POCKET WORLD IN FIGURES2007 EDITION

O T H E R E C O N O M I S T B O O K S

Guide to Analysing CompaniesGuide to Business ModellingGuide to Business Planning

Guide to Economic IndicatorsGuide to the European Union

Guide to Financial MarketsGuide to Investment StrategyGuide to Management Ideas

Numbers GuideStyle Guide

Dictionary of BusinessDictionary of Economics

International Dictionary of Finance

Brands and BrandingBusiness Consulting

Business EthicsBusiness Miscellany

Business StrategyChina’s Stockmarket

Dealing with Financial RiskEconomics

Future of TechnologyGlobalisation

Headhunters and How to Use ThemSuccessful Mergers

The CityWall Street

Essential DirectorEssential EconomicsEssential InvestmentEssential Negotiation

PocketWorld inFigures2007 Edition

T H E E C O N O M I S T I N A S S O C I AT I O N W I T H P R O F I L E B O O K S LT D

Published by Profile Books Ltd, 3A Exmouth House, Pine Street, London EC1R 0JH

This edition published by Profile Books in association withThe Economist, 2006

Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Ltd, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,

2004, 2005, 2006

Material researched and compiled by Andrea Burgess, Ulrika Davies, Mark Doyle, Andrew Gilbert,Conrad Heine, Carol Howard, Stella Jones, David McKelvey,

Keith Potter, Simon Wright

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyrightreserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in anyform or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission ofboth the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.

The greatest care has been taken in compiling this book. However, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers or compilers

for the accuracy of the information presented.

Typeset in Officina by MacGuru Ltdinfo@macguru.org.uk

Printed in Italy by Graphicom

A CIP catalogue record for this book is availablefrom the British Library

ISBN-10: 1 86197 825 1ISBN-13: 978 1 86197 825 7

ContentsCONTENTS

10 Notes11 Abbreviations

13 Part I World Rankings

14 Countries: natural factsCountries: the largest Mountains: the highestRivers: the longest Deserts: the largest Lakes: the largestIslands: the largest

16 Population: size and growthLargest 2004 Largest 1950 and 2050Fastest growing populations Slowest growing populationsPopulation change 2004–2050

18 Population: matters of breedingHighest and lowest fertility ratesHighest and lowest teenage births Highest and lowest crude birth rates Most male populationsMost female populations

20 Population: ageHighest median age Lowest median ageHighest populations aged 60 and overHighest populations aged 0–14

21 Population: migrantsInternational migrants: 2005, 1990, 1970

22 Refugees and asylumLargest refugee nationalitiesCountries with largest refugee populationsAsylum applications by originIndustrialised countries with most asylum applications

23 City livingBiggest cities Fastest growing cities Slowest growing citiesHighest urban population Lowest urban populationHighest % of population in a single city Highest quality of lifeLowest quality of life

26 The world economyBiggest economies Biggest economies by purchasing powerRegional GDP Regional purchasing power Regional populationRegional international trade

28 Living standardsHighest GDP per head Lowest GDP per headHighest purchasing power Lowest purchasing power

30 The quality of lifeHighest human development indexLowest human development index Economic freedom index Gender-related development index

32 Economic growthHighest economic growth Lowest economic growthHighest services growth Lowest services growth

34 Trading placesBiggest exporters Most trade dependentLeast trade dependent Biggest visible tradersBiggest invisible traders

36 Balance of payments: current accountLargest surpluses Largest deficitsLargest surpluses as % of GDP Largest deficits as % of GDPWorkers’ remittances Official reserves

39 Exchange ratesBig Mac index

40 InflationHighest inflation Lowest inflation

42 DebtHighest foreign debt Highest foreign debt burdenHighest debt service ratios

44 AidLargest donors Largest recipients

46 Industry and servicesLargest industrial outputHighest and lowest growth in industrial outputLargest manufacturing output Largest services output

48 AgricultureMost economically dependent on agricultureLeast economically dependent on agricultureHighest growth Lowest growthBiggest producers: cereals, meat, fruit, vegetables

50 CommoditiesLeading producers and consumers of: wheat, rice, sugar,coarse grains, tea, coffee, cocoa, copper, lead, zinc, tin, nickel,aluminium, precious metals, rubber, raw wool, cotton, major oilseeds, oil, natural gas, coal, oil reserves

56 EnergyLargest producers Largest consumers Energy efficiencyHighest and lowest net importersLargest consumption per head Sources of electricity

58 Workers of the worldHighest % of population in labour forceMost male workforce Most female workforceLowest % of population in labour forceHighest rate of unemployment

60 The business worldGlobal competitiveness The business environment

CONTENTS

62 Business creativity and researchInnovation indexInformation and communications technology index E-readinessR&D expenditure Patents granted and in force

64 Business costs and FDIOffice rents Employment costs Foreign direct investment

65 Business burdens and corruptionDays to register a new company Corruption perceptions indexBusiness software piracy

66 Businesses and banksLargest businesses Largest banks

68 StockmarketsLargest market capitalisationHighest growth in market capitalisationHighest growth in value tradedHighest growth in number of listed companies

70 Transport: roads and carsLongest road networks Densest road networksMost crowded road networks Most used road networksHighest car ownership Lowest car ownershipMost injured and killed in road accidents

74 Transport: planes and trainsMost air travel Busiest airports Longest railway networksMost rail passengers Most rail freight

76 Transport: shippingLargest merchant fleets Biggest crude oil capacityBiggest fish catching capacity

77 TourismMost tourist arrivals Biggest tourist spendersLargest tourist receipts

78 EducationHighest primary enrolment Lowest primary enrolmentHighest tertiary enrolment Least literateHighest education spending Lowest education spending

80 Life expectancyHighest life expectancy Highest male life expectancyHighest female life expectancy Lowest life expectancyLowest male life expectancy Lowest female life expectancy

82 Death rates and infant mortalityHighest death rates Highest infant mortalityLowest death rates Lowest infant mortality

84 Death and diseaseDiabetes Heart disease Maternal mortality rate TuberculosisMeasles immunisation DPT immunisationHIV/AIDS prevalence and deaths

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

86 HealthHighest health spending Lowest health spendingHighest population per doctor Lowest population per doctorMost hospital beds Highest male obesityHighest female obesity

88 Marriage and divorceHighest marriage rates Lowest marriage ratesHighest divorce rates Lowest divorce rates

90 Households and pricesBiggest number of households Biggest householdsHighest cost of living Smallest number of householdsSmallest households Lowest cost of living

92 Consumer goods ownershipTV Telephone CD player Computer Mobile telephone

94 Books and newspapersCultural goods, exports and imports Daily newspapers

95 Music and the internetMusic sales Digital music market Internet hosts

96 Nobel prize winnersPeace Economics Literature Physiology or medicinePhysics Chemistry

97 Olympic medal winnersSummer games, 1896–2004 Winter games, 1924–2006

98 Drinking and smokingBeer drinkers Wine drinkers Alcoholic drinksSmokers

99 Crime and punishmentPolice Crime Prisoners

100 Stars …Space missions Space vehicle launches

101 … and WarsDefence spending Armed forces UN peacekeeping missions

103 EnvironmentEnvironmental performance index Environmental health scoresLowest access to improved drinking water source Highest and lowest air quality scores Highest concentration of ozone Biggest forests Forests’ largest share of land Biggest loss of forested landBiggest gain in forested land

107 Part II Country Profiles

108 Algeria 178 Mexico110 Argentina 180 Morocco112 Australia 182 Netherlands114 Austria 184 New Zealand116 Bangladesh 186 Nigeria118 Belgium 188 Norway 120 Brazil 190 Pakistan122 Bulgaria 192 Peru124 Cameroon 194 Philippines126 Canada 196 Poland128 Chile 198 Portugal130 China 200 Romania132 Colombia 202 Russia134 Côte d’Ivoire 204 Saudi Arabia136 Czech Republic 206 Singapore138 Denmark 208 Slovakia140 Egypt 210 Slovenia142 Estonia 212 South Africa144 Finland 214 South Korea146 France 216 Spain148 Germany 218 Sweden150 Greece 220 Switzerland152 Hong Kong 222 Taiwan154 Hungary 224 Thailand156 India 226 Turkey158 Indonesia 228 Ukraine160 Iran 230 United Arab Emirates162 Ireland 232 United Kingdom164 Israel 234 United States166 Italy 236 Venezuela168 Japan 238 Vietnam170 Kenya 240 Zimbabwe172 Latvia 242 Euro area174 Lithuania 244 World176 Malaysia

246 Glossary248 List of countries253 Sources

CONTENTS

10

Notes

This 2007 edition of The Economist Pocket World in Figuresincludes new rankings on such things as as islands, migrants,remittances, official reserves, Big Mac index, oil reserves, e-readiness, heart disease, trade in cultural goods, digital musicand several environmental measures. The world rankingsconsider 183 countries; all those with a population of at least1m or a GDP of at least $1bn; they are listed on pages 248–52.The country profiles cover 67 major countries. Also includedare profiles of the euro area and the world. The extent andquality of the statistics available varies from country tocountry. Every care has been taken to specify the broaddefinitions on which the data are based and to indicate caseswhere data quality or technical difficulties are such thatinterpretation of the figures is likely to be seriously affected.Nevertheless, figures from individual countries may differfrom standard international statistical definitions. The term“country” can also refer to territories or economic entities.

Some country definitionsMacedonia is officially known as the Former Yugoslav Republicof Macedonia. Serbia includes Montenegro. Data for Cyprusnormally refer to Greek Cyprus only. Data for China do notinclude Hong Kong or Macau. For countries such as Moroccothey exclude disputed areas. Congo-Kinshasa refers to theDemocratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire.Congo-Brazzaville refers to the other Congo. Data for the EUrefer to the 15 members as at January 1 2004: Austria,Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,Sweden and the United Kingdom, except where 2004 data isnow available for the 25 members ie, including Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland,Slovakia and Slovenia. The euro area includes all of the 15except Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Statistical basisThe all-important factor in a book of this kind is to be able tomake reliable comparisons between countries. Although thisis never quite possible for the reasons stated above, the bestroute, which this book takes, is to compare data for the sameyear or period and to use actual, not estimated, figureswherever possible. Where a country’s data is excessively out ofdate, it is excluded, which is the reason there is no countryprofile of Iraq in this edition. The research for this edition of

The Economist Pocket World in Figures was carried out in 2006using the latest available sources that present data on aninternationally comparable basis. Data, therefore, unlessotherwise indicated, refer to the year ending December 31 2004.

In the country profiles, life expectancy, crude birth, deathand fertility rates are based on 2005–10 averages; humandevelopment indices and energy data are for 2003; marriageand divorce data refer to the latest year for which figures areavailable. Employment, health and education data are for thelatest year between 2000 and 2004.

Other definitionsData shown in country profiles may not always be consistentwith those shown in the world rankings because thedefinitions or years covered can differ. Data may also differbetween two different rankings.

Most countries’ national accounts are now compiled on aGDP basis so, for simplicity, the term GDP has been usedinterchangeably with GNP or GNI.

Statistics for principal exports and principal imports arenormally based on customs statistics. These are generallycompiled on different definitions to the visible exports andimports figures shown in the balance of payments section.

Definitions of the statistics shown are given on the relevantpage or in the glossary on page 246. Figures may not addexactly to totals, or percentages to 100, because of roundingor, in the case of GDP, statistical adjustment. Sums of moneyhave generally been converted to US dollars at the officialexchange rate ruling at the time to which the figures refer.

Energy consumption data are not always reliable,particularly for the major oil producing countries;consumption per head data may therefore be higher than inreality. Energy exports can exceed production and importscan exceed consumption if transit operations distort tradedata or oil is imported for refining and re-exported.

NOTES 11

Abbreviationsbn billion (one thousand million)

CIS Commonwealth of Independent

States

EU European Union

kg kilogram

km kilometre

GDP Gross domestic product

GNI Gross national income

GNP Gross national product

GRT Gross tonnage

ha Hectare

m million

PPP Purchasing power parity

trn trillion (one thousand billion)

… not available

Worldrankings

Countries: natural facts

14 WORLD RANKINGS

Mountains: the highestb

Name Location Height (m)

Countries: the largesta

’000 sq km

1 Russia 17,0752 Canada 9,9713 China 9,5614 United States 9,3735 Brazil 8,5126 Australia 7,6827 India 3,2878 Argentina 2,7679 Kazakhstan 2,717

10 Sudan 2,50611 Algeria 2,38212 Congo 2,34513 Saudi Arabia 2,20014 Greenland 2,17615 Mexico 1,97316 Indonesia 1,90417 Libya 1,76018 Iran 1,64819 Mongolia 1,56520 Peru 1,28521 Chad 1,28422 Niger 1,26723 Angola 1,24724 Mali 1,24025 South Africa 1,22626 Colombia 1,14227 Ethiopia 1,13428 Bolivia 1,09929 Mauritania 1,03130 Egypt 1,000

31 Tanzania 94532 Nigeria 92433 Venezuela 91234 Namibia 82435 Pakistan 80436 Mozambique 79937 Turkey 77938 Chile 75739 Zambia 75340 Myanmar 67741 Afghanistan 65242 Somalia 63843 Central African Rep 62244 Ukraine 60445 Madagascar 58746 Kenya 58347 Botswana 58148 France 54449 Yemen 52850 Thailand 51351 Spain 50552 Turkmenistan 48853 Cameroon 47554 Papua New Guinea 46355 Sweden 45056 Morocco 447

Uzbekistan 44758 Iraq 43859 Paraguay 40760 Zimbabwe 391

a Includes freshwater.b Includes separate peaks which are part of the same massif.

1 Everest Nepal-China 8,8482 K2 (Godwin Austen) Pakistan 8,6113 Kangchenjunga Nepal-Sikkim 8,5864 Lhotse Nepal-China 8,5165 Makalu Nepal-China 8,4636 Cho Oyu Nepal-China 8,2017 Dhaulagiri Nepal 8,1678 Manaslu Nepal 8,1639 Nanga Parbat Pakistan 8,125

10 Annapurna I Nepal 8,09111 Gasherbrum I Pakistan-China 8,06812 Broad Peak Pakistan-China 8,04713 Xixabangma (Gosainthan) China 8,04614 Gasherbrum II Pakistan-China 8,035

1 Nile Africa 6,6952 Amazon South America 6,5163 Yangtze Asia 6,3804 Mississippi-Missouri system North America 6,0195 Ob’-Irtysh Asia 5,5706 Yenisey-Angara Asia 5,5507 Hwang He (Yellow) Asia 5,4648 Congo Africa 4,6679 Parana South America 4,500

10 Mekong Asia 4,425

COUNTRIES: NATURAL FACTS 15

Notes: Notes: Estimates of the lengths of rivers vary widely depending on eg, the pathto take through a delta. The definition of a desert is normally a mean annualprecipitation value equal to 250ml or less. Australia (7.69 sq km) is defined as acontinent rather than an island.

Rivers: the longestName Location Length (km)

Lakes: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

Islands: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

1 Greenland North Atlantic Ocean 2,176 2 New Guinea South-west Pacific Ocean 809 3 Borneo Western Pacific Ocean 746 4 Madagascar Indian Ocean 587 5 Baffin North Atlantic Ocean 507 6 Sumatra North-east Indian Ocean 474 7 Honshu Sea of Japan-Pacific Ocean 227 8 Great Britain Off coast of north-west Europe 218

Deserts: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

1 Sahara Northern Africa 8,6002 Arabia SW Asia 2,3003 Gobi Mongolia/China 1,1664 Patagonian Argentina 6735 Great Victoria W and S Australia 6476 Great Basin SW United States 4927 Chihuahuan N Mexico 4508 Great Sandy W Australia 400

1 Caspian Sea Central Asia 3712 Superior Canada/US 823 Victoria E Africa 694 Huron Canada/US 605 Michigan US 586 Aral Sea Central Asia 347 Tanganyika E Africa 338 Great Bear Canada 31

1 China 1,313.32 India 1,081.23 United States 297.04 Indonesia 222.65 Brazil 180.76 Pakistan 157.37 Bangladesh 149.78 Russia 142.49 Japan 127.8

10 Nigeria 127.111 Mexico 104.912 Germany 82.5

Vietnam 82.514 Philippines 81.415 Egypt 73.416 Ethiopia 72.417 Turkey 72.318 Iran 69.819 Thailand 63.520 France 60.421 United Kingdom 59.422 Italy 57.323 Congo-Kinshasa 54.424 Myanmar 50.125 Ukraine 48.226 South Korea 48.027 South Africa 45.228 Colombia 44.929 Spain 41.130 Argentina 38.931 Poland 38.632 Tanzania 37.733 Sudan 34.3

34 Kenya 32.435 Algeria 32.336 Canada 31.737 Morocco 31.138 Peru 27.639 Uganda 26.740 Uzbekistan 26.541 Venezuela 26.242 Iraq 25.943 Nepal 25.744 Afghanistan 24.9

Malaysia 24.9Saudi Arabia 24.9

47 North Korea 22.848 Taiwan 22.749 Romania 22.350 Ghana 21.451 Yemen 20.752 Australia 19.953 Mozambique 19.2

Sri Lanka 19.255 Syria 18.256 Madagascar 17.957 Côte d'Ivoire 16.958 Cameroon 16.359 Netherlands 16.260 Chile 16.061 Kazakhstan 15.462 Cambodia 14.563 Angola 14.164 Burkina Faso 13.4

Mali 13.466 Ecuador 13.2

Population: size and growth

16 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest populationsMillions, 2004

Largest populations1950 Millions 2050 Millions

1 China 555.02 India 358.03 United States 158.04 Russia 103.05 Japan 84.06 Indonesia 80.07 Germany 68.08 Brazil 54.09 United Kingdom 50.0

10 Italy 47.011 Bangladesh 42.0

France 42.013 Pakistan 37.0

Ukraine 37.0

1 India 1,592.72 China 1,392.33 United States 395.04 Pakistan 304.75 Indonesia 284.66 Nigeria 258.17 Brazil 253.18 Bangladesh 242.99 Congo-Kinshasa 177.3

10 Ethiopia 170.211 Mexico 139.012 Philippines 127.113 Uganda 127.014 Egypt 125.9

1 Uganda 375.72 Niger 304.83 Afghanistan 290.84 Burundi 263.45 Congo-Brazzaville 260.56 Chad 253.97 Guinea-Bissau 253.38 Congo-Kinshasa 225.79 Benin 220.3

10 Mali 213.411 Angola 208.512 Liberia 205.713 United Arab Emirates 193.514 Burkina Faso 191.815 Yemen 187.4

16 West Bank and Gaza 173.017 Togo 170.018 Guinea 167.419 Sierra Leone 165.420 Eritrea 160.521 Kenya 156.522 Mauritania 150.023 Iraq 145.924 Madagascar 143.025 Malawi 139.826 Ethiopia 135.127 Senegal 124.328 Equatorial Guinea 117.029 Rwanda 114.130 Qatar 110.0

POPULATION: SIZE AND GROWTH 17

Fastest growing populationsTotal growth, 2004–50, %

Slowest growing populationsTotal growth, 2004–50, %

Population change2004–50, millionsLargest increase Largest fall

1 Ukraine -45.22 Georgia -41.23 Bulgaria -34.64 Belarus -29.35 Virgin Islands -26.66 Latvia -26.17 Romania -24.78 Bosnia -23.89 Lithuania -23.5

10 Moldova -23.311 Russia -21.512 Slovenia -20.013 Armenia -19.414 Poland -17.415 Czech Republic -16.7

16 Croatia -15.917 Estonia -15.418 Hungary -15.319 Kazakhstan -14.920 Slovakia -14.821 Andorra -14.322 Cuba -14.223 Japan -12.224 Martinique -11.425 Italy -11.226 Lesotho -11.127 Serbia -10.528 Netherlands Antilles -10.329 Macedonia -9.530 Swaziland -9.1

1 India 511.52 Pakistan 147.43 Nigeria 131.04 Congo-Kinshasa 122.95 Uganda 100.36 United States 98.07 Ethiopia 97.88 Bangladesh 93.29 China 79.0

10 Afghanistan 72.4Brazil 72.4

12 Indonesia 62.013 Egypt 52.514 Kenya 50.7

1 Russia -30.62 Ukraine -21.83 Japan -15.64 Poland -6.75 Italy -6.46 Romania -5.57 Germany -3.78 South Korea -3.49 Belarus -2.9

10 Bulgaria -2.711 Kazakhstan -2.312 Georgia -2.113 Czech Republic -1.714 Cuba -1.6

Population: matters of breeding

18 WORLD RANKINGS

Births to women under 20, 2000–05Highest, % Lowest, %

1 Bangladesh 25Congo 25Liberia 25Nicaragua 25Niger 25

6 Guinea 247 Equatorial Guinea 23

Mali 23Uganda 23

10 Brazil 21Chad 21Côte d'Ivoire 21Nepal 21Sierra Leone 21Zimbabwe 21

16 Central African Rep 20Costa Rica 20Dominican Republic 20Gabon 20Guinea-Bissau 20Jamaica 20Nigeria 20Venezuela 20

1 China 1Japan 1Netherlands 1South Korea 1Switzerland 1

6 Algeria 2Belgium 2Denmark 2Hong Kong 2Italy 2Libya 2Luxembourg 2Norway 2Singapore 2Slovenia 2Sweden 2Tunisia 2

18 Cyprus 3Finland 3Greece 3Israel 3Macau 3Qatar 3Spain 3

Fertility rates, 2000–05Highest av. no. of children per woman Lowest av. no. of children per woman

1 Niger 7.912 Afghanistan 7.483 Guinea-Bissau 7.10

Uganda 7.105 Mali 6.926 Burundi 6.80

Liberia 6.808 Angola 6.759 Congo 6.70

10 Burkina Faso 6.6711 Chad 6.6512 Sierra Leone 6.5013 Somalia 6.4314 Congo-Brazzaville 6.2915 Yemen 6.2016 Malawi 6.1017 Guinea 5.9218 Equatorial Guinea 5.8919 Benin 5.87

Ethiopia 5.87

1 Macau 0.842 Hong Kong 0.943 Ukraine 1.124 Czech Republic 1.175 Slovakia 1.206 Slovenia 1.227 Moldova 1.23

South Korea 1.239 Belarus 1.24

Bulgaria 1.2411 Greece 1.2512 Latvia 1.26

Poland 1.26Romania 1.26

15 Spain 1.2716 Italy 1.28

Lithuania 1.2818 Hungary 1.3019 Bosnia 1.32

Germany 1.32

POPULATION: MATTERS OF BREEDING 19

Crude birth ratesAverage no. of live births per 1,000 population, 2000–05Highest Lowest

1 Niger 55.22 Angola 52.33 Somalia 52.14 Uganda 50.75 Congo 50.26 Liberia 50.07 Guinea-Bissau 49.9

Mali 49.99 Sierra Leone 49.6

10 Chad 48.411 Burkina Faso 47.812 Afghanistan 47.413 Yemen 45.014 Malawi 44.615 Burundi 44.2

Congo-Brazzaville 44.217 Rwanda 44.018 Equatorial Guinea 43.119 Guinea 42.920 Ethiopia 42.521 Zambia 42.222 Mauritania 41.823 Madagascar 41.624 Benin 41.5

1 Latvia 7.82 Bulgaria 7.93 Slovenia 8.34 Ukraine 8.45 Hong Kong 8.56 Austria 8.6

Russia 8.68 Estonia 8.7

Germany 8.7Switzerland 8.7

11 Belarus 8.8Czech Republic 8.8Hungary 8.8Italy 8.8Lithuania 8.8

16 Greece 9.117 Japan 9.218 Spain 9.319 Poland 9.620 Armenia 9.7

Bosnia 9.7Macau 9.7

23 Singapore 10.2Slovakia 10.2

Most male populations Most female populationsNumber of males per 100 females Number of males per 100 females

1 United Arab Emirates 2142 Qatar 2063 Kuwait 1504 Bahrain 1325 Oman 1286 Saudi Arabia 1177 Greenland 1138 Jordan 1089 Afghanistan 107

Andorra 107Brunei 107Faroe Islands 107Libya 107

14 China 106Pakistan 106Papua New Guinea 106

17 French Polynesia 105Guinea 105India 105New Caledonia 105Niger 105Taiwan 105

1 Latvia 842 Estonia 85

Ukraine 854 Armenia 87

Lesotho 87Lithuania 87Russia 87

8 Belarus 889 Hong Kong 89

Netherlands Antilles 8911 Aruba 90

Georgia 90Martinique 90

14 Hungary 91Virgin Islands 91

16 Kazakhstan 92Moldova 92Puerto Rico 92

19 Croatia 93Guadeloupe 93Macau 93Swaziland 93

1 Uganda 50.52 Niger 49.03 Mali 48.24 Guinea-Bissau 47.55 Chad 47.3

Congo-Kinshasa 47.3Malawi 47.3

8 Burkina Faso 47.29 Congo-Brazzaville 47.1

Liberia 47.111 Afghanistan 46.5

Angola 46.513 Yemen 46.414 Zambia 45.815 West Bank and Gaza 45.516 Burundi 45.017 Eritrea 44.818 Ethiopia 44.5

Population: age

20 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest median agea

Years, 2005Lowest median agea

Years, 2005

Highest populationaged 60 and over%, 2005

1 Japan 42.92 Italy 42.33 Germany 42.14 Finland 40.95 Switzerland 40.86 Austria 40.6

Belgium 40.6Bulgaria 40.6Croatia 40.6

10 Slovenia 40.211 Sweden 40.112 Channel Islands 39.7

Greece 39.714 Denmark 39.5

Latvia 39.516 Portugal 39.517 France 39.3

Netherlands 39.319 Czech Republic 39.0

Ukraine 39.0United Kingdom 39.0

22 Estonia 38.9Hong Kong 38.9

24 Hungary 38.825 Canada 38.6

Spain 38.6

1 Uganda 14.82 Niger 15.53 Mali 15.84 Burkina Faso 16.2

Guinea-Bissau 16.26 Chad 16.3

Congo-Kinshasa 16.3Congo-Brazzaville 16.3Liberia 16.3Malawi 16.3

11 Yemen 16.512 Angola 16.613 Afghanistan 16.7

Zambia 16.715 Burundi 17.016 West Bank and Gaza 17.117 Eritrea 17.418 Ethiopia 17.5

Nigeria 17.5Rwanda 17.5

21 Benin 17.6Equatorial Guinea 17.6

23 Mozambique 17.724 Madagascar 17.825 Kenya 17.9

Somalia 17.9Togo 17.9

a Age at which there are an equal number of people above and below.

Highest populationaged 0–14%, 2005

1 Japan 26.32 Italy 25.63 Germany 25.14 Sweden 23.45 Greece 23.06 Austria 22.77 Latvia 22.58 Belgium 22.4

Bulgaria 22.410 Portugal 22.311 Croatia 22.112 Switzerland 21.813 Estonia 21.614 Spain 21.415 Finland 21.316 United Kingdom 21.217 Denmark 21.1

France 21.1

POPULATION: MIGRANTS 21

Population: migrants

International migrantsa

m, 20051 United States 38.42 Russia 12.13 Germany 10.14 Ukraine 6.85 France 6.56 Saudi Arabia 6.47 Canada 6.1

8 India 5.79 United Kingdom 5.4

10 Spain 4.811 Australia 4.112 Pakistan 3.313 United Arab Emirates 3.214 Hong Kong 3.0

a Residing in a country other than where they were born.b Soviet Union.

% of world's total, 2005

1 United States 20.22 Russia 6.43 Germany 5.34 Ukraine 3.65 France 3.46 Saudi Arabia 3.37 Canada 3.2

8 India 3.09 United Kingdom 2.8

10 Spain 2.511 Australia 2.212 Pakistan 1.7

United Arab Emirates 1.714 Hong Kong 1.6

m, 1990

1 United States 23.32 Russia 11.53 India 7.44 Ukraine 7.15 Pakistan 6.66 France 5.97 Germany 5.9

8 Saudi Arabia 4.79 Canada 4.3

10 Australia 4.011 Iran 3.8

United Kingdom 3.813 Kazakhstan 3.614 Hong Kong 2.2

% of world's total, 1990

1 United States 15.02 Russia 7.43 India 4.84 Ukraine 4.65 Pakistan 4.26 France 3.8

Germany 3.8

8 Saudi Arabia 3.19 Canada 2.8

10 Australia 2.611 Iran 2.512 United Kingdom 2.413 Kazakhstan 2.314 Hong Kong 1.4

m, 1970

1 United States 9.72 India 9.13 France 5.24 Pakistan 5.15 Canada 3.3

6 Russiab 3.17 United Kingdom 2.98 Germany 2.69 Australia 2.5

10 Argentina 2.3

% of world's total, 1970

1 United States 11.92 India 11.23 France 6.44 Pakistan 6.3

5 Canada 4.06 Russiab 3.87 United Kingdom 3.68 Germany 3.2

Refugees and asylum seekersa

22 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Afghanistan 2,084.92 Sudan 730.63 Burundi 485.84 Congo-Kinshasa 462.25 Somalia 389.36 West Bank and Gaza 350.67 Vietnam 349.88 Liberia 335.59 Iraq 311.8

10 Azerbaijan 250.6

11 Serbia 237.012 Bosnia 229.313 Angola 228.814 Croatia 215.515 Turkey 174.616 Myanmar 161.017 China 134.718 Eritrea 131.119 Iran 115.120 Sri Lanka 114.1

1 Iran 1, 046.02 Pakistan 960.63 Germany 876.64 Tanzania 602.15 United States 420.96 China 299.47 United Kingdom 289.18 Serbia 276.79 Chad 259.9

10 Uganda 250.5

11 Saudi Arabia 240.612 Kenya 239.813 Armenia 235.214 Congo-Kinshasa 199.315 Zambia 173.916 Algeria 169.017 India 162.718 Sudan 141.619 Canada 141.420 France 139.9

Largest refugee nationalities’000, 2004

Countries with largest refugee populations’000, 2004

Origin of asylum applications to indust. countries’000, 2004

Asylum applications in industrialised countries’000, 2004

1 Russia 30.62 Serbia 22.43 China 20.14 Turkey 15.95 India 12.06 Nigeria 11.87 Pakistan 11.08 Iran 10.59 Iraq 9.9

10 Congo-Kinshasa 9.2

Somalia 9.212 Afghanistan 8.9

Georgia 8.914 Algeria 8.715 Haiti 8.316 Colombia 7.617 Bangladesh 6.418 Moldova 5.6

Sri Lanka 5.620 Bosnia 5.4

1 France 58.62 United States 52.43 United Kingdom 40.64 Germany 35.65 Canada 25.86 Austria 24.67 Sweden 23.28 Belgium 15.49 Switzerland 14.3

10 Slovakia 11.411 Cyprus 9.912 Netherlands 9.813 Italy 9.714 Poland 8.115 Norway 8.016 Czech Republic 5.5

Spain 5.518 Ireland 4.8

a As reported by UNHCR.

CITY LIVING 23

Biggest citiesa

Population m, 20051 Tokyo, Japan 35.32 Mexico City, Mexico 19.03 New York, USA 18.54 Mumbai, India 18.3

Sao Paulo, Brazil 18.36 Delhi, India 15.37 Kolkata, India 14.38 Buenos Aires, Argentina13.39 Jakarta, Indonesia 13.2

10 Shanghai, China 12.711 Dhaka, Bangladesh 12.612 Los Angeles, USA 12.113 Karachi, Pakistan 11.814 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 11.515 Osaka, Japan 11.3

City living

a Urban agglomerations. Data may change from year-to-year based on reassessmentsof agglomeration boundaries.

b Urban agglomerations of more than 750,000.

