POKRETANJE TURIZMA NA LOπINJU

AMBROZ HARAËIÊ& TOURISM IN LOπINJ

POKRETANJE TURIZMA NA LOπINJU

impressumPROJEKT: Njegovanje tradicije, istraæivanje i prezentiranje

zaviËajne povijesti Malog LoπinjaPROJECT: Mali Loπinj: A Study of History and Tradition

Nakladnik: Srednja πkola Ambroza HaraËiÊa Mali LoπinjPublisher: Ambroz HaraËiÊ High School Mali Loπinj

Za nakladnika / For the Publisher: Tomislav GospodnetiÊ, prof.Urednica / Editor: Lidija Kosmos, prof.

Projekt je zapoËeo 2005. godine u prigodi obiljeæavanja 150. godiπnjice osnutkaPomorske πkole u Malom Loπinju i 150. godiπnjice

roenja profesora Ambroza HaraËiÊaThe project started in 2005 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of thefounding of the Nautical School in Mali Loπinj and the birth of Ambroz HaraËiÊ's.

U projektu su sudjelovali Mladi povjesniËari Srednje πkole Ambroza HaraËiÊaHigh School Young Historian Group members who took part in the project:Leona FuËek-Desanti, Matea ViduliÊ, Fran Kuπeta, Manuela Kajkara, Anton

BudiniÊ, Marin SoftiÊ, Mihaela Kobale

Voditeljica projekta / Project Manager: Lidija Kosmos, prof.Autori teksta / Text: Lidija Kosmos, prof., Matea ViduliÊ

Lektor / Editor: Kata MarkoviÊ, prof.Prijevod na engleski / Translation: Julija ©uput, prof.

Projekt financirali:Grad Mali Loπinj, Primorsko-goranska æupanija

TuristiËka zajednica grada Malog Loπinja, Jadranka hoteli d.o.o.Ljekarna Snjeæana Muπkardin Mali Loπinj, Rotary club Mali Loπinj

The Project was made possible through grants provided by:The City of Mali Loπinj, Primorje-Gorski Kotar CountyMali Loπinj Tourism Agency, Jadranka Hotels d.o.o.

Pharmacy Snjeæana Muπkardin Mali Loπinj, Rotary club Mali Loπinj

School Year©kolska godina: 2009. / 2010.

TOTAL DESIGN by EGOIST ARTZ & PARTZ™PRODUCER & ART DIRECTOR : MAJA BRISKI [ MajaBriski@gmail.com ]

COMPUTER MANIPULATOR & PHOTOGRAPHER : ZANETO PAULIN [ Zaneto@gmail.com ]TISAK : LABINSKA TISKARA [ labinska-tiskara@pu.t-com.hr ]

NAKLADA : 500 PRIMJERAKA

POËECI TURIZMA U EUROPII NA ISTOËNOM JADRANU

Vratimo se na poËetak 19.stoljeÊa, u vrijeme razvojagraanstva. LijeËnici bolesnicimapreporuËuju oporavak u nekom odprimorskih mjesta talijanske ifrancuske rivijere. Odlaskom u taprva turistiËka podruËja Europe,bolesnici postaju prvim turistima.

Godina je 1815., BeËki kongresnetom je zavrπio. Meu bitnim ivelikim dijelovima Europe koje jedobila Austro-ugarska monarhija,nalazi se jadranska obala i jedanotok, otok Loπinj. TuristiËkipotencijal, koji je ubrzo prepoznat,pokrenuo je razvoj gospodarstva,urbanizacije i tehnologije. Za naπekrajeve presudna je bila izgradnjaæeljezniËke pruge od BeËa do Trsta,zatim pruga Zagreb-Karlovac-Rijeka, te æeljezniËki spoj DivaËa-Pula. Pedesetih godina 19. stoljeÊaaustrijski Lloyd uspostavljaredovnu parobrodarsku linijuizmeu Trsta i Kotora preko MalogLoπinja, a osamdesetih gapovezuje s Rijekom i Pulom.

