Population Population GeographyGeography

World POPClock Projection

Demography:Demography: the statistical study of human

populations

What does zero population growth mean? What was going on in Singapore since WW II?

How many brothers and sisters do you have? What is the income of your family?

Population Geography:Population Geography: number, composition, & distribution of human beings

Prehistoric time (5,000 years bp) … about 5,000,000

persons Last year … 5,974,000,000 persons Today … 7.1 billion!

Oldest known stone tools in Africa (2,400,000 years bp)Earliest known use of fire (1,600,000 ybp) Homo sapiens sapiens inhabit Africa (200,000 ybp) Humans migrate out of Africa (100,000 ybp)Last ice age begins to recede (15,000 ybp) Farming begins (10,000 ybp)First Mesopotamian cities erected (5,000 ybp)

How much is a billion??? What caused the increase? What is the present situation? What does the future hold? Can the Earth support many more people?

A. History of Human A. History of Human Population Population

Basic components of population change: inputs &

outputs Inputs add to the system…outputs subtract

Types of inputs and outputs:Types of inputs and outputs:

Fertility: birth rates Mortality: death rates Net Migration:

immigration (migration in) minus emigration (out)

B. B. ““The Population The Population SystemSystem””

Birth rate is calculated by live births per

1,000 persons.

Less than 20 per thousand is a low birth rate

What is the highest? … Niger with 50:1,000

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN/countries?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc

C. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Crude Birth Rates

TFR (total fertility rate)TFR (total fertility rate): : average number of live births per 1,000 women of child-bearing age

* Rate of 2.1 is required just to REPLACE the present population to have ZPGZPG (zero population growth)

* Developed counties: TFR of 1.6 or lessDeveloping countries: TFR of 3.6

D. Fertility Rates D. Fertility Rates (TFR)(TFR)

Total Fertility Rates:Total Fertility Rates:http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/Shttp://data.worldbank.org/indicator/S

P.DYN.TFRT.IN/countries P.DYN.TFRT.IN/countries

World population increase has been a result of declining death rates, NOT increasing birth rates.