Fastest growing citiesb

Average annual growth, 2005–10, %

16 Cairo, Egypt 11.117 Lagos, Nigeria 11.118 Beijing, China 10.819 Manila, Philippines 10.7

Moscow, Russia 10.721 Paris, France 9.922 Istanbul, Turkey 9.823 Seoul, South Korea 9.624 Tianjin, China 9.325 Chicago, USA 8.726 Lima, Peru 8.227 Bogota, Colombia 7.6

London, UK 7.629 Tehran, Iran 7.430 Hong Kong, Hong Kong 7.2

1 Niamey, Niger 5.712 Kabul, Afghanistan 5.393 Ghaziabad, India 5.284 Surat, India 5.085 Sana'a, Yemen 4.876 Lagos, Nigeria 4.637 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4.56

Lubumbashi, Congo-Kinshasa 4.56

9 Bamako, Mali 4.5210 Faridabad, India 4.4611 Kinshasa, Congo 4.3212 Chittagong, Bangladesh 4.2913 Toluca, Mexico 4.1214 Luanda, Angola 4.11

15 Santa Cruz, Bolivia 4.0316 Nairobi, Kenya 4.0017 Kampala, Uganda 3.9118 Nashik, India 3.8819 Conakry, Guinea 3.76

Dhaka, Bangladesh 3.76Maputo, Mozambique 3.76

22 Patna, India 3.6923 Antananarivo, Madag. 3.6124 Rajkot, India 3.5925 Jaipur, India 3.5726 Freetown, Sierra Leone 3.5527 Ouagadougou,

Burkina Faso 3.5328 Delhi, India 3.46

Slowest growing citiesb

Average annual growth, 2005–10, %1 Dongguan, China -2.752 Datong, China -0.923 Riga, Latvia -0.87

Tbilisi, Georgia -0.875 Chelyabinsk, Russia -0.85

Ekaterninburg, Russia -0.85Nizhni Novgorod, Russia -0.85Novosibirsk, Russia -0.85Omsk, Russia -0.85Perm, Russia -0.85Samara, Russia -0.85

Saratov, Russia -0.85Ufa, Russia -0.85Voronezh, Russia -0.85

15 Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine -0.64Donetsk, Ukraine -0.64Kharvov, Ukraine -0.64Odessa, Ukraine -0.64Zaporozhye, Ukraine -0.64

20 Taipei, Taiwan -0.6121 Yerevan, Armenia -0.5622 Seoul, South Korea -0.48

15 Brazzaville, Congo-Braz. 29.4Panama City, Panama 29.4

17 Auckland, New Zealand 29.318 Lima, Peru 29.219 Asunción, Paraguay 28.420 Tokyo, Japan 27.621 Athens, Greece 27.522 Vienna, Austria 27.023 San José, Costa Rica 26.524 Dublin, Ireland 25.625 Port au Prince, Haiti 24.526 Amman, Jordan 22.527 Baghdad, Iraq 22.328 San Salvador, El Salv. 21.9

24 WORLD RANKINGS

Population living in urban areasHighest, %, 2005 Lowest, %, 2005

1 Bermuda 100.0Cayman Islands 100.0Hong Kong 100.0Singapore 100.0

5 Guadeloupe 99.86 Macau 98.97 Puerto Rico 97.58 Belgium 97.39 Kuwait 96.4

10 Martinique 96.211 Virgin Islands 94.112 Guam 94.013 Iceland 93.0

Uruguay 93.015 Australia 92.716 Luxembourg 92.417 Qatar 92.3

Réunion 92.319 Malta 92.120 Israel 91.721 Andorra 91.322 Argentina 90.623 Bahrain 90.224 Bahamas 90.025 United Kingdom 89.226 Germany 88.5

Saudi Arabia 88.528 Venezuela 88.129 Lebanon 88.030 Chile 87.7

1 Bhutan 9.12 Burundi 10.63 Uganda 12.44 Papua New Guinea 13.25 Nepal 15.86 Ethiopia 16.27 Malawi 17.28 Lesotho 18.29 Burkina Faso 18.6

10 Cambodia 19.711 Eritrea 20.812 Sri Lanka 21.013 Laos 21.614 Rwanda 21.815 Niger 23.316 Swaziland 23.917 Tajikistan 24.218 Afghanistan 24.319 Bangladesh 25.020 Chad 25.821 Gambia, The 26.122 Yemen 26.323 Vietnam 26.724 Madagascar 27.025 India 28.726 Channel Islands 30.527 Myanmar 30.628 Thailand 32.529 Congo-Kinshasa 32.730 Namibia 33.5

1 Hong Kong, Hong Kong100.0Singapore, Singapore 100.0

3 San Juan, Puerto Rico 60.24 Beirut, Lebanon 49.95 Kuwait City, Kuwait 45.96 Tel Aviv, Israel 45.37 Montevideo, Uruguay 39.18 Tripoli, Libya 36.39 Yerevan, Armenia 35.0

10 Santiago, Chile 34.711 Buenos Aires, Argentina 34.012 Dubai, UAE 33.013 Riga, Latvia 31.714 Ulan Bator, Mongolia 31.6

Highest proportion of a country's population residing ina single citya

%, 2005

a Urban agglomerations over 750,000.

CITY LIVING 25

Highest quality of lifea

New York=100, Nov. 2005

1 Zurich, Switzerland 108.02 Geneva, Switzerland 108.13 Vancouver, Canada 107.74 Vienna, Austria 107.55 Auckland, New Zealand 107.36 Dusseldorf, Germany 107.27 Frankfurt, Germany 107.08 Munich, Germany 106.89 Bern, Switzerland 106.5

Sydney, Australia 106.511 Copenhagen, Denmark106.212 Wellington, New Zealand105.813 Amsterdam, Netherlands105.714 Brussels, Belgium 105.615 Toronto, Canada 105.416 Berlin, Germany 105.117 Melbourne, Australia 105.018 Luxembourg, Lux. 104.8

Ottawa, Canada 104.820 Stockholm, Sweden 104.7

21 Perth, Australia 104.522 Montreal, Canada 104.323 Nurnberg, Germany 104.124 Dublin, Ireland 103.825 Calgary, Canada 103.626 Hamburg, Germany 103.427 Honolulu, USA 104.328 San Francisco, USA 103.229 Adelaide, Australia 103.1

Helsinki, Finland 103.131 Brisbane, Australia 102.8

Oslo, Norway 102.833 Paris, France 102.734 Singapore, Singapore 102.535 Tokyo, Japan 102.336 Boston, USA 101.937 Lyon, France 101.6

Yokohama, Japan 101.639 London, UK 101.240 Kobe, Japan 101.0

Lowest quality of lifea

New York=100, Nov. 2005

a Index based on 39 factors ranging from recreation to political stability.

20 Bamako, Mali 43.921 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 44.222 Lome, Togo 44.323 Baku, Azerbaijan 44.824 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire 46.025 Kazan, Russia 47.026 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 47.427 Novosibirsk, Russia 48.228 Havana, Cuba 48.7

Maputo, Mozambique 48.730 Douala, Cameroon 48.931 Yangon, Myanmar 49.332 Minsk, Belarus 49.533 Almaty, Kazakhstan 49.834 Yaoundé, Cameroon 51.135 San Pedro Sula,

Honduras 51.336 Tirana, Albania 51.737 Algiers, Algeria 52.638 Tripoli, Libya 53.539 Tehran, Iran 54.140 Cotonou, Benin 54.2

1 Baghdad, Iraq 14.52 Brazzaville, Congo-Braz.30.33 Bangui, Cen. Afr. Rep 30.64 Khartoum, Sudan 31.75 Pointe Noire,

Congo-Brazzaville 33.96 Ndjamena, Chad 37.27 Sana'a, Yemen 38.2

Port Harcourt, Nigeria 38.2Nouakchott, Mauritania38.2

10 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 40.5

11 Kinshasa, Congo-Kinshasa 40.7

12 Port au Prince, Haiti 41.1Niamey, Niger 41.1Antananarivo, Madagascar 41.1

15 Conakry, Guinea 41.216 Dhaka, Bangladesh 41.517 Lagos, Nigeria 41.818 Tashkent, Uzbekistan 43.019 Luanda, Angola 43.4

1 United States 11,711.8 2 Japan 4,622.8 3 Germany 2,740.6 4 United Kingdom 2,124.4 5 Francea 2,046.6 6 China 1,931.7 7 Italy 1,677.8 8 Spain 1,039.9 9 Canada 978.0

10 India 691.2 11 South Korea 679.7 12 Mexico 676.5 13 Australia 637.3 14 Brazil 604.0 15 Russia 581.4 16 Netherlands 579.0 17 Switzerland 357.5 18 Belgium 352.3 19 Sweden 346.4 20 Taiwan 305.3 21 Turkey 302.8 22 Austria 292.3 23 Indonesia 257.6 24 Saudi Arabia 250.6 25 Norway 250.1

26 Poland 242.3 27 Denmark 241.4 28 South Africa 212.8 29 Greece 205.2 30 Finland 185.9 31 Ireland 181.6 32 Portugal 167.7 33 Iran 163.4 34 Hong Kong 163.0 35 Thailand 161.7 36 Argentina 153.0 37 Malaysia 118.3 38 Israel 116.9 39 Venezuela 110.1 40 Czech Republic 107.0 41 Singapore 106.8 42 United Arab Emirates 104.2 43 Hungary 100.7 44 New Zealand 98.9 45 Colombia 97.7 46 Pakistan 96.1 47 Chile 94.1 48 Algeria 84.6

Philippines 84.6 50 Egypt 78.8

The world economy

26 WORLD RANKINGS

Biggest economiesGDP, $bn

Biggest economies by purchasing powerGDP PPP, $bn

1 United States 11,651.1 2 China 7,642.3 3 Japan 3,737.3 4 India 3,389.7 5 Germany 2,335.5 6 United Kingdom 1,845.2 7 France 1,769.2 8 Italy 1,622.4 9 Brazil 1,507.1

10 Russia 1,424.4 11 Spain 1,069.3 12 Mexico 1,017.5 13 Canada 999.6 14 South Korea 985.6 15 Indonesia 785.2 16 Taiwan 615.2 17 Australia 610.0 18 Turkey 556.1 19 Netherlands 517.6 20 Thailand 515.3

21 Argentina 510.3 22 South Africa 509.3 23 Iran 504.2 24 Poland 495.4 25 Philippines 376.6 26 Pakistan 338.4 27 Saudi Arabia 331.1 28 Colombia 325.9 29 Belgium 324.1 30 Egypt 305.9 31 Ukraine 303.4 32 Sweden 265.6 33 Austria 263.8 34 Bangladesh 260.4 35 Malaysia 255.8 36 Greece 245.5 37 Switzerland 244.1 38 Vietnam 225.5 39 Algeria 213.7 40 Hong Kong 212.1

Note: For list of all countries with their GDP see pages 248–252.a Includes overseas departments.

a Excludes Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.b Includes Russia and other CIS, Turkey and Malta.c IMF definition.

World 41,250 Advanced economies 32,430 G7 25,970 Euro area 9,600 Asiaa 3,470 Latin America 2,020 Eastern Europeb 1,810 Middle East 840 Africa 690

THE WORLD ECONOMY 27

Regional GDP$bn, 2004 % annual growth 1999–2004

World 100.0Advanced economies 54.6G7 43.0Euro area 15.3Asiaa 24.6Latin America 7.5Eastern Europeb 7.2Middle East 2.8Africa 3.3

Regional purchasing powerGDP, % of total $ per head

Advanced economies 15.4G7 11.4Euro area 4.9Asiaa 52.1Latin America 8.5Eastern Europeb 7.4Middle East 4.0Africa 12.5

Regional population% of total (6.4bn) No. of countriesc

Advanced economies 71.6G7 42.3Euro area 31.3Asiaa 11.1Latin America 4.2Eastern Europeb 7.0Middle East 3.9Africa 2.2

World 4.0Advanced economies 2.4G7 2.2Euro area 1.9Asiaa 7.5Latin America 2.4Eastern Europeb 5.9Middle East 5.0Africa 4.2

World 8,920 Advanced economies 31,580 G7 33,430 Euro area 27,960 Asiaa 4,560 Latin America 7,980 Eastern Europeb 8,630 Middle East 6,340 Africa 2,390

Advanced economies 29G7 7Euro area 12Asiaa 23Latin America 33Eastern Europeb 28Middle East 14Africa 48

Advanced economies -283.9G7 -438.8Euro area 75.2Asiaa 94.7Latin America 17.7Eastern Europeb 3.2Middle East 103.4Africa 0.9

Regional international tradeExports of goods and services, % of tot. Current account balances, $bn

a Estimate. b 2003 c 2002 d 2001

1 Luxembourg 69,420 2 Bermudaa 69,230 3 Channel Islandsab 61,900 4 Norway 54,360 5 Switzerland 49,660 6 Ireland 45,410 7 Denmark 44,710 8 Iceland 41,910 9 United States 39,430

10 Sweden 38,920 11 Japan 36,170 12 Austria 36,090 13 United Kingdom 35,760 14 Finland 35,750 15 Netherlands 35,740 16 Belgium 34,210 17 France 33,890 18 United Arab Emirates 33,610 19 Germany 33,220 20 Qatar 33,000 21 Cayman Islandsa 32,350 22 Australia 32,030 23 Canada 30,850 24 Italy 29,280 25 Aruba 26,410 26 Andorraa 26,290 27 New Zealand 25,370 28 Spain 25,300 29 Singapore 24,840 30 Hong Kong 22,960 31 Virgin Islandsac 22,940 32 Kuwait 21,430 33 Faroe Islandsad 21,280 34 Greenlandad 19,640 35 Cyprus 19,080

36 Bruneiab 18,690 37 Greece 18,660 38 French Polynesiaab 18,470 39 Israel 17,710 40 Puerto Rico 17,410 41 Portugal 16,610 42 Bahamas 16,590 43 Slovenia 16,090 44 Martiniqueab 15,490 45 Netherlands Antillesa 15,470 46 Macau 15,200 47 Guama 15,150 48 Bahrain 14,900 49 South Korea 14,160 50 New Caledoniaab 13,550 51 Taiwan 13,450 52 Malta 13,430 53 Czech Republic 10,490 54 Barbados 10,320 55 Hungary 10,270 56 Saudi Arabia 10,060 57 Trinidad & Tobago 9,650 58 Estonia 8,650 59 Oman 8,370 60 Guadeloupeab 7,930 61 Croatia 7,800 62 Slovakia 7,610 63 Lithuania 6,550 64 Mexico 6,450 65 Equatorial Guinea 6,380 66 Poland 6,280 67 Réuniona 6,270 68 Latvia 5,900 69 Chile 5,880

Lebanon 5,880

Living standards

28 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Burundi 902 Ethiopia 1103 Congo-Kinshasa 1204 Liberia 1405 Malawi 1506 Myanmara 1607 Guinea-Bissau 1908 Sierra Leone 2109 Eritrea 220

Rwanda 220

11 Afghanistan 23012 Madagascar 24013 Niger 25014 Nepal 260

Uganda 26016 Gambia, The 28017 Bhutan 290

Tanzania 29019 Mozambique 32020 Tajikistan 330

Highest GDP per head$

Lowest GDP per head$

1 Somaliaa 1.22 Sierra Leone 1.43 Malawi 1.64 Burundi 1.7

Tanzania 1.76 Congo-Kinshasa 1.8

Guinea-Bissau 1.88 Ethiopia 1.99 Afghanistan 2.0

Niger 2.0

11 Madagascar 2.2Yemen 2.2

13 Liberiaa 2.314 West Bank and Gazaab 2.4

Zambia 2.416 Congo-Brazzaville 2.5

Eritrea 2.5Mali 2.5

19 Benin 2.720 Central African Rep 2.8

LIVING STANDARDS 29

Lowest purchasing powerGDP per head in PPP (USA = 100)

Note: for definition of purchasing power parity see page 247.a Estimate. b 2003 c 2001 d 2002

1 Luxembourg 176.32 Bermudaa 174.53 Channel Islandsab 156.04 United States 100.05 Ireland 97.96 Norway 96.97 Iceland 83.3

Switzerland 83.39 Cayman Islandsa 81.5

10 Austria 81.311 Denmark 80.412 Netherlands 80.113 Canada 78.814 Belgium 78.415 Hong Kong 77.7

United Kingdom 77.717 Australia 76.418 Finland 75.519 Sweden 74.520 France 73.821 Japan 73.722 Germany 71.323 Italy 71.024 Singapore 70.825 Taiwan 68.326 Andorraa 66.327 Qatara 65.828 Spain 63.129 Puerto Ricoc 62.830 Israel 61.531 United Arab Emirates 60.632 New Zealand 59.033 Virgin Islandsad 57.834 Cyprus 57.535 Greece 56.0

36 Macaua 55.437 Aruba 54.938 Faroe Islandsac 53.639 Slovenia 52.840 Bahrain 52.341 South Korea 51.742 Greenlandac 49.543 Portugal 49.544 Czech Republic 48.9

Kuwait 48.946 Equatorial Guineac 48.747 Malta 47.648 Bruneiab 47.149 French Polynesiaab 46.550 Bahamas 44.251 Hungary 42.452 Barbados 40.953 Martiniqueab 39.0

Netherlands Antillesa 39.055 Oman 38.556 Guama 38.257 Slovakia 36.958 Estonia 36.759 Saudi Arabia 34.860 New Caledoniaab 34.261 Argentina 33.562 Lithuania 33.063 Poland 32.764 Croatia 30.7

Trinidad & Tobago 30.766 Mauritius 30.367 Latvia 29.468 South Africa 28.269 Chile 27.470 Malaysia 25.9

Highest purchasing powerGDP per head in PPP (USA = 100)

The quality of life

30 WORLD RANKINGS

Human development indexa

Highest

Human development indexa

Lowest

1 Norway 96.32 Iceland 95.63 Australia 95.54 Canada 94.9

Luxembourg 94.9Sweden 94.9

7 Switzerland 94.78 Ireland 94.69 Belgium 94.5

10 United States 94.411 Japan 94.3

Netherlands 94.313 Denmark 94.1

Finland 94.115 United Kingdom 93.916 France 93.817 Austria 93.618 Italy 93.419 New Zealand 93.320 Germany 93.021 Spain 92.822 Hong Kong 91.623 Israel 91.524 Greece 91.225 Singapore 90.726 Portugal 90.4

Slovenia 90.428 South Korea 90.129 Cyprus 89.130 Barbados 87.8

31 Czech Republic 87.432 Malta 86.733 Brunei 86.634 Argentina 86.335 Hungary 86.236 Poland 85.837 Chile 85.438 Estonia 85.339 Lithuania 85.240 Qatar 84.9

Slovakia 84.9United Arab Emirates 84.9

43 Bahrain 84.644 Kuwait 84.445 Croatia 84.146 Uruguay 84.047 Costa Rica 83.848 Latvia 83.649 Bahamas 83.250 Cuba 81.751 Mexico 81.452 Bulgaria 80.853 Panama 80.454 Trinidad & Tobago 80.155 Libya 79.956 Macedonia 79.757 Malaysia 79.658 Russia 79.559 Brazil 79.2

Romania 79.2

1 Niger 28.12 Sierra Leone 29.83 Burkina Faso 31.74 Mali 33.35 Chad 34.16 Guinea-Bissau 34.87 Central African Rep 35.58 Ethiopia 36.79 Burundi 37.8

10 Mozambique 37.911 Congo-Kinshasa 38.512 Zambia 39.413 Malawi 40.414 Tanzania 41.815 Côte d'Ivoire 42.016 Benin 43.117 Eritrea 44.418 Angola 44.5

a GDP or GDP per head is often taken as a measure of how developed a country is, but itsusefulness is limited as it refers only to economic welfare. In 1990 the UN Develop-ment Programme published its first estimate of a Human Development Index, whichcombined statistics on two other indicators – adult literacy and life expectancy – withincome levels to give a better, though still far from perfect, indicator of humandevelopment. In 1991 average years of schooling was combined with adult literacy togive a knowledge variable. The HDI is shown here scaled from 0 to 100; countriesscoring over 80 are considered to have high human development, those scoring from50 to 79 medium and those under 50 low.

THE QUALITY OF LIFE 31

Economic freedom indexb

1 Hong Kong 1.282 Singapore 1.563 Ireland 1.584 Luxembourg 1.605 Iceland 1.74

United Kingdom 1.747 Estonia 1.758 Denmark 1.789 Australia 1.84

New Zealand 1.84United States 1.84

12 Canada 1.85Finland 1.85

14 Chile 1.8815 Switzerland 1.8916 Cyprus 1.90

Netherlands 1.9018 Austria 1.9519 Germany 1.96

Sweden 1.96

21 Czech Republic 2.1022 Belgium 2.1123 Lithuania 2.1424 Malta 2.1625 Bahrain 2.2326 Barbados 2.2527 Armenia 2.26

Bahamas 2.26Japan 2.26

30 Botswana 2.29Norway 2.29Portugal 2.29

33 Spain 2.3334 El Salvador 2.35

Slovakia 2.3536 Israel 2.3637 Taiwan 2.3838 Slovenia 2.4139 Latvia 2.4340 Hungary 2.44

Gender-related development indexc

1 Norway 96.02 Australia 95.43 Iceland 95.34 Sweden 94.75 Canada 94.6

Switzerland 94.67 Luxembourg 94.48 United States 94.29 Belgium 94.1

10 Finland 94.011 Ireland 93.9

Netherlands 93.913 Denmark 93.814 Japan 93.7

United Kingdom 93.716 France 93.517 New Zealand 92.918 Italy 92.819 Austria 92.6

Germany 92.6

21 Spain 92.222 Hong Kong 91.223 Israel 91.124 Greece 90.725 Slovenia 90.126 Portugal 90.027 South Korea 89.628 Cyprus 88.429 Barbados 87.630 Czech Republic 87.231 Hungary 86.032 Malta 85.833 Poland 85.634 Argentina 85.435 Estonia 85.236 Lithuania 85.137 Slovakia 84.738 Chile 84.639 Kuwait 84.3

b Ranks countries on the basis of ten indicators of how government intervention canrestrict the economic relations between individuals. The economic indicators,published by the Heritage Foundation, are trade policy, taxation, monetary policy,the banking system, foreign-investment rules, property rights, the amount ofeconomic output consumed by the government, regulation policy, the size of theblack market and the extent of wage and price controls. A country can score between1 and 5 in each category, 1 being the most free and 5 being the least free.

c Combines similar data to the HDI (and also published by the UNDP) to give anindicator of the disparities in human development between men and women inindividual countries. The lower the index, the greater the disparity.

Economic growth

32 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Equatorial Guinea 20.92 Bosnia 17.43 Liberia 12.84 Rwanda 10.25 China 9.16 Myanmar 8.27 Mozambique 8.08 Ireland 7.99 Armenia 7.6

10 Angola 7.411 Vietnam 7.312 Chad 7.013 Cambodia 6.914 Uganda 6.715 Bhutan 6.6

United Arab Emirates 6.617 Azerbaijan 6.318 Laos 6.2

Sudan 6.220 India 6.121 Estonia 6.0

Mongolia 6.023 Albania 5.9

Georgia 5.925 Botswana 5.8

Mali 5.827 Latvia 5.628 Trinidad & Tobago 5.529 Lithuania 5.430 Dominican Republic 5.3

Yemen 5.332 Bangladesh 5.2

Belize 5.234 Ethiopia 5.1

Malaysia 5.1Singapore 5.1Tanzania 5.1

38 Benin 4.9Mauritius 4.9South Korea 4.9

41 Bahrain 4.8Belarus 4.8Luxembourg 4.8Mauritania 4.8Tunisia 4.8

46 Burkina Faso 4.7Chile 4.7Egypt 4.7

49 Malawi 4.6Senegal 4.6

Highest economic growth, 1994–2004Average annual % increase in real GDP

Lowest economic growth, 1994–2004Average annual % change in real GDP

1 West Bank and Gaza -2.82 Zimbabwe -1.93 Sierra Leone -0.84 Congo-Kinshasa -0.75 Turkmenistan -0.46 Burundi -0.1

Guinea-Bissau -0.1Haiti 0.1

9 Papua New Guinea 0.410 Barbados 0.8

Jamaica 0.8Uruguay 0.8

13 Venezuela 1.014 Argentina 1.1

Ukraine 1.116 Japan 1.217 Central African Republic 1.318 Moldova 1.4

Switzerland 1.420 Germany 1.5

Macedonia 1.5

Paraguay 1.523 Italy 1.6

New Caledonia 1.625 Bulgaria 1.726 Austria 2.1

Colombia 2.1Côte d'Ivoire 2.1Denmark 2.1Eritrea 2.1Macau 2.1

32 Bahamas 2.2Belgium 2.2Gabon 2.2

35 France 2.3French Polynesia 2.3

37 Brazil 2.4Ecuador 2.4Fiji 2.4Netherlands 2.4Romania 2.4

1 China 10.32 Thailand 9.03 South Korea 8.54 Botswana 8.15 Taiwan 8.06 Belize 7.97 Singapore 7.78 Chile 7.49 Macau 7.2

10 Indonesia 7.0

Malaysia 7.012 Bhutan 6.613 Swaziland 6.514 Mauritius 6.415 New Caledonia 6.316 Hong Kong 6.017 Vietnam 5.918 Luxembourg 5.819 Cyprus 5.6

Papua New Guinea 5.6

ECONOMIC GROWTH 33

Highest economic growth, 1984–94Average annual % increase in real GDP

Lowest economic growth, 1984–94Average annual % increase in real GDP

Highest services growth, 1994–2004a

Average annual % increase in real terms

Lowest services growth, 1994–2004a

Average annual % increase in real terms

1 Liberia -20.62 Georgia -13.93 Tajikistan -8.14 Moldova -7.95 Rwanda -6.26 Latvia -4.57 Congo-Kinshasa -3.78 Estonia -3.59 Romania -2.6

10 Haiti -2.0Sierra Leone -2.0

12 Nicaragua -1.813 Albania -1.7

Cameroon -1.715 Angola -1.416 Trinidad & Tobago -1.217 Hungary -1.118 Slovakia -1.019 Bulgaria -0.620 Congo-Brazzaville -0.521 Suriname 0.022 Central African Rep 0.2

1 Bosnia 20.22 Georgia 14.13 Armenia 10.54 Rwanda 10.05 China 9.66 Equatorial Guinea 9.47 India 8.48 Burkina Faso 8.2

9 Uganda 7.810 United Arab Emirates 7.711 Iran 7.1

Mauritania 7.113 Ethiopia 6.9

Laos 6.915 Albania 6.716 Cambodia 6.6

1 Congo-Kinshasa -10.22 Central African Rep -5.13 Zimbabwe -2.24 Turkmenistan -1.55 Burundi -0.66 West Bank and Gaza -0.27 Ukraine 0.28 Paraguay 0.4

9 Bulgaria 0.510 Papua New Guinea 0.611 Uruguay 0.8

Venezuela 0.813 Argentina 1.114 Haiti 1.215 Brazil 1.3

Switzerland 1.3

a Or nearest available years.Note: Rankings of highest industrial growth 1994-2004 can be found on page 46 andhighest agricultural growth on page 49.

Trading places

34 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Euro area 17.032 United States 12.063 Germany 9.334 United Kingdom 6.205 Japan 5.916 China 5.337 France 5.088 Italy 3.859 Netherlands 3.49

10 Canada 3.2111 Belgium 2.6912 South Korea 2.4313 Spain 2.3514 Switzerland 1.9915 Russia 1.69

Taiwan 1.6917 Mexico 1.6318 Ireland 1.5319 Sweden 1.5220 Austria 1.4221 Singapore 1.2222 Malaysia 1.16

23 India 1.1424 Saudi Arabia 1.0725 Australia 1.0026 Denmark 0.98

Hong Kong 0.9828 Norway 0.9629 Thailand 0.9330 Brazil 0.8831 Luxembourg 0.8532 Poland 0.77

United Arab Emirates 0.7734 Turkey 0.7435 Indonesia 0.7236 Finland 0.6437 Czech Republic 0.6238 Hungary 0.5339 South Africa 0.4740 Portugal 0.4641 Puerto Rico 0.4342 Israel 0.4243 Greece 0.4144 Iran 0.38

Biggest exporters% of total world exports (visible & invisible)

Most trade dependent Least trade dependent Trade as % of GDP a Trade as % of GDP a

1 Aruba 152.02 Iraq 151.43 Liberia 115.34 Equatorial Guinea 102.05 Malaysia 95.46 Singapore 84.97 Swaziland 80.48 Lesotho 76.59 United Arab Emirates 73.9

10 Suriname 68.611 Puerto Rico 68.512 Belgium 68.313 Belarus 65.314 Congo-Brazzaville 64.715 Czech Republic 62.916 Vietnam 62.717 Bahrain 62.518 Estonia 61.919 Faroe Islands 61.820 Qatar 59.021 Malta 58.5

1 North Korea 4.92 Somalia 9.53 Rwanda 9.64 United States 9.85 Japan 10.26 Central African Rep 10.37 Bermuda 11.08 Cuba 11.79 Brazil 13.2

10 Euro area 14.111 Hong Kong 14.512 Australia 15.1

Niger 15.114 Greece 15.415 Pakistan 15.716 Uganda 15.917 Tanzania 16.018 Peru 16.319 Burkina Faso 16.620 Cameroon 16.721 Colombia 16.9

Notes: The figures are drawn from balance of payment statistics and, therefore, havediffering technical definitions from trade statistics taken from customs or similarsources. The invisible trade figures do not show some countries due to unavailable data.For Hong Kong and Singapore, domestic exports and retained imports only are used.

1 Euro area 15.612 Germany 10.113 United States 9.024 China 6.605 Japan 5.996 France 4.687 Italy 3.928 United Kingdom 3.899 Canada 3.67

10 Chile 3.5611 Netherlands 3.3812 South Korea 2.8713 Belgium 2.7314 Mexico 2.0915 Spain 2.0516 Russia 2.0417 Taiwan 1.9218 Switzerland 1.5419 Malaysia 1.4120 Saudi Arabia 1.4021 Sweden 1.3922 Austria 1.2523 Ireland 1.11

24 Singapore 1.1025 India 1.0926 Brazil 1.07

Thailand 1.0728 United Arab Emirates 1.0129 Australia 0.9730 Norway 0.9231 Poland 0.9132 Denmark 0.8333 Indonesia 0.8034 Czech Republic 0.74

Turkey 0.7436 Finland 0.6837 Hungary 0.6238 Puerto Rico 0.6139 South Africa 0.5440 Iran 0.4941 Philippines 0.43

Venezuela 0.4343 Israel 0.4144 Portugal 0.4145 Argentina 0.3846 Ukraine 0.37

TRADING PLACES 35

Biggest visible traders% of world visible exports

Biggest invisible traders% of world invisible exports

1 Euro area 19.262 United States 18.303 United Kingdom 11.124 Germany 6.985 France 5.686 Japan 5.367 Netherlands 3.548 Italy 3.489 Switzerland 2.92

10 Spain 2.9011 Hong Kong 2.6512 Belgium 2.4313 Ireland 2.40

Luxembourg 2.4015 China 2.1116 Canada 1.9617 Austria 1.72

Sweden 1.7219 Singapore 1.4420 South Korea 1.2721 Denmark 1.2522 India 1.1723 Taiwan 1.04

24 Australia 1.0025 Norway 0.9826 Greece 0.9227 Russia 0.7828 Turkey 0.6829 Thailand 0.5630 Portugal 0.5431 Malaysia 0.5332 Finland 0.5133 Indonesia 0.48

Mexico 0.4835 Israel 0.4436 Brazil 0.40

Poland 0.4038 Egypt 0.3839 Czech Republic 0.3240 Hungary 0.29

South Africa 0.2942 Lebanon 0.2843 Croatia 0.26

Kuwait 0.2645 Saudi Arabia 0.2546 New Zealand 0.24

a Average of imports plus exports of goods as % of GDP.

Balance of payments: current account

36 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Japan 172,060 2 Germany 103,770 3 China 68,659 4 Switzerland 60,246 5 Russia 59,935 6 Saudi Arabia 51,488 7 Norway 34,445 8 Singapore 27,897 9 South Korea 27,613

10 Sweden 27,485 11 Netherlands 23,172 12 Canada 22,000 13 Kuwait 18,884 14 Taiwan 18,658 15 Hong Kong 16,357 16 Malaysia 14,770 17 Belgium 14,011 18 Venezuela 13,830 19 Nigeria 12,264 20 Brazil 11,738 21 Algeria 11,120 22 United Arab Emirates 10,096 23 Qatar 7,552 24 Finland 7,529 25 Thailand 7,080

26 Ukraine 6,804 27 Denmark 5,941 28 Macau 4,163 29 Iran 3,989 30 Egypt 3,922 31 Brunei 3,879 32 Libya 3,705 33 Argentina 3,353 34 Indonesia 3,108 35 Luxembourg 2,709 36 Philippines 2,080 37 Israel 1,474 38 Dominican Republic 1,399 39 Chile 1,390 40 Uzbekistan 989 41 Trinidad & Tobagoa 985 42 Morocco 922 43 Austria 765 44 Angola 686 45 Gabona 575 46 Namibia 573 47 Kazakhstan 533 48 Botswana 483 49 Oman 443 50 Bahrain 415

a 2000 b 2002

Largest surpluses$m

Largest deficits$m

1 United States -668,070 2 Spain -49,225 3 United Kingdom -41,880 4 Australia -39,658 5 Turkey -15,543 6 Italy -15,137 7 Greece -13,148 8 India -12,948 9 Portugal -12,682

10 Iraq -12,218 11 Poland -10,357 12 Hungary -8,812 13 Mexico -7,409 14 South Africa -6,892 15 New Zealand -6,199 16 Czech Republic -5,595 17 Romania -5,589 18 France -4,830 19 Lebanon -4,797 20 Azerbaijan -2,589

21 Bulgaria -2,053 22 Serbiaa -2,005 23 Bosnia -1,918 24 Latvia -1,673 25 Croatia -1,641 26 Lithuania -1,590 27 Slovakia -1,447 28 Estonia -1,432 29 Ireland -1,423 30 Guatemala -1,188 31 Panama -1,104 32 Iceland -1,055 33 Belarus -1,043 34 Colombia -952 35 Cuba -915 36 Cyprus -915 37 Sudan -871 38 Costa Rica -832 39 Pakistan -808 40 Nicaragua -772

1 Macau 61.52 Brunei 56.73 Qatar 37.04 Kuwait 33.95 Singapore 26.16 Saudi Arabia 20.57 Nigeria 17.08 Switzerland 16.99 Norway 13.8

10 Algeria 13.111 Libya 12.712 Venezuela 12.613 Malaysia 12.514 Ukraine 10.515 Russia 10.316 Hong Kong 10.0

Namibia 10.018 United Arab Emirates 9.719 Luxembourg 8.520 Uzbekistan 8.321 Gabona 8.022 Sweden 7.9

Trinidad & Tobagoa 7.924 Dominican Republic 7.525 Taiwan 6.1

26 Botswana 5.427 Egypt 5.028 Swaziland 4.829 Thailand 4.430 South Korea 4.131 Belgium 4.0

Finland 4.0Netherlands 4.0

34 Eritrea 3.935 Bahrain 3.8

Germany 3.837 Japan 3.738 China 3.639 Angola 3.540 Bolivia 3.341 Denmark 2.5

Philippines 2.543 Iran 2.444 Argentina 2.2

Canada 2.246 Côte d'Ivoire 2.047 Brazil 1.948 Morocco 1.8

Oman 1.850 Yemen 1.7

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS: CURRENT ACCOUNT 37

Largest surpluses as % of GDP%

Largest deficits as % of GDP%

a 2003 b 2002 c 2001

1 Iraq -96.92 Mauritania -36.23 Azerbaijan -30.44 Bosnia -22.55 Lebanon -22.06 Equatorial Guineaa -21.97 Nicaragua -17.08 Belize -16.79 Estonia -12.7

10 Suriname -12.411 Latvia -12.312 Barbados -12.013 Gambia, The -11.314 Malawib -10.715 Malta -10.316 Mozambique -10.017 Ethiopia -9.418 Hungary -8.8

Nigera -8.820 Iceland -8.6

21 Bulgaria -8.522 Serbiaa -8.423 Zimbabwe -8.324 Bhutan -8.2

Georgia -8.226 Benin -8.127 Panama -8.028 Togoa -7.929 Macedonia -7.730 Portugal -7.6

Romania -7.632 Lithuania -7.1

Madagascara -7.134 Sierra Leone -6.935 Chad -6.836 Greece -6.437 New Zealand -6.338 Australia -6.239 Burkina Fasoc -6.040 Cyprus -5.9

a 2003 b Foreign exchange, SDRs, IMF position and gold at market prices.

