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Poetry Terms
On the page, in the ear and with the tools
On the page—STANZAS
One of the primary
organizers of poetry
(the paragraphs of
poetry)Couplet 2 Sestet 6
Triplet 3 Septet 7
Quatrain 4 Octave 8
Quintet 5
On the page—Line Breaks
Creates rhythm or sound Signals meaning Sometimes gives
poems a particular appearance
On the page—Indentations
Foregrounds
different words/ideasSignals meaning Sometimes gives
poems a particular appearance
On the page—White Space
Signals meaning “I also liked the way poetry
looked on the page—all that white space around the words suggested that each word had honor.”
-- Shihab Nye
On the page—Punctuation
Signals meaningSignals pauseSignals breathShapes meaning
Dawkins Hierarchy of Punctuation
In the Ear—Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words
Example “We wear the mask that grins and lies,/”
Paul Laurence Dunbar, “We Wear the Mask”
In the Ear—Consonance
The repetition of consonant sounds in words
Similar to alliteration, but not limited to first letter of words
Example “We wear the mask that grins and lies,/
It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,--/”Paul Laurence Dunbar, “We Wear the Mask”
In the ear—Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds without repeating consonants
Example:
“Like stalks of tall, dry straw
At poor peace I sing”
Dylan Thomas, “Prologue”
In the Ear—Onomatopoeia
The use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning
Examples:ClangBuzzTwangswoosh
In the Ear—Repetition
The repeating of a word, a phrase, or an idea for emphasis or effect
We Real CoolBy Gwendolyn Brooks
The Pool Players. Seven at the Golden Shovel.
We real cool. We Left school. We
Lurk late. We Strike straight. We
Sing sin. We Thin gin. We
Jazz June. We Die soon.
In the Ear—End Rhyme /Rhyme Scheme
The Storm
James K. McAlister
Wind rustled crunching leaves a
That on the sidewalk lay. b
There was a big storm coming c
On a windy Autumn day. b
Thunder rumbled overhead d
And shook me through and through. e
A jagged bolt of lightning struck! f
The sky then cracked in two! e
Rain washed down the dirty road. g
It hissed, and gushed, and muttered. h
The downpour swept dead leaves away i
Into the bubbling gutter. h
•The rhyming of words that appear at the ends of two lines of poetry
In the Ear—Internal Rhyme
Occurs when the rhyming words appear in the same line of poetry
We Real CoolBy Gwendolyn Brooks
The Pool Players. Seven at the Golden Shovel.
We real cool. We Left school. We
Lurk late. We Strike straight. We
Sing sin. We Thin gin. We
Jazz June. We Die soon.
In the Ear—Rhythm
Regular or random occurrence of sound in poetry
Regular is called meterRandom is called Free Verse
Contemporary poetry often uses free verse
Tools—Metaphor
comparison between essentially unlike things without using words OR application of a name or description to something to which it is not literally applicable
A Three Point Shot From AndromedaBy Paul Beatty
rain rusted orangering of saturnin urban orbit
over an outdoor gym
What two things are being compared?
Tools—Simile
comparison between two essentially unlike things using words such as "like," as," or "as though”
Example:
“Of asphodel, that greeny flower,
like a buttercup
upon its branching stem-”William Carlos Williams, “Asphodel, that Greeny Flower”
Tools—Hyperbole
An exaggeration for emphasis
The StormJames K. McAlister
Wind rustled crunching leaves That on the sidewalk lay.
There was a big storm coming On a windy Autumn day.
Thunder rumbled overheadAnd shook me through and through. A jagged bolt of lightning struck!
The sky then cracked in two! Rain washed down the dirty road.
It hissed, and gushed, and muttered. The downpour swept dead leaves away Into the bubbling gutter.
Tools—Imagery
A word or sequence of words representing a sensory experience (visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory)
Example: Billy Collins, “Litany”
“You are the bread and the knife,
the crystal goblet and the wine.
You are the dew on the morning grass
and the burning wheel of the sun.
You are the white apron of the baker,
and the marsh birds suddenly in flight.”
Tools—Allusion
A a reference to the person, event, or work outside the poem or literary piece
Example: Dylan Thomas’s “Fern Hill”
And then to awake, and the farm, like a wanderer white
With the dew, come back, the cock on his shoulder: it was all
Shining, it was Adam and maiden,
The sky gathered again
And the sun grew round that very day.
Tools—Symbol
An object or action that stands for something beyond itself
Green Light and Gamma WaysBy Thylias Moss
Miss Liberty is green, the horizon and skyplus yellow skin.
She is a minority too, colorof ridiculous Martian fableand not a man.
Handicapped, disabled.Another immigrant.
Tools—Metonymy
An idea associated with something substituted for the whole
The Big Apple = New York
The Crown = Royalty
Land of the Free and Home of the Brave = USA
The Suits = stuffy, upper middle class, bosses