Prve stranice u povijestiturizma ispisala je Opatijainicijativom da se uredi kaoklimatsko ljeËiliπte i gradnjomprvog hotela 1884. godine. Uskorosu se poËela turistiËki razvijati idruga mjesta u njezinoj blizini.

LOπINJ POSTAJE PRVI TURISTIËKIOTOK NA JADRANU

Loπinj se u to vrijeme nalaziona pravcu redovnih linija izmeuTrsta i juga Jadrana, ali pomorstvoLoπinja zahvaÊa kriza.Jedrenjaci propadaju zbograzvijenijih parobroda, no zato sevelike i lijepe vile, kuÊe iljetnikovci bogatih loπinjskih

Ambroz HaraËiÊi pokretanje turizma na Loπinju

kapetana i brodovlasnika,preureuju i postaju mjesta zasmjeπtaj prvih gostiju. Loπinj jeispunio sve uvjete prvogturistiËkog otoka na Jadranu. Osimtoga, zahvaljujuÊi prof. AmbrozuHaraËiÊu, veÊ su poznatimeteoroloπki podaci o povoljnojklimi i vegetaciji. Brojni austrijskiËasopisi objavljuju rezultatenjegovih petogodiπnjihmeteoroloπkih mjerenja.

HaraËiÊeva saznanja privuklasu dr. Conrada Clara koji je 21.sijeËnja 1885. godine posjetioLoπinj sa svojim sinom. DjeËak jebolovao od bolesti grla, a nakonsamo tri tjedna kuÊi se vratiopotpuno zdrav. Njegov brz iuspjeπan oporavak bio je prviuspjeh klimatskog lijeËenja najednom otoku sjeveroistoËnogJadrana.

Potom slijedi dolazak jednogod najuspjeπnijih austrijskihbalenologa, dr. LeopoldaSchrötera, profesora BeËkogmedicinskog fakulteta, specijalistaza bolesti pluÊa i grla.Schrötterovim zalaganjem Opatijaje proglaπena zimskim klimatskimljeËiliπtem, a sada je odluËiopoduzeti sliËne aktivnosti ne bili  Loπinj postao to isto.

Vaænu ulogu u promocijiLoπinja imao je dolazak caraFranza Josefa I. 1875. inadvojvode Karla Stefana 1886.godine. U zlatnoj knjizi loπinjskihgostiju upisani su i ostali Ëlanovicarske kuÊe Habsburg: caricaElisabeth Sisi, nadvojvodaMaximilian, prijestolonasljednikRudolf i nadvojvoda FranzFerdinand. Na naπ Otok dolazilisu toliko Ëesto, pa su viπe vremenaproveli na Loπinju negoli,primjerice, u velikoj Budimpeπti.

ZAJEDNIËKI RAD HARAËIÊA IJELËIÊA NA UNAPREENJU GRADA

Odmah nakon πto je 1879.godine stupio na mjesto nastav-nika u loπinjskoj NautiËkoj πkoli,HaraËiÊ je zapoËeo s mjerenjimaatmosferskog tlaka, naoblake ivjetrova. Veliku podrπku u istraæi-vanjima davao mu je Eugen JelËiÊ(Gelcich), koji je za ravnateljapostavljen 1881. godine. JelËiÊ jei sam objavljivao znanstvene radoveiz astronomije, magnetizma,matematike i navigacije. Pobrinuose za nabavku potrebnihinstrumenata, pa je u πkoli najprijeosnovan meteoroloπki, a potom iastronomski opservatorij.

Nakon petogodiπnjihmeteoroloπkih mjerenja, HaraËiÊ jepoËeo objavljivati rezultate uprogramima πkole. Prve podatke oradu svoje stanice HaraËiÊ je objaviou πkolskom programu za 1883.-84.godinu u poglavlju pod naslovomAttività scientifica dell'Instituto.

Dva profesora, dva suradnika,dva prijatelja, sudjelovala su u sviminicijativama koje je Grad tadapoduzimao kako bi se unaprijedilanova grana privrede.