38 WORLD RANKINGS

Workers’ remittances$m

1 Indiaa 21,595 2 Mexico 16,613 3 Philippines 8,961 4 Spain 5,189 5 China 4,627 6 Morocco 4,221 7 Pakistan 3,943 8 Bangladesh 3,572 9 Egypt 3,341

10 Colombia 3,170 11 Portugal 3,032 12 Guatemala 2,551 13 El Salvador 2,548 14 Brazil 2,459 15 Poland 2,347 16 Nigeria 2,273 17 Dominican Republic 2,200 18 Jordan 2,059 19 Indonesia 1,700 20 Ecuador 1,604 21 Sri Lanka 1,564 22 Jamaica 1,466 23 Tunisia 1,432

24 Sudan 1,401 25 Bosnia 1,312 26 Yemen 1,283 27 Honduras 1,135 28 Peru 1,123 29 Russia 1,098 30 Greece 894 31 Croatia 851 32 Haitia 811 33 Turkey 804 34 Nepal 793 35 Albaniaa 778 36 Syria 690 37 Austria 641 38 Japan 600 39 Nicaragua 519 40 France 510 41 Senegala 448 42 Uganda 306 43 Costa Rica 302 44 Italy 283 45 Argentina 266 46 Tajikistan 252

Official reservesb

$m, end-20041 Japan 844,666 2 China 622,953 3 Taiwan 242,476 4 South Korea 199,196 5 United States 190,466 6 India 131,631 7 Russia 126,258 8 Hong Kong 123,569 9 Singapore 112,232

10 Germany 97,169 11 France 77,353 12 Switzerland 74,568 13 Malaysia 66,896 14 Mexico 64,202 15 Italy 62,387 16 Brazil 52,937 17 Thailand 49,847 18 United Kingdom 49,738 19 Algeria 45,690 20 Norway 44,308 21 Denmark 39,960 22 Turkey 37,304 23 Australia 36,924

24 Poland 36,773 25 Indonesia 36,310 26 Canada 34,478 27 Saudi Arabia 29,304 28 Czech Republic 28,451 29 Israel 27,094 30 Sweden 24,740 31 Venezuela 23,408 32 Netherlands 21,052 33 Spain 19,761 34 Argentina 19,659 35 United Arab Emirates 18,530 36 Nigeria 17,257 37 Morocco 16,647 38 Philippines 16,234 39 Romania 16,095 40 Chile 15,997 41 Hungary 15,951 42 Egypt 15,338 43 Slovakia 14,912 44 South Africa 14,884 45 Belgium 13,992 46 Colombia 13,537

EXCHANGE RATES 39

The Economist’s Big Mac indexBig Mac prices Implied Actual $ Under (–)/

in local in $ PPPa of exchange over (+)currency the $ rate valuation

against $, %Countries with the most under-valued currencies, May 2006

1 China 10.50 1.31 3.39 8.03 -582 Macau 11.12 1.39 3.59 7.99 -553 Malaysia 5.50 1.52 1.77 3.63 -514 Argentina 4.75 1.55 1.53 3.06 -50

Hong Kong 12.00 1.55 3.87 7.75 -50Thailand 60.00 1.56 19.35 38.45 -50

7 Indonesia 14,600.00 1.57 4,709.68 9,325.00 -498 Philippines 85.00 1.62 27.42 52.63 -489 Egypt 9.50 1.65 3.06 5.77 -47

Paraguay 9,000.00 1.63 2,903.23 5,505.00 -4711 Ukraine 8.50 1.68 2.74 5.05 -4612 Moldova 23.00 1.75 7.42 13.16 -4413 Russia 48.00 1.77 15.48 27.06 -43

Uruguay 42.28 1.77 13.64 23.93 -4315 Dominican Rep 60.00 1.84 19.35 32.60 -4116 Sri Lanka 190.00 1.85 61.29 102.96 -4017 Honduras 35.95 1.90 11.60 18.90 -3918 Bulgaria 2.99 1.94 0.96 1.54 -37

Slovakia 57.98 1.97 18.70 29.50 -3720 Macedonia 95.00 1.98 30.65 47.90 -36

Countries with the most over-valued or least under-valued currencies, May 2006

a Purchasing-power parity: local price divided by price in United States ($3.10, averageof four cities).

b Weighted average of prices in euro area.c Dollars per euro.d Dollars per pound.

1 Norway 43.00 7.05 13.87 6.10 +1272 Iceland 459.00 6.37 148.06 72.04 +106

Oman 2.46 6.39 0.79 0.39 +1064 Switzerland 6.30 5.21 2.03 1.21 +685 Denmark 27.75 4.77 8.95 5.82 +546 Sweden 33.00 4.53 10.65 7.28 +467 Euro areab 2.94 3.77 1.05c 1.28c +228 Jordan 2.59 3.66 0.84 0.71 +18

United Kingdom 1.94 3.65 1.60d 1.88d +1810 Canada 3.52 3.14 1.14 1.12 +111 Chile 1,560.00 2.94 503.23 529.95 -512 Peru 9.50 2.91 3.06 3.26 -613 Morocco 24.54 2.82 7.92 8.71 -914 Brazil 6.40 2.78 2.06 2.30 -1015 Aruba 4.95 2.77 1.60 1.79 -11

New Zealand 4.45 2.75 1.44 1.62 -11Slovenia 520.00 2.76 167.74 188.58 -11

18 Hungary 560.00 2.71 180.65 206.34 -12Turkey 4.20 2.72 1.35 1.54 -12

Exchange rates

Inflation

40 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Zimbabwea 140.12 Dominican Republicb 51.53 Angolac 23.0

Suriname 23.05 Madagascar 18.56 Zambia 18.37 Venezuela 16.08 Haiti 15.79 Malawi 15.4

10 Jamaica 15.311 Ghana 15.112 Gambia, Theb 14.213 Costa Rica 13.814 Nigeria 13.5

Ukraine 13.516 Iran 13.417 Mongolia 13.018 Mozambiqueb 12.7

Russia 12.720 Burundib 12.621 Mauritania 12.1

Sierra Leone 12.1

1 Chadb -5.42 Libyab -2.23 Central African Repb -2.14 Japan -0.35 Macedonia 0.06 Gabon 0.17 Panamab 0.48 Singapore 0.5

Sweden 0.510 Armenia 0.611 Saudi Arabia 0.712 Finland 0.9

Guinea-Bissaub 0.914 Morocco 1.0

Syriaa 1.016 Hong Kong 1.117 Oman 1.2

Switzerland 1.219 Congo-Brazzaville 1.3

Israel 1.321 Norway 1.5

Consumer price inflationHighest, 2005, % Lowest, 2005, %

Inflation, 2000–05Highest average annual consumer Lowest average annual consumer price inflation, % price inflation, %

1 Zimbabwed 106.02 Angola 79.23 Congoe 60.94 Belarus 30.95 Myanmare 28.46 Turkey 26.97 Surinamef 25.38 Dominican Republice 21.99 Venezuela 20.6

10 Ghana 20.211 Haiti 20.012 Zambia 19.213 Romania 18.314 Nigeria 15.715 Russia 14.816 Malawi 14.717 Iran 14.018 Mozambiquee 12.919 Ecuador 12.020 Yemenf 11.721 Costa Rica 11.2

Sierra Leone 11.2

1 Libyae -5.82 Hong Kong -1.33 Japan -0.44 Oman -0.15 Saudi Arabia 0.16 Bahraine 0.6

Singapore 0.68 Taiwan 0.7

10 Lithuania 0.8Panamae 0.8Switzerland 0.8

13 Guinea Bissaue 0.914 Gabon 1.015 Chinae 1.2

Finland 1.217 Morocco 1.418 Senegal 1.5

Sweden 1.520 Germany 1.6

a 2002 b 2004 c 2003 d 2000–02 e 2000–04 f 2000–03

1 Libyaa -9.82 Guinea-Bissaub -3.53 Chadb -1.94 Malib -1.45 Togob -1.06 Burkina Faso -0.4

Hong Kong -0.4Israel -0.4Macedonia -0.4Oman -0.4

11 Japan 0.0Senegalb 0.0

13 Finland 0.214 Niger 0.315 Saudi Arabia 0.4

Sweden 0.417 Gabonc 0.5

Norway 0.519 Switzerland 0.820 Syriaa 1.021 Chile 1.1

Kuwait 1.123 Bahraina 1.2

Chinab 1.2Denmark 1.2Lithuania 1.2

Moroccob 1.2Netherlands 1.2

29 Panamab 1.430 South Africa 1.431 Beninb 1.5

Malaysia 1.533 Barbadosb 1.6

Bhutanb 1.635 Germany 1.7

Singapore 1.737 Canada 1.838 Netherlands Antillesb 2.039 Austria 2.1

Belgium 2.1Euro area 2.1France 2.1

43 Ireland 2.2Italy 2.2Luxembourg 2.2

46 Albania 2.3Australia 2.3Cyprus 2.3Jordanb 2.3New Zealand 2.3Qatarb 2.3

52 Portugal 2.4

INFLATION 41

Lowest inflation, 2005Consumer price inflation, %

Lowest inflation, 2000–05Average annual consumer price inflation, %

a 2002 b 2003 c 2000 d 1999–2002 e 1999–2003Notes: Inflation is measured as the % change in the consumer price index. The five-yearfigures shown are based on the changes in the average level of the index during therelevant years

1 Libyad -7.22 Hong Kong -2.33 Omane -0.84 Japan -0.55 Saudi Arabia -0.26 Syriad 0.07 Bahraind 0.3

Chinae 0.39 Lithuania 0.5

Taiwan 0.511 Singapore 0.812 Switzerland 0.913 Panamae 1.014 Congo-Brazzaville 1.115 Cambodia 1.4

Kuwait 1.4

Qatare 1.418 Germany 1.5

Malaysia 1.5Senegale 1.5

21 Belizee 1.6Israel 1.6Moroccoe 1.6Niger 1.6Sweden 1.6

26 Barbadose 1.7Burkina Faso 1.7Cameroond 1.7Finland 1.7Jordane 1.7Thailand 1.7

32 France 1.9

Debt

42 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest foreign debta

$bn, 20041 China 248.932 Brazil 222.033 Russia 197.344 Argentina 169.255 Turkey 161.606 South Korea 144.817 Indonesia 140.658 Mexico 138.699 India 122.72

10 Poland 99.1911 Taiwan 81.8912 Israel 75.7813 Hong Kong 67.8614 Hungary 63.1615 Philippines 60.5516 Malaysia 52.1517 Thailand 51.3118 Czech Republic 45.5619 Chile 44.0620 Colombia 37.7321 Nigeria 35.8922 Pakistan 35.6923 Venezuela 35.5724 Kazakhstan 32.31

25 Croatia 31.5526 Peru 31.3027 United Arab Emirates 30.6528 Egypt 30.2929 Romania 30.0330 South Africa 28.5031 Singapore 23.6432 Lebanon 22.1833 Slovakia 22.0734 Algeria 21.9935 Ukraine 21.6536 Syria 21.5237 Bangladesh 20.3438 Sudan 19.3339 Tunisia 18.7040 Vietnam 17.8341 Morocco 17.6742 Ecuador 16.8743 Serbia 15.8844 Bulgaria 15.6645 Slovenia 14.8146 Iran 13.6247 Latvia 12.6648 Uruguay 12.38

1 Burundi 3,069 2 Liberia 1,891 3 Rwanda 9644 Sierra Leone 9035 Guinea-Bissau 7916 Congo-Kinshasa 7657 Central African Rep 7308 Malawi 5849 Zambia 530

10 Mauritania 52611 Sudan 47812 Lebanon 47013 Ethiopia 46014 Nigeria 45215 Argentina 45116 Burkina Faso 43217 Bhutan 43118 Guinea 41619 Gambia, The 398

Tanzania 398

21 Uganda 37922 Laos 36523 Uruguay 33824 Madagascar 33025 Mozambique 31026 Cameroon 29627 Nicaragua 28328 Bolivia 27529 Benin 26830 Zimbabwe 26431 Eritrea 26032 Mali 25133 Syria 25034 Peru 24535 Latvia 24336 Togo 24237 Kyrgyzstan 24038 Brazil 23939 Myanmar 23340 Congo-Brazzaville 230

a Foreign debt is debt owed to non-residents and repayable in foreign currency; thefigures shown include liabilities of government, public and private sectors. Developedcountries have been excluded.

Highest foreign debtAs % of exports of goods and services, average, 2002–04

DEBT 43

Highest foreign debt burdenForeign debt as % of GDP, average, 2002–04

Highest debt service ratiosb

%, average, 2002–04

b Debt service is the sum of interest and principal repayments (amortisation) due onoutstanding foreign debt. The debt service ratio is debt service expressed as apercentage of the country’s exports of goods and services.

1 Liberia 6742 Guinea-Bissau 3313 Burundi 2274 Congo-Brazzaville 2145 Congo-Kinshasa 2086 Malawi 1887 Gambia, The 1868 Sierra Leone 1779 Zambia 170

10 Mauritania 16111 Argentina 14112 Nicaragua 12713 Estonia 116

Lebanon 116Sudan 116

16 Kyrgyzstan 114Mongolia 114

18 Croatia 11319 Latvia 11220 Kazakhstan 10721 Togo 10622 Uruguay 104

23 Syria 10224 Laos 10125 Guinea 10026 Belize 99

Bhutan 9928 Mozambique 9829 Ethiopia 9730 Rwanda 9631 Ghana 95

Honduras 9533 Central African Rep 91

Côte d'Ivoire 9135 Eritrea 9036 Mali 8337 Bulgaria 81

Cameroon 81Moldova 81

40 Cambodia 80Gabon 80Hungary 80

43 Jamaica 79Tunisia 79

1 Burundi 1952 Lebanon 923 Belize 654 Brazil 585 Kazakhstan 526 Guinea-Bissau 467 Turkey 458 Poland 449 Ecuador 42

Uruguay 4211 Colombia 3812 Argentina 33

Croatia 3314 Chile 3215 Hungary 31

Zambia 3117 Indonesia 26

Latvia 2619 Mexico 2520 Bolivia 23

Pakistan 23Philippines 23

23 Algeria 22Bulgaria 22Romania 22Uzbekistan 22

27 Peru 2128 Cameroon 20

Ethiopia 20Gambia, The 20Guinea 20Slovakia 20Venezuela 20

34 Angola 19Papua New Guinea 19

36 Kyrgyzstan 18Lithuania 18

38 India 16Jamaica 16Morocco 16Panama 16Paraguay 16Tunisia 16

Aid

44 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest bilateral and multilateral donorsa

$m

Largest recipients of bilateral and multilateral aid$m

1 Iraq 4,658 2 Afghanistan 2,190 3 Vietnam 1,830 4 Ethiopia 1,823 5 Congo-Kinshasa 1,815 6 Tanzania 1,746 7 China 1,661 8 Poland 1,525 9 Egypt 1,458

10 Pakistan 1,421 11 Bangladesh 1,404 12 Ghana 1,358 13 Russia 1,313 14 Madagascar 1,236 15 Nicaragua 1,232 16 Mozambique 1,228 17 Serbia 1,170 18 Uganda 1,159 19 Angola 1,144 20 West Bank and Gaza 1,136 21 Zambia 1,081 22 Senegal 1,052 23 Romania 916 24 Sudan 882 25 Bolivia 767 26 Cameroon 762 27 Morocco 706 28 India 691 29 Bosnia 671 30 Honduras 642 31 Kenya 635 32 Bulgaria 622 33 South Africa 617 34 Burkina Faso 610

35 Jordan 581 36 French Polynesia 580 37 Nigeria 573 38 Mali 567 39 Niger 536 40 New Caledonia 525 41 Sri Lanka 519 42 Colombia 509 43 Peru 487 44 Israel 479 45 Cambodia 478 46 Malawi 476 47 Rwanda 468 48 Philippines 463 49 Nepal 427 50 Benin 378 51 Albania 362 52 Sierra Leone 360

Ukraine 360 54 Burundi 351 55 Tunisia 328 56 Chad 319 57 Georgia 315 58 Algeria 313 59 Hungary 303 60 Malaysia 290 61 Brazil 285 62 Czech Republic 280 63 Guinea 279 64 Laos 270 65 Papua New Guinea 266 66 Kazakhstan 265

Lebanon 265 68 Mongolia 262

1 United States 19,705 2 Japan 8,906 3 France 8,473 4 United Kingdom 7,883 5 Germany 7,534 6 Netherlands 4,204 7 Sweden 2,722 8 Canada 2,599 9 Italy 2,462

10 Spain 2,437 11 Norway 2,199 12 Denmark 2,037 13 Saudi Arabia 1,734

14 Switzerland 1,545 15 Belgium 1,463 16 Australia 1,460 17 Portugal 1,031 18 Austria 678 19 Finland 655 20 Ireland 607 21 Greece 465 22 South Korea 423 23 Taiwan 421 24 Turkey 339 25 Luxembourg 236 26 New Zealand 212

AID 45

Largest bilateral and multilateral donorsa

% of GDP

Largest recipients of bilateral and multilateral aid$ per head

1 Norway 0.872 Denmark 0.853 Luxembourg 0.834 Sweden 0.785 Netherlands 0.736 Saudi Arabia 0.697 Portugal 0.638 Belgium 0.41

France 0.41Switzerland 0.41

11 Ireland 0.3912 United Kingdom 0.3613 Finland 0.35

14 Germany 0.2815 Canada 0.2716 Australia 0.2517 Spain 0.2418 Austria 0.23

Greece 0.23New Zealand 0.23

21 Japan 0.1922 Iceland 0.1823 United States 0.1724 Italy 0.1525 Taiwan 0.1326 Czech Republic 0.11

a China also provides aid, but does not disclose amounts.

1 French Polynesia 2,416 2 New Caledonia 2,386 3 West Bank and Gaza 337 4 Nicaragua 225 5 Iraq 189 6 Bosnia 175 7 Bahrain 146 8 Serbia 144 9 Macedonia 121

10 Albania 114 11 Jordan 109 12 Barbados 108 13 Mongolia 106 14 Swaziland 105 15 Zambia 104 16 Senegal 103 17 Estonia 101 18 Netherlands Antilles 98 19 Honduras 92 20 Bhutan 90 21 Namibia 89 22 Bolivia 87 23 Angola 85 24 Armenia 83 25 Bulgaria 80 26 Cyprus 78 27 Fiji 76 28 Afghanistan 73

Lithuania 73 Madagascar 73

31 Israel 72 32 Latvia 71 33 Georgia 69

34 Sierra Leone 67 35 Ghana 66 36 Mozambique 65 37 Mauritania 63 38 Liberia 62 39 Equatorial Guinea 61 40 Eritrea 59

Lebanon 59 42 Lesotho 57 43 Benin 56

Rwanda 56 45 Suriname 54 46 Guinea-Bissau 51

Kyrgyzstan 51 48 Burkina Faso 50 49 Burundi 49

Mali 49 Tanzania 49

52 Laos 48 Papua New Guinea 48

54 Cameroon 47 55 Niger 46

Uganda 46 57 Gambia, The 44

Slovakia 44 59 Malawi 43 60 Romania 42 61 Poland 40 62 Tajikistan 38 63 Chad 37 64 Cambodia 36 65 Guinea 35 66 Congo-Kinshasa 34

Industry and services

46 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United Statesa 2,271 2 Japana 1,308 3 China 893 4 Germany 721 5 United Kingdom 496 6 Italy 417 7 France 399 8 Canada 285 9 Spain 274

10 South Korea 247 11 Brazil 211 12 Russia 182 13 India 171 14 Mexico 162 15 Saudi Arabia 147 16 Netherlands 132 17 Australiaa 124 18 Indonesia 113 19 Taiwan 90 20 Norway 87

Sweden 87 22 Austria 81 23 Belgium 80 24 Switzerlandb 76 25 Thailand 70

26 Poland 69 27 Iran 67 28 South Africa 61 29 Malaysia 60 30 United Arab Emirates 57 31 Irelanda 56

Turkey 56 33 Denmark 51 34 Argentina 50

Finland 50 36 Algeria 44 37 Greece 42 38 Venezuelaa 41 39 Nigeria 40 40 Portugal 39 41 Chile 38 42 Czech Republic 37 43 Singapore 35 44 Colombia 27

Egypt 27 Philippines 27

47 New Zealand 25 48 Kuwaita 24

Romania 24

Largest industrial output$bn

Highest growth in industrial output Average annual real % growth, 1994–2004c

1 Equatorial Guinea 36.82 Mozambique 16.53 Georgia 15.64 Bosnia 15.35 Cambodia 15.36 Rwanda 12.07 Laos 10.7

Vietnam 10.79 China 10.5

Myanmar 10.511 Bhutan 10.312 Uganda 10.013 Albania 8.4

Azerbaijan 8.415 Angola 8.3

Mongolia 8.317 Trinidad & Tobago 8.118 Eritrea 7.6

Lowest growth in industrial outputAverage annual real % growth, 1994–2004c

1 West Bank and Gaza -8.82 Zimbabwe -5.03 Congo-Kinshasa -3.64 Moldova -2.45 Tajikistan -1.96 Papua New Guinea -1.57 Burundi -0.88 Lebanon -0.49 Venezuela -0.3

10 Bulgaria -0.1

Uruguay -0.112 Jamaica 0.113 Haiti 0.414 Germany 0.5

Japan 0.516 Turkmenistan 0.617 Colombia 0.718 Iran 0.8

Switzerland 0.8United Kingdom 0.8

INDUSTRY 47

1 United Statesa 1,523 2 Japana 894 3 China 889 4 Germanya 495 5 United Kingdom 319 6 Italy 295 7 France 255 8 Canada 177 9 South Korea 174

10 Spain 153 11 Russia 138 12 Mexico 111 13 India 101 14 Taiwan 78 15 Indonesia 73 16 Netherlandsa 68 17 Australiaa 57

Brazil 57 19 Thailand 56 20 Switzerlandb 53

21 Belgiuma 49 22 Austriaa 45 23 Swedenb 44 24 Irelanda 42 25 Poland 41 26 South Africa 38 27 Malaysia 37 28 Turkey 35 29 Argentina 34 30 Finlanda 32 31 Denmarka 29

Singapore 29 33 Czech Republic 25

Saudi Arabia 25 35 Portugala 22 36 Philippines 20

Romania 20 38 Norwayb 19 39 Greecea 18

Iran 18

Largest manufacturing output$bn

Largest services output$bn

1 United Statesa 7,807 2 Japana 2,920 3 Germany 1,729 4 France 1,391 5 United Kingdom 1,371 6 Italy 1,045 7 China 786 8 Canada 672 9 Spain 630

10 Mexico 426 11 Netherlands 370 12 Australiaa 341 13 South Korea 335 14 India 326 15 Russia 310 16 Brazil 261 17 Belgium 230 18 Sweden 210

Taiwan 210 20 Switzerlandb 182 21 Austria 175 22 Turkey 163 23 Denmark 151 24 Poland 136 25 Hong Konga 134

26 Norway 130 27 Greece 127 28 South Africa 124 29 Finland 106 30 Indonesia 105 31 Portugal 101 32 Saudi Arabia 93 33 Iran 77

Irelanda 77 35 Argentina 76 36 Thailand 75 37 Singapore 65 38 New Zealand 64 39 Czech Republic 56 40 Colombia 51 41 Hungary 47

Malaysia 47 Pakistana 47

44 Philippines 46 45 Chile 45 46 United Arab Emirates 44 47 Egypt 36

Peru 36 49 Venezuelaa 35 50 Romania 32

a 2003 b 2002 c Or nearest available years.

Agriculture

48 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Guinea-Bissau 62.62 Sierra Leonea 58.43 Congo-Kinshasab 58.34 Myanmara 57.25 Central African Rep 55.66 Burundi 51.57 Ethiopia 46.98 Laos 46.89 Chadc 45.6

10 Tanzania 44.811 Cameroon 44.212 Liberiab 42.713 Togo 41.214 Rwanda 40.515 Nepal 40.316 Nigerc 39.917 Sudan 39.318 Malawi 39.119 Ghana 37.920 Benin 36.921 Kyrgyzstan 36.622 Mali 35.623 Bhutanc 33.2

24 Cambodia 32.925 Uganda 32.226 Gambia, The 32.027 Uzbekistan 31.128 Burkina Faso 30.829 Papua New Guineac 29.030 Madagascar 28.831 Haiti 27.432 Paraguay 27.233 Kenya 26.834 Guinea 24.935 Albania 24.736 Tajikistan 24.237 Armenia 23.438 Syria 23.039 Guatemala 22.540 Pakistan 22.441 Côte d'Ivoire 22.142 Vietnam 21.843 Mozambique 21.644 Moldova 21.345 India 21.1

Most economically dependent on agriculture% of GDP from agriculture

Least economically dependent on agriculture% of GDP from agriculture

1 Hong Kongc 0.1Singapore 0.1

3 Kuwaitc 0.54 Luxembourg 0.65 Puerto Ricod 0.76 Trinidad & Tobago 0.97 United Kingdom 1.08 Germany 1.19 United Statesc 1.2

10 Japanc 1.311 Belgium 1.4

Switzerlandb 1.413 Norway 1.614 Taiwan 1.715 Sweden 1.816 Austria 1.9

Oman 1.918 Canadad 2.219 Denmark 2.320 Netherlands 2.421 France 2.522 Botswana 2.6

Italy 2.6

24 Irelandc 2.7Sloveniac 2.7United Arab Emirates 2.7

27 Jordan 2.828 Czech Republic 3.129 Finland 3.230 Hungaryc 3.331 Australiac 3.4

Poland 3.4South Africa 3.4

34 Spain 3.535 Slovakia 3.636 Portugal 3.7

South Korea 3.738 Chile 3.839 Saudi Arabia 4.040 Latvia 4.1

Mexico 4.142 Estonia 4.343 Venezuelac 4.544 French Polynesiaa 4.745 Russia 5.046 Barbadosc 5.4

a 2000 b 2002 c 2003 d 2001

AGRICULTURE 49

Highest growthAverage annual real % growth, 1994–2004a

Lowest growthAverage annual real % growth, 1994–2004a

Biggest producers’000 tonnesCereals

Meat

Fruit

Vegetables

1 Angola 11.72 Kuwait 10.33 Rwanda 9.74 Malawi 9.05 United Arab Emirates 8.56 Sudan 7.97 Mozambique 7.08 Cameroon 6.5

Equatorial Guinea 6.5

10 Dominican Republic 6.411 Yemen 6.112 Algeria 6.0

Myanmar 6.014 Benin 5.715 Kyrgyzstan 5.616 Bulgaria 5.517 Gambia, The 4.918 Belize 4.7

1 West Bank and Gaza -7.12 Georgia -5.23 Haiti -4.14 Eritrea -2.75 Chile -2.6

Jamaica -2.67 Switzerland -2.58 Japan -2.4

9 Singapore -2.110 Kazakhstan -1.7

Luxembourg -1.712 Trinidad & Tobago -1.613 Barbados -1.414 Zimbabwe -0.815 Taiwan -0.716 Estonia -0.5

1 China 413,1662 United States 389,0663 India 232,3604 Russia 76,2315 France 70,534

6 Indonesia 65,3147 Brazil 63,8128 Canada 52,6849 Germany 51,097

10 Bangladesh 41,044

1 China 74,3062 United States 38,8913 Brazil 19,9194 Germany 6,7985 France 6,255

6 India 6,0327 Spain 5,5318 Mexico 5,0409 Russia 4,981

10 Canada 4,592

1 China 83,2382 India 47,0313 Brazil 36,0154 United States 30,1975 Italy 17,922

6 Spain 16,6877 Mexico 14,7598 Indonesia 14,7489 Iran 13,143

10 Philippines 12,372

1 China 423,3952 India 80,5293 United States 39,1854 Turkey 25,235

5 Italy 16,3556 Egypt 15,9007 Russia 15,5048 Iran 13,495

a Or nearest available years.

1 EU25 136,1002 China 91,0003 India 72,1004 United States 58,7005 Russia 45,3006 Canada 25,9007 Australia 22,6008 Pakistan 19,0009 Turkey 18,000

10 Ukraine 16,500

1 Brazil 28,2482 EU25 21,8433 India 14,4324 China 10,9125 United States 7,6476 Thailand 7,4627 Mexico 5,6728 Australia 5,5309 Pakistan 4,481

10 Colombia 2,740

Commodities

50 WORLD RANKINGS

WheatTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ’000s tonnes

Ricea

Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ’000 tonnes

1 EU25 117,2002 China 104,3003 India 71,9004 Russia 38,0005 United States 31,9006 Pakistan 20,4007 Turkey 17,7008 Egypt 14,9009 Iran 13,800

10 Ukraine 12,300

1 China 135,1002 India 82,5103 Indonesia 35,8504 Bangladesh 26,9005 Vietnam 18,2506 Philippines 10,4007 Myanmar 10,3008 Thailand 9,4809 Brazil 9,001

10 Japan 8,300

1 India 19,8582 EU25 17,6913 China 11,6134 Brazil 10,8575 United States 8,9946 Russia 6,7007 Mexico 5,3008 Pakistan 4,0049 Indonesia 3,915

10 Egypt 2,600

1 China 125,3632 India 85,3103 Indonesia 34,2504 Bangladesh 25,6005 Vietnam 22,7166 Thailand 17,0707 Myanmar 9,5708 Philippines 9,4459 Brazil 8,996

10 Japan 7,944

Sugarb

Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

Coarse grainsc

Top 5 producers Top 5 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

1 United States 319,5002 EU25 150,5003 China 139,7004 Brazil 37,8005 India 32,000

1 United States 240,2002 EU25 142,0003 China 135,7004 Brazil 43,6005 Mexico 38,900

COMMODITIES 51

TeaTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers’000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

CoffeeTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ’000s tonnes

CocoaTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

a Milled.b Raw.c Includes: maize (corn), barley, sorghum, rye, oats and millet.

1 China 8352 India 8203 Kenya 3254 Sri Lanka 3085 Indonesia 165

Turkey 1657 Japan 1008 Vietnam 959 Argentina 63

10 Bangladesh 56

1 India 6712 China 5583 Russia 1714 Turkey 1655 Japan 1556 United Kingdom 1297 Pakistan 1208 United States 999 Iran 84

10 Egypt 72

1 Brazil 2,3572 Vietnam 8313 Colombia 6844 Indonesia 4435 Ethiopia 3006 India 2317 Guatemala 2228 Mexico 2049 Uganda 165

10 Honduras 155

1 United States 1,2552 Brazil 9293 Germany 5954 Japan 4285 Italy 3356 France 3057 Spain 1778 United Kingdom 1339 Poland 130

10 Indonesia 120

1 Côte d'Ivoire 1,4072 Ghana 7373 Indonesia 4304 Nigeria 1805 Brazil 1636 Cameroon 1627 Ecuador 1178 Dominican Republic 479 Mexico 44

10 Papua New Guinea 39

1 United States 7752 Germany 2893 France 2304 United Kingdom 2205 Russia 1776 Japan 1637 Italy 1018 Brazil 949 Spain 90

10 Canada 72

52 WORLD RANKINGS

CopperTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersb

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

LeadTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersb

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

ZincTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersc

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

1 Chile 5,4132 United States 1,1603 Peru 1,0364 Australia 8545 Indonesia 8426 Russia 7677 China 7428 Canada 5639 Poland 531

10 Kazakhstan 468

1 China 3,3642 United States 2,4103 Japan 1,2794 Germany 1,1005 South Korea 9406 Italy 7157 Taiwan 6908 France 5369 Russia 526

10 Mexico 475

1 China 9442 Australia 6783 United States 4454 Peru 3065 Mexico 1176 Canada 777 Ireland 668 Sweden 549 Poland 53

10 India 51

1 United States 1,4802 China 1,3993 Germany 3964 South Korea 3585 Japan 2916 Italy 2757 United Kingdom 2618 Mexico 2549 Spain 226

10 France 189

1 China 2,0242 Australia 1,3343 Peru 1,2094 Canada 7915 United States 7396 Ireland 4447 Mexico 4248 Kazakhstan 3619 India 341

10 Sweden 197

1 China 2,5512 United States 1,0973 Japan 6214 Germany 5495 South Korea 4206 Belgium 4047 Italy 3898 India 3539 Taiwan 342

10 Spain 253

1 China 92.92 United States 53.63 Japan 33.14 Germany 20.35 South Korea 16.2

TinTop 5 producersa Top 5 consumersb

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes1 China 118.22 Indonesia 78.43 Peru 41.64 Bolivia 18.15 Brazil 12.5

COMMODITIES 53

NickelTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersb

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

AluminiumTop 10 producersd Top 10 consumerse

‘000 tonnes ’000 tonnes

Precious metalsGold a Silver a

Top 10 producers Top 10 producerstonnes tonnes

Platinum PalladiumTop 3 producers Top 3 producerstonnes tonnes

a Mine production. b Refined consumption. c Slab consumption.d Primary refined production. e Primary refined consumption.

