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7/25/2019 Policy Cycle - Stewart Et Al 2008
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Policy Cycle
Public Policy: An evolutionaryApproach
Stewart, Hedge & Lester (2!"
7/25/2019 Policy Cycle - Stewart Et Al 2008
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What does mean PublicPolicy?
#ho$as % 'ye, or e)a$ple, de*nes publicpolicy as ++what governments do, whythey do it, and what diference it
makes
Harold Lasswell de*nes public policy as ++aprojected program o goals, values,and practices
-a$es Anderson de*nes the ter$ as ++apurposive course o action ollowed byan actor or set o actors in dealingwith a problem or matter o concern
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What does mean PolicyAnalysis?
#ho$as 'ye de*nes policy analysis asthe description and eplanation othe causes and conse!uences o
government activity" .)planation rather than prescription
Analysts should atte$pt to develop and
test general propositions about the causesand conse/uences o public policy and toaccu$ulate reliable research *ndings ogeneral relevance
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What does mean PolicyAnalysis?
0rover Starling: 1policy analysisshould be an interdisciplinary efort
to acilitate the reaching o soundpolicy decisions
3ei$er and 4ining (day5to5day notion"##policy analysis is client$oriented
advice relevant to public decisionsand inormed by social values"
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Purpose o Policy Analysis(67 ) 76%"
#he result is two 8inds o policy analysis
SC9.#979C: Produces 8nowledge othepolicy process
P%AC#9CAL: Produces 8nowledge orthepolicy process
%cienti&c
Practical
Dye Weimer &Vining
Starling
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Purpose o Policy Analysis
Producing research that policy $a8erscan use to assess and i$prove publicpolicies
Process o governing (policy $a8ing ori$ple$entation, or e)a$ple" unolds
Purpose o Policy Analysis
Producing 'esearch
Social scientistsPolitical scientists
Sociologists and .cono$ists
Process o (overning
Ad$inistrators andLegislators
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Purpose o Policy Analysis
.valuation and conclusion o change orter$ination
Public policies are always sub;ect to change on thebasis o new (or better" inor$ation about theire
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#ypes o Public Policies=
'istributive %edistributive
%egulatory Policies
Liberal (Social Changes"
Conservative (>eep Status Quo"
= (Lowi, ?@B"
>eep status
quo
Social
changes
Conservative Liberal
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#ypes o Public Policies=
Substantive and aterial Public Service 'elivery and 3or8s
(Highways"
Procedural and Sy$bolic Legislations
0uidelines and Principles
Collective ) Private
= (Lowi, ?@B"
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Cycle o Public Policies
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Cycle o Public Policy
Agenda Setting
Policy 7or$ulation
Policy 9$ple$entation Policy .valuation
Policy Change
Policy #er$ination
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Agenda Setting
-ohn >ingdon ++the list o subjects orproblems to which governmento2cials that are paying some seriousattention at any given time
1a set o political controversies that will beviewed as alling within the range olegiti$ate concerns $eriting the attentiono the polity, and it included both++syste$ic agendas and ++institutionalagendas
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Agenda Setting
#hree Strea$s o Agenda Setting: Proble$ Strea$
Proble$ de*nition
Public attention
Policy Strea$#echnical 7easibility o 3or8
Public Acceptance
Political Strea$
ational $ood
Public opinion
.lectoral politics
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Policy 7or$ulation
%esult o a $ultiple nu$ber o orcesthat a
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Policy 9$ple$entation
ost i$portant part o the Policy Cycle Law $ust be translated into speci*c guidelines 'escribed as a:
Process
6utput 6utco$e
'e*ned as 1a series o governmental decisionsand actions directed toward putting analready decided mandate into efect
Progra$$atic goals are pursued to addressoutco$es or changes in the larger societal proble$that the progra$ is intended to rectiy (eg, havecri$e rates been reducedE"
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Policy .valuation
Concerned with the actual i$pacts olegislation or the e)tent to which thepolicy actually achieves its intended
results
Does increasing the level of per pupil
educational expenditures bring aboutan increase in student performance orlearning?
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Policy Change
Absorbs several stages o the policycycle, including policy or$ulation,policy i$ple$entation, policy
evaluation, and policy ter$ination
.valuate ater ? decade (longperiod"
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Policy #er$ination
Several $eanings:
Agency #er$ination
Policy %edirection
Pro;ect .li$ination
Partial .li$ination
7iscal %etrench$ent
4ia Fig Fang or Long whi$per
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#he .volution o PolicyStudies
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#ensions on the Sub57ield=
(?" policy studies are a ad that will eventuallywither awayG
(2" policy studies are too practical or tootheoreticalG
(" policy studies are too $ultidisciplinary or toonarrowly ocused on political scienceG
(B" policy studies are too /uantitative or toononscienti*c in $ethodG
(I" policy studies are too little used or over utiliJedG
(" policy studies are too liberal or tooconservative
= Stuart
agel