HARAËIÊEVA ISTRAÆIVANJAKLIME LOπINJA NALAZE ODJEK UAUSTRIJSKIM ËASOPISIMA

Podatke HaraËiÊevihistraæivanja uskoro su preuzelimnogi austrijski Ëasopisi.Oesterreichische Badezeitung13. 6. 1886. prvi je objavio Ëlanakdr. Conrada Clara pod naslovom“Drei Winterwochen auf derInsel Lussin”. U njemu Claropisuje svoj trotjedni boravak naLoπinju, a citirajuÊi HaraËiÊevasaznanja, Clar istiËe povoljneklimatske uvjete Otoka kojiredovito posjeÊuje Karl Stephansa svojom obitelji: veÊu toplinuu zimskim mjesecima, konstantnuvlaænost i relativnu mirnoÊu zraka.

Na HaraËiÊevu radnju osvrnuose i beËki list Die Presse 29. 7.1886., a nakon toga i WienerZeitung u broju od 30.7.1886.Dr. Clar nastavio je objavljivatiËlanke o povoljnoj klimi Loπinja,pa je HaraËiÊeve istraæivanjakomentirao u svom Ëlanku “AusLussin” u Wiener KlinischeWochenschrift 20. 12. 1888.godine. Godine 1889. u ËasopisimaTriester Tagblatt i TagespotAbendblatt Graz ponovno senavode HaraËiÊeve studije iopseæno se opisuje postignutinapredak mjesta, pozitivni doj-movi, potpuna sigurnost i predu-sretljivost koju stanovnici pokazuju.

GORE/UP: Eugen JelËiÊ (Gelcich), ravnatelj NautiËkeπkole, prvi predsjednik TuristiËkog druπtva i autorprvog turistiËkog VodiËa iz 1888.godine. / EugenJelËiÊ (Gelcich), Nautical school principal, firstpresident of the Tourist society, and author of theLoπinj’s first tourist Guide from 1888.DOLJE?DOWN: Dr. Leopold Schrötter, austrijskilaringolog i balneolog, pokrenuo mnoge inicijative,njegovom zaslugom Opatija,Veli i Mali Loπinj,proglaπeni su klimatskim ljeËiliπtima.Leopold Schrotter, Austrian laryngologist andbalneologist. Thanks to his efforts, Opatija, Veliand Mali Loπinj were proclaimed sanatoria.

OSNIVANJE TURISTIËKOGDRUπTVA

Dana 9. veljaËe 1886. odræana jeosnivaËka skupπtina u prisutnosti29 Ëlanova kojom je pokrenutoosnivanje TuristiËkog druπtva uMalom Loπinju. Do kraja godinebroj Ëlanova poveÊao se za triputa. PokretaËki odbor Ëinili sunajugledniji graani, a u Druπtvose uËlanio velik broj Loπinjana.Predsjednikom druπtva imenovanje Eugen JelËiÊ, a njegovimpotpredsjednikom Ambroz HaraËiÊ.

DRUπTVO ZA POπUMLJAVANJE IPOLJEPπAVANJE MALOG LOπINJA

NajveÊi problem monarhijskogLoπinja bio je nedostatak zelenilana »ikatu i okolnim breæuljcima.Za vrijeme jedne πetnje pustimzaljevom »ikata roena je ideja onjegovom uljepπavanju. Na licumjesta Schrötter je HaraËiÊu daojedan dukat od 20 kruna - prvinovËani prilog za fond Druπtva, aHaraËiÊ je, u ulozi tajnika, veÊ1886. sastavio statut Druπtva zapoπumljavanje i poljepπavanjeMalog Loπinja. Pod HaraËiÊevimnadzorom, iste godine Druπtvo jeprionulo poslu. U Ëetiri godineposadili su oko 250.000 sadnicaborova. Na istaknutim lokacijamameu borove zasadili su tamariks,agave, indijske smokve, Ëemprese

i drugo nisko zimzeleno grmolikodrveÊe. Svaka je biljka upila sunce,vjetar i kiπu povijesti, znoj truda,muku sadnje i radost uspjeha.Druπtvo je organiziralo ureenjeputova i staza, ËiπÊenje korova ipostavljanje klupa.