1 Russia 289.22 Canada 186.73 Australia 185.04 New Caledonia 118.25 Indonesia 96.66 China 75.67 Cuba 75.58 Colombia 48.89 Brazil 47.4

10 South Africa 39.9

1 Japan 194.92 China 143.93 United States 129.44 South Korea 122.65 Germany 94.56 Taiwan 91.47 Italy 69.58 Finland 59.49 Spain 48.3

10 Belgium 43.4

1 China 6,6892 Russia 3,5943 Canada 2,5924 United States 2,5175 Australia 1,8956 Brazil 1,4577 Norway 1,3228 South Africa 8649 India 861

10 United Arab Emirates 683

1 China 6,0432 United States 5,8003 Japan 2,3194 Germany 1,7955 South Korea 1,1186 Russia 1,0207 Italy 9878 India 8619 Canada 761

10 France 749

1 South Africa 340.42 Australia 259.03 United States 258.04 China 194.45 Russia 180.56 Peru 173.27 Indonesia 164.48 Canada 130.79 Uzbekistan 86.0

10 Papua New Guinea 73.5

1 South Africa 154.62 Russia 26.43 North America 10.6

1 Russia 127.52 South Africa 78.13 North America 32.2

1 Peru 3,0602 Mexico 2,5313 Australia 2,1834 China 2,0005 Chile 1,3606 Canada 1,3387 Poland 1,3308 United States 1,2469 Kazakhstan 690

10 Bolivia 413

54 WORLD RANKINGS

Rubber (natural and synthetic)Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

Raw woolTop 10 producersa Top 10 consumersa

‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

CottonTop 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

Major oil seedsb

Top 5 producers Top 5 consumers‘000 tonnes ‘000 tonnes

1 Thailand 3,1142 United States 2,3253 Indonesia 2,0514 China 1,9645 Japan 1,6166 Malaysia 1,1897 Russia 1,1128 Germany 9059 India 837

10 France 776

1 China 4,0682 United States 3,0503 Japan 1,9614 India 9685 Germany 8676 Brazil 7127 South Korea 6918 France 6509 Russia 614

10 Malaysia 542

1 Australia 3352 China 1713 New Zealand 1674 Argentina 435 India 386 United Kingdom 317 Uruguay 298 South Africa 27

Turkey 2710 Iran 24

1 China 3582 India 1203 Italy 1104 Turkey 695 United Kingdom 316 Japan 307 Russia 298 Iran 269 Belgium 25

10 New Zealand 23

1 China 6,3202 United States 5,0603 India 4,1304 Pakistan 2,4805 Brazil 1,3006 Uzbekistan 1,1307 Turkey 9008 Australia 6609 Greece 390

10 Syria 330

1 China 8,3302 India 3,3003 Pakistan 2,3404 Turkey 1,5505 United States 1,4606 Brazil 9007 Indonesia 4908 Thailand 4709 Mexico 450

10 Bangladesh 380

1 United States 94,8502 Brazil 56,5843 China 53,6604 Argentina 44,0705 India 25,370

1 China 76,7052 United States 60,3153 EU25 35,8794 Brazil 34,3565 Argentina 32,682

COMMODITIES 55

Oilc

Top 10 producers Top 10 consumers‘000 barrels per day ‘000 barrels per day

Natural gasTop 10 producers Top 10 consumersBillion cubic metres Billion cubic metres

CoalTop 10 producers Top 10 consumersMillion tonnes oil equivalent Million tonnes oil equivalent

1 Saudi Arabiad 10,5842 Russia 9,2853 United States 7,2414 Irand 4,0815 Mexico 3,8246 China 3,4907 Norway 3,1888 Canada 3,0859 Venezuelad 2,980

10 United Arab Emiratesd 2,667

1 United States 20,5172 China 6,6843 Japan 5,2884 Germany 2,6255 Russia 2,5746 India 2,5557 South Korea 2,2808 Canada 2,2069 France 1,975

10 Mexico 1,896

1 Russia 589.12 United States 542.93 Canada 182.84 United Kingdom 95.95 Irand 85.56 Algeriad 82.07 Norway 78.58 Indonesiad 73.39 Netherlands 68.8

10 Saudi Arabiad 64.0

1 United States 646.72 Russia 402.13 United Kingdom 98.04 Canada 89.55 Irand 87.16 Germany 85.97 Italy 73.38 Japan 72.29 Ukraine 70.7

10 Saudi Arabiad 64.0

1 China 989.82 United States 567.23 Australia 199.44 India 188.85 South Africa 136.96 Russia 127.67 Indonesiad 81.48 Poland 69.89 Germany 54.7

10 Kazakhstan 44.4

1 China 956.92 United States 564.33 India 204.84 Japan 120.85 Russia 105.96 South Africa 94.57 Germany 85.78 Poland 57.79 Australia 54.4

10 South Korea 53.1

Oilc

Top 10 shares of proved reserves% of world total

1 Saudi Arabiad 22.12 Irand 11.13 Iraqd 9.74 Kuwaitd 8.3

5 United Arab Emiratesd 8.26 Venezuelad 6.57 Russia 6.1

a Clean basis. b Soybeans, sunflower seed, cottonseed, groundnuts and rapeseed.c Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and natural gas liquids. d Opec members.

Energy

56 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 2,280.82 China 1,409.43 Russia 639.74 India 553.45 Japan 517.16 Germany 347.17 France 271.38 Canada 260.69 United Kingdom 232.0

10 South Korea 205.311 Brazil 193.212 Italy 181.013 Indonesia 161.614 Mexico 160.015 Iran 136.4

16 Spain 136.117 Ukraine 132.618 Saudi Arabia 130.819 South Africa 118.620 Australia 112.621 Nigeria 97.822 Poland 93.723 Thailand 88.824 Netherlands 80.825 Turkey 79.026 Pakistan 69.327 Argentina 59.928 Belgium 59.229 Malaysia 56.730 Venezuela 54.2

Largest producersMillion tonnnes oil equivalent, 2003

Largest consumersMillion tonnnes oil equivalent, 2003

1 United States 1,631.42 China 1,380.83 Russia 1,106.94 Saudi Arabia 533.75 India 453.16 Canada 385.37 Iran 265.48 Australia 253.59 Indonesia 250.0

10 United Kingdom 246.111 Mexico 242.512 Norway 233.213 Nigeria 214.614 Venezuela 179.615 Brazil 171.1

16 Algeria 163.317 United Arab Emirates 159.218 South Africa 154.519 France 136.020 Germany 134.521 Kuwait 120.722 Kazakhstan 105.523 Japan 84.624 Argentina 84.325 Malaysia 83.826 Poland 80.027 Libya 77.528 Ukraine 75.529 Colombia 74.430 Iraq 68.4

Energy efficiencya

Most efficient Least efficient GDP per unit of energy use, 2003 GDP per unit of energy use, 2003

1 Peru 11.32 Hong Kong 10.93 Uruguay 10.54 Bangladesh 10.45 Morocco 10.26 Colombia 10.17 Costa Rica 9.9

Namibia 9.99 Ireland 9.3

10 Sri Lanka 8.811 Italy 8.2

1 Uzbekistan 0.82 Trinidad & Tobago 1.23 Nigeria 1.3

Tanzania 1.3Turkmenistan 1.3

6 Zambia 1.47 Kuwait 1.88 Kazakhstan 1.9

Moldova 1.9Russia 1.9Ukraine 1.9

a PPP$, per kg of oil equivalent.

1 Hong Kong 1002 Singapore 993 Moldova 984 Israel 964 Lebanon 965 Jordan 957 Morocco 948 Jamaica 889 Ireland 87

10 Belarus 8611 Italy 85

1 Congo-Brazzaville -1,0782 Norway -8993 Gabon -6374 Angola -4575 Kuwait -4276 Algeria -3957 Oman -3798 Libya -3319 Saudi Arabia -308

10 United Arab Emirates -30611 Yemen -284

ENERGY 57

Net energy importers% of commercial energy use, 2003Highest Lowest

Largest consumption per headKg of oil equivalent, 2003

Sources of electricity% of total, 2003

1 United Arab Emirates 9,7072 Kuwait 9,5663 Trinidad & Tobago 8,5534 Canada 8,2405 United States 7,8436 Finland 7,2047 Sweden 5,7548 Belgium 5,7019 Australia 5,668

10 Saudi Arabia 5,60711 Singapore 5,359

12 Norway 5,10013 Oman 4,97514 Netherlands 4,96215 France 4,51916 Russia 4,42417 New Zealand 4,33318 Czech Republic 4,32419 South Korea 4,29120 Germany 4,20521 Austria 4,08622 Japan 4,053

Oil1 Yemen 100.02 Iraq 98.53 Benin 97.44 Jamaica 96.95 Cuba 94.3

Hydropower1 Paraguay 100.02 Nepal 99.83 Congo-Brazzaville 99.7

Congo-Kinshasa 99.7Mozambique 99.7

Coal1 Poland 95.12 South Africa 93.53 Estonia 92.24 China 79.45 Hong Kong 77.7

Gas1 Turkmenistan 100.02 Trinidad & Tobago 99.73 United Arab Emirates 99.44 Algeria 96.85 Belarus 95.5

Nuclear power1 Lithuania 82.22 France 78.53 Slovakia 57.74 Belgium 56.75 Sweden 49.7

Workers of the world

58 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest % of population in labour force

Most male workforceHighest % men in workforce

1 Pakistan 83.92 West Bank and Gaza 83.43 Algeria 83.04 Oman 81.65 Syria 80.66 Bahrain 78.37 Egypt 78.18 Bangladesh 77.79 Guatemala 77.4

10 Tunisia 74.311 Turkey 73.712 Morocco 72.913 Malta 69.2

Nicaragua 69.215 India 68.416 Sri Lanka 66.517 Honduras 66.318 Costa Rica 65.4

Mauritius 65.420 Malaysia 65.321 Mexico 64.522 Chile 64.423 Suriname 63.124 Panama 62.725 Philippines 62.2

Most female workforceHighest % women in workforce

1 Belarus 53.32 Benin 53.13 Moldova 51.0

Mongolia 51.0Tanzania 51.0

6 Malawi 50.27 Cayman Islands 49.78 Ghana 49.69 Armenia 49.5

Madagascar 49.511 Bahamas 49.4

Estonia 49.413 Guadeloupe 49.1

Lithuania 49.1Russia 49.1

16 Kazakhstan 49.017 Ukraine 48.918 Barbados 48.7

Latvia 48.720 Bermuda 48.521 Zimbabwe 48.222 Papua New Guinea 47.9

Sweden 47.924 Azerbaijan 47.7

Finland 47.7

1 Cayman Islands 68.92 Bermuda 59.43 China 57.84 Switzerland 57.55 Thailand 55.76 Canada 55.4

Denmark 54.48 Iceland 54.09 Norway 52.9

10 Netherlands 52.611 Brazil 52.4

Portugal 52.4Singapore 52.4

14 Hong Kong 52.0Japan 52.0

16 Macau 51.817 New Zealand 51.718 United States 50.919 Australia 50.820 Sweden 50.7

21 Russia 50.622 Slovenia 50.523 Czech Republic 50.324 United Kingdom 50.225 Finland 50.026 Cyprus 49.927 South Korea 49.728 Slovakia 49.429 Ecuador 49.330 Austria 49.0

Latvia 49.032 Turkey 48.733 Germany 48.534 Estonia 48.635 Ghana 47.836 Belgium 47.6

Spain 47.638 Ireland 47.539 Bahrain 47.440 Brunei 47.3

WORKERS OF THE WORLD 59

Lowest % of population in labour force

Highest rate of unemployment% of labour forcea

1 Macedonia 37.22 Namibia 33.83 South Africa 27.14 West Bank and Gaza 26.75 Guadeloupe 24.76 Ethiopia 22.97 Martinique 22.48 Botswana 19.69 Poland 19.0

10 Dominican Republic 18.411 Slovakia 18.112 Algeria 17.713 Uruguay 16.914 Venezuela 15.815 Argentina 15.616 Albania 15.2

Serbia 15.218 Netherlands Antilles 15.119 Tunisia 14.320 Burundi 14.0

Suriname 14.022 Croatia 13.823 Colombia 13.624 Jordan 13.225 Lithuania 12.8

26 Georgia 12.627 Kyrgyzstan 12.528 Iran 12.3

Panama 12.330 Nicaragua 12.231 Bulgaria 12.032 Morocco 11.933 Syria 11.734 Yemen 11.535 Jamaica 11.436 Egypt 11.0

Germany 11.0Spain 11.0

39 Philippines 10.940 Bahamas 10.841 Israel 10.742 Puerto Rico 10.643 Peru 10.544 Latvia 10.4

Trinidad & Tobago 10.446 Turkey 10.347 France 9.948 Barbados 9.849 Brazil 9.7

Estonia 9.7

a ILO definition.

1 West Bank and Gaza 21.92 Algeria 27.63 Syria 29.34 Pakistan 29.65 Egypt 30.56 Congo-Brazzaville 32.37 Armenia 32.48 Suriname 34.69 Bangladesh 34.7

10 Botswana 35.0Guatemala 35.0Tunisia 35.0

13 Nicaragua 36.514 Puerto Rico 37.015 Oman 37.316 Morocco 37.417 India 39.118 Georgia 39.3

Mongolia 39.320 Malta 39.5

21 Moldova 39.622 Chile 39.723 El Salvador 40.1

Sri Lanka 40.125 Croatia 40.826 Honduras 40.9

Macedonia 40.928 Malaysia 41.329 Zimbabwe 41.530 Mexico 41.731 Hungary 42.032 Israel 42.133 Italy 42.234 Costa Rica 42.335 Albania 42.436 Argentina 42.7

Bulgaria 42.7Greece 42.7

39 Luxembourg 43.040 Poland 44.1

The business world

60 WORLD RANKINGS

Global competitivenessOverall Government Infrastructure

1 United States Hong Kong United States2 Hong Kong Singapore Japan3 Singapore Denmark Denmark4 Iceland Iceland Switzerland5 Denmark Finland Singapore6 Australia Australia Sweden7 Canada Ireland Finland8 Switzerland Switzerland Norway9 Luxembourg Canada Germany

10 Finland Norway Iceland11 Ireland Estonia Canada12 Norway New Zealand Austria13 Austria Chile Belgium14 Sweden United States Hong Kong15 Netherlands Austria Israel16 Japan Luxembourg Netherlands17 Taiwan China Australia18 China Netherlands Taiwan19 Estonia Malaysia France20 United Kingdom Thailand Luxembourg21 New Zealand Sweden United Kingdom22 Malaysia Slovakia South Korea23 Chile Taiwan New Zealand24 Israel United Kingdom Ireland25 Germany South Africa Czech Republic26 Belgium Japan Spain27 India Israel Malaysia28 Czech Republic Germany Hungary29 Thailand Czech Republic Greece30 France India Portugal31 Spain Colombia Estonia32 South Korea Belgium Slovenia33 Slovakia Jordan China 34 Colombia Spain Italy35 Hungary Hungary Jordan36 Greece Portugal Colombia37 Portugal Bulgaria Slovakia38 South Africa Russia Chile39 Slovenia Philippines Poland40 Jordan Greece Bulgaria41 Bulgaria South Korea Argentina42 Philippines France Thailand43 Turkey Slovenia Croatia44 Brazil Mexico Russia

Notes: Rankings reflect assessments for the ability of a country to achieve sustainedhigh rates of GDP growth per head. Column 1 is based on 259 criteria covering:the openness of an economy, the role of the government, the development of financialmarkets, the quality of infrastructure, technology, business management andjudicial and political institutions and labour-market flexibility. Column 2 looks at theextent to which government policies are conducive to competitiveness. Column 3 isbased on the extent to which a country is integrated into regional trade blocks.

2006–10 score 2001–2005 score 2001–2005 ranking1 Denmark 8.82 8.69 12 Finland 8.70 8.55 63 Canada 6.86 8.63 24 Singapore 8.66 8.62 35 Ireland 8.65 8.44 10

Netherlands 8.65 8.51 77 United Kingdom 8.64 8.59 48 United States 8.63 8.56 59 Switzerland 8.60 8.45 9

10 Hong Kong 8.57 8.50 811 Sweden 8.49 8.29 1112 Australia 8.44 8.14 1313 New Zealand 8.36 8.18 1214 Germany 8.33 7.95 1415 Belgium 8.23 7.89 1516 Norway 8.21 7.82 1717 Austria 8.16 7.81 18

France 8.16 7.83 1619 Taiwan 8.08 7.52 2120 Estonia 7.93 7.65 1921 Spain 7.87 7.45 2222 Chile 7.81 7.64 2023 Israel 7.79 6.84 3024 Slovakia 7.54 6.77 3125 Malaysia 7.46 7.34 23

South Korea 7.46 7.10 2527 Czech Republic 7.45 6.92 2828 Japan 7.41 6.95 2729 Portugal 7.35 6.75 32

Slovenia 7.35 7.16 24United Arab Emirates 7.35 6.71 35

32 Qatar 7.30 6.90 2933 Hungary 7.29 6.72 3434 Latvia 7.17 6.69 3635 Lithuania 7.16 6.60 3936 Bahrain 7.15 6.98 2637 Poland 7.14 6.64 3838 Italy 7.07 6.45 4139 Cyprus 7.01 6.73 3340 Thailand 6.98 6.66 3741 South Africa 6.92 6.14 4542 Mexico 6.88 6.46 4043 Bulgaria 6.77 5.87 4944 Greece 6.75 6.25 4445 Brazil 6.74 6.37 4246 Kuwait 6.65 6.32 43

THE BUSINESS WORLD 61

Note: Scores reflect the opportunities for, and hindrances to, the conduct of business,measured by countries’ rankings in ten categories including market potential, tax andlabour-market policies, infrastructure, skills and the political environment. Scoresreflect average and forecast average over given date range.

The business environment

Business creativity and research

62 WORLD RANKINGS

Innovation indexa

1 United States 6.662 Finland 6.433 Taiwan 6.194 Sweden 5.895 Japan 5.746 Israel 5.387 Switzerland 5.378 South Korea 5.299 Germany 4.92

10 Denmark 4.7011 Canada 4.6912 Norway 4.62

13 Singapore 4.4714 Iceland 4.4515 Australia 4.3616 United Kingdom 4.3517 Netherlands 4.3318 New Zealand 4.2219 Belgium 4.2020 France 4.0521 Austria 3.9722 Ireland 3.8223 Slovenia 3.6024 Greece 3.54

Information and communications technology indexb

E-readinessc

Score out of 10, 2006

1 Denmark 9.002 United States 8.883 Switzerland 8.814 Sweden 8.745 United Kingdom 8.646 Netherlands 8.606 Finland 8.558 Australia 8.509 Canada 8.37

10 Hong Kong 8.3611 Norway 8.3512 Germany 8.3413 Singapore 8.2414 Austria 8.19

New Zealand 8.1916 Ireland 8.0917 Belgium 7.9918 South Korea 7.9019 France 7.8620 Bermuda 7.8121 Japan 7.7722 Israel 7.5923 Taiwan 7.5124 Spain 7.3425 Italy 7.1426 Portugal 7.0727 Estonia 6.7128 Slovenia 6.43

1 Denmark 5.902 Iceland 5.883 United States 5.724 Sweden 5.665 Finland 5.616 Taiwan 5.517 Netherlands 5.438 Singapore 5.409 Australia 5.27

10 Hong Kong 5.23South Korea 5.23

12 Switzerland 5.21

13 Luxembourg 5.1914 Norway 5.1215 United Kingdom 4.9816 Canada 4.8917 Japan 4.7518 Austria 4.7419 New Zealand 4.7120 Germany 4.6321 Estonia 4.5622 France 4.4623 Israel 4.3724 Ireland 4.33

a The innovation index is a measure of the adoption of new technology, and theinteraction between business and the scientific sector. It includes measures of thenumber of patents granted and higher education enrolment rates.

b The information and communications technology (ICT) index is a measure of ICTusage and includes per capita measures of telephone lines, internet usage, personalcomputers and mobile phone users.

c E-Readiness measures how amenable a country is to internet-based business. Thefactors considered include broadband and mobile-phone penetration, as well asgovernment regulation.

BUSINESS CREATIVITY AND RESEARCH 63

Total expenditure on R&D% of GDP, 2003

1 Israel 4.352 Sweden 4.273 Finland 3.444 Japan 3.125 Iceland 3.106 South Korea 2.647 United States 2.598 Switzerland 2.579 Denmark 2.54

10 Germany 2.5111 Taiwan 2.4512 Belgium 2.3313 France 2.2614 Austria 2.1715 Singapore 2.1316 Netherlands 1.88

United Kingdom 1.8818 Canada 1.8519 Luxembourg 1.7120 Norway 1.6721 Australia 1.5922 Slovenia 1.5023 China 1.31

24 Russia 1.2825 Czech Republic 1.2626 New Zealand 1.2527 Ireland 1.1328 Italy 1.1129 Brazil 1.0430 Spain 1.0231 Hungary 0.9532 Portugal 0.9433 India 0.8434 Estonia 0.8335 South Africa 0.7436 Chile 0.69

Malaysia 0.6938 Turkey 0.6639 Greece 0.6540 Hong Kong 0.6041 Poland 0.5942 Slovakia 0.5843 Venezuela 0.4644 Colombia 0.40

Mexico 0.4046 Argentina 0.39

PatentsNo. of patents granted to residents No. of patents in forceTotal, 2002 Per 100,000 people, 2002

1 Japan 110,0532 United States 86,5513 Taiwan 26,9644 South Korea 24,9845 Germany 19,5936 Russia 14,4547 France 10,7378 China 5,9139 United Kingdom 4,452

10 Netherlands 2,92911 Italy 2,29812 Sweden 1,79513 Switzerland 1,74614 Spain 1,56415 Australia 1,41516 Austria 1,34917 Canada 1,19318 Poland 87519 Belgium 78320 Romania 696

1 Luxembourg 5,8042 Switzerland 1,1523 Sweden 1,1054 Singapore 8645 Japan 8606 Belgium 8517 Taiwan 8348 Ireland 8319 Netherlands 776

10 Denmark 70111 France 60212 Canada 55413 United Kingdom 55114 South Korea 51615 United States 51116 Australia 50217 Germany 45718 Finland 39419 Spain 37720 Portugal 281

Business costs and FDI

64 WORLD RANKINGS

Office rentsOccupation costa, $ per square metre, August 2005

1 London (West End), UK 1,9232 Tokyo (Inner Central),

Japan 1,4113 Tokyo (Outer Central),

Japan 1,3284 London (City), UK 1,2825 Paris, France 9646 Moscow, Russia 9187 Dublin, Ireland 8748 Edinburg, UK 8168 Hong Kong 816

10 Manchester, UK 79611 Leeds, UK 74812 Zurich, Switzerland 73113 Birmingham, UK 72814 Dubai, UAE 704

15 Frankfurt, Germany 68416 Bristol, UK 68016 Glasgow, UK 68018 Paris (La Defense), France 67919 Seoul, South Korea 66520 Milan, Italy 65621 Aberdeen, UK 61722 Munich, Germany 61523 Mumbai, India 60724 Geneva, Switzerland 59925 Luxembourg City,

Luxembourg 58826 Jersey, UK 58327 New York

(MT Manhattan), US 57828 Madrid, Spain 569

Foreign direct investmentb

Inflow, $m, 20041 United States 95,8592 United Kingdom 78,3993 China 60,6304 Luxembourg 57,0005 Australia 42,5946 Belgium 34,3667 Hong Kong 34,0358 France 24,3189 Spain 18,361

10 Brazil 18,16611 Italy 16,81512 Mexico 16,60213 Singapore 16,06014 Russia 11,67215 Ireland 9,12016 Japan 7,81617 South Korea 7,68718 Chile 7,603

19 Canada 6,29320 Poland 6,15921 India 5,33522 Romania 5,17423 Austria 4,86524 Azerbaijan 4,76925 Finland 4,64826 Malaysia 4,62427 Switzerland 4,47828 Czech Republic 4,46329 Kazakhstan 4,26930 Argentina 4,25431 Hungary 4,16732 Bermuda 3,80033 Cayman Islands 3,00034 Colombia 2,73935 Turkey 2,73336 Bulgaria 2,488

Employment costsPay, social security and other benefits, $ per hr. worked for a production worker

1 Norway 37.332 Denmark 34.513 Germany 32.524 Finland 31.965 Netherlands 31.256 Switzerland 30.777 Belgium 30.738 Austria 28.949 Sweden 28.78

10 United Kingdom 25.54

11 Australia 24.8812 France 24.7013 United States 24.4214 Canada 23.8715 Ireland 23.0816 Japan 21.6717 Italy 21.1718 Spain 17.7019 New Zealand 15.4420 Singapore 7.92

BUSINESS BURDENS AND CORRUPTION 65

Business burdens and corruption

1 Iceland 9.72 Finland 9.6

New Zealand 9.64 Denmark 9.55 Singapore 9.46 Sweden 9.27 Switzerland 9.18 Norway 8.99 Australia 8.8

10 Austria 8.711 Netherlands 8.6

United Kingdom 8.613 Luxembourg 8.514 Canada 8.415 Hong Kong 8.3

1 Bangladesh 1.7Chad 1.7

3 Haiti 1.8Myanmar 1.8Turkmenistan 1.8

6 Equatorial Guinea 1.9Ivory Coast 1.9Nigeria 1.9

9 Angola 2.010 Congo 2.1

Kenya 2.1Pakistan 2.1Paraguay 2.1Somalia 2.1Sudan 2.1Tajikistan 2.1

Number of days taken to register a new company Highest Lowest

1 Haiti 2032 Laos 1983 Congo 1554 Mozambique 1535 Brazil 1526 Indonesia 1517 Angola 1468 Venezuela 1169 Azerbaijan 115

10 Botswana 10811 West Bank and Gaza 10612 Peru 10213 Zimbabwe 9614 Namibia 9515 Lesotho 9216 Eritrea 91

1 Australia 22 Canada 33 Denmark 5

Iceland 5United States 5

6 Singapore 67 Afghanistan 7

Puerto Rico 79 France 8

10 Jamaica 9Turkey 9

12 Hong Kong 11Morocco 11Netherlands 11Romania 11

16 New Zealand 12

Business software piracy % of software that is pirated, 2004

Corruption perceptions indexc

2005, 10 = least corruptLowest Highest

1 Vietnam 922 Ukraine 913 China 90

Zimbabwe 905 Indonesia 87

Russia 87

7 Nigeria 84Tunisia 84

9 Algeria 83Kenya 83Paraguay 83

12 Pakistan 82

a Total rent, taxes and operating expenses.b Investment in companies in a foreign country.c This index ranks countries based on how much corruption is perceived by business

people, academics and risk analysts to exist among politicians and public officials.

1 Wal-Mart Stores United States 288.02 BP United Kingdom 285.13 Exxon Mobil United States 270.84 Royal Dutch/Shell Group United Kingdom/Netherlands 268.75 General Motors United States 193.56 DaimlerChrysler United States 176.77 Toyota Motor Japan 172.68 Ford Motor United States 172.29 General Electric United States 152.9

10 Total Fina Elf France 152.611 ChevronTexaco United States 148.012 ConocoPhillips United States 121.713 AXA France 121.614 Allianz Germany 118.915 Volkswagen Germany 110.616 Citigroup United States 108.317 ING Group Netherlands 105.918 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Japan 100.519 American Intl. Group United States 98.020 IBM United States 96.321 Siemens Germany 91.522 Carrefour France 90.423 Hitachi Japan 84.024 Assicurazioni Generali Italy 83.325 Matsushita Electric Industrial Japan 81.126 McKesson United States 80.527 Honda Motor Japan 80.528 Hewlett-Packard United States 79.929 Nissan Motor Japan 79.830 Fortis Netherlands 75.531 Sinopec China 75.132 Berkshire Hathaway United States 74.433 ENI Italy 74.234 Home Depot United States 73.135 Aviva United Kingdom 73.036 HSBC Holdings United Kingdom 72.637 Deutsche Telekom Germany 72.038 Verizon Communications United States 71.639 Samsung Electronics South Korea 71.640 State Grid China 71.341 Peugeot France 70.642 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer United States 70.243 Nestlé Switzerland 69.844 U.S. Postal Service United States 69.0

Notes: Industrial and service corporations. Figures refer to the year ended December31, 2004, except for Japanese companies, where figures refer to year ended March 31,2005. They include sales of consolidated subsidiaries but exclude excise taxes, thusdiffering, in some instances, from figures published by the companies themselves.

Largest businessesBy sales, $bn

Businesses and banks

66 WORLD RANKINGS

BUSINESSES AND BANKS 67

1 Citigroup United States 74,4152 J.P. Morgan Chase United States 68,6213 HSBC Holdings United Kingdom 67,2594 Bank of America Corp United States 64,2815 Crédit Agricole Groupe France 63,4226 Royal Bank of Scotland United Kingdom 43,8287 Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group Japan 39,9328 Mizuho Financial Group Japan 38,8649 HBOS United Kingdom 36,587

10 BNP Paribas France 35,68511 Bank of China China 34,85112 Santander Central Hispano Spain 33,25913 Barclays Bank United Kingdom 32,17814 Rabobank Group Netherlands 30,81015 Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Japan 30,38916 Wells Fargo & Co. United States 29,06017 ING Bank Netherlands 28,79218 Wachovia Corporation United States 28,58319 UBS Switzerland 27,44020 ABN-Amro Bank Netherlands 26,99321 Deutsche Bank Germany 25,50722 Groupe Caisse d'Epargne France 25,05623 Société Générale France 25,00824 Crédit Mutuel France 24,77325 China Construction Bank China 23,53026 Lloyds TSB Group United Kingdom 22,64427 Credit Suisse Group Switzerland 21,73628 UFJ Holdings Japan 21,55029 HypoVereinsbank Germany 21,41230 Banca Intesa Italy 21,19931 MetLife United States 20,96832 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China China 20,17033 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Spain 20,03334 Fortis Bank Belgium 19,48935 Norinchukin Bank Japan 18,49336 Groupe Banques Populaires France 18,28037 Agricultural Bank of China China 16,67038 Washington Mutual United States 16,36839 UniCredit Italy 16,17540 National Australia Bank Australia 15,04441 Dexia Belgium 15,01442 Sanpaolo IMI Italy 14,79243 US Bancorp United States 14,72044 Nordea Group Sweden 14,43245 Commerzbank Germany 14,27946 Scotiabank Canada 14,135

Largest banksBy capital, $m

Notes: Capital is essentially equity and reserves. Figures for Japanese banks refer to the year ended March 31, 2005. Figures for all othercountries refer to the year ended December 31, 2004.

