skilled people
REFUGEES(involuntary)
• Flee war, persecution, destruction– International or internal (“IDP’s”)(“IDP’s”)
• Many move to temporary camps or locations
• Apply for “asylum” (safe haven)
DiasporaDiasporaA group widely scattered due to large-scale out migration
Jewish DiasporaJewish DiasporaAfrican Diaspora
““Midwest Diaspora?”Midwest Diaspora?”
Internal / Involuntary:Internal / Involuntary:Indian Removal eastIndian Removal eastof Mississippi Riverof Mississippi River
““Trail of Tears”Trail of Tears”1838-391838-39
Quota System*• Immigration Policy to manage / limit immigration by:
- Region (hemisphere)- Country (i.e. Sudan, Somalia, Iraq, El Salvador, others)- Type of Immigrant (educated, wealthy, refugee, etc.)
LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONSLIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS• <675,000 immigrants / year
• EXCEPTIONS:- 140,000: for needed job skills- Sanctuary: for certain refugees- Exemption: >$1,000,000
* Rules are NOT the same for every country
AsiaAsia
CaribbeanCaribbean
AfricaAfrica
MexicoMexico
EuropeEurope
Lat AmLat Am
• Are immigrants good or Are immigrants good or bad for the U.S.?bad for the U.S.?
• We should be done with We should be done with the illegals: the illegals: – Legalized? Legalized? – Jailed?Jailed?– Deported?Deported?
• Can we stop them from Can we stop them from entering into the U.S.? entering into the U.S.? – ““The Wall” (700 mi!)The Wall” (700 mi!)
• Security risks-OTMs?Security risks-OTMs?• Guest-worker programs?Guest-worker programs?
The Immigration DebateThe Immigration Debate
Anti-immigrantmovements
Riot againstChinese in
Denver, 1880
Signs againstSigns againstJapanese inJapanese in
California, 1930sCalifornia, 1930s
Immigration Raids Hurting Farmers By Moira Herbst Oct 26, 2007 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21491778/A climate of fear is spreading among undocumented immigrant workers. As rows of cabbage and winter squash stand ready for harvest on her 11,000 acre farm, [Maureen Torrey, an 11th-generation farmer in the rural town of Elba, N.Y.,] can't find enough workers to bring in the crops. The problem, she says, is fear. [Her farm] has been raided twice since last October, when she says immigration officials kicked in the doors of workers' housing and apprehended 34.
In August, the Homeland Security Dept. announced that employers would be required to terminate workers who fail to produce valid Social Security numbers. An estimated 3/4 of agricultural workers in the U.S. are undocumented, and growers are starting to feel the paralyzing effects of losing their workforce. They say that unless the government implements workable reforms, the future of the U.S. as a food-producing nation is in jeopardy.
Agriculture does not play the role it once did in the U.S. economy. In 1900, 41% of the U.S. population was employed in agriculture, while that number now stands at less than 2%. Farmers hire workers for about 3,000,000 agricultural jobs each year, but only 1/4 of that workforce is legally authorized. Farm advocates say that immigrant workers are allowing U.S. farmers to compete in a fierce global marketplace, and that losing the workforce means losing domestic sources of food. "The choice is simple: Do we want to import workers or import food?" says Craig Regelbrugge, co-chair of the Agriculture Coalition for Immigration Reform. "What's at stake here is not prices, but food safety," he says. Torrey and other farmers agree. "We need to wake up to the realities of food safety and security issues," says Torrey. "A country not in control of its food supply is a weak nation."