HARAËIÊA CITIRAJU TURISTIËKIVODIËI

Prvi loπinjski vodiË izaπao jeu BeËu 1888. godine podnaslovom Die Insel Lussin mitden beiden Städten, Lussingrandeund Lussinpiccolo u nakladiWilhem Braumüller kao desetisvezak Kupaliπne biblioteke.Sastavili su ga Eugen JelËiÊ,opÊinski lijeËnik dr. P. Ghersa iprof. dr. Leopold Schrötter, a njimese pozivalo austrijsku aristokracijuda posjeti otok Loπinj “…jednogproljetnog dana, kada sunceisparavanjem iz drveÊa izvuËeeteriËna ulja, dok pogled bivazadræan vazdazelenimbljeπtavilom”.

U poglavlju O klimi, koje jenapisao Eugen JelËiÊ, navode serezultati HaraËiÊevih istraæivanjaobjavljenih 1886. u programuNautiËke πkole Sul clima diLussinpiccolo. Uz priloæenetablice o vremenskim prilikama

Palme i agave uljepπale su vile na »ikatu.Palms and agaves adorn villas in the Bay of »ikat.

kroz mjesece, naglaπeni su povoljniklimatski uvjeti. U VodiËu, izmeuostalog, saznajemo da se ovremenskoj prognozi posjetiteljimogu informirati na oglasnoj ploËiispred NautiËke πkole, u Ëijojblizini se nalazi paviljon s topomkoji svakog dana signalizira podne.

I kasniji turistiËki vodiËinavode HaraËiÊa iscrpno ga idetaljno citirajuÊi. Njegove tablices podacima o prosjeËnimtemperaturama kroz mjeseceobjavljeni su u lijeËiliπnom vodiËuDer Kurort Lussinpiccolo alsklimatische Winterstation kojije uredio Dr. Franz Vobr 1902.godine, te u vodiËu LjeËiliπnekomisije Winterkurort undSeebad Lussinpiccolo-Cigale iz1912./1913. godine.

IMENOVANJE KLIMATSKIHLJEËILIπTA 1892. GODINE

Austrijski lijeËnik i klimatolog,dr. Conrad Clar kroz mnogeobjavljene Ëlanke, studije i knjigeulagao je izuzetan napor kako bipromovirao Loπinj kao izvrsnooporaviliπno podruËje. Clar sesprijateljio s HaraËiÊem, te jezajedno s dr. Schrötterom zapoËeopropagiranje zdravstvenog turizmana Loπinju.

KonaËno su njihove inicijativeurodile plodom. Njihov prijedlogprihvatila je vlada u BeËu iZemaljskim zakonom u rujnu1892. godine proglasila Mali i VeliLoπinj klimatskim ljeËiliπtima ioporaviliπtima sa svimpovlasticama koje su proizlazileiz tog poloæaja. CjelokupnaljeËiliπna djelatnost stavljena jepod nadzor i upravu LjeËiliπnekomisije.

U toj istoj godini, objavljen jei najduæi tekst o loπinjskoj klimii vegetaciji, na 12 stranica upoznatom struËnom ËasopisuDeutsche Rundschau fürGeographie und Statistik. Autormu je bio sam HaraËiÊ. U Ëlanku

pod naslovom “Die Insel Lussin,ihr Klima und ihre Vegetation”,izloæio je rezultate viπegodiπnjegpromatranja i biljeæenja podataka.

ZLATNO DOBALOπINJSKOG TURIZMA

Bio je to poËetak zlatnog dobaloπinjskog turizma. ZapoËetodolaskom prvog rekonvalescenta1885. godine, trajalo je sve do1914. godine, odnosno Prvogsvjetskog rata.

U tom razdoblju, kao karike ulancu, nizale su se za LoπinjrazliËite prilike i situacije, kad senjegovo brodarstvo nakon propastijedrenjaka i razvoja parobrodanaπlo u krizi. HaraËiÊeva sustavnameteoroloπka opaæanja iistraæivanja vegetacije Loπinja,dovela su do prvih znanstvenoutemeljenih postavki o klimiLoπinja.