Stockmarkets

68 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest market capitalisation$m, end 2005

1 United States 16,997,9822 Japan 4,736,5133 United Kingdom 3,058,1824 France 1,710,0295 Canada 1,480,8916 Germany 1,221,2507 Hong Kong 1,006,2288 Spain 960,0249 Switzerland 938,624

10 Australia 804,07411 Italy 798,16712 China 780,76313 Netherlands 727,51514 South Korea 718,18015 Saudi Arabia 646,10416 South Africa 565,40817 India 553,07418 Russia 548,57919 Taiwan 485,61720 Brazil 474,64721 Sweden 403,94822 Belgium 327,06523 Mexico 239,12824 United Arab Emirates 225,56825 Finland 209,50426 Singapore 208,300

27 Norway 190,95228 Malaysia 181,23629 Denmark 178,03830 Turkey 161,53731 Greece 145,01332 Chile 136,44633 Kuwait 130,08034 Austria 126,32435 Thailand 123,53936 Israel 120,11437 Ireland 114,13438 Poland 93,87339 Qatar 87,31640 Indonesia 81,42841 Egypt 79,67242 Portugal 66,98143 Argentina 61,47844 Luxembourg 51,25445 Colombia 46,01646 Pakistan 45,93747 New Zealand 40,62048 Philippines 40,15349 Iran 38,72450 Czech Republic 38,34551 Jordan 37,63952 Peru 35,995

Highest growth in market capitalisation, $ terms% increase, 2000–05

1 Macedonia 9,1292 United Arab Emirates 3,8393 Ameniaa 2,0504 Romania 1,8265 Qatar 1,5956 Georgia 1,3797 Russia 1,3098 Ukraine 1,2289 Kyrgyzstan 950

10 Saudi Arabia 86211 Bulgaria 72412 Kazakhstan 68413 Jordan 66114 Serbiab 63715 Pakistan 59816 Iceland 526

Kuwait 52618 West Bank and Gaza 48319 Sri Lanka 43320 Iran 427

21 Lithuania 41522 Kenya 39823 Colombia 38124 Croatia 37125 Ecuador 357

Nigeria 35727 Latvia 34928 Oman 34129 Austria 32230 South Korea 319

Thailand 319Zambia 319

33 Trinidad & Tobago 29234 India 27435 Jamaica 26436 Slovakia 26137 Czech Republic 24938 Peru 24139 Barbados 22640 Papua New Guineaa 220

Highest growth in value traded$ terms, % increase, 2000–05

STOCKMARKETS 69

1 United Arab Emirates121,1942 Serbia 13,2203 Qatar 11,6394 Saudi Arabia 6,2745 Jordan 5,6236 Bulgaria 2,2937 Kuwait 2,1338 Colombia 1,5039 Barbados 1,433

10 Romania 1,34011 Ecuador 1,20912 Georgia 1,16713 Kazakhstan 1,11014 West Bank and Gaza 1,00815 Kenya 97416 Papua New Guineab 75017 Sri Lanka 69018 Russia 68419 Lebanon 68320 Estonia 66021 Iran 65922 Nigeria 637

23 Iceland 62624 Czech Republic 52425 Oman 48126 Jamaica 46627 Austria 38928 Trinidad & Tobago 36429 Ghana 35030 Ireland 34831 Pakistan 32832 Croatia 32433 Thailand 28434 Morocco 27935 Lithuania 26736 Norway 22437 Chile 21038 Belgium 19939 Indonesia 19340 Bahrain 18841 El Salvador 18142 Argentina 17643 Australia 17244 South Africa 159

Highest growth in number of listed companies% increase, 2000–05

1 Serbia 14,300.02 Macedonia 5,600.03 Uzbekistan 2,180.04 Kazakhstan 260.95 Spain 223.86 Slovenia 205.37 Canada 162.48 Ugandaa 150.09 Croatia 126.6

10 Armeniaa 88.611 Kuwait 85.712 Ukraine 59.013 Tanzania 50.014 United Arab Emirates 46.315 United Kingdom 44.916 Hong Kong 44.517 Qatar 40.918 Bolivia 38.519 Iran 38.220 Trinidad & Tobago 37.021 Ghana 36.422 Singapore 33.3

Zambia 33.324 Taiwan 31.5

25 Malta 30.026 Papua New Guineaa 28.627 Malaysia 28.328 Japan 28.029 China 27.730 South Korea 23.931 Australia 23.532 Barbados 23.533 Jordan 23.334 Thailand 22.835 Cyprus 20.036 Russia 18.937 Bangladesh 18.638 West Bank and Gaza 16.739 Indonesia 15.540 Zimbabwe 14.541 Botswana 12.542 Bahrain 11.943 Poland 10.244 Nigeria 9.745 New Zealand 8.546 Ecuadorb 6.7

Fiji 6.748 Norway 5.8

a 2001–05 b 2002–05

Transport: roads and cars

70 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 6,378,1542 India 3,851,4403 China 1,809,8294 Brazil 1,724,9295 Canada 1,408,9006 Japan 1,177,2787 France 891,2908 Australia 811,6019 Spain 666,292

10 Russia 537,28911 Italy 479,68812 Sweden 424,98113 Poland 423,99714 United Kingdom 387,67415 Indonesia 368,36016 South Africa 362,09917 Turkey 354,42118 Mexico 349,03819 Kazakhstan 258,02920 Pakistan 254,410

21 Bangladesh 239,22622 Germany 231,58123 Vietnam 215,62824 Argentina 215,47125 Philippines 200,03726 Romania 198,81727 Nigeria 194,39428 Iran 178,15229 Ukraine 169,73930 Hungary 159,56831 Congo-Kinshasa 157,00032 Saudi Arabia 152,04433 Belgium 149,75734 Austria 133,71835 Czech Republic 127,67236 Netherlands 116,50037 Greece 116,47038 Colombia 112,98839 Algeria 104,00040 Bulgaria 102,016

Longest road networksKm, 2003 or latest

Densest road networksKm of road per km2 land area, 2003 or latest

1 Macau 20.32 Malta 7.13 Bahrain 5.14 Singapore 5.05 Belgium 4.96 Barbados 3.77 Japan 3.18 Netherlands 2.89 Puerto Rico 2.6

10 Luxembourg 2.011 Slovenia 1.912 Bangladesh 1.7

Denmark 1.7Hong Kong 1.7Hungary 1.7Jamaica 1.7Switzerland 1.7

18 Austria 1.6Czech Republic 1.6France 1.6Italy 1.6

Trinidad & Tobago 1.6United Kingdom 1.6

24 Slovakia 1.5Sri Lanka 1.5

26 Ireland 1.4Poland 1.4

28 Cyprus 1.3Estonia 1.3Spain 1.3

31 India 1.2Lithuania 1.2

33 Latvia 1.134 Mauritius 1.0

South Korea 1.036 Bulgaria 0.9

Greece 0.9Sweden 0.9

39 Israel 0.8Portugal 0.8Romania 0.8

1 Hong Kong 286.72 Qatar 283.63 Germany 206.04 Singapore 181.85 Macau 181.26 Kuwait 178.77 South Korea 150.08 Brunei 135.69 Malta 112.1

10 Israel 110.411 Malaysia 87.612 Bahrain 76.913 United Kingdom 75.614 Italy 73.315 Mauritius 72.116 Jordan 71.117 Portugal 65.718 Japan 63.019 Barbados 62.620 Luxembourg 59.721 Mexico 58.922 Netherlands 57.923 Switzerland 57.124 Croatia 50.325 Russia 47.3

26 Tunisia 45.527 Guatemala 44.828 Greece 41.129 France 40.030 Ukraine 39.131 Belgium 36.532 Serbia 36.233 Cyprus 36.1

United States 36.135 Spain 34.436 Austria 33.037 Poland 31.938 Denmark 31.739 Czech Republic 31.340 New Zealand 31.041 Cambodia 30.942 Finland 30.043 Honduras 28.444 Panama 27.145 Chile 26.946 Norway 26.247 Moldova 25.948 Bulgaria 25.749 Swaziland 25.650 Slovenia 25.5

TRANSPORT: ROADS AND CARS 71

Most crowded road networksNumber of vehicles per km of road network, 2003 or latest

Most used road networks‘000 vehicle-km per year per km of road network, 2003 or latest

1 Hong Kong 5,888.0 2 Indonesia 5,741.9 3 Singapore 5,097.6 4 Germany 2,759.7 5 Bhutan 2,651.4 6 Israel 2,220.4 7 Puerto Rico 1,666.1 8 Bahrain 1,528.0 9 Portugal 1,322.5

10 United Kingdom 1,250.3 11 Malta 1,245.8 12 Belgium 1,045.9 13 Tunisia 1,012.3 14 Kuwait 1,000.0 15 Netherlands 943.8

16 Pakistan 921.8 17 Switzerland 829.1 18 Luxembourg 781.2 19 South Korea 691.7 20 Greece 681.5 21 Japan 671.7 22 Denmark 647.5 23 United States 647.3 24 Finland 636.6 25 Croatia 633.3 26 France 615.8 27 Cambodia 585.1 28 Chile 482.4 29 China 464.7 30 Ecuador 453.8

72 WORLD RANKINGS

1 New Zealand 6192 Luxembourg 5743 Canada 5644 Iceland 5575 Italy 5476 Germany 5467 Switzerland 5218 Malta 5189 Austria 500

10 France 49211 Belgium 47312 United States 46813 Sweden 45814 Spain 45515 Slovenia 44516 United Kingdom 43917 Portugal 43718 Finland 43419 Japan 43220 Norway 43021 Qatar 38322 Ireland 38223 Cyprus 37924 Netherlands 37625 Lithuania 370

26 Czech Republic 358Denmark 358

28 Brunei 35329 Estonia 33430 Greece 33131 Bahrain 32732 Kuwait 31233 Barbados 30534 Croatia 29435 Bulgaria 29236 Poland 29137 Netherlands Antilles 28538 Latvia 28239 Hungary 28140 Slovakia 25141 Israel 24142 Malaysia 22543 South Korea 21544 Belarus 16745 Macau 143

Serbia 14347 Russia 14248 Romania 13849 Mexico 13150 Brazil 130

Highest car ownershipNumber of cars per 1,000 populationa

Lowest car ownershipNumber of cars per 1,000 populationa

1 Ethiopia 12 Sierra Leone 2

West Bank and Gaza 24 Bolivia 35 Bhutan 46 India 6

Gambia, The 68 Pakistan 79 Kenya 8

10 Philippines 911 China 1012 Syria 1213 Sri Lanka 1314 Nicaragua 1615 Cambodia 2216 Mongolia 2417 Peru 3018 Botswana 3619 Kyrgyzstan 37

20 Swaziland 4021 Namibia 4222 Morocco 4323 Azerbaijan 44

Zimbabwe 4425 Albania 47

Ecuador 4727 Georgia 5028 Moldova 5929 Tunisia 6030 Jordan 6531 Turkey 6632 Panama 7333 Kazakhstan 7534 Chile 8935 Mauritius 9036 South Africa 9337 Costa Rica 9838 Singapore 99

a Latest available year between 1999 and 2003.

1 Qatar 9,6812 Kuwait 2,1553 Rwanda 1,7644 Costa Rica 1,4385 Saudi Arabia 1,3536 Panama 1,2627 Jordan 1,0238 Barbados 7639 Japan 749

10 United States 70411 Serbia 63812 Slovenia 60013 Austria 54314 South Korea 51715 Canada 50916 Swaziland 50117 Belgium 46118 Oman 434

Namibia 43420 Germany 43221 Italy 41222 Portugal 40823 Croatia 38524 United Kingdom 37525 Switzerland 33426 Cyprus 310

27 Chile 29128 Sri Lanka 29029 Iceland 28430 Israel 28231 Peru 27832 New Zealand 27733 Mongolia 27534 Botswana 27335 Czech Republic 26636 Malta 26137 Spain 24938 United Arab Emirates 24439 Bahrain 237

Nicaragua 23741 Hong Kong 23242 Bolivia 23043 Lesotho 22144 Latvia 21745 Greece 21246 Sweden 20747 Malaysia 20448 Netherlands 20049 Hungary 19450 Mauritius 178

Norway 178

TRANSPORT: ROADS AND CARS 73

Most injured in road accidentsNumber of people injured per 100,000 populationa

Most deaths in road accidentsNumber of people killed per 100,000 populationa

1 Botswana 302 South Africa 29

United Arab Emirates 294 Malaysia 285 Oman 256 Russia 24

Swaziland 248 Gabon 239 Latvia 21

Saudi Arabia 2111 Lithuania 2012 Qatar 1913 Belarus 18

Kuwait 1815 Colombia 17

Lesotho 17Mongolia 17Namibia 17

19 Suriname 1620 Jamaica 16

South Korea 16Tunisia 16

23 Croatia 15Greece 15Jordan 15Kazakhstan 15Kyrgyzstan 15Poland 15Portugal 15United States 15

31 Belgium 14Czech Republic 14Panama 14

34 Algeria 13Egypt 13Hungary 13Mauritius 13Morocco 13Puerto Rico 13Spain 13

a Latest available year between 1999 and 2003.

Transport: planes and trains

74 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United States 1,148,3832 Japan 243,9823 United Kingdom 182,4014 China 151,9625 Germany 127,3826 France 90,4967 Hong Kong 83,7338 Australia 76,1599 South Korea 72,935

10 Canada 70,93711 Singapore 70,03012 Russia 62,41713 Netherlands 56,05614 Italy 54,03515 Malaysia 52,206

16 Spain 50,29917 Brazil 47,98618 Thailand 36,82819 Belgium 31,40820 South Africa 31,17121 Saudi Arabia 29,21722 United Arab Emirates 29,13523 Switzerland 29,08724 Mexico 28,19725 New Zealand 24,32326 India 23,85027 Turkey 20,05128 Austria 19,89529 Ireland 19,47130 Indonesia 19,306

Most air travelMillion passenger-kma per year

Busiest airportsTotal passengers, m Total cargo, m tonnes

Average daily aircraft movements, take-offs and landings

a Air passenger–km data refer to the distance travelled by each aircraft of nationalorigin.

1 Atlanta, Hartsfield 85.92 Chicago, O'Hare 76.53 London, Heathrow 67.94 Tokyo, Haneda 63.35 Los Angeles, Intl. 61.56 Dallas, Ft. Worth 59.17 Paris, Charles de Gaulle 53.88 Frankfurt, Main 52.29 Las Vegas, McCarran Intl. 44.3

10 Amsterdam, Schipol 44.211 Denver, Intl. 43.312 Madrid, Barajas Intl. 41.9

1 Memphis, Intl. 3.602 Hong Kong, Intl. 3.443 Anchorage, Intl. 2.614 Tokyo, Narita 2.295 Seoul, Inchon 2.156 Frankfurt, Main 1.967 Los Angeles, Intl. 1.938 Shanghai, Pudong Intl. 1.869 Singapore, Changi 1.85

10 Louisville, Standiford Fd.1.8111 Paris, Charles de Gaulle 1.7712 Miami, Intl. 1.76

1 Atlanta, Hartsfield 2,6862 Chicago, O'Hare 2,6643 Dallas, Ft. Worth 1,9504 Los Angeles, Intl. 1,7835 Las Vegas, McCarran

Intl. 1,6586 Houston, George Bush

Intercont. 1,5427 Denver, Intl. 1,5328 Phoenix, Skyharbor

Intl. 1,5219 Philadelphia, Intl. 1,468

10 Minneapolis, St Paul 1,458

11 Paris, Charles de Gaulle 1,432

12 Detroit, Metro 1,43013 Charlotte/Douglas,

Intl. 1,43014 Washington, Dulles

Intl. 1,39615 Cincinnati, Intl. 1,36016 Frankfurt, Main 1,34317 London, Heathrow 1,30918 Salt Lake City 1,24819 Newark 1,19820 Amsterdam, Schiphol 1,152

1 United States 231.22 Russia 85.53 India 63.24 China 61.05 Canada 57.76 Germany 34.77 Argentina 34.28 France 29.39 Mexico 26.5

10 Brazil 22.111 Ukraine 22.012 Japan 20.1

South Africa 20.114 Poland 19.615 United Kingdom 16.516 Italy 16.217 Spain 14.418 Kazakhstan 13.819 Pakistan 11.520 Romania 10.8

21 Sweden 9.922 Australia 9.5

Czech Republic 9.524 Turkey 8.725 Hungary 8.026 Iran 6.427 Austria 5.828 Finland 5.729 Belarus 5.5

Sudan 5.531 Egypt 5.232 Cuba 4.833 Congo-Kinshasa 4.5

North Korea 4.535 Bulgaria 4.3

Philippines 4.337 Indonesia 4.238 Norway 4.1

Serbia 4.1Uzbekistan 4.1

TRANSPORT: PLANES AND TRAINS 75

Longest railway networks‘000 km

Most rail passengersKm per person per year

Most rail freightMillion tonnes-km per year

1 Japan 1,8972 Switzerland 1,6723 Belarus 1,4184 France 1,2195 Russia 1,0996 Ukraine 1,0987 Austria 1,0218 Netherlands 8659 Germany 852

10 Belgium 826

11 Italy 79712 Kazakhstan 78313 Hungary 73114 United Kingdom 70915 Sweden 70116 Finland 64517 Czech Republic 64218 South Korea 59319 Egypt 55220 Luxembourg 532

1 United States 2,427,2682 China 1,828,5483 Russia 1,664,3004 India 381,2415 Canada 338,6616 Ukraine 233,9617 Kazakhstan 163,4208 South Africa 106,5499 Germany 77,640

10 Poland 47,847

11 France 45,12112 Australia 42,30013 Belarus 40,33114 Japan 22,20015 Italy 21,57916 United Kingdom 20,70017 Austria 19,04718 Uzbekistan 18,42819 Iran 18,18220 Latvia 16,877

Transport: shipping

76 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Panama 141.8 2 Liberia 59.6 3 Bahamas 38.4 4 Singapore 31.0 5 Greece 30.7 6 Hong Kong 29.8 7 Malta 23.0 8 China 22.3 9 Cyprus 19.0

10 Norway 17.5

11 Japan 12.6 12 Italy 11.6 13 Germany 11.5 14 United Kingdom 11.2 15 United States 11.1 16 South Korea 9.3 17 Russia 8.3 18 Denmark 8.1

India 8.1 20 Bermuda 7.3

Merchant fleetsBy country of registration, gross tonnage, million

1 Greece 95.62 Japan 89.33 Germany 54.44 China 41.55 United States 36.06 Norway 33.47 Hong Kong 26.48 United Kingdom 22.19 South Korea 19.3

10 Taiwan 16.1

11 Denmark 15.212 Singapore 14.313 Russia 13.014 Italy 12.315 Switzerland 9.616 India 8.317 Malaysia 7.518 Turkey 6.919 Belgium 6.8

Merchant fleetsBy country of ownership, gross tonnage, million

1 Panama 24,7352 Liberia 21,7083 Greece 14,1364 Singapore 12,4895 Bahamas 12,1006 Hong Kong 5,3127 Malta 4,9808 India 3,7679 Norway 3,655

10 Iran 3,067

11 France 2,09312 Cyprus 2,06513 China 1,87214 Japan 1,70415 Belgium 1,59416 United States 1,47917 Malaysia 1,45818 Kuwait 1,44319 Italy 99720 Taiwan 809

Crude oil capacityBy country of registration, gross tonnage, ’000

1 Russia 1,8222 United States 7113 Japan 4294 South Korea 411

Spain 4116 Norway 3627 Argentina 2058 Chile 1939 Belize 187

10 Netherlands 179

Peru 17912 Iceland 17213 United Kingdom 16214 Panama 16115 China 15416 Philippines 14117 Canada 13918 Honduras 13319 Denmark 127

Ukraine 127

Fish catching capacityBy country of registration, gross tonnage, ’000

1 France 75,1212 Spain 53,5993 United States 46,0774 China 41,7615 Italy 37,0716 United Kingdom 27,7557 Hong Kong 21,8118 Mexico 20,6189 Germany 20,137

10 Austria 19,37311 Canada 19,15012 Turkey 16,82613 Malaysia 15,70314 Ukraine 15,62915 Poland 14,29016 Hungary 12,21217 Thailand 11,65118 Portugal 11,61719 Netherlands 9,646

20 Russia 9,16421 Saudi Arabia 8,58022 Macau 8,32423 Croatia 7,91224 Ireland 6,98225 South Africa 6,81526 Belgium 6,71027 Japan 6,13828 Czech Republic 6,06129 Tunisia 5,99830 South Korea 5,81831 Morocco 5,50132 Indonesia 5,32133 Finland 4,87534 Brazil 4,72535 Norway 3,60036 Puerto Rico 3,54137 Dominican Republic 3,450

TOURISM 77

Tourism

Most tourist arrivalsNumber of arrivals, ‘000

Biggest tourist spenders$m

Largest tourist receipts$m

1 Germany 67,1982 United States 60,5923 United Kingdom 55,3474 Japan 28,4155 France 27,1916 Italy 24,1227 China 19,8628 Russia 17,9279 Netherlands 16,797

10 Belgium 14,477

11 Austria 13,15212 Canada 12,73413 Hong Kong 11,70714 Spain 9,68315 Denmark 9,01516 South Korea 8,94917 Sweden 8,60818 Norway 8,57619 Switzerland 7,97620 Australia 7,205

1 United States 74,4812 Spain 45,2473 France 40,8424 Italy 35,6565 Germany 27,6576 United Kingdom 27,2997 China 25,7398 Turkey 15,8889 Austria 15,351

10 Australia 12,952

11 Greece 12,87212 Canada 12,84313 Japan 11,20214 Mexico 10,75315 Switzerland 10,41316 Netherlands 10,26017 Thailand 10,03418 Belgium 9,18519 Hong Kong 9,00720 Malaysia 8,198

Education

78 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Brazil 1472 Uganda 1413 Malawi 1404 Gabon 1325 Equatorial Guinea 126

Lesotho 126Suriname 126

8 Cambodia 124Dominican Republic 124

10 Belize 122Rwanda 122

12 Togo 12113 Madagascar 12014 Argentina 119

Nepal 119Nigeria 119

17 Peru 118Russia 118

19 Ecuador 11720 Laos 11621 Aruba 115

Bolivia 115China 115Portugal 115Syria 115

26 Libya 11427 El Salvador 11328 Indonesia 112

Israel 112Panama 112Philippines 112

Highest primary enrolmentNumber enrolled as % of relevant age group

Lowest primary enrolmentNumber enrolled as % of relevant age group

Notes: Latest available year 2000–04. The gross enrolment ratios shown are the actualnumber enrolled as a percentage of the number of children in the official primary agegroup. They may exceed 100 when children outside the primary age group are receivingprimary education.

Highest tertiary enrolmenta

Number enrolled as % of relevant age group1 Finland 882 South Korea 853 Sweden 83

United States 835 Macau 81

Norway 817 New Zealand 778 Greece 749 Australia 73

Latvia 7311 Lithuania 7212 Russia 6913 Slovenia 6814 Denmark 6715 Estonia 6616 United Kingdom 6417 Iceland 63

1 Niger 442 Burkina Faso 463 Congo-Brazzaville 504 Mali 585 Sudan 606 Eritrea 637 Central African Rep 668 Saudi Arabia 679 Pakistan 68

10 Ethiopia 70Guinea-Bissau 70

12 Papua New Guinea 7513 Chad 7614 Burundi 77

15 Côte d'Ivoire 7816 Sierra Leone 7917 Congo-Kinshasa 80

Senegal 8019 Guinea 81

Oman 8121 Zambia 8222 Ghana 83

Yemen 8324 Gambia, The 8525 Moldova 8626 Mauritania 8827 Georgia 9028 Turkey 91

1 Burkina Faso 12.8 2 Niger 14.4 3 Mauritania 15.2 4 Mali 19.0 5 Chad 25.5 6 Sierra Leone 29.6 7 Benin 33.6 8 Senegal 39.3 9 Bangladesh 41.1

10 Ethiopia 41.5 11 Mozambique 46.5 12 Côte d'Ivoire 48.1 13 Central African Rep 48.6

Nepal 48.6 15 Pakistan 48.7 16 Yemen 49.0

17 Morocco 50.7 18 Haiti 51.9 19 Togo 53.0 20 Ghana 54.1 21 Egypt 55.6 22 Liberia 55.9 23 Papua New Guinea 57.3 24 Burundi 58.9 25 Sudan 59.0 26 India 61.0 27 Rwanda 64.0 28 Malawi 64.1 29 Congo-Brazzaville 65.3 30 Angola 66.8

Nigeria 66.8

EDUCATION 79

Least literate% adult literacy rate, latest year 2000–04

Highest education spending% of GDP

Lowest education spending% of GDP

1 Yemen 9.5 2 Cuba 9.0

Mongolia 9.0 4 Lesotho 8.9 5 Denmark 8.5 6 Malaysia 8.1 7 Sweden 7.7 8 Barbados 7.6

Iceland 7.6 Norway 7.6

11 Israel 7.5

12 Namibia 7.2 13 Swaziland 7.1 14 Kenya 7.0 15 New Zealand 6.7 16 Morocco 6.5 17 Finland 6.4

Tunisia 6.4 19 Belgium 6.3

Bolivia 6.3 Cyprus 6.3

1 Equatorial Guinea 0.6 2 Ecuador 1.0 3 Indonesia 1.2 4 Myanmar 1.3 5 United Arab Emirates 1.6 6 Cambodia 1.8

Guinea 1.8 Pakistan 1.8

9 Zambia 2.0 10 Botswana 2.2

Georgia 2.2 12 Dominican Republic 2.3

Niger 2.3

Papua New Guinea 2.3 15 Bangladesh 2.4 16 Albania 2.6

Togo 2.6 Uruguay 2.6

19 Lebanon 2.7 20 Andorra 2.8

Gambia, The 2.8 Laos 2.8 Macau 2.8 Rwanda 2.8 Tajikistan 2.8

a Tertiary education includes all levels of post-secondary education including coursesleading to awards not equivalent to a university degree, courses leading to a firstuniversity degree and postgraduate courses.

Life expectancy

80 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Highest male life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Highest female life expectancyYears, 2005–10

1 Andorraa 83.52 Japan 82.83 Hong Kong 82.24 Iceland 81.45 Switzerland 81.16 Australia 81.07 Sweden 80.88 Canada 80.7

Macau 80.710 Israel 80.6

Italy 80.612 Norway 80.213 Spain 80.114 Cayman Islandsa 80.0

France 80.016 New Zealand 79.817 Austria 79.718 Belgium 79.619 Martinique 79.4

Singapore 79.421 Finland 79.3

Germany 79.3Virgin Islands 79.3

24 Cyprus 79.2Faroe Islandsa 79.2

Guadeloupe 79.227 Arubaa 79.1

Luxembourg 79.1Malta 79.1United Arab Emirates 79.1

31 Channel Islands 79.0Netherlands 79.0United Kingdom 79.0

34 Costa Rica 78.835 Greece 78.736 Chile 78.6

Cuba 78.638 Ireland 78.539 South Korea 78.240 Portugal 77.9

United States 77.942 Bermudaa 77.8

Denmark 77.844 Kuwait 77.645 Taiwan 77.346 Slovenia 77.247 Brunei 77.148 Netherlands Antilles 76.949 Puerto Rico 76.850 Barbados 76.4

a 2005 estimate.

1 Andorraa 80.62 Iceland 79.53 Hong Kong 79.34 Japan 79.15 Macau 78.6

Sweden 78.67 Australia 78.58 Israel 78.4

9 Canada 78.2Switzerland 78.2

11 Norway 77.812 New Zealand 77.713 Singapore 77.614 Italy 77.515 United Arab Emirates 77.416 Cayman Islandsa 77.3

1 Andorraa 86.62 Japan 86.43 Hong Kong 85.14 Spain 83.8

Switzerland 83.86 Italy 83.67 France 83.58 Australia 83.49 Iceland 83.2

Virgin Islands 83.211 Canada 83.112 Sweden 83.013 Arubaa 82.7

Belgium 82.7Faroe Islandsa 82.7Macau 82.7

17 Cayman Islandsa 82.6Israel 82.6

1 Swaziland 29.92 Botswana 33.93 Lesotho 34.34 Zimbabwe 37.35 Zambia 39.16 Central African Rep 39.57 Malawi 41.18 Equatorial Guinea 41.59 Mozambique 41.8

10 Angola 41.9Sierra Leone 41.9

12 Liberia 42.513 South Africa 44.114 Nigeria 44.215 Chad 44.316 Rwanda 44.617 Congo-Kinshasa 44.718 Niger 45.419 Guinea-Bissau 45.520 Burundi 45.621 Namibia 45.922 Côte d'Ivoire 46.223 Cameroon 46.324 Tanzania 46.625 Afghanistan 47.7

26 Ethiopia 48.527 Somalia 48.828 Burkina Faso 49.3

Mali 49.330 Kenya 50.331 Uganda 52.132 Gabon 53.333 Congo-Brazzaville 53.5

Haiti 53.535 Guinea 54.436 Mauritania 54.537 Togo 55.838 Benin 55.939 Eritrea 56.040 Madagascar 56.241 Laos 56.542 Sudan 56.943 Papua New Guinea 57.1

Senegal 57.145 Gambia, The 57.746 Cambodia 58.047 Ghana 58.148 Iraq 61.049 Myanmar 61.850 Yemen 62.7

Lowest life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Lowest male life expectancyYears, 2005–10

Lowest female life expectancyYears, 2005–10

LIFE EXPECTANCY 81

1 Swaziland 30.82 Lesotho 34.23 Botswana 35.04 Zimbabwe 38.25 Central African Rep 39.06 Zambia 39.67 Angola 40.5

Sierra Leone 40.59 Equatorial Guinea 41.4

10 Malawi 41.6

11 Mozambique 41.712 Liberia 41.913 Rwanda 43.114 Chad 43.315 Congo-Kinshasa 43.616 Nigeria 44.117 South Africa 44.218 Guinea-Bissau 44.319 Burundi 44.520 Niger 45.4

1 Swaziland 29.22 Botswana 32.73 Lesotho 34.34 Zimbabwe 36.35 Zambia 38.66 Central African Rep 40.07 Malawi 40.68 Equatorial Guinea 41.69 Mozambique 41.9

10 Liberia 43.111 Sierra Leone 43.312 Angola 43.413 South Africa 43.814 Nigeria 44.315 Namibia 45.116 Chad 45.4

Niger 45.418 Congo-Kinshasa 45.8

Death rates and infant mortality

82 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest death ratesNumber of deaths per 1,000 population, 2005–10

1 Swaziland 31.22 Botswana 28.43 Lesotho 26.44 Zimbabwe 23.05 Sierra Leone 22.56 Central African Rep 21.87 Zambia 21.28 Angola 21.19 Equatorial Guinea 20.9

10 South Africa 20.611 Liberia 20.312 Malawi 19.9

Mozambique 19.914 Chad 19.5

Niger 19.516 Congo-Kinshasa 19.217 Guinea-Bissau 19.018 Nigeria 18.419 Afghanistan 18.020 Burundi 17.9

Rwanda 17.922 Ukraine 16.923 Cameroon 16.824 Côte d'Ivoire 16.725 Mali 16.4

Namibia 16.427 Tanzania 16.328 Somalia 16.129 Russia 16.030 Burkina Faso 15.831 Ethiopia 15.432 Belarus 15.033 Bulgaria 14.534 Kenya 13.835 Estonia 13.6

Latvia 13.637 Uganda 13.538 Gabon 13.039 Guinea 12.940 Hungary 12.941 Mauritania 12.842 Haiti 12.743 Romania 12.644 Congo-Brazzaville 12.2

Lithuania 12.246 Croatia 12.147 Georgia 11.848 Benin 11.6

49 Laos 11.3Togo 11.3

51 Madagascar 11.2Serbia 11.2

53 Czech Republic 11.154 Kazakhstan 11.055 Portugal 10.9

Sudan 10.957 Gambia, The 10.8

Moldova 10.859 Germany 10.7

North Korea 10.7Senegal 10.7

62 Denmark 10.6Italy 10.6

64 Greece 10.565 Slovenia 10.466 Ghana 10.367 Belgium 10.2

United Kingdom 10.269 Cambodia 10.1

Eritrea 10.1Poland 10.1Sweden 10.1

73 Bosnia 9.974 Austria 9.8

Finland 9.8Slovakia 9.8

77 Armenia 9.6France 9.6Papua New Guinea 9.6

80 Channel Islands 9.581 Myanmar 9.3

Norway 9.383 Netherlands 9.1

Spain 9.185 Uruguay 9.086 Macedonia 8.987 Japan 8.8

Switzerland 8.889 Faroe Islandsa 8.790 Trinidad & Tobago 8.591 Iraq 8.4

Malta 8.4United States 8.4

94 India 8.3Puerto Rico 8.3

Note: Both death and, in particular, infant mortality rates can be underestimated incertain countries where not all deaths are officially recorded. a 2005 estimate.

a 2005 estimate.