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18132087/
US Ethnicities (2010): US Ethnicities (2010): Port of EntryPort of Entry
African-Americans
Asian-Americans
Latinos “European”Americans
U.S. Internal Migration• 1/9 Americans move every year: used to be
higher (1/5)• Rural to Urban / Urban to Suburban• North to South (“Rustbelt to Sunbelt”)• Fastest growing cities:
– Raleigh-Durham, NC– Austin, TX– Salt Lake City, UT– San Antonio, TX– Oklahoma City, OK
Indian Land Cessions and RemovalsIndian Land Cessions and Removals• Land Cessions: 1829-42Land Cessions: 1829-42• Removals: 1830-1870Removals: 1830-1870• Reflective of other land Reflective of other land
cessions by tribes and cessions by tribes and other removal efforts by other removal efforts by the U.S. Governmentthe U.S. Government
“Trail ofTears”1838-39
German ImmigrationGerman Immigration• Largest immigrant group in United StatesLargest immigrant group in United States• Much influence on our language, lifestyle todayMuch influence on our language, lifestyle today
- kindergarten,- kindergarten, mann, haus mann, haus - Holstein Cows- Holstein Cows- bratwurst, beer,- bratwurst, beer, cheesecheese- Catholics and Lutherans- Catholics and Lutherans
• Pennsylvania “Dutch” = Amish Pennsylvania “Dutch” = Amish • Famous German Immigrants:Famous German Immigrants:
- Adolph Augustus Busch, Joseph Schlitz, - Adolph Augustus Busch, Joseph Schlitz, Henry John Heinz, Barney Kroger, Henry Henry John Heinz, Barney Kroger, Henry Steinweg, Albert EinsteinSteinweg, Albert Einstein
IrishIrish Immigration Immigration(1846-1890)(1846-1890)
PercentPercent
• 1845-6 Irish1845-6 Irish Potato FaminePotato Famine
• Largest GroupLargest Group until Germansuntil Germans
• Now 2Now 2ndnd largest largest group in WI (11%)group in WI (11%)
1.8 – 7.51.8 – 7.57.6 – 9.77.6 – 9.79.8 – 11.99.8 – 11.912.0 – 13.812.0 – 13.813.8 and up13.8 and up
““Polish” ImmigrationPolish” Immigration(1900-1930)(1900-1930)
0.7 – 3.90.7 – 3.94.3 – 7.74.3 – 7.78.3 – 12.08.3 – 12.012.6 – 19.912.6 – 19.933.1 and up33.1 and up
PercentPercentPolonia, WIPolonia, WI
Polish ImmigrationPolish Immigration• 9.3% 9.3% of Wisconsinites of Wisconsinites
are of Polish descent are of Polish descent (highest % of any (highest % of any state in the U.S.)state in the U.S.)
• WI has the WI has the 66thth highesthighest Polish-descent Polish-descent population (Illinois #2)population (Illinois #2)
• Chicago is “2nd Chicago is “2nd Largest Polish city in Largest Polish city in the World” (Warsaw)the World” (Warsaw)
Poles in Poles in “Rust Belt”“Rust Belt”
Nearly Nearly halfhalf of all of allScandinavian-Scandinavian-AmericansAmericanslive in Upper Midwest live in Upper Midwest (MN, WI, ND, SD, IA)(MN, WI, ND, SD, IA)
LutefiskLutefisk
LindberghLindbergh
Scandinavia?Scandinavia?
ScandinaviansScandinavians(1870-1920)
African-Americans in Wisconsin
Urban AreasUrban Areas FreedomFreedom + Industry+ Industry = Opportunity= Opportunity
African Americansmoved from Southto North to work
in industry
The Great MigrationThe Great Migration(1914-1950)(1914-1950)
Urban AND RuralUrban AND Rural• Originally ruralOriginally rural• MechanizationMechanization• Now seek urbanNow seek urban
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12856106
Mexican-AmericanMexican-Americanmigrant workermigrant workerroutes, 1970sroutes, 1970s
Latinos(Hispanics)Mexicans, Puerto Ricans,
other Latin Americans
Latino Population Change in Wisconsin by County
http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/Wisconsin_2010_census_data_set_to_be_released_117737728.html
Asian ArrivalsAsian ArrivalsHmong, Laotians,Hmong, Laotians,
Vietnamese, Chinese,Vietnamese, Chinese,Indians, Koreans,Indians, Koreans,
Filipinos, etc.Filipinos, etc.
Hmong tribal regionHmong tribal regionin Laos (yellow)in Laos (yellow)
Hmong veteransHmong veteransof Vietnam Warof Vietnam War
NuyoNuyoricansricans• New Yorkers of Puerto Rican descentNew Yorkers of Puerto Rican descent• Born in New YorkBorn in New York• Parents born in Puerto RicoParents born in Puerto Rico• Often raised in Spanish speaking Often raised in Spanish speaking
environment, but may only speak environment, but may only speak “Spanglish” (not English)“Spanglish” (not English)
• Are they New Yorkers? Puerto Are they New Yorkers? Puerto Ricans? Neither? Both?Ricans? Neither? Both?
Cultural Identity?• “Melting Pot:” Me Belgian Polish Dutch Norwegian German Irish
11/32 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/16 1/32
• “Melting Pot:” My WifeSwedish German Irish Scottish 1/2 3/8 1/16 1/16
• “Melting Pot:” Theoretical Offspring =
Mutt.
Immigrant History “Fading Away”Immigrant History “Fading Away”• Is this good? bad? Is this good? bad? • Less cultural historical identity? Less cultural historical identity? • Less racism and prejudice? More Less racism and prejudice? More
anti-immigration sentiments?anti-immigration sentiments?
• What about YOU? • Should the geography of your
ancestry even matter? Will it matter to your kids?