Saznanja o povoljnimklimatskim uvjetima i blagompodneblju, razvijala su nadaljeideju o moguÊnosti oporavka ilijeËenja. Lanac povezanostiodvijao se i dalje. Poπumljavanjem»ikata, uvala se zaπtitila odneugodne bure, a izgradnjomhotela i kupaliπta, stvoreni su joπpovoljniji uvjeti za oporavakbolesnih. To je potaklo osnivanjeTuristiËkog druπtva koje je svojimaktivnostima organiziralo dolazaki smjeπtaj gostiju. Rezultatuloæenih napora, bilo jeimenovanje Malog i Velog Loπinjaklimatskim ljeËiliπtima. U svakojkarici tog lanca, nemalo puta kaopokretaË, s udjelovao jei sam HaraËiÊ.

HaraËiÊev istraæivaËki napor,svi radovi i aktivnosti, posveÊenisu njegovom zaviËaju. Poduzimaoje inicijative ne πtedeÊi svojevrijeme i znanje. Ne traæeÊi plaÊuza rad koji je uloæio za dobrobitzajednice, zasluæio je biti uzordanaπnjim generacijama.

IZVORI:

• TuristiËki vodiË: ''Die Insel Lussinmit den beiden Städten, Lussingrandeund Lussinpiccolo'' , Braumüller´s Bade-Bibliothek Nr.10, Wien, 1888.

• TuristiËki vodiË: ''Winterkurort undSeebad Lussinpiccolo-Cigale'', Druckvon Straulino & Strukel, Lussinpiccolo,1912./1913.

• »asopisi u ÖsterreichischenNationalbibliothek (Die Presse,Oesterreichische Badezeitung, WienerZeitung, Wiener klinischeWochenschrift, Triester Tagblatt,Wiener klinishe Rundschau, TagespostAbendblatt Graz, Deutsche Rundschaufur Geographie und Statistik )

• Dræavni arhiv u Rijeci

• Loπinjski muzej (zbirka starihrazglednica)

LITERATURA:

• CrnkoviÊ, Nikola: Veli Loπinj: iskonskaciviliziranost i arhivsko blago, Dræavniarhiv u Rijeci, Posebna izdanja 14,Rijeka, 2001.

• CvjetkoviÊ, Boæo: Æivot i rad EugenaGelcicha, Nakladom upraviteljstva ∆.K. NautiËke πkole, Dubrovnik, 1910.

• DugaËki, Vladimir: Loπinj kaoklimatsko ljeËiliπte u ogledaluturistiËkih vodiËa u vrijeme AmbrozaHaraËiÊa, Zbornik radova o prirodoslovcu

Ambrozu HaraËiÊu, Hrvatskoprirodoslovno druπtvo, Zagreb, 1981.

• Hreglich-Mercanti, Neera: RicordandoLussino I-VI , Trieste, 1999.

• KojiÊ, Branko: Meteoroloπkapromatranja Ambroza HaraËiÊa kaoosnova za razvoj loπinjskog turizma,Zbornik radova o prirodoslovcu AmbrozuHaraËiÊu, Hrvatsko prirodoslovnodruπtvo, Zagreb, 1981.

• KojiÊ, Branko: Razvitak turizma naotoku Loπinju, Anali Jadranskoginstituta, svezak I., JAZU, Zagreb, 1956.

• KojiÊ, Branko: TuristiËki vodiËi kaoizvori za povijest loπinjskoghotelijerstva 1887 ‡ 1913., OtoËkiljetopis Cres - Loπinj 5, Izvori zapovijest otoka Cresa i Loπinja, MaliLoπinj, 1984.

• Kos, Mirjana, Lozzi BarkoviÊ, Julija:Kvarnerska kupaliπna baπtina, Hrvatskimuzej turizma, Dræavni arhiv u Rijeci,Opatija-Rijeka 2009.

• NikoliÊ, Adrijano: OtoËna korabljica,Katedra »akavskog sabora Cres - Loπinj,Mali Loπinj, 2007.