1 United Arab Emirates 1.32 Kuwait 1.93 Brunei 2.8

Oman 2.85 Qatar 2.96 Bahrain 3.4

Syria 3.48 Saudi Arabia 3.7

West Bank and Gaza 3.710 Jordan 4.011 Costa Rica 4.1

Libya 4.113 Mexico 4.514 Malaysia 4.7

Nicaragua 4.716 Cayman Islandsa 4.8

Macau 4.8Paraguay 4.8Philippines 4.8

20 Algeria 4.921 French Polynesia 5.0

Guam 5.0New Caledonia 5.0Panama 5.0Venezuela 5.0

1 Singapore 3.02 Iceland 3.1

Japan 3.14 Sweden 3.25 Norway 3.36 South Korea 3.67 Finland 3.7

Hong Kong 3.79 Andorraa 4.1

Belgium 4.111 France 4.3

Germany 4.3Switzerland 4.3

14 Austria 4.4Netherlands 4.4Spain 4.4

17 Australia 4.618 Denmark 4.719 Canada 4.8

Israel 4.821 Cuba 4.922 Italy 5.0

Luxembourg 5.0New Zealand 5.0United Kingdom 5.0

1 Sierra Leone 159.82 Niger 145.43 Afghanistan 141.94 Angola 141.65 Liberia 132.06 Mali 125.87 Burkina Faso 115.68 Côte d'Ivoire 113.89 Somalia 113.1

10 Congo-Kinshasa 112.511 Rwanda 112.312 Chad 111.513 Guinea-Bissau 111.014 Nigeria 108.115 Tanzania 104.016 Malawi 102.617 Burundi 98.918 Benin 97.619 Guinea 96.720 Equatorial Guinea 94.5

21 Central African Rep 93.222 Ethiopia 90.923 Cameroon 90.724 Mozambique 90.625 Zambia 88.426 Mauritania 88.127 Togo 87.528 Cambodia 87.329 Tajikistan 85.230 Iraq 81.531 Laos 79.632 Senegal 77.233 Uganda 76.634 Turkmenistan 74.735 Azerbaijan 72.236 Madagascar 71.237 Pakistan 70.538 Congo-Brazzaville 68.0

Gambia, The 68.040 Myanmar 66.4

Highest infant mortalityNumber of deaths per 1,000 live births, 2005–10

Lowest death ratesNo. deaths per 1,000 pop.,2005–10

Lowest infant mortalityNo. deaths per 1,000 live births,2005–10

DEATH RATES AND INFANT MORTALITY 83

Diabetes% of population aged 20–79,2003

Heart diseaseDeaths per 100,000 population,2002

1 Sierra Leone 2,000 2 Afghanistan 1,900 3 Malawi 1,800 4 Angola 1,700 5 Niger 1,600 6 Tanzania 1,500 7 Rwanda 1,400 8 Mali 1,200 9 Central African Rep 1,100

Chad 1,100 Guinea-Bissau 1,100 Somalia 1,100 Zimbabwe 1,100

14 Burkina Faso 1,000 Burundi 1,000 Kenya 1,000 Mauritania 1,000 Mozambique 1,000

19 Congo-Kinshasa 990 20 Equatorial Guinea 880

Uganda 880 22 Benin 850

Ethiopia 850

1 Swaziland 1,226 2 South Africa 718 3 Namibia 717 4 Lesotho 696 5 Zambia 680 6 Zimbabwe 674 7 Botswana 670 8 Kenya 619 9 Cambodia 510

10 Mozambique 460 11 Sierra Leone 443 12 Malawi 413 13 Somalia 411 14 Uganda 402 15 Côte d'Ivoire 393 16 Congo-Brazzaville 377 17 Rwanda 371 18 Congo-Kinshasa 366 19 Togo 355 20 Ethiopia 353 21 Tanzania 347 22 Burundi 343 23 Afghanistan 333

Death and disease

84 WORLD RANKINGS

Maternal mortality rate TuberculosisDeaths per 100,000 live births, Incidence per 100,000 population, estimates, 2000 2004

1 United Arab Emirates 20.12 Cuba 13.2

Puerto Rico 13.24 Kuwait 12.85 Singapore 12.36 Oman 11.47 Mauritius 10.78 Germany 10.29 Bulgaria 10.0

Dominican Republic 10.011 Latvia 9.9

Spain 9.913 Egypt 9.814 Estonia 9.7

Hungary 9.7Ukraine 9.7

17 Austria 9.6Bosnia 9.6Slovenia 9.6

1 Ukraine 6862 Belarus 6013 Georgia 5034 Russia 4685 Estonia 4666 Moldova 4357 Latvia 4268 Lithuania 4239 Kazakhstan 336

10 Bulgaria 32911 Hungary 29712 Armenia 27713 Romania 271

Slovakia 27115 Azerbaijan 26916 Croatia 26317 Czech Republic 25318 Turkmenistan 24319 Finland 240

Note: Statistics are not available for all countries. The number of cases diagnosed andreported depends on the quality of medical practice and administration and can beunder-reported in a number of countries.

1 Swaziland 1,4552 Zimbabwe 1,3953 Lesotho 1,2784 Botswana 1,0005 Zambia 8996 Namibia 8507 Mozambique 7298 South Africa 7089 Malawi 634

10 Central African Rep 61511 Kenya 43212 Côte d'Ivoire 38513 Tanzania 37114 Uganda 34115 Gabon 33616 Congo-Brazzaville 28917 Cameroon 28218 Rwanda 24719 Angola 21320 Equatorial Guinea 19721 Belize 19222 Haiti 190

1 Swaziland 33.42 Botswana 24.13 Lesotho 23.24 Zimbabwe 20.15 Namibia 19.66 South Africa 18.87 Zambia 17.08 Mozambique 16.19 Malawi 14.1

10 Central African Rep 10.711 Gabon 7.912 Côte d'Ivoire 7.113 Uganda 6.714 Tanzania 6.515 Kenya 6.116 Cameroon 5.417 Congo-Brazzaville 5.318 Nigeria 3.919 Guinea-Bissau 3.8

Haiti 3.821 Angola 3.722 Chad 3.5

DEATH AND DISEASE 85

Measles immunisationLowest % of children aged12–23 months, 2004

DPTa immunisationLowest % of children aged12–23 months, 2004

1 Central African Rep 35Nigeria 35

3 Laos 364 Somalia 405 Liberia 426 Papua New Guinea 447 Côte d'Ivoire 498 Haiti 549 Gabon 55

10 Chad 56India 56

12 Senegal 5713 Madagascar 59

Sudan 5915 Afghanistan 6116 Angola 64

Bolivia 64Cameroon 64Congo-Kinshasa 64Mauritania 64Sierra Leone 64

1 Nigeria 252 Somalia 303 Liberia 314 Gabon 385 Central African Rep 406 Haiti 437 Laos 458 Papua New Guinea 469 Chad 50

Côte d'Ivoire 5011 Sudan 5512 Angola 5913 Madagascar 61

Sierra Leone 6115 Niger 6216 Congo-Kinshasa 64

India 6418 Pakistan 6519 Afghanistan 6620 Congo-Brazzaville 6721 Guinea 69

HIV/AIDSPrevalence among populationaged 15–49, %, 2005

AIDSEstimated deaths per 100,000pop., 2005

a Diptheria, pertussis and tetanus

Health

86 WORLD RANKINGS

Highest health spendingAs % of GDP

Lowest health spendingAs % of GDP

1 Congo-Kinshasa 2.02 Pakistan 2.43 Somalia 2.64 Iraq 2.7

Madagascar 2.7Qatar 2.7

7 Angola 2.8Myanmar 2.8

9 Bhutan 3.1Burundi 3.1Indonesia 3.1

12 Laos 3.2Oman 3.2Philippines 3.2

15 Thailand 3.3United Arab Emirates 3.3

17 Bangladesh 3.4Papua New Guinea 3.4

19 Bermuda 3.5Brunei 3.5Kazakhstan 3.5Kuwait 3.5Sierra Leone 3.5Sri Lanka 3.5

25 Azerbaijan 3.6Côte d'Ivoire 3.6

27 Fiji 3.7Mauritius 3.7

29 Malaysia 3.830 Trinidad & Tobago 3.9

Turkmenistan 3.9

Highest pop. per doctor Lowest pop. per doctor1 Congo-Kinshasa 71,9582 Malawi 46,2413 Tanzania 45,8644 Ethiopia 37,3975 Mozambique 37,3546 Burundi 35,5007 Liberia 33,9818 Niger 32,8919 Sierra Leone 30,952

10 Chad 25,79711 Togo 22,22212 Benin 22,18613 Rwanda 21,19714 Papua New Guinea 21,09115 Lesotho 20,22516 Eritrea 20,00017 Bhutan 19,492

1 Cuba 1702 Estonia 2123 Belarus 2204 Belgium 2235 Greece 2296 Russia 2347 Italy 2388 Georgia 2439 Turkmenistan 245

10 Lithuania 24911 Israel 26912 Uruguay 27513 Bulgaria 277

Iceland 27715 Switzerland 27816 Armenia 282

Kazakhstan 282

1 United States 15.22 Switzerland 11.53 Germany 11.14 Cambodia 10.95 Iceland 10.56 Norway 10.37 Lebanon 10.28 France 10.19 Canada 9.9

Greece 9.911 Netherlands 9.8

Uruguay 9.813 Portugal 9.6

Serbia 9.615 Australia 9.5

Bosnia 9.517 Belgium 9.4

Jordan 9.4Sweden 9.4

20 Malawi 9.3Malta 9.3

22 Denmark 9.023 Argentina 8.9

Israel 8.925 Slovenia 8.826 Hungary 8.4

Italy 8.4South Africa 8.4

29 El Salvador 8.1Gambia, The 8.1New Zealand 8.1

1 Japan 14.32 Belarus 11.33 Russia 10.54 Germany 8.95 Czech Republic 8.8

Ukraine 8.87 Lithuania 8.78 Austria 8.3

Azerbaijan 8.310 Luxembourg 8.011 Hungary 7.8

Latvia 7.813 France 7.7

Kazakhstan 7.715 Australia 7.4

16 Finland 7.2Slovakia 7.2

18 South Korea 7.119 Belgium 6.920 Moldova 6.721 Romania 6.622 Bulgaria 6.3

Taiwan 6.324 Israel 6.1

New Zealand 6.1Tajikistan 6.1

27 Croatia 6.0Estonia 6.0Serbia 6.0Switzerland 6.0

Most hospital bedsBeds per 1,000 pop.

HEALTH 87

Obesitya

Men, % of total population Women, % of total population

Note: Data for these health rankings refer to the latest year available, 1999–2003.a Defined as body mass index of 30 or more – see Glossary, page 246.

1 Qatar 45.32 Saudi Arabia 44.03 West Bank and Gaza 42.54 Lebanon 38.35 Panama 36.16 Albania 35.67 Bahrain 34.18 United States 34.09 Egypt 32.4

10 United Arab Emirates 31.411 Iran 30.012 Kuwait 29.913 Turkey 29.414 Mexico 29.015 Scotland 26.016 Israel 25.717 Mongolia 24.618 Jamaica 23.919 England 23.820 Cyprus 23.721 Germany 23.322 Oman 23.123 Peru 23.024 Australia 22.225 Morocco 21.726 Russia 21.627 Trinidad & Tobago 21.128 Fiji 19.329 Mauritania 19.230 Wales 18.0

1 Lebanon 36.32 Qatar 34.63 Kuwait 32.84 Panama 27.95 United States 27.76 Cyprus 26.67 Saudi Arabia 26.48 West Bank and Gaza 23.99 Bahrain 23.3

10 Albania 22.811 England 22.712 Germany 22.513 Scotland 22.314 Ireland 20.115 Israel 19.916 Mexico 19.417 Australia 19.318 United Arab Emirates 17.119 Wales 17.020 Oman 16.721 Slovenia 16.5

Turkey 16.523 Lithuania 16.224 Canada 16.0

Peru 16.026 Luxembourg 15.327 Sweden 14.828 Portugal 14.529 Switzerland 14.130 Mongolia 13.8

Marriage and divorce

88 WORLD RANKINGS

a Guernsey onlyNote: The data are based on latest available figures and hence will be affected by thepopulation age structure at the time. Marriage rates refer to registered marriages onlyand, therefore, reflect the customs surrounding registry and efficiency ofadministration.

1 Cyprus 15.02 Bermuda 13.83 Barbados 13.14 Vietnam 12.15 Bangladesh 11.26 Egypt 11.07 Iran 10.28 Fiji 9.99 Cayman Islands 9.6

10 Sri Lanka 9.311 Albania 8.8

Mauritius 8.813 Jamaica 8.5

Turkey 8.515 Guam 8.2

United States 8.217 West Bank and Gaza 7.518 Iraq 7.319 Taiwan 7.220 Macedonia 7.121 Aruba 6.9

Belarus 6.9Moldova 6.9

24 Kyrkyzstan 6.8Uzbekistan 6.8

26 Australia 6.727 Philippines 6.628 Mexico 6.5

Puerto Rico 6.5Thailand 6.5

31 Portugal 6.432 Singapore 6.3

South Korea 6.334 Belize 6.2

China 6.236 Brunei 6.1

Croatia 6.138 Costa Rica 6.0

Denmark 6.0Tajikistan 6.0

41 Malta 5.942 Bahamas 5.8

Greece 5.8Mongolia 5.8

45 Bahrain 5.7Channel Islandsa 5.7Japan 5.7Ukraine 5.7

49 Algeria 5.6Serbia 5.6

51 Guatemala 5.552 Bosnia 5.453 Ireland 5.3

Romania 5.3Trinidad & Tobago 5.3Turkmenistan 5.3

57 France 5.2Netherlands 5.2Norway 5.2United Kingdom 5.2

Highest marriage ratesNumber of marriages per 1,000 population

Lowest marriage ratesNumber of marriages per 1,000 population

1 Andorra 2.8Dominican Republic 2.8

3 Georgia 2.9Macau 2.9Saudi Arabia 2.9

6 Latvia 3.07 Panama 3.1

United Arab Emirates 3.19 Estonia 3.2

Poland 3.211 Belgium 3.5

Qatar 3.5

Slovenia 3.514 Argentina 3.6

Bulgaria 3.6Martinique 3.6

17 El Salvador 3.8Hong Kong 3.8

19 Czech Republic 3.9Guadeloupe 3.9Nicaragua 3.9

22 New Caledonia 4.0Peru 4.0

24 Sweden 4.1

1 Aruba 5.32 United States 4.83 Belarus 4.54 Guam 4.35 Uruguay 4.26 Moldova 4.17 Puerto Rico 3.78 South Korea 3.59 Ukraine 3.4

10 Czech Republic 3.3Lithuania 3.3New Zealand 3.3

13 Estonia 3.214 Bermuda 3.0

Cuba 3.0Netherlands Antilles 3.0Russia 3.0United Kingdom 3.0

19 Channel Islandsa 2.920 Australia 2.8

Denmark 2.8Switzerland 2.8

23 Finland 2.724 Hungary 2.625 Latvia 2.526 Belgium 2.4

Germany 2.4Norway 2.4

29 Canada 2.3

Kazakhstan 2.3Luxembourg 2.3

32 Austria 2.2Japan 2.2

34 Guadeloupe 2.1Israel 2.1Romania 2.1Sweden 2.1

38 Netherlands 1.9Taiwan 1.9

40 France 1.8Hong Kong 1.8Iceland 1.8Singapore 1.8

44 Bahamas 1.7Portugal 1.7Slovakia 1.7Suriname 1.7

48 Cayman Islands 1.649 Egypt 1.550 Barbados 1.4

Kuwait 1.452 Bulgaria 1.353 Albania 1.2

Jordan 1.2Martinique 1.2Tunisia 1.2Turkmenistan 1.2

Highest divorce ratesNumber of divorces per 1,000 population

MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 89

Lowest divorce ratesNumber of divorces per 1,000 population

a Guernsey only

1 Belize 0.2Colombia 0.2

3 Libya 0.34 Georgia 0.4

Mongolia 0.4Tajikistan 0.4

7 Bosnia 0.5Brazil 0.5Chile 0.5Mexico 0.5Vietnam 0.5

12 Armenia 0.6El Salvador 0.6Jamaica 0.6

Nicaragua 0.6Panama 0.6Turkey 0.6Uzbekistan 0.6

19 Azerbaijan 0.7Ecuador 0.7Ireland 0.7Macedonia 0.7

23 China 0.8Italy 0.8Spain 0.8

26 Greece 0.9Venezuela 0.9

Households and prices

90 WORLD RANKINGS

1 China 378.092 India 202.883 United States 110.244 Indonesia 57.415 Russia 52.886 Brazil 51.617 Japan 48.488 Germany 39.179 Nigeria 26.10

10 United Kingdom 25.2611 Bangladesh 25.1112 France 24.8813 Vietnam 24.6714 Mexico 24.16

15 Italy 23.0316 Pakistan 21.5317 Ukraine 19.7618 South Korea 17.0419 Congo 16.9220 Thailand 16.9021 Philippines 16.7622 Egypt 15.5423 Turkey 15.1324 Spain 15.0425 Ethiopia 14.4426 Poland 13.5127 Myanmar 13.3328 Iran 12.67

Biggest number of householdsa

m

Biggest householdsa

Population per dwelling

a Latest available year.b The cost of living index shown is compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit for use

by companies in determining expatriate compensation: it is a comparison of the costof maintaining a typical international lifestyle in the country rather than acomparison of the purchasing power of a citizen of the country. The index is based ontypical urban prices an international executive and family will face abroad. The prices

1 Congo-Brazzaville 8.1 2 Pakistan 7.2 3 Kuwait 6.4

United Arab Emirates 6.4 5 Gabon 6.3

Guinea 6.3 7 Cambodia 6.2

Réunion 6.2 9 Algeria 6.1

Sudan 6.1 11 Bangladesh 5.9

Saudi Arabia 5.9 13 French Polynesia 5.8

Uzbekistan 5.8 15 Jordan 5.7

Kyrgyzstan 5.7 17 Guinea-Bissau 5.6

Highest cost of livingb

Autumn 2005, USA=1001 Norway 1402 Japan 1363 Iceland 1354 France 1305 Denmark 1276 United Kingdom 1257 Switzerland 1168 Finland 1159 Austria 113

10 South Korea 11011 Hong Kong 10912 Australia 108

Ireland 10814 Germany 10615 Belgium 105

Sweden 10517 Netherlands 10418 Singapore 10319 United States 10020 Russia 9821 Italy 9722 New Zealand 9623 Spain 9524 Côte d'Ivoire 94

Luxembourg 9426 Canada 9227 Taiwan 88

Turkey 8829 Israel 86

1 Virgin Islands 0.012 Bermuda 0.023 Aruba 0.03

Guam 0.035 French Polynesia 0.04

New Caledonia 0.047 Netherlands Antilles 0.058 Barbados 0.069 Bahamas 0.07

Brunei 0.0711 Suriname 0.0812 Cayman Islands 0.0913 Martinique 0.1014 Belize 0.11

Guadeloupe 0.11

16 Equatorial Guinea 0.12Malta 0.12Réunion 0.12

19 Iceland 0.1320 Macau 0.1521 Fiji 0.16

Luxembourg 0.16Qatar 0.16

24 Bahrain 0.1925 Swaziland 0.2026 Gabon 0.2127 Mauritius 0.2228 Cyprus 0.27

Guinea-Bissau 0.27Trinidad & Tobago 0.27

HOUSEHOLDS AND PRICES 91

Smallest number of householdsa

m

Lowest cost of livingb

Autumn 2005, USA=1001 Iran 332 Philippines 393 Pakistan 434 Paraguay 455 India 47

Libya 477 Bangladesh 488 Costa Rica 539 Argentina 54

Kazakhstan 54Uzbekistan 54

12 Algeria 55Syria 55

14 Egypt 56Sri Lanka 56

16 Venezuela 58

17 Cambodia 5918 Bulgaria 6019 Peru 61

Serbia 61Thailand 61

22 Brunei 6223 Ecuador 64

Indonesia 64Uraguay 64

26 Kuwait 65Malaysia 65Panama 65Romania 65

30 Kenya 66Oman 66

Smallest householdsa

Population per dwelling 1 Germany 2.1

Sweden 2.1 3 Denmark 2.2

Finland 2.2 Switzerland 2.2

6 Iceland 2.3 Netherlands 2.3

Norway 2.3 9 Austria 2.4

Belgium 2.4 Estonia 2.4 France 2.4 Ukraine 2.4 United Kingdom 2.4

c are for products of international comparable quality found in a supermarket ordepartment store. Prices found in local markets and bazaars are not used unless theavailable merchandise is of the specified quality and the shopping area itself is safefor executive and family members. New York City prices are used as the base, so UnitedStates = 100.

Consumer goods ownership

92 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Belgium 99.6 United States 99.6

3 Taiwan 99.4 4 Finland 99.3

Ireland 99.3 6 Hong Kong 99.1 7 Japan 99.0 8 Saudi Arabia 98.9 9 Canada 98.8

10 Netherlands 98.7 Singapore 98.7

12 Spain 98.5 13 United Kingdom 98.2 14 Portugal 98.1 15 New Zealand 98.0 16 Austria 97.6 17 Germany 97.3 18 Sweden 97.1 19 United Arab Emirates 97.0 20 Switzerland 96.9 21 Israel 96.6 22 Italy 96.0 23 France 95.9 24 Venezuela 95.1 25 South Korea 93.6

26 Norway 93.5 27 Jordan 93.0 28 Slovenia 92.6 29 Denmark 92.5 30 Australia 92.0 31 Czech Republic 91.9 32 Greece 91.7 33 Kuwait 91.4 34 Argentina 91.2 35 Tunisia 90.7 36 Mexico 90.5 37 Malaysia 90.3 38 Hungary 89.2 39 Croatia 89.0 40 Brazil 87.5 41 Colombia 86.7 42 Estonia 86.2 43 Poland 85.6 44 Slovakia 84.0 45 Thailand 83.9 46 Belarus 80.4 47 Ukraine 76.9 48 Lithuania 76.7 49 Russia 75.2 50 Algeria 74.3

TVColour TVs per 100 households

TelephoneTelephone lines per 100 people

1 Bermuda 86.2 2 Luxembourg 79.8 3 Sweden 71.5 4 Switzerland 71.0 5 Iceland 66.4 6 Germany 66.2 7 Denmark 64.5 8 Canada 64.3 9 Virgin Islands 63.9

10 United States 60.6 11 Taiwan 59.6 12 Australia 58.6 13 Greece 57.8 14 United Kingdom 56.4 15 France 56.0 16 South Korea 55.3 17 Hong Kong 54.4 18 Andorra 52.3 19 Cyprus 51.8 20 Malta 51.6 21 Guam 50.9 22 Barbados 50.1

23 Faroe Islands 49.8 24 Guadeloupe 48.7 25 Netherlands 48.4 26 Norway 47.2 27 Belgium 46.4

Ireland 46.4 29 Austria 46.2

Italy 46.2 31 New Zealand 46.1 32 Japan 46.0 33 Greenland 45.7 34 Finland 45.4 35 Martinique 44.5 36 Bahamas 44.1 37 Israel 43.7 38 Singapore 43.2 39 Croatia 42.7 40 Spain 41.5 41 Réunion 41.0 42 Slovenia 40.7 43 Portugal 40.3 44 Macau 37.4

1 Norway 90.1 2 Denmark 90.0 3 Netherlands 87.8 4 New Zealand 87.6 5 Germany 87.1 6 United Kingdom 86.8 7 Australia 85.0 8 Sweden 84.3 9 Canada 81.1

10 Taiwan 70.6 11 Austria 70.5 12 Japan 68.5

13 Belgium 68.0 14 Finland 64.8 15 Switzerland 59.8 16 United States 59.6 17 Hong Kong 57.7 18 Singapore 56.6 19 Portugal 44.7 20 Ireland 42.1 21 Spain 41.7 22 Peru 35.1 23 Saudi Arabia 33.1 24 United Arab Emirates 31.1

CONSUMER GOODS OWNERSHIP 93

CD playerCD players per 100 households

ComputerComputers per 100 people

Mobile telephoneSubscribers per 100 people

1 Switzerland 82.3 2 United States 76.2 3 Sweden 76.1 4 Israel 73.4 5 Canada 69.8 6 Australia 68.9 7 Netherlands 68.5 8 Denmark 65.5 9 Singapore 62.2

10 Luxembourg 62.1 11 Hong Kong 60.5 12 United Kingdom 60.0 13 Norway 57.8 14 Austria 57.6 15 South Korea 54.5 16 Japan 54.2 17 Taiwan 52.8

18 Bermuda 52.3 19 Ireland 49.7 20 New Zealand 49.3 21 France 48.7 22 Germany 48.5 23 Finland 48.2 24 Estonia 47.4 25 Iceland 47.1 26 Réunion 36.3 27 Slovenia 35.5 28 Belgium 35.1 29 Saudi Arabia 34.0 30 Malta 31.5 31 Italy 31.3 32 Cyprus 30.9 33 Slovakia 29.6 34 Macau 29.0

1 Luxembourg 138.2 2 Hong Kong 118.8 3 Sweden 108.5 4 Italy 108.2 5 Czech Republic 105.6 6 Israel 105.3 7 Norway 103.6 8 United Kingdom 102.2 9 Slovenia 100.5

10 Taiwan 100.3 11 Lithuania 99.3 12 Iceland 99.0 13 Portugal 98.4 14 Austria 97.4 15 Estonia 96.0

16 Finland 95.6 17 Denmark 95.5 18 Ireland 93.5 19 Andorra 93.4 20 Macau 92.9 21 Netherlands 91.2 22 Bahrain 90.6 23 Netherlands Antilles 90.1 24 Singapore 89.5

Spain 89.5 26 Aruba 89.4 27 Belgium 88.3 28 Germany 86.4

Hungary 86.4 30 Faroe Islands 85.8

Books and newspapers

94 WORLD RANKINGS

1 United Kingdom 8,548.8 2 United States 7,648.4 3 Germany 5,788.9 4 China 5,274.9 5 France 2,521.3 6 Ireland 2,276.9 7 Singapore 2,001.0 8 Japan 1,805.1 9 Canada 1,577.2

10 Austria 1,561.1 11 Netherlands 1,546.4 12 Spain 1,532.7 13 Switzerland 1,383.9 14 Italy 1,380.7 15 Mexico 1,244.4 16 Belgium 1,130.0 17 Sweden 875.3 18 Hungary 719.5 19 Hong Kong 577.9 20 Denmark 498.8 21 South Korea 388.4 22 Russia 347.1 23 Australia 317.7 24 Finland 290.2 25 India 284.4 26 Czech Republic 218.6 27 Malaysia 215.9 28 Poland 209.3 29 Portugal 158.0 30 Israel 155.0

1 United States 15,338.6 2 United Kingdom 7,871.9 3 Germany 4,162.1 4 Canada 3,829.9 5 France 3,406.8 6 Switzerland 2,466.0 7 China 2,189.2 8 Japan 2,014.2 9 Italy 1,819.4

10 Belgium 1,510.7 11 Spain 1,484.6 12 Netherlands 1,425.5 13 Australia 1,210.0 14 Mexico 1,149.4 15 Austria 1,078.0 16 South Korea 1,021.0 17 Sweden 830.1 18 India 803.6 19 Singapore 639.5 20 Ireland 574.8 21 Norway 552.4 22 Denmark 514.4 23 Portugal 394.0 24 Russia 372.9 25 Finland 344.4 26 South Africa 309.4 27 New Zealand 301.7 28 Czech Republic 287.4 29 Poland 260.9 30 Brazil 235.5

Cultural goodsa

Exports, 2002, $m Imports, 2002, $m

Daily newspapersCopies per ’000 population, latest year

1 Iceland 5482 Norway 5283 Sweden 4924 Finland 4285 Bulgaria 3906 United States 3817 Denmark 3698 Switzerland 3469 Austria 316

10 United Kingdom 31111 Germany 26912 Netherlands 25713 Singapore 24914 Luxembourg 24615 Hong Kong 213

16 Turkmenistan 20017 Estonia 19218 New Zealand 19019 Slovenia 17420 South Africa 16621 Latvia 16522 Czech Republic 16323 Hungary 15124 Italy 14225 China 14126 Belgium 14027 Ireland 13228 France 12929 Australia 12630 Croatia 116

MUSIC AND THE INTERNET 95

Internet hostsBy country, January 2006 Per 1,000 pop., January 2006

Music sales: Total$m, 2005

1 United Statesb 246,745,0302 Japan 24,903,7953 Argentina 14,664,7194 Italy 11,222,9605 Germany 9,852,7986 Netherlands 7,258,1597 France 6,863,1568 Australia 6,039,4869 United Kingdom 5,778,422

10 Brazil 5,094,73011 Taiwan 3,943,55512 Poland 3,941,76913 Canada 3,622,70614 Sweden 2,817,01015 Mexico 2,555,04716 Belgium 2,546,14817 Finland 2,505,80518 Spain 2,459,61419 Denmark 2,316,37020 Switzerland 2,125,26921 Norway 2,109,28322 Austria 1,957,15423 Russia 1,628,98724 Portugal 1,378,81725 Israel 1,212,264

1 United States 830.82 Iceland 660.43 Finland 481.94 Norway 458.55 Netherlands 448.06 Denmark 429.07 Argentina 377.08 Sweden 316.59 Australia 303.5

10 Switzerland 295.211 Estonia 273.112 New Zealand 249.213 Belgium 247.214 Austria 241.615 Italy 195.916 Japan 194.917 Cayman Islands 190.318 Singapore 187.019 Israel 183.720 Luxembourg 183.221 Taiwan 173.722 Bermuda 156.023 Andorra 151.224 Portugal 136.525 Aruba 135.8

1 United States 12,269 2 Japan 5,448 3 United Kingdom 3,446 4 Germany 2,211 5 France 1,990 6 Canada 732 7 Australia 674 8 Italy 669 9 Spain 555

10 Netherlands 431

11 Mexico 412 12 Brazil 394 13 Russia 388 14 Austria 285 15 Switzerland 267 16 Belgium 262 17 South Africa 254 18 Norway 253 19 Sweden 240 20 Denmark 180

Music and the internet

a Includes art, antiques, books, newspapers, music and cultural services.b Includes all hosts ending “.com”, “.net” and “.org”, which exaggerates the numbers.

Music sales: Digital downloadsTrade revenues, $m, 2005

1 United States 636 2 Japan 278 3 United Kingdom 69 4 Germany 39 5 France 28

6 Italy 16 7 Canada 15 8 South Korea 12 9 Australia 7

10 Netherlands 5

96 WORLD RANKINGS

Nobel prize winners: 1901–2005

1 United States 172 United Kingdom 113 France 94 Sweden 55 Belgium 4

Germany 47 Austria 3

Norway 3South Africa 3

10 Argentina 2Egypt 2Israel 2Russia 2Switzerland 2

1 United States 492 United Kingdom 213 Germany 144 Sweden 75 France 6

Switzerland 67 Austria 5

Denmark 59 Australia 3

Belgium 3Italy 3

Peace Economicsa

Literature Physiology or medicine

1 United States 292 United Kingdom 83 Norway 2

Sweden 25 France 1

Germany 1Israel 1Netherlands 1Russia 1

1 United States 412 United Kingdom 223 Germany 144 France 75 Switzerland 66 Sweden 57 Canada 4

Japan 49 Argentina 1

Austria 1Belgium 1Czech Republic 1Denmark 1Finland 1Israel 1Italy 1Netherlands 1Norway 1Russia 1

Physics Chemistry

1 France 142 United States 123 United Kingdom 104 Germany 75 Sweden 66 Italy 5

Spain 58 Norway 3

Poland 3Russia 3

1 United States 472 United Kingdom 193 Germany 184 France 85 Netherlands 6

Russia 67 Japan 4

Sweden 4Switzerland 4

10 Austria 3Italy 3

12 Canada 2Denmark 2

14 Colombia 1India 1Ireland 1Pakistan 1Poland 1

a Since 1969.Notes: Prizes by country of residence at time awarded. When prizes have been shared in thesamefield,onecreditgiventoeachcountry.Onlytoprankingsineachfieldareincluded.

Olympic medal winners

1 United States 895 690 6042 Soviet Uniona 440 357 3253 United Kingdom 180 233 2254 France 173 187 2035 Italy 172 136 1536 Germanyb 162 191 2057 Germany (East) 153 129 1278 Hungary 148 130 1549 Sweden 138 154 171

10 China 112 96 7811 Australia 100 106 13112 Finland 100 80 11313 Japan 98 97 10314 Romania 74 86 10615 Netherlands 60 65 8416 Russiac 59 53 4717 Poland 56 72 11318 Germany (West) 56 67 8119 Cuba 56 46 4120 Canada 52 79 99

Summer games, 1896–2004Gold Silver Bronze

Winter games, 1924–2006Gold Silver Bronze

1 Germanyb 129 117 932 Norway 96 102 753 Soviet Uniona 87 63 674 United States 78 81 595 Austria 50 64 706 Sweden 46 32 347 Finland 42 57 528 Canada 38 38 449 Switzerland 37 37 43

10 Italy 36 31 3311 Russia 35 26 2112 France 25 24 3213 Netherlands 25 30 2314 South Korea 17 8 615 Japan 9 10 1316 United Kingdom 8 5 1517 China 4 16 1318 Croatia 4 3 019 Estonia 4 1 120 Australia 3 0 2

OLYMPIC MEDAL WINNERS 97

a 1952-1992.b Germany 1896-1936, unified teams in 1956-64, then since 1992.c Russia 1896-1912, then since 1996.Note: Figures exclude mixed teams in 1896, 1900 and 1904 and Australasia teams in1908 and 1912.

1 Greece 8.52 Bulgaria 6.83 Macedonia 6.34 Japan 6.2

Spain 6.26 Bosnia 6.0

Russian 6.08 Czech Republic 5.6

Ukraine 5.610 Serbia 5.511 Cyprus 5.2

Moldova 5.2Poland 5.2Slovenia 5.2Switzerland 5.2

16 Belgium 5.1Taiwan 5.1

18 Belarus 4.7Kazakhstan 4.7

20 South Korea 4.6

Drinking and smoking

98 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Portugal 31.52 Switzerland 30.13 Italy 29.14 Argentina 28.25 France 28.06 Denmark 24.97 Hungary 24.08 Germany 21.99 Belgium 19.1

Netherlands 19.111 United Kingdom 16.912 Australia 16.7

New Zealand 16.714 Austria 16.515 Chile 15.2

Sweden 15.217 Spain 12.818 Iraq 12.419 Norway 11.220 Finland 10.121 Czech Republic 10.022 Greece 9.0

1 Germany 99.0 2 Czech Republic 96.4 3 Denmark 95.6 4 Australia 93.9 5 Finland 90.5 6 Austria 87.3 7 Hungary 79.3 8 New Zealand 78.0 9 Russia 77.6

10 Netherlands 77.3 11 United States 74.9 12 Venezuela 70.8 13 Slovakia 67.5 14 Belgium 67.2

Canada 67.2 16 Portugal 65.8 17 United Kingdom 64.9 18 Poland 63.6 19 Argentina 63.0 20 Sweden 62.9 21 Switzerland 61.9 22 France 57.0 23 Norway 53.7 24 Japan 53.4

Beer drinkersOff-trade sales, litres per head of pop.

Wine drinkersOff-trade sales, litres per headof pop.

Alcoholic drinksOff-trade sales, litres per head of pop.

SmokersAv. ann. consumption ofcigarettes per head per day

1 Czech Republic 81.72 Germany 69.23 Venezuela 67.74 Denmark 66.65 Austria 66.36 Australia 66.17 Finland 63.38 United States 62.79 Slovakia 56.6

10 New Zealand 54.611 Netherlands 54.212 Canada 52.413 Russia 51.814 Hungary 51.415 Poland 48.916 Belgium 45.017 Bulgaria 42.018 Romania 41.119 Mexico 39.920 Sweden 39.721 South Africa 39.222 Norway 37.923 Japan 37.2

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT 99

PoliceTotal police personnel per 100,000 pop.

Crimea

Tot. recorded crimes per 100,000 pop.1 Mauritius 756 2 Italy 560 3 Barbados 516 4 Portugal 491 5 Hong Kong 487 6 Macedonia 482 7 Kazakhstan 464 8 Czech Republic 445 9 Latvia 436

10 Thailand 355 11 Malaysia 354 12 Slovakia 347 13 Lithuania 345 14 Singapore 324 15 Slovenia 318 16 Moldova 314 17 Ireland 307 18 Spain 293 19 Germany 292 20 Hungary 289

1 New Zealand 11,152 2 Finland 10,243 3 United Kingdom 9,767 4 Denmark 9,450 5 Chile 9,276 6 Netherlands 8,212 7 Canada 8,041 8 South Africa 7,997 9 Germany 7,621

10 Norway 7,350 11 France 6,404 12 Swaziland 4,803 13 Hungary 4,501 14 Estonia 4,222 15 Barbados 4,085 16 Italy 3,823 17 Czech Republic 3,801 18 Switzerland 3,774 19 Portugal 3,634 20 Slovenia 3,401

Crime and punishment

PrisonersTotal prison pop., latest availableyear

Per 100,000 pop., latestavailable year

1 United States 2,135,901 2 China 1,548,498 3 Russia 828,900 4 Brazil 336,358 5 India 322,357 6 Mexico 201,931 7 Ukraine 170,057 8 Thailand 168,264 9 South Africa 156,175

10 Iran 135,132 11 Rwanda 87,000 12 Pakistan 86,000 13 Poland 85,048 14 United Kingdom 84,945 15 Indonesia 84,357 16 Germany 80,413 17 Japan 76,413 18 Bangladesh 74,170 19 Colombia 68,545 20 Philippines 67,968 21 Ethiopia 65,000 22 Egypt 61,845 23 Spain 61,333

1 Rwanda 1,0242 United States 7193 Russia 5824 Belarus 5305 Virgin Islands 5246 Belize 4957 Bermuda 4908 Cuba 4879 Cayman Islands 468

10 Turkmenistan 44911 Suriname 43912 Bahamas 41713 Barbados 369

Puerto Rico 36915 Panama 36216 Netherlands Antilles 35517 Ukraine 35318 Singapore 35019 South Africa 34620 Estonia 34321 Kazakhstan 34222 Botswana 33923 Aruba 330

a Including attempted crimes. The definition of offences, the proportion of crimesreported and the efficiency of police administration systems differ so numbers may notbe strictly comparable.

20021 Russia 232 United States 183 France 114 China 35 Japan 26 India 1

Israel 1

20041 United States 212 Russia 173 China 2

France 25 India 1

Sweden 1

20031 United States 242 Russia 193 China 64 France 45 India 2

Japan 2

20051 Russia 212 United States 153 France 54 China 35 Japan 26 India 1

Sweden 1

Stars…

100 WORLD RANKINGS

1957 Man-made satellite Dog in space, Laika1961 Human in space, Yuri Gagarin

Entire day in space, Gherman Titov1963 Woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova1964 Space crew, one pilot and two passengers1965 Space walk, Alexei Leonov

Computer guidance systemEight days in space achieved (needed to travel to moon and back)

1966 Docking between space craft and target vehicleAutopilot re-entry and landing

1968 Live television broadcast from spaceMoon orbit

1969 Astronaut transfer from one craft to another in spaceMoon landing

1971 Space station, SalyutDrive on the moon

1973 Space laboratory, Skylab1978 Non-Amercian, non-Soviet, Vladimir Remek (Czechoslovakia)1982 Space shuttle, Columbia (first craft to carry four crew members)1983 Five crew mission1984 Space walk, untethered

Capture, repair and redeployment of satellite in spaceSeven crew mission

1985 Classified US Defence Department mission1986 Space shuttle explosion, Challenger

Mir space station activated1990 Hubble telescope deployed2001 Dennis Tito, first paying space tourist2003 Space shuttle explosion, Columbia. Shuttle programme suspended

China’s first manned space flight, Yang Liwei2004 SpaceShipOne, first successful private manned space flight 2005 Space shuttle, resumption of flights

Space missionsFirsts and selected events

Space vehicle launchesBy host country

1 North Korea 25.02 Oman 10.03 Eritrea 9.24 Myanmar 9.05 Saudi Arabia 8.86 Israel 8.27 Jordan 7.98 Kuwait 7.89 Syria 7.4

10 Qatar 7.211 Vietnam 6.912 Burundi 6.413 Armenia 6.314 Yemen 6.215 Zimbabwe 5.9

16 Brunei 5.617 Uzbekistan 4.918 Singapore 4.719 Egypt 4.620 Angola 4.3

Bahrain 4.3Russia 4.3

23 Botswana 4.0Colombia 4.0Cuba 4.0

26 Belarus 3.9Ethiopia 3.9

28 Tanzania 3.8United States 3.8

1 China 2,255 8002 United States1,433 1,1403 India 1,325 1,1554 North Korea 1,106 4,7005 Russia 1,037 20,0006 South Korea 687 4,5007 Pakistan 619 5138 Turkey 514 3789 Vietnam 484 4,000

10 Myanmar 48211 Egypt 468 479

12 Iran 420 013 Syria 307 35414 Thailand 306 20015 Brazil 302 1,34016 Indonesia 302 40017 Taiwan 290 1,65718 Germany 284 35819 France 254 2120 Japan 239 4421 Colombia 207 6022 UK 205 272

STARS AND WARS 101

Defence spendingAs % of GDP

Armed forces’000

Regulars Reserves Regulars Reserves

a March 2006. Dates in brackets refer to missions’ start dates.

…and Wars

Middle East (May 1948) 152 0 222 44India/Pakistan (January 1949) 44 0 69 11Cyprus (March 1964) 854 69 143 176Syria (May 1974) 1,123 0 141 43Lebanon (March 1978) 2,030 0 401 256Western Sahara (April 1991) 225 0 224 14Georgia (August 1993) 122 12 290 10Kosovo (June 1999) 36 3,303 3,434 32Congo-Kinshasa (November 1999) 15,748 1,072 2,275 83Ethiopia and Eritrea (July 2000) 3,359 0 409 13Liberia (September 2003) 15,037 1,028 1,393 68Côte d'Ivoire (April 2004) 6,897 697 786 15Burundi (June 2004) 5,323 87 707 20Haiti (June 2004) 7,519 1,776 971 17Sudan (March 2005) 10,000 715 3,641 1

Current UN peacekeeping missionsa

Military Civilian Staff Fatalitiespolice

Environment

102 WORLD RANKINGS

1 New Zealand 88.02 Sweden 87.83 Finland 87.04 Czech Republic 86.05 United Kingdom 85.66 Austria 85.27 Denmark 84.28 Canada 84.09 Ireland 83.3

Malaysia 83.311 Portugal 82.912 France 82.513 Iceland 82.114 Japan 81.915 Costa Rica 81.616 Switzerland 81.417 Colombia 80.418 Greece 80.2

Norway 80.220 Australia 80.121 Italy 79.822 Germany 79.423 Spain 79.224 Slovakia 79.1

Taiwan 79.126 Chile 78.927 Netherlands 78.728 United States 78.529 Cyprus 78.430 Argentina 77.731 Russia 77.5

Slovenia 77.533 Brazil 77.0

Hungary 77.035 Trinidad & Tobago 76.936 Lebanon 76.737 Panama 76.538 Poland 76.239 Belgium 75.940 Ecuador 75.5

1 Niger 25.72 Chad 30.53 Mauritania 32.04 Mali 33.95 Ethiopia 36.76 Angola 39.37 Pakistan 41.18 Burkina Faso 43.29 Bangladesh 43.5

10 Sudan 44.011 Nigeria 44.512 Yemen 45.213 Mozambique 45.714 Guinea-Bissau 46.115 Congo-Kinshasa 46.316 India 47.717 Tajikistan 48.218 Madagascar 48.519 Mongolia 48.820 Haiti 48.921 Guinea 49.222 Congo-Brazzaville 49.423 Sierra Leone 49.524 Cambodia 49.725 Liberia 51.026 Burundi 51.627 Senegal 52.128 Gambia, The 52.3

Turkmenistan 52.3Uzbekistan 52.3

31 Togo 52.832 Laos 52.933 Swaziland 53.934 Cameroon 54.135 Vietnam 54.336 Zambia 54.437 Syria 55.338 Papua New Guinea 55.539 Azerbaijan 55.740 China 56.2

Environmental performance indexa

Highest Lowest

a Score ranges from 0–100 based on six policy categories: environmental health; airquality; water resources; biodiversity and habitat; productive natural resources;sustainable energy.

1 Sweden 99.42 France 99.23 Australia 99.04 United Kingdom 98.95 Finland 98.8

Iceland 98.8Norway 98.8

8 Germany 98.79 Canada 98.6

Ireland 98.611 Denmark 98.512 Switzerland 98.3

United States 98.314 New Zealand 97.915 Austria 97.716 Japan 97.617 Portugal 97.418 Czech Republic 97.3

Slovenia 97.320 Netherlands 97.121 Spain 97.022 Belgium 96.623 Slovakia 96.424 Greece 96.325 Israel 95.926 Italy 95.327 Poland 95.028 Hungary 94.229 Trinidad & Tobago 94.130 Ukraine 93.8

1 Chad 0.02 Niger 1.03 Angola 7.84 Mali 8.65 Burkina Faso 9.96 Ethiopia 10.47 Congo-Kinshasa 12.88 Mozambique 16.79 Guinea-Bissau 17.1

10 Guinea 17.211 Cambodia 18.312 Congo-Brazzaville 19.413 Sierra Leone 20.414 Laos 21.415 Nigeria 23.016 Liberia 23.3

Madagascar 23.318 Zambia 24.019 Sudan 24.520 Central African Rep 26.621 Togo 28.322 Mauritania 28.423 Malawi 29.624 Swaziland 30.025 Burundi 30.626 Rwanda 31.127 Cameroon 31.528 Uganda 31.729 Benin 33.130 Papua New Guinea 34.2

ENVIRONMENT 103

Environmental health scoresa

Highest Lowest

Population with access to improved water sourceLowest, %

a A score ranging from 0-100 based on: child mortality; indoor air pollution; drinkingwater; sanitation; urban air particulates.

1 Afghanistan 132 Ethiopia 223 Somalia 294 Cambodia 345 Papua New Guinea 396 Mozambique 427 Laos 438 Equatorial Guinea 449 Madagascar 45

10 Congo-Brazzaville 46Congo-Kinshasa 46Niger 46

13 Mali 4814 Angola 50

15 Burkina Faso 51Guinea 51Togo 51

18 Swaziland 5219 Zambia 5520 Mauritania 56

Uganda 5622 Eritrea 57

Romania 57Sierra Leone 57

25 Tajikistan 5826 Guinea-Bissau 5927 Nigeria 60

104 WORLD RANKINGS

Air quality scoresa

Highest Lowest1 Uganda 98.02 Gabon 96.13 Rwanda 91.14 Burundi 90.95 Ghana 87.36 Kenya 87.07 Liberia 86.58 Tanzania 86.29 New Zealand 83.7

10 Congo-Kinshasa 82.3Togo 82.3

12 Central African Rep 80.113 Malaysia 79.814 Malawi 79.215 Benin 78.916 South Africa 78.617 Ecuador 78.318 Venezuela 76.919 Côte d'Ivoire 76.220 Sierra Leone 75.521 Mozambique 74.622 Trinidad & Tobago 74.423 Swaziland 74.324 Madagascar 74.225 Papua New Guinea 73.7

Suriname 73.7

1 Bangladesh 6.92 Pakistan 8.23 Albania 14.44 Egypt 14.85 Mali 21.26 China 22.37 Niger 22.98 Chad 24.49 Sudan 24.9

10 Indonesia 25.111 Myanmar 27.412 Oman 28.113 India 28.414 Mongolia 28.515 Saudi Arabia 30.216 Mauritania 30.917 Iran 31.118 Syria 31.819 Turkmenistan 32.420 Guatemala 32.621 Azerbaijan 32.722 Georgia 33.223 Mexico 34.624 Nepal 35.925 Uzbekistan 36.426 Armenia 37.8

Highest concentration of ozoneParts per billion

1 Belize 64.52 Guatemala 64.43 Mexico 64.24 China 63.45 Mongolia 60.96 Australia 60.67 Bhutan 58.98 Nepal 58.69 United States 57.5

10 Afghanistan 57.311 Iran 55.112 Turkmenistan 55.013 Honduras 54.814 Bahamas 54.215 El Salvador 53.916 Haiti 53.417 Cuba 52.8

Dominican Republic 52.8Myanmar 52.8

20 Bangladesh 52.721 French Polynesia 52.622 India 52.123 Indonesia 51.024 Pakistan 50.625 North Korea 50.326 Portugal 50.227 South Korea 50.128 Puerto Rico 49.829 Tajikistan 49.230 Spain 49.031 Cayman Islands 48.732 Canada 48.533 Virgin Islands 48.434 Japan 48.335 Russia 48.036 Bermuda 47.9

Morocco 47.938 Kyrgyzstan 47.6

a A score ranging from 0–100 based on particulate concentration in urban areas andregional ozone levels.

ENVIRONMENT 105

ForestsAs % of total land

1 Suriname 94.72 Gabon 84.53 Finland 73.94 Guinea-Bissau 73.75 Belize 72.56 Laos 69.97 Japan 68.28 Bhutan 68.09 Sweden 66.9

10 Congo-Brazzaville 65.811 Papua New Guinea 65.012 Malaysia 63.613 South Korea 63.514 Slovenia 62.815 Cambodia 59.216 Congo-Kinshasa 58.917 Colombia 58.518 Equatorial Guinea 58.219 Panama 57.720 Brazil 57.221 Zambia 57.122 Bolivia 54.223 Venezuela 54.124 Estonia 53.925 Peru 53.7

26 Brunei 52.827 Fiji 51.728 Bahamas 51.529 North Korea 51.430 Myanmar 49.031 Indonesia 48.832 Cayman Islands 48.433 Russia 47.934 Angola 47.4

Latvia 47.436 Guadeloupe 47.237 Guam 47.138 Costa Rica 46.839 Austria 46.740 Paraguay 46.541 Puerto Rico 46.042 Cameroon 45.643 Zimbabwe 45.344 Senegal 45.045 Martinique 43.946 Bosnia 43.147 Nicaragua 42.748 Gambia, The 41.749 Honduras 41.550 Portugal 41.3

ForestsHectares, m

1 Russia 808.82 Brazil 477.73 Canada 310.14 United States 303.15 China 197.36 Australia 163.77 Congo-Kinshasa 133.68 Indonesia 88.59 Peru 68.7

10 India 67.711 Sudan 67.512 Mexico 64.213 Colombia 60.714 Angola 59.115 Bolivia 58.716 Venezuela 47.717 Zambia 42.518 Tanzania 35.319 Argentina 33.020 Myanmar 32.221 Papua 29.422 Sweden 27.5

23 Japan 24.924 Central African Rep 22.825 Congo-Brazzaville 22.5

Finland 22.527 Gabon 21.828 Cameroon 21.229 Malaysia 20.930 Mozambique 19.331 Paraguay 18.532 Spain 17.933 Zimbabwe 17.534 Chile 16.1

Laos 16.136 France 15.637 Suriname 14.838 Thailand 14.539 Ethiopia 13.040 Vietnam 12.941 Madagascar 12.842 Mali 12.643 Botswana 11.9

Chad 11.9

106 WORLD RANKINGS

1 Brazil -3,1032 Indonesia -1,8713 Sudan -5894 Myanmar -4665 Zambia -4456 Tanzania -4127 Nigeria -4108 Congo -3199 Zimbabwe -313

10 Venezuela -28811 Bolivia -27012 Mexico -26013 Cameroon -22014 Cambodia -219

15 Ecuador -19816 Australia -19317 Paraguay -17918 Philippines -15719 Honduras -15620 Argentina -15021 Ethiopia -14122 Malaysia -14023 Papua -13924 North Korea -12725 Angola -12526 Botswana -11827 Ghana -11528 Mali -100

Biggest loss of forested landAverage annual change 2000–05, hectares ’000

Biggest loss of forested landAverage annual change 2000–05, %

1 Burundi -5.22 Togo -4.53 Mauritania -3.44 Nigeria -3.35 Afghanistan -3.1

Honduras -3.17 Benin -2.58 Uganda -2.29 Pakistan -2.1

Philippines -2.111 Cambodia -2.0

Ghana -2.0Indonesia -2.0

14 North Korea -1.9

15 Liberia -1.8Virgin Islands -1.8

17 Ecuador -1.7El Salvador -1.7Zimbabwe -1.7

20 Armenia -1.5Sri Lanka -1.5

22 Myanmar -1.4Nepal -1.4

24 Guatemala -1.3Nicaragua -1.3

26 Ethiopia -1.1Tanzania -1.1

Biggest gain in forested landAverage annual change 2000–05, hectares ’000

1 China 4,0582 Spain 2963 Vietnam 2414 United States 1595 Italy 1066 Chile 577 Cuba 568 Bulgaria 509 France 41

10 Portugal 4011 Greece 3012 India 2913 Algeria 27

Poland 27Rwanda 27

16 Turkey 25

17 Tunisia 19Uruguay 19

19 New Zealand 17Norway 17Uzbekistan 17

22 Lithuania 1623 Côte d'Ivoire 1524 Hungary 1425 Ukraine 1326 Ireland 1227 Bhutan 11

Latvia 11Sweden 11

30 United Kingdom 1031 Belarus 9

Serbia 9

Countryprofiles

108 COUNTRY PROFILES

ALGERIAArea 2,381,741 sq km Capital AlgiersArable as % of total land 3 Currency Algerian dinar (AD)

PeoplePopulation 32.3m Life expectancy: men 70.9 yrsPop. per sq km 13.6 women 73.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 69.9%

in pop. 2000–05 1.51% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.5Pop. under 15 29.6% Urban population 60.0%Pop. over 60 6.5% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 102 Crude birth rate 22.8Human Development Index 72.2 Crude death rate 4.9

The economyGDP AD6,100bn GDP per head $2,620GDP $84.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 16.6

GDP 1994–2004 3.8% Economic freedom index 3.46

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 10 Private consumption 41.2Industry, of which: 57 Public consumption 14.8

manufacturing 7 Investment 29.8Services 34 Exports 38.8

Imports -24.6

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 21 Unemployed 2004 17.7Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 26.7Services 55

Energym TOE

Total output 163.3 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 33.0 of energy use -395Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,036

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.6% Narrow money (M1) 19.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.7% Broad money 20.0%Money market rate, 2005 2.01%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

AD per $ 73.38 Effective rates 2000 = 100AD per SDR 104.88 – nominal 89.10AD per 7 86.33 – real 85.15

TradePrincipal exportsa Principal importsa

$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 11.6 Capital goods 4.1Natural gas 4.4 Food 2.6Condensate 4.2 Semi-finished goods 2.2Total incl. others 32.2 Total incl. others 19.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Italy 21.4 France 32.3United States 16.3 Italy 8.8France 10.8 Spain 6.9Spain 9.5 Germany 5.8

Balance of paymentsb, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 18.7 Change in reserves 10.2Visible imports fob -12.0 Level of reservesTrade balance 6.7 end Dec. 45.7Invisibles inflows 2.2 No. months of import cover 20.8Invisibles outflows -5.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 5.6Net transfers 1.1 Foreign debt 22.0Current account balance 4.6 – as % of GDP 33

– as % of GDP 8.2 – as % of total exports 83Capital balancec -2.0 Debt service ratio 22Overall balancec 5.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.1 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.1 Enrolment, %: primary 109Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.1 secondary 80Improved-water source access, tertiary 21

% of pop. 87

SocietyNo. of households 5.3m Colour TVs per 100 households 74.3Av. no. per household 6.1 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 7.1Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 14.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 0.9

New York = 100 55 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

ALGERIA 109

a 2003b 2002c 2001

110 COUNTRY PROFILES

ARGENTINAArea 2,766,889 sq km Capital Buenos AiresArable as % of total land 10 Currency Peso (P)

PeoplePopulation 38.9m Life expectancy: men 71.6 yrsPop. per sq km 14.1 women 79.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 97.2%

in pop. 2000–05 0.98% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.4Pop. under 15 26.4% Urban population 90.6%Pop. over 60 13.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 19.0Human Development Index 86.3 Crude death rate 7.7

The economyGDP P447bn GDP per head $3,930GDP $153bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 33.5

GDP 1994–2004 1.1% Economic freedom index 3.30

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 10.5 Private consumption 62.8Industry, of which: 35.8 Public consumption 11.1

manufacturing 24.2 Investment 19.0Services 53.7 Exports 25.3

Imports -18.2

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agricultural 1 Unemployed 2003 15.6Industry 21 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 16.2Services 78

Energym TOE

Total output 84.3 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 59.9 of energy use -41Consumption per head

kg oil equivalent 1,575

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 9.6% Narrow money (M1) 20.7%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 10.1% Broad money 9.0%Money market rate, 2005 3.23%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

P per $ 3.01 Effective rates 2000 = 100P per SDR 4.30 – nominal …P per 7 3.54 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifAgricultural products 11.9 Intermediate goods 8.6Manufactures 9.5 Capital goods 5.4Primary products 6.8 Consumer goods 2.5Fuels 6.2 Fuels 1.0Total incl. others 34.6 Total incl. others 22.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Brazil 17.7 Brazil 27.7Chile 11.3 United States 16.7United States 10.7 Germany 5.5China 8.8 Italy 4.1

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 34.6 Change in reserves 5.5Visible imports fob -21.3 Level of reservesTrade balance 13.2 end Dec. 19.7Invisibles inflows 8.6 No. months of import cover 5.8Invisibles outflows -19.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.8Net transfers 0.7 Foreign debt 169.3Current account balance 3.4 – as % of GDP 141

– as % of GDP 2.2 – as % of total exports 451Capital balance -10.4 Debt service ratio 33Overall balance -7.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.9 Education spending, % of GDP 4.0Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.8 Enrolment, %: primary 119Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.1 secondary 100Improved-water source access, tertiary 60

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 10.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 91.2Av. no. per household 3.6 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 22.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 35.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 8.0

New York = 100 54 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 37.6

ARGENTINA 111

112 COUNTRY PROFILES

AUSTRALIAArea 7,682,300 sq km Capital CanberraArable as % of total land 6 Currency Australian dollar (A$)

PeoplePopulation 19.9m Life expectancy: men 78.5 yrsPop. per sq km 2.6 women 83.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.11% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.8Pop. under 15 19.6% Urban population 92.7%Pop. over 60 17.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 12.3Human Development Index 95.5 Crude death rate 7.0

The economyGDP A$867bn GDP per head $32,030GDP $637bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 76.4

GDP 1994–2004 3.7% Economic freedom index 1.84

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture & mining 8.3 Private consumption 61.4Manufacturing 11.4 Public consumption 18.2Other 80.3 Investment 25.0

Exports 19.1Imports -25.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 4 Unemployed 2004 5.6Industry 21 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 7.1Services 75

Energym TOE

Total output 253.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 112.6 of energy use -125Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 5,668

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.7% Narrow money (M1) 14.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.0% Broad money 9.4%Money market, 2005 5.50% Household saving rate, 2004 -3.0%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

A$ per $ 1.36 Effective rates 2000 = 100A$ per SDR 1.95 – nominal 118.0A$ per 7 1.60 – real 125.3

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMinerals & metals 39.5 Intermediate & other goods 37.1Rural goods 19.8 Consumption goods 33.3Manufacturing goods 18.9 Capital goods 25.2Other goods 8.8 Fuels and lubricants 9.3Total incl. others 86.6 Total incl. others 109.5

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Japan 18.9 Aseana 16.4Aseana 11.7 United States 14.5China 9.3 China 12.6United States 8.1 Japan 11.8EU25 11.2 EU25 23.7

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 87.1 Overall balance 1.2Visible imports fob -105.2 Change in reserves 3.7Trade balance -18.1 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 39.5 end Dec. 36.9Invisibles outflows -60.7 No. months of import cover 2.7Net transfers -0.3 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.6Current account balance -39.7 Aid given 1.46

– as % of GDP -6.2 – as % of GDP 0.25Capital balance 41.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.5 Education spending, % of GDP 4.9Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.4 Enrolment, %: primary 104Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.4 secondary 156Improved-water source access, tertiary 73

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 7.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 92.0Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 58.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.7 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.8 per 100 pop. 82.8Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 68.9

New York = 100 108 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 303.5

AUSTRALIA 113

a Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,Vietnam.

114 COUNTRY PROFILES

AUSTRIAArea 83,855 sq km Capital ViennaArable as % of total land 17 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 8.1m Life expectancy: men 76.9 yrsPop. per sq km 96.6 women 82.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.23% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.4Pop. under 15 15.5% Urban population 65.8%Pop. over 60 22.7% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 8.6Human Development Index 93.6 Crude death rate 9.8

The economyGDP 7235bn GDP per head $36,090GDP $292bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 81.3

GDP 1994–2004 2.1% Economic freedom index 1.95

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.2 Private consumption 55.8Industry, of which: 31.8 Public consumption 17.8

manufacturing … Investment 21.2Services 66.0 Exports 50.6

Imports -45.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 5 Unemployed 2004 4.9Industry 30 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 4.0Services 65

Energym TOE

Total output 10.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 33.2 of energy use 70Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,086

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.3% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.0% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Deposit rate, h’holds, 2005 1.70% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 8.3%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 104.7

– real 99.9

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifConsumer goods 51.6 Consumer goods 48.7Investment goods 31.3 Investment goods 28.0Intermediate goods 14.5 Raw materials (incl. fuels) 14.5Raw materials (incl. fuels) 7.1 Intermediate goods 13.8Food & beverages 6.1Total incl. others 112 Total incl. others 113

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 32.3 Germany 42.9Eastern Europe 18.7 Eastern Europe 14.5Italy 8.6 Italy 6.8United States 5.9 France 4.0EU25 71.8 United States 3.3

EU25 77.1

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 112.1 Overall balance -1.8Visible imports fob -109.0 Change in reserves -0.5Trade balance 3.0 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 67.7 end Dec. 12.2Invisibles outflows -67.2 No. months of import cover 0.8Net transfers -2.8 Official gold holdings, m oz 9.9Current account balance 0.8 Aid given 0.68

– as % of GDP 0.3 – as % of GDP 0.23Capital balance -2.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.5 Education spending, % of GDP 5.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.4 Enrolment, %: primary 103Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 8.3 secondary 100Improved-water source access, tertiary 49

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 3.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 97.6Av. no. per household 2.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 46.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.2 per 100 pop. 97.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 57.6

New York = 100 113 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 241.6

AUSTRIA 115

116 COUNTRY PROFILES

BANGLADESHArea 143,998 sq km Capital DhakaArable as % of total land 61 Currency Taka (Tk)

PeoplePopulation 149.7m Life expectancy: men 63.8 yrsPop. per sq km 1,039.6 women 65.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 41.1%

in pop. 2000–05 1.91% Fertility rate (per woman) 3.3Pop. under 15 35.5% Urban population 25.0%Pop. over 60 5.7% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 104 Crude birth rate 28.9Human Development Index 52.0 Crude death rate 7.2

The economyGDP Tk3,330bn GDP per head $380GDP $56.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 4.7

GDP 1994–2004 5.2% Economic freedom index 3.88

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 21 Private consumption 76.5Industry, of which: 27 Public consumption 5.0

manufacturing 16 Investment 23.2Services 52 Exports 13.3

Imports -18.8

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 66 Unemployed 2003 4.3Industry 10 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 2.7Services 24

Energym TOE

Total output 17.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 21.7 of energy use 19Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 159

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2004 3.2% Narrow money (M1) 11.8%Av. ann. inflation 2000–04 3.5% Broad money 15.3%Deposit rate, 2005 8.81%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Tk per $ 66.21 Effective rates 2000 = 100Tk per SDR 94.63 – nominal …Tk per 7 77.89 – real …

TradePrincipal exportsb Principal importsb

$bn fob $bn cifClothing 4.4 Capital goods 2.7Fish & fish products 0.4 Textiles & yarn 2.4Jute goods 0.2 Fuels 1.0Leather 0.2 Cereal & dairy products 0.5Total incl. others 5.9 Total incl. others 10.0

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 25.7 India 15.5Germany 16.7 China 12.8United Kingdom 12.9 Singapore 7.8France 8.0 Kuwait 5.7Italy 4.6 Japan 5.4

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 8.2 Change in reserves 0.6Visible imports fob -11.2 Level of reservesTrade balance -3.0 end Dec. 3.2Invisibles inflows 1.2 No. months of import cover 2.9Invisibles outflows -2.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Net transfers 4.0 Foreign debt 20.3Current account balance -0.3 – as % of GDP 37

– as % of GDP -0.5 – as % of total exports 179Capital balance 0.8 Debt service ratio 6Overall balance 0.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.4 Education spending, % of GDP 2.4Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.3 Enrolment, %: primary 96Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 47Improved-water source access, tertiary 6

% of pop. 75

SocietyNo. of households 25.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 2.7Av. no. per household 5.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 0.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. 11.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 2.0Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.2

New York = 100 48 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

BANGLADESH 117

a Fiscal year ending June 30 2003.b Fiscal year ending June 30 2004.