• SokoliÊ, Julijano: Povijest turizma naLoπinju, Morus Alba, Mali Loπinj, 1997.

• SokoliÊ, Julijano: ZaviËajni kalendarcresko-loπinjskog otoËja, OtoËki ljetopisCres - Loπinj 15., Katedra »akavskogsabora Cres-Loπinj, Mali Loπinj, 2008.

• VukoniÊ, Boris: Povijest hrvatskogturizma, Prometej & HAZU, Zagreb, 2005.

Arboretum u uvali Ostrugova poËetkom 20. stoljeÊa.Arboretum at the Bay of Ostrugovaat the beginning of the 20th century.

Let’s glance back at thebeginning of the 19th century. Anew affluent class, the bourgeoisie,emerged within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. To those of thisclass who suffered from differentpulmonary ailments, doctors wouldrecommend recovery in some ofthe coastal towns of the Italianand French Riviera. As a result,these ailing people became thefirst tourists.

After the Congress in Vienna in1815, the Adriatic coast and theisland of Loπinj were annexed tothe Austro-Hungarian Empire. Thetouristic potential of the EastAdriatic region was soonrecognized, triggering thedevelopment of its economy,urbanization, and technology.

The pivotal event for the regionrepresented the construction ofthree railroads. The first railroadconnected Vienna and Trieste; thesecond connected Zagreb and Rijekathrough the city of Karlovac; andthe third was the connectionbetween DivaËa and Pula.

In addition, the Austrian Lloydestablished a regular steamshipline between Trieste and Kotorpassing through Mali Loπinj. In the1880’s, the Lloyd’s steamshipsconnected the island of Loπinj withRijeka and Pula.

The building of a hotel in 1884transformed the the coastal townof Opatija into a resort and markedthe beginning of the tourism inthe East Adriatic. Soon, other smalltowns in the vicinity of Opatijafollowed its example and developedas resorts.

LOπINJ BECOMES THE FIRST TOURISTISLAND IN THE ADRIATIC SEA

In those days, a regularmaritime line between Trieste andthe South Adriatic was passing by

Loπinj. At the same time, the sailship industry in Loπinj fell intocrisis because of the blooming ofthe steamship industry. Spaciousand beautiful villas and summerhouses of once-rich captains andship owners were transformed intovisitor lodgings for the firsttourists, making Loπinj the firsttouristic island in the Adriatic.

Meteorological data related toLoπinj’s healthy climate andvegetation were collected over afive-year period of research byProfessor Ambroz HaraËiÊ andpublished in a number of Austrianjournals. HaraËiÊ’s researchfindings captured the attentionof MD Conrad Clar, the Austrianphysician and scientist, who hadvisited Loπinj with his son onJanuary 21st, 1885. The boy wasafflicted by laryngitis. However,after three weeks of vacation inLoπinj, he returned homecompletely recovered. His quickand successful recoveryrepresented the first confirmationof the health benefits of Loπinj’sclimate.

Beginnings of Tourismin Europe and the East Adriatic

Naslovnica prvog turistiËkog VodiËa Loπinjaiz 1888. godine. / The Cover page of the Loπinj’s

first tourist guide from 1888.

Soon after, one of the mosteminent Austrian specialists forlung and throat diseases, LeopoldSchrötter, medical doctor andprofessor at the University ofMedicine in Vienna, visited theisland. He had already taken partin the initiative to declare Opatijathe winter resort, and he intendedto do the same for Loπinj. Thearrivals of the Emperor FrancJosef I in 1885 and the archdukeKarl Stefan in 1886 were otherimportant promotional factors.The other members of theHabsburg royal family, includingEmpress Elisabeth Sisi, ArchdukeMaximilian, heir to the throneRudolf, and Archduke FranzFerdinand were also registered inthe visitor golden book. Theyvisited Loπinj so often that theyeventually spent more time on theisland than in Budapest.

THE JOINT EFFORT OF HARAËIÊAND JELËIÊ ON DEVELOPINGMALI LOπINJAmbroz HaraËiÊ and Eugen JelËiÊwere teachers, collaborators, andfriends who took part in allinitiatives undertaken by the CityCouncil to promote thedevelopment of tourism in Loπinj.Ambroz HaraËiÊ’s critical researchon the climate and vegetation ofLoπinj began soon after he hadstarted teaching at the NauticalSchool in Loπinj. He measured andrecorded the air pressure, cloudcover, and winds. JelËiÊ, who wrote

and published academic papersrelated to astronomy, magnetism,mathematics, and navigation, wasappointed school principal in1881. He strongly supportedHaraËiÊ’s project and providedmeans for acquisition ofinstruments for a meteorologicaland astronomical observatory. Atthe end of his five-year research,HaraËiÊ started publishing hisresults in the school’s newsletter.The first data of his meteorologicalobservatory appeared in the schoolyear 1883-1884, in the chapterentitled “Attivita Scientificadell’Istituto” (Scientific Work ofthe Institute).

RESEARCH FINDINGSOF THE LOπINJ ISLANDS’ CLIMATECITED IN AUSTRIAN JOURNALS

The findings of the HaraËiÊ’sresearch had been cited in anumber of Austrian scientificjournals. OesterreischeBadezeitung, for example,published an article written byDr. Conrad Clar entitled “DreiWinterwochen auf der insel Lussin”(Dry Winters on the island ofLoπinj) on June 13, 1886. In it,the author described his three-week long vacation in Loπinj and,

Dr. Conrad Clar, austrijski lijeËnik Ëijom je zaslugompromoviran Loπinj. / Conrad Clar, Austrian medicaldoctor who promoted Loπinj.

Naslovnica austrijskog Ëasopisa OesterreichischeBadezeitung iz 1886. godine. »lanak doktora

Conrada Clara „Tri zimska tjedna na otoku Loπinju“smatra se prvom propagandom loπinjskog turizma./ Cover page of the Oesterreichische Badezeitungjournal from 1886. Its article “Three Winter Weeksin Losinj” is considered the first advertisement

for tourism in Loπinj.

citing HaraËiÊ, pointed out itsfavorable climate. He alsomentioned that Loπinj, with itsmild temperatures and relativelycalm, constantly humid air, hadbecome a favorite winter spot ofKarl Stephan and his family.

The Vienna journal Die Presseon July 29, 1886 and WienerZeitung on July 30, 1886 as wellas Triester Tagblatt and TagespotAbendblatt Graz also citedHaraËiÊ’s findings. These authorsalso described in depth theprogress of the town of Mali Loπinjand their own positive impressionsof the town’s safe environmentand the hospitality shown by itsinhabitants. In the December 20,1888 issue of Wiener KlinischeWochenschrift, Clar again citedHaraËiÊ’ research findings in hisarticle.

THE ESTABLISHMENTOF THE TOURIST SOCIETY

The inaugural assembly for theestablishment of the TouristSociety was held on February 9,1886. Twenty nine members werepresent at the meeting. By theend of the year, the number ofmembers had increased three-fold. The members of theinaugural panel were the mostprominent citizens of Loπinj.Eugen JelËiÊ and Ambroz HaraËiÊwere nominated the President andVice-President of the Society,respectively.

THE SOCIETY FOR FORESTATIONAND BEAUTIFICATION OF MALILOπINJThe major problem Loπinj facedas a tourist destination was a lackof green spaces in the bay of »ikatand its surrounding hills. Shrötterand HaraËiÊ initiated the creationof a society for forestation andbeautification of Mali Loπinj. Theidea was born during their walkalong deserted »ikat, and a giftof a ducat equivalent 20 krunas,was given by Schrötter as the firstdonation for the cause. HaraËiÊ,in the role of the Society’ssecretary, wrote its statute in1886. That same year, and underHaraËiÊ’s supervision, the membersof the Society got down to work.In four years, they planted about250.000 pine seedlings. In themost prominent locations, theyalso planted tamaris, agave,Indian figs, cypresses and otherevergreen shrubs. The societyorganized the building of trails,the clearing of weeds andinstallation of benches.

HARAËIÊ’S NAME CITEDIN TOURIST BROCHURES

The first guide for Loπinj, DieInsel Lussin mit den BeidenStadthen, Lussingrande undLussinpiccolo ( The island ofLoπinj with beaches,

Razglednica Loπinja iz 1902. godine. Glavnaloπinjska riva nekada je nosila ime po austrijskomnadvojvodi Franji Ferdinandu. / Postcard of Loπinjfrom 1902. The main Loπinj promenade was named

after the Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Lussingrande and Lussinpiccolo)was published in Vienna in 1888 inWilhem Braumuller edition as thetenth volume of Bathing Collection.The authors of the volume, JelËiÊ,Dr. P. Ghersa, and ProfessorSchrötter, invited the Austrianaristocracy to visit the island ofLoπinj “on a spring day, when thesun draws out ethereal oils fromtrees, and the eyes are mesmerizedby shimmering evergreens.”

In the chapter, “About theClimate”, JelËiÊ cited the resultsof HaraËiÊ’s research findingspublished in 1886 in the newsletterof Loπinj’s Nautical School entitledSul Clima di Lussinpiccolo (Aboutthe Climate of Mali Loπinj). Heused HaraËiÊ’s monthly weathercharts to illustrate the favorableclimate conditions on the island.The guide, among other things,informs the visitors of theexistence, in front of the NauticalSchool, of a bulletin board withthe daily weather forecast. In thevicinity of the school, there was apavilion with cannon that signalednoon every day.

Later tourist guides refer toHaraËiÊ’s work describing hisfindings in detail. His charts withthe data about median monthlytemperatures were published inthe Cure Guide entitled Der KurortLussinpiccolo as klimatisheWinterstation, edited by Dr. FrancVobr in 1902, as well as in the

Guide of Medical CommissionWinterkurort und SeebadLussinpiccolo-Cigale in 1912/1913.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ACLIMATE SANATORIUM IN 1892

Through articles, essays andbooks, Clar, together with hisfriends HaraËiÊ and Schrötter, madean extraordinary effort to promoteLoπinj as an excellent place forconvalescence. Their effortultimately bore fruit. Their proposalwas accepted by the Governmentin Vienna, and in September of1892, the Earth Law proclaimedMali and Veli Loπinj climatesanatoria with all benefits thatthis status yielded.

The same year, the renownedjournal Deutche Rundshau furGeographie und Statistic publishedHaraËiÊ’s 12-page article aboutthe climate and vegetation of theisland “The Insel Lussin, ihr Klimaund ihre Vegetation” (The islandof Loπinj, its Climate andVegetation), reporting the findingsof his five-year observations.

GOLDEN YEARS OF TOURISMIN LOπINJ

The establishment of Loπinj asa climate sanatorium marked thebeginning of its golden era. It hadstarted with the arrival of the firstconvalescents in 1885 and endedwith the outbreak of the FirstWorld War in 1914. What startedwith HaraËiÊ’s systematic meteoro-logical research in an economicallydepressed region became a chainof events which led to the creationof a prosperous Imperial healthresort. His data became a base forthe scientific theory about theclimate in Loπinj which in turn ledto the idea of utilizing these favo-rable conditions for touristic andmedical purposes. The forestationof the island, and construction ofsea-front, together with creatinga tourist society, made this ideapossible on the large scale.

HaraËiÊ participated often asan initiator in each step of thisprocess. He volunteered his timeand knowledge. His enthusiasmfor working for the benefit of hiscommunity is an inspiration totoday’s younger generations.

Glavni loπinjski trg poËetkom 20. st. / Loπinj’smain square at the beginning of the 20th century.

Mali Loπinj, 1905. godine. Riva koja sedanas zove Priko nekada je nosila naziv po austrijskom caruFranji Josipu I. / Mali Loπinj in 1905. Today’s promenadePriko was initially named after AustrianEmperor Franc Josef I.

Parobrod na Veloj rivi, 1913. godine.Steamship at Vela Riva in 1913.

»ikat na razglednici iz 1907. godineThe bay of Cikat on a postcard from 1907.