118 COUNTRY PROFILES

BELGIUMArea 30,520 sq km Capital BrusselsArable as % of total land 27 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 10.3m Life expectancy: men 76.5 yrsPop. per sq km 337.5 women 82.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.22% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.7Pop. under 15 16.8% Urban population 97.3%Pop. over 60 22.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 10.8Human Development Index 94.5 Crude death rate 10.2

The economyGDP 7284bn GDP per head $34,210GDP $352bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 78.4

GDP 1994–2004 2.2% Economic freedom index 2.11

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.0 Private consumption 54.0Industry, of which: 24.8 Public consumption 22.7

manufacturing … Investment 16.7Services 74.2 Exports 83.7

Imports -80.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 2 Unemployed 2003 8.2Industry 25 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 8.3Services 73

Energym TOE

Total output 13.4 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 59.2 of energy use 77Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 5,701

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.8% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.1% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Treasury bill rate, 2005 2.02% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 10.7%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 106.2

– real 112.5

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifChemicals 69.4 Chemicals 60.6Transport equipment 42.2 Machinery 38.6Machinery 39.6 Transport equipment 30.6Food, drink & tobacco 26.0 Food, drink & tobacco 23.1Total incl. others 306.9 Total incl. others 285.7

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 20.0 Germany 18.5France 17.3 Netherlands 17.0Netherlands 11.9 France 12.5United Kingdom 8.7 United Kingdom 6.8EU25 77.3 EU25 73.6

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 245.5 Overall balance -1.0Visible imports fob -235.7 Change in reserves -0.5Trade balance 9.7 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 95.5 end Dec. 14.0Invisibles outflows -84.5 No. months of import cover 0.5Net transfers -6.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 8.3Current account balance 14.0 Aid given 1.46

– as % of GDP 4.0 – as % of GDP 0.41Capital balance -2.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.4 Education spending, % of GDP 6.3Doctors per 1,000 pop. 4.5 Enrolment, %: primary 105Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.9 secondary 161Improved-water source access, tertiary 61

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 4.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.6Av. no. per household 2.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 46.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.4 per 100 pop. 88.3Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 35.1

New York = 100 105 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 247.2

BELGIUM 119

120 COUNTRY PROFILES

BRAZILArea 8,511,965 sq km Capital BrasiliaArable as % of total land 7 Currency Real (R)

PeoplePopulation 180.7m Life expectancy: men 68.2 yrsPop. per sq km 21.2 women 75.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 88.6%

in pop. 2000–05 1.39% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.4Pop. under 15 27.9% Urban population 84.2%Pop. over 60 8.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 97 Crude birth rate 19.7Human Development Index 79.2 Crude death rate 6.5

The economyGDP R1,767n GDP per head $3,340GDP $604bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 20.7

GDP 1994–2004 2.4% Economic freedom index 3.08

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 10.1 Private consumption 56.7Industry, of which: 38.9 Public consumption 19.9

manufacturing … Investment 19.8Services 51.0 Exports 16.4

Imports -12.8

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 20 Unemployed 2002 9.7Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2002 8.3Services 58

Energym TOE

Total output 171.1 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 193.2 of energy use 11Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,065

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 6.9% Narrow money (M1) 16.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 8.7% Broad money 12.4%Money market rate, 2005 19.12%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

R per $ 2.34 Effective rates 2000 = 100R per sdr 3.34 – nominal …R per 7 2.75 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifTransport equipment & parts 14.3 Machines & electricalMetal goods 9.8 equipment 14.4Soyabeans etc. 9.8 Chemical products 11.1Chemical products 1.7 Oil & derivatives 10.3

Transport equipment & parts 6.5Total incl. others 96.5 Total incl. others 62.8

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 21.1 United States 18.3Argentina 7.6 Argentina 8.9Netherlands 6.1 Germany 8.1China 5.6 China 5.9

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 96.5 Change in reserves 3.6Visible imports fob -62.8 Level of reservesTrade balance 33.7 end Dec. 52.9Invisibles inflows 15.8 No. months of import cover 6.1Invisibles outflows -41.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.5Net transfers 3.3 Foreign debt 222.0Current account balance 11.7 – as % of GDP 44

– as % of GDP 1.9 – as % of total exports 239Capital balance -3.0 Debt service ratio 58Overall balance 6.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.6 Education spending, % of GDP 4.2Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.1 Enrolment, %: primary 147Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.7 secondary 110Improved-water source access, tertiary 21

% of pop. 89

SocietyNo. of households 51.6m Colour TVs per 100 households 87.5Av. no. per household 3.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 23.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.3 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.5 per 100 pop. 36.3Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 10.7

New York = 100 68 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 28.2

BRAZIL 121

122 COUNTRY PROFILES

BULGARIAArea 110,994 sq km Capital SofiaArable as % of total land 30 Currency Lev (BGL)

PeoplePopulation 7.8m Life expectancy: men 69.8 yrsPop. per sq km 70.3 women 76.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 98.2%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.69% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.2Pop. under 15 13.8% Urban population 70.5%Pop. over 60 22.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 7.9Human Development Index 80.8 Crude death rate 14.5

The economyGDP BGL38.0bn GDP per head $3,090GDP $24.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 20.4

GDP 1994–2004 1.7% Economic freedom index 2.88

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 10.9 Private consumption 68.1Industry, of which: 30.0 Public consumption 18.7

manufacturing … Investment 23.5Services 59.1 Exports 58.4

Imports -68.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 10 Unemployed 2004 12.0Industry 33 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 15.2Services 57

Energym TOE

Total output 10.1 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 19.5 of energy use 48Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,494

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann change 1999–2004

inflation 2005 5.0% Narrow money (M1) 20.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.3% Broad money 22.5%Money market rate 2005 2.03%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

BGL per $ 1.66 Effective rates 2000 = 100BGL per SDR 2.37 – nominal 110.51BGL per 7 1.95 – real 121.29

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifClothing 1.9 Mineral fuels 1.8Iron & steel 1.0 Textiles 1.7Other metals 0.9 Machinery & equipment 1.3Chemicals 0.6 Chemicals 1.0Total incl. others 9.8 Total incl. others 14.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Italy 13.1 Germany 14.7Germany 10.3 Italy 12.7Greece 10.0 Russia 9.9Turkey 9.9 Greece 5.8

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 9.8 Change in reserves 2.5Visible imports fob -13.2 Level of reservesTrade balance -3.4 end Dec. 9.3Invisibles inflows 4.5 No. months of import cover 6.4Invisibles outflows -4.3 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.3Net transfers 1.1 Foreign debt 15.7Current account balance -2.1 – as % of GDP 81

– as % of GDP -8.5 – as % of total exports 139Capital balance 3.1 Debt service ratio 22Overall balance 1.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.5 Education spending, % of GDP 3.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.6 Enrolment, %: primary 100Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.3 secondary 98Improved-water source access, tertiary 39

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 2.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 64.3Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 35.1Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.3 per 100 pop. 60.9Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 5.9

New York = 100 60 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 20.7

BULGARIA 123

124 COUNTRY PROFILES

CAMEROONArea 475,442 sq km Capital YaoundéArable as % of total land 13 Currency CFA franc (CFAfr)

PeoplePopulation 16.3m Life expectancy: men 45.8 yrsPop. per sq km 34.3 women 46.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 67.9%

in pop. 2000–05 1.88% Fertility rate (per woman) 4.7Pop. under 15 41.2% Urban population 52.9%Pop. over 60 5.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 99 Crude birth rate 35.4Human Development Index 49.7 Crude death rate 16.8

The economyGDP CFAfr7,602bn GDP per head $880GDP $14.4bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 5.5

GDP 1994–2004 4.5% Economic freedom index 3.46

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 41.5 Private consumption 67.8Industry, of which: 28.6 Public consumption 8.0

manufacturing … Investment 27.1Services 29.9 Exports 20.7

Imports -23.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 70 Unemployed 2004 …Industry 13 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 …Services 17

Energym TOE

Total output 12.1 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 6.8 of energy use -80Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 429

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. change 1999–2004

inflation 2002 2.8% Narrow money (M1) 9.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–02 3.7% Broad money 11.4%Deposit rate, 2005 4.92%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

CFAfr per $ 556.04 Effective rates 2000 = 100CFAfr per SDR 794.73 – nominal 108.6CFAfr per 7 654.16 – real 109.6

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 1.3 Capital goods 0.4Cocoa 0.2 Intermediate goods 0.4Cotton 0.2 Minerals & raw materials 0.3Total incl. others 2.6 Total incl. others 2.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Spain 16.5 France 27.1Italy 13.5 Nigeria 9.6France 10.0 Belgium 7.3United Kingdom 9.8 United States 4.7

Balance of paymentsa, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 2.4 Change in reserves 0.2Visible imports fob -2.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 0.2 end Dec. 0.8Invisibles inflows 0.4 No. months of import cover 2.9Invisibles outflows -1.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 0.2 Foreign debt 9.5Current account balance -0.3 – as % of GDP 81

– as % of GDP -2.4 – as % of total exports 296Capital balance 0.2 Debt service ratio 20Overall balance 0.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.2 Education spending, % of GDP 3.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.2 Enrolment, %: primary 108Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 31Improved-water source access, tertiary 5

% of pop. 63

SocietyNo. of households 4.3m Colour TVs per 100 households 2.3Av. no. per household 3.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 0.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 9.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.0

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

CAMEROON 125

a 2003

126 COUNTRY PROFILES

CANADAAreaa 9,970,610 sq km Capital OttawaArable as % of total land 5 Currency Canadian dollar (C$)

PeoplePopulation 31.7m Life expectancy: men 78.2 yrsPop. per sq km 3.2 women 83.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.00% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.5Pop. under 15 17.6% Urban population 81.1%Pop. over 60 17.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 10.3Human Development Index 94.9 Crude death rate 7.4

The economyGDP C$1,272bn GDP per head $30,850GDP $978bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 78.8

GDP 1994–2004 3.4% Economic freedom index 1.85

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.2 Private consumption 55.9Industry, of which: 29.1 Public consumption 19.3

manufacturing & mining 21.0 Investment 19.3Services 68.7 Exports 38.2

Imports -33.8

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 3 Unemployed 2004 7.2Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 8.1Services 75

Energym TOE

Total output 385.3 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 260.6 of energy use -48Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 8,240

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.2% Narrow money (M1) 9.4%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.3% Broad money 8.6%Money market rate, 2005 2.66% Household saving rate, 2004 2.4%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

C$ per $ 1.16 Effective rates 2000 = 100C$ per SDR 1.66 – nominal 123.7C$ per 7 1.36 – real 107.5

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobMachinery & equipment 70.6 Machinery & equipment 79.8Motor vehicles and parts 69.5 Motor vehicles & parts 59.5Industrial goods 59.7 Industrial goods 56.5Energy products 53.2 Consumer goods 36.7Forest products 30.2 Energy products 19.2Total incl. others 304.5 Total incl. others 273.1

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 85.1 United States 58.9Japan 2.1 China 6.8China 1.6 Japan 3.8United Kingdom 1.6 Mexico 3.8EU25 5.1 EU25 11.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 330.1 Overall balance -2.8Visible imports fob -279.4 Change in reserves -1.8Trade balance 50.7 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 77.1 end Dec. 34.5Invisibles outflows -106.0 No. months of import cover 1.1Net transfers 0.3 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Current account balance 22.0 Aid given 2.60

– as % of GDP 2.2 – as % of GDP 0.27Capital balance -20.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.9 Education spending, % of GDP 5.2Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.1 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.7 secondary 105Improved-water source access, tertiary 58

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 11.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.8Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 64.3Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.3 per 100 pop. 46.7Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 69.8

New York = 100 92 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 114.3

CANADA 127

a Including freshwater.

128 COUNTRY PROFILES

CHILEArea 756,945 sq km Capital SantiagoArable as % of total land 3 Currency Chilean peso (Ps)

PeoplePopulation 16.0m Life expectancy: men 75.5 yrsPop. per sq km 21.1 women 81.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 95.7%

in pop. 2000–05 1.12% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.0Pop. under 15 24.9% Urban population 87.7%Pop. over 60 11.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 18.2Human Development Index 85.4 Crude death rate 5.4

The economyGDP 57,357bn pesos GDP per head $5,880GDP $94.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 27.4

GDP 1994–2004 4.7% Economic freedom index 1.88

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 6.3 Private consumption 57.7Industry, of which: 46.6 Public consumption 11.6

manufacturing 32.4 Investment 19.5Services 47.1 Exports 41.0

Imports -31.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 14 Unemployed 2004 7.8Industry 23 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 7.1Services 63

Energym TOE

Total output 8.3 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 26.3 of energy use 68Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,647

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.1% Narrow money (M1) 11.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.6% Broad money 4.8%Money market rate, 2005 3.48%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Ps per $ 514.21 Effective rates 2000 = 100Ps per SDR 734.94 – nominal 104.3Ps per 7 604.55 – real 102.2

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifCopper 14.4 Intermediate goods 14.4Fruit 2.0 Capital goods 4.7Paper products 1.6 Consumer goods 4.0Total incl. others 32.0 Total incl. others 24.9

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 14.3 Argentina 17.7Japan 11.5 United States 14.1China 10.0 Brazil 11.2South Korea 5.6 China 7.1Netherlands 5.2 Germany 3.3

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 32.0 Change in reserves 0.2Visible imports fob -23.0 Level of reservesTrade balance 9.0 end Dec. 16.0Invisibles inflows 7.5 No. months of import cover 4.9Invisibles outflows -16.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 1.1 Foreign debt 44.1Current account balance 1.4 – as % of GDP 58

– as % of GDP 1.5 – as % of total exports 145Capital balance -0.5 Debt service ratio 32Overall balance -0.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.1 Education spending, % of GDP 4.1Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.1 Enrolment, %: primary 98Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.6 secondary 91Improved-water source access, tertiary 45

% of pop. 95

SocietyNo. of households 4.3m Colour TVs per 100 households 62.6Av. no. per household 3.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 21.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.8 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.5 per 100 pop. 62.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 13.9

New York = 100 70 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 28.9

CHILE 129

130 COUNTRY PROFILES

CHINAArea 9,560,900 sq km Capital BeijingArable as % of total land 15 Currency Yuan

PeoplePopulation 1,313.3m Life expectancy: men 70.8 yrsPop. per sq km 137.4 women 74.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 90.9%

in pop. 2000–05 0.65% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.7Pop. under 15 21.4% Urban population 40.5%Pop. over 60 10.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 106 Crude birth rate 14.5Human Development Index 75.5 Crude death rate 7.1

The economyGDP Yuan15,988bn GDP per head $1,470GDP $1,932bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 14.9

GDP 1994–2004 9.1% Economic freedom index 3.34

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 15.2 Private consumption 41.4Industry, of which: 52.9 Public consumption 11.6

manufacturing 46.0 Investment 44.2Services 31.8 Exports 38.1

Imports -35.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 49 Unemployed 2004 4.2Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 3.3Services 29

Energym TOE

Total output 1,380.8 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 1,409.4 of energy use 2Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,094

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.9% Narrow money (M1) 16.2%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.4% Broad money 16.2%Deposit rate, 2005 2.25%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Yuan per $ 8.07 Effective rates 2000 = 100Yuan per SDR 11.53 – nominal 98.23Yuan per 7 9.49 – real 95.83

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifOffice equipment 87.1 Electrical machinery 110.5Telecoms equipment 68.5 Petroleum products 44.5Apparel & clothing 61.9 Professional & Electrical machinery 59.5 scientific instruments 33.3Textiles 33.4 Office equipment 29.6

Other machinery 26.3Total incl. others 593 Total incl. others 561

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 21.0 Japan 16.8Hong Kong 17.0 Taiwan 11.5Japan 12.4 South Korea 11.1South Korea 4.7 United States 8.0Germany 4.0 Germany 5.4

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 593.4 Change in reserves 206.7Visible imports fob -534.4 Level of reservesTrade balance 59.0 end Dec. 623.0Invisibles inflows 83.0 No. months of import cover 11.9Invisibles outflows -96.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 19.3Net transfers 22.9 Foreign debt 248.9Current account balance 68.7 – as % of GDP 15

– as % of GDP 3.6 – as % of total exports 48Capital balance 110.7 Debt service ratio 5Overall balance 206.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.6 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.0 Enrolment, %: primary 115Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.5 secondary 70Improved-water source access, tertiary 16

% of pop. 77

SocietyNo. of households 378.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 46.4Av. no. per household 3.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 24.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.8 per 100 pop. 25.8Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 4.1

New York = 100 83 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.2

CHINA 131

Note: Data excludes Special Administrative Regions ie, Hong Kong and Macau.

132 COUNTRY PROFILES

COLOMBIAArea 1,141,748 sq km Capital BogotaArable as % of total land 2 Currency Colombian peso (peso)

PeoplePopulation 44.9m Life expectancy: men 70.3 yrsPop. per sq km 39.3 women 76.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 92.8%

in pop. 2000–05 1.59% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.6Pop. under 15 31.0% Urban population 77.4%Pop. over 60 7.5% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 22.2Human Development Index 78.5 Crude death rate 5.4

The economyGDP 256,862bn pesos GDP per head $2,180GDP $97.7bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 18.3

GDP 1994–2004 2.1% Economic freedom index 3.16

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 12.5 Private consumption 63.0Industry, of which: 33.8 Public consumption 19.9

manufacturing 15.9 Investment 18.2Services 53.7 Exports 21.2

Imports -22.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 22 Unemployed 2004 13.6Industry 19 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 14.7Services 59

Energym TOE

Total output 74.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 28.4 of energy use -162Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 642

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 5.1% Narrow money (M1) 16.7%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 6.5% Broad money 14.4%Money market rate, 2005 6.18%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Peso per $ 2,282 Effective rates 2000 = 100Peso per SDR 3,262 – nominal 101.2Peso per 7 2,685 – real 109.3

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifOil 4.2 Intermediate goods & Coal 1.8 raw materials 8.0Coffee 0.9 Capital goods 5.5

Consumer goods 3.2Total incl. others 16.7 Total 16.7

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 42.2 United States 29.6Ecuador 6.1 Brazil 6.0Venezuela 5.4 Mexico 5.8Peru 3.1 Venezuela 5.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 17.2 Change in reserves 2.6Visible imports fob -15.9 Level of reservesTrade balance 1.4 end Dec. 13.5Invisibles inflows 2.9 No. months of import cover 6.6Invisibles outflows -8.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.3Net transfers 3.7 Foreign debt 37.7Current account balance -1.0 – as % of GDP 45

– as % of GDP -1.0 – as % of total exports 189Capital balance 3.1 Debt service ratio 38Overall balance 2.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.6 Education spending, % of GDP 5.2Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.3 Enrolment, %: primary 110Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.1 secondary 71Improved-water source access, tertiary 24

% of pop. 92

SocietyNo. of households 11.6m Colour TVs per 100 households 86.7Av. no. per household 3.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 17.1Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.2 per 100 pop. 23.0Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 5.5

New York = 100 70 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 9.8

COLOMBIA 133

134 COUNTRY PROFILES

CÔTE D’IVOIREArea 322,463 sq km Capital Abidjan/YamoussoukroArable as % of total land 10 Currency CFA franc (CFAfr)

PeoplePopulation 16.9m Life expectancy: men 45.6 yrsPop. per sq km 52.4 women 47.0 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 48.7%

in pop. 2000–05 1.63% Fertility rate (per woman) 5.1Pop. under 15 41.9% Urban population 45.8%Pop. over 60 5.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 103 Crude birth rate 35.5Human Development Index 42.0 Crude death rate 16.7

The economyGDP CFAfr8,175bn GDP per head $920GDP $15.5bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 3.9

GDP 1994–2004 2.1% Economic freedom index 3.14

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 23 Private consumption 65.3Industry, of which: 23 Public consumption 14.5

manufacturing … Investment 10.7Services 54 Exports 49.4

Imports -39.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture … Unemployed 2004 …Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 …Services …

Energym TOE

Total output 6.7 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 6.6 of energy use -2Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 374

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. change 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.9% Narrow money (M1) 1.7%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.2% Broad money 2.9%Money market rate, 2005 4.95%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

CFAfr per $ 556.0 Effective rates 2000 = 100CFAfr per SDR 794.7 – nominal 111.6CFAfr per 7 654.2 – real 114.2

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifCocoa beans & products 2.2 Capital equipment 1.2Petroleum products 1.0 Foodstuffs 0.9Timber 0.3 Fuel & lubricants 0.9Coffee & products 0.2Total incl. others 6.9 Total incl. others 5.7

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 11.1 France 23.6Netherlands 9.8 Nigeria 18.7France 9.1 China 4.0Italy 5.3 Italy 3.7Belgium 4.5 Belgium 3.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 6.9 Change in reserves 0.4Visible imports fob -4.2 Level of reservesTrade balance 2.7 end Dec. 1.7Invisibles inflows 0.9 No. months of import cover 2.9Invisibles outflows -2.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers -0.5 Foreign debt 11.7Current account balance 0.3 – as % of GDP 91

– as % of GDP 2.0 – as % of total exports 172Capital balance -1.1 Debt service ratio 8Overall balance -0.8

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.6 Education spending, % of GDP 4.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.1 Enrolment, %: primary 78Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 26Improved-water source access, tertiary 7

% of pop. 84

SocietyNo. of households 3.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 28.0Av. no. per household 4.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 1.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 9.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.6

New York = 100 94 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.1

CÔTE D’IVOIRE 135

136 COUNTRY PROFILES

CZECH REPUBLICArea 78,864 sq km Capital PragueArable as % of total land 40 Currency Koruna (Kc)

PeoplePopulation 10.2m Life expectancy: men 73.1 yrsPop. per sq km 129.3 women 79.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.09 Fertility rate (per woman) 1.2Pop. under 15 14.6% Urban population 74.5%Pop. over 60 20.0% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 95 Crude birth rate 8.8Human Development Index 87.4 Crude death rate 11.1

The economyGDP Kc2,750bn GDP per head $10,490GDP $107bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 48.9

GDP 1994–2004 2.5% Economic freedom index 2.10

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.1 Private consumption 50.1Industry, of which: 38.1 Public consumption 22.7

manufacturing … Investment 27.0Services 58.8 Exports 71.7

Imports -72.1

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 4 Unemployed 2004 8.3Industry 40 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 6.7Services 56

Energym TOE

Total output 33.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 44.1 of energy use 25Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,324

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.8% Narrow money (M1) 18.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.2% Broad money 9.1%Money market rate, 2005 2.17%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Kc per $ 24.59 Effective rates 2000 = 100Kc per SDR 35.14 – nominal 127.96Kc per 7 28.93 – real 127.69

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 33.9 equipment 28.4Semi-manufactures 15.4 Semi-manufactures 14.3Chemicals 4.2 Chemicals 7.6Raw materials & fuels 3.8 Raw materials & fuels 6.9Total incl. others 67.2 Total incl. others 68.2

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 36.3 Germany 31.4Slovakia 8.5 Slovakia 5.4Austria 6.0 Italy 5.3Poland 5.2 China 5.1United Kingdom 4.7 Austria 4.1EU25 86.0 EU25 72.2

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 66.9 Change in reserves 1.5Visible imports fob -67.8 Level of reservesTrade balance -0.9 end Dec. 28.5Invisibles inflows 12.4 No. months of import cover 4.0Invisibles outflows -17.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.4Net transfers 0.2 Foreign debt 45.6Current account balance -5.6 – as % of GDP 53

– as % of GDP -5.2 – as % of total exports 73Capital balance 6.6 Debt service ratio 13Overall balance 0.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.5 Education spending, % of GDP 4.4Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.5 Enrolment, %: primary 102Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 8.8 secondary 97Improved-water source access, tertiary 36

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 3.8m Colour TVs per 100 households 91.9Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 33.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.9 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.3 per 100 pop. 105.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 21.6

New York = 100 83 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 97.4

CZECH REPUBLIC 137

138 COUNTRY PROFILES

DENMARKArea 43,075 sq km Capital CopenhagenArable as % of total land 53 Currency Danish krone (DKr)

PeoplePopulation 5.4m Life expectancy: men 75.5 yrsPop. per sq km 125.4 women 80.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.34 Fertility rate (per woman) 1.8Pop. under 15 18.8% Urban population 85.5%Pop. over 60 21.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 11.8Human Development Index 94.1 Crude death rate 10.6

The economyGDP DKr1,447bn GDP per head $44,710GDP $241bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 48.9

GDP 1994–2004 2.1% Economic freedom index 1.78

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.3 Private consumption 47.9Industry, of which: 24.9 Public consumption 26.5

manufacturing … Investment 20.0Services 71.5 Exports 43.4

Imports -38.4

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 3 Unemployed 2004 5.6Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 5.6Services 73

Energym TOE

Total output 28.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 20.8 of energy use -37Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,853

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.8% Narrow money (M1) 7.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.0% Broad money 3.8%Money market rate, 2005 2.20% Household saving rate, 2004 2.9%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

DKr per $ 6.32 Effective rates 2000 = 100DKr per SDR 9.04 – nominal 106.7DKr per 7 7.44 – real 111.0

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifManufactured goods 56.8 Intermediate goods 28.3Agric. products 7.4 Consumer goods 19.4Energy & products 6.3 Capital goods 9.1Total incl. others 75.6 Total incl. others 66.9

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 18.0 Germany 22.2Sweden 13.3 Sweden 13.4United Kingdom 8.7 United Kingdom 6.1United States 5.7 Netherlands 6.0Norway 5.4 France 4.8Netherlands 5.1 Norway 4.5EU25 69.8 EU25 72.5

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 75.1 Overall balance 11.6Visible imports fob -65.5 Change in reserves 2.0Trade balance 9.5 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 49.1 end Dec. 40.0Invisibles outflows -48.5 No. months of import cover 4.2Net transfers -4.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.0Current account balance 5.9 Aid given 2.04

– as % of GDP 2.5 – as % of GDP 0.85Capital balance -19.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.0 Education spending, % of GDP 8.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.9 Enrolment, %: primary 104Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.0 secondary 129Improved-water source access, tertiary 67

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 2.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 92.5Av. no. per household 2.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 64.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.8 per 100 pop. 95.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 65.5

New York = 100 127 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 429.0

DENMARK 139

140 COUNTRY PROFILES

EGYPTArea 1,000,250 sq km Capital CairoArable as % of total land 3 Currency Egyptian pound (£E)

PeoplePopulation 73.4m Life expectancy: men 68.9 yrsPop. per sq km 73.4 women 73.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 55.6%

in pop. 2000–05 1.91% Fertility rate (per woman) 3.3Pop. under 15 33.6% Urban population 42.3%Pop. over 60 7.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 26.6Human Development Index 65.9 Crude death rate 5.7

The economyGDP £E485bn GDP per head $1,070GDP $78.8bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 10.6

GDP 1994–2004 4.7% Economic freedom index 3.59

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 13.9 Private consumption 71.3Industry, of which: 33.0 Public consumption 12.2

manufacturing 18.2 Investment 16.5Services 53.1 Exports 30.5

Imports -30.6

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 27 Unemployed 2004 11.0Industry 21 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 9.6Services 52

Energym TOE

Total output 61.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 52.4 of energy use -17Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 735

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 4.9% Narrow money (M1) 12.9%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.1% Broad money 14.6%Treasury bill rate, 2005 8.57%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

£E per $ 5.73 Effective rates 2000 = 100£E per SDR 8.19 – nominal …£E per 7 6.74 – real …

TradePrincipal exportsb Principal importsb

$bn fob $bn fobPetroleum & products 5.3 Intermediate goods 6.8Cotton yarn & textiles 0.9 Investment goods 4.9Metals 0.9 Fuels 4.0Agricultural products 0.2 Consumer goods 3.2Pharmaceuticals 0.2Total incl. others 6.3 Total incl. others 11.1

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Italy 12.8 United States 12.5United States 11.6 Germany 6.8United Kingdom 7.3 Italy 6.8France 4.9 France 5.8

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 12.3 Change in reserves 0.7Visible imports fob -18.9 Level of reservesTrade balance -6.6 end Dec. 15.3Invisibles inflows 14.8 No. months of import cover 6.6Invisibles outflows -8.8 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.4Net transfers 4.6 Foreign debt 30.3Current account balance 3.9 – as % of GDP 36

– as % of GDP 5.0 – as % of total exports 123Capital balance -4.5 Debt service ratio 9Overall balance -0.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.8 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.5 Enrolment, %: primary 97Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.2 secondary 85Improved-water source access, tertiary 29

% of pop. 98

SocietyNo. of households 15.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 51.1Av. no. per household 4.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 13.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 11.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.5 per 100 pop. 10.9Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 3.3

New York = 100 56 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 1.2

EGYPT 141

a Year ending June 30, 2005.b Year ending June 30, 2004.

142 COUNTRY PROFILES

ESTONIAArea 45,200 sq km Capital TallinnArable as % of total land 13 Currency Kroon (EEK)

PeoplePopulation 1.3m Life expectancy: men 67.0 yrsPop. per sq km 28.8 women 78.0 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacya 99.8%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.55% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.4Pop. under 15 15.2% Urban population 69.6%Pop. over 60 21.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 85 Crude birth rate 8.7Human Development Index 85.3 Crude death rate 13.6

The economyGDP EEK142bn GDP per head $8,650GDP $11.2bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 36.7

GDP 1994–2004 6.0% Economic freedom index 1.75

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4.3 Private consumption 56.0Industry, of which: 28.9 Public consumption 19.0

manufacturing … Investment 31.2Services 66.8 Exports 78.4

Imports -86.1

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 6 Unemployed 2004 9.7Industry 33 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 10.7Services 61

Energym TOE

Total output 3.7 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 4.9 of energy use 26Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,631

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 4.1% Narrow money (M1) 15.9%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.5% Broad money 17.2%Money market rate, 2005 2.38%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

EEK per $ 13.22 Effective rates 2000 = 100EEK per SDR 18.90 – nominal …EEK per 7 15.55 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & equipment 1.6 Machinery & equipment 2.4Wood & paper 0.9 Transport equipment 1.0Clothing & footwear 0.6 Metals 0.9Food 0.5 Chemicals 0.8Furniture 0.5 Food 0.8Total incl. others 5.9 Total incl. others 8.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Finland 23.1 Finland 22.2Sweden 15.3 Germany 12.9Germany 8.4 Sweden 9.7Latvia 7.9 Russia 9.2Russia 5.6 Lithuania 5.3EU25 80.0 EU25 77.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 6.0 Change in reserves 0.4Visible imports fob -7.9 Level of reservesTrade balance -2.0 end Dec. 1.8Invisibles inflows 3.3 No. months of import cover 2.0Invisibles outflows -2.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 0.2 Foreign debt 10.0Current account balance -1.4 – as % of GDP 116

– as % of GDP -12.7 – as % of total exports 138Capital balance 1.8 Debt service ratio 20Overall balance 0.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.3 Education spending, % of GDP 5.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 4.7 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.0 secondary 96Improved-water source access, tertiary 66

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 0.6m Colour TVs per 100 households 86.2Av. no. per household 2.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 34.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.2 per 100 pop. 96.0Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 47.4

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 273.1

ESTONIA 143

a 2000

144 COUNTRY PROFILES

FINLANDArea 338,145 sq km Capital HelsinkiArable as % of total land 7 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 5.2m Life expectancy: men 76.0 yrsPop. per sq km 15.4 women 82.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.28% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.7Pop. under 15 17.3% Urban population 60.9%Pop. over 60 21.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 10.8Human Development Index 94.1 Crude death rate 9.8

The economyGDP 7150bn GDP per head $35,750GDP $186bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 75.5

GDP 1994–2004 3.6% Economic freedom index 1.85

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.2 Private consumption 52.4Industry, of which: 29.1 Public consumption 22.3

manufacturing & mining 22.7 Investment 18.5Services 67.7 Exports 37.3

Imports -30.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 6 Unemployed 2004 8.8Industry 26 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 10.9Services 68

Energym TOE

Total output 16.0 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 37.6 of energy use 57Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 7,204

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 0.9% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.2% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Money market rate, 2005 2.18% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 2.7%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 107.8

– real 109.7

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifElectrical & optical equipment 22.1 Raw materials 15.7Metals, machinery & Consumer goods 5.1

transport equipment 16.5 Capital goods 5.0Paper & products 3.8 Energy 4.9Chemicals 3.5Total incl. others 60.9 Total incl. others 50.7

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Sweden 11.0 Germany 14.7Germany 10.7 Sweden 13.2Russia 8.9 Russia 10.9United Kingdom 7.1 China 4.9United States 6.4 France 4.6Netherlands 5.1 United Kingdom 4.5EU25 57.9 EU25 67.3

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 61.1 Overall balance 0.9Visible imports fob -48.3 Change in reserves 1.8Trade balance 12.8 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 20.1 end Dec. 13.0Invisibles outflows -24.4 No. months of import cover 2.1Net transfers -1.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.6Current account balance 7.5 Aid given 0.66

– as % of GDP 4.0 – as % of GDP 0.35Capital balance -6.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.4 Education spending, % of GDP 6.4Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.2 Enrolment, %: primary 102Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.2 secondary 128Improved-water source access, tertiary 88

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 2.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.3Av. no. per household 2.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 45.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.7 per 100 pop. 95.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 48.2

New York = 100 115 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 481.9

FINLAND 145

146 COUNTRY PROFILES

FRANCEArea 543,965 sq km Capital ParisArable as % of total land 34 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 60.4m Life expectancy: men 76.6 yrsPop. per sq km 111.0 women 83.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.41% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.9Pop. under 15 18.2% Urban population 76.7%Pop. over 60 21.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 95 Crude birth rate 12.8Human Development Index 93.8 Crude death rate 9.6

The economyGDP 71,648bn GDP per head $33,890GDP $2,047bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 73.8

GDP 1994–2004 2.3% Economic freedom index 2.51

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.5 Private consumption 55.3Industry, of which: 21.7 Public consumption 24.2

manufacturing … Investment 19.5Services 75.8 Exports 25.9

Imports -25.4

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 2 Unemployed 2004 9.9Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 10.7Services 74

Energym TOE

Total output 136.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 271.3 of energy use 50Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,519

Inflation and finance Consumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.8% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.9% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Deposit rate, households, 2005 2.47% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 11.8%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 106.9

– real 104.4

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifIntermediate goods 126.9 Intermediate goods 131.9Capital goods 94.7 Capital goods 91.4Motor vehicles & other Consumer goods 73.3

transport equipment 65.8 Motor vehicles & otherConsumer goods 63.2 transport equipment 51.0Food & drink 36.5 Energy 49.6Total incl. others 416.7 Total incl. others 439.6

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 15.0 Germany 17.4Spain 10.0 Italy 9.0United Kingdom 9.4 Belgium-Luxembourg 7.8Italy 9.3 Spain 7.4Belgium-Luxembourg 8.2 United Kingdom 6.5EU25 65.0 EU25 69.0

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 421.1 Overall balance 4.1Visible imports fob -429.1 Change in reserves 6.6Trade balance -7.9 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 223.3 end Dec. 77.4Invisibles outflows -198.4 No. months of import cover 1.5Net transfers -21.8 Official gold holdings, m oz 96.0Current account balance -4.8 Aid given 8.47

– as % of GDP -0.2 – as % of GDP 0.41Capital balance 7.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 10.1 Education spending, % of GDP 5.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.4 Enrolment, %: primary 104Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.7 secondary 109Improved-water source access, tertiary 56

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 24.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 95.9Av. no. per household 2.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 56.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.8 per 100 pop. 73.7Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 48.7

New York = 100 130 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 113.6

FRANCE 147

148 COUNTRY PROFILES

GERMANYArea 357,868 sq km Capital BerlinArable as % of total land 34 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 82.5m Life expectancy: men 76.4 yrsPop. per sq km 230.5 women 82.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.08% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 14.3% Urban population 88.5%Pop. over 60 25.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 95 Crude birth rate 8.7Human Development Index 93.0 Crude death rate 10.7

The economyGDP 72,207bn GDP per head $33,220GDP $2,741bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 73.8

GDP 1994–2004 1.5% Economic freedom index 1.96

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.1 Private consumption 59.2Industry, of which: 29.0 Public consumption 18.6

manufacturing … Investment 17.2Services 69.9 Exports 38.0

Imports -33.1

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 2 Unemployed 2004 11.0Industry 32 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 9.3Services 66

Energym TOE

Total output 134.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 347.1 of energy use 61Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,205

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.0% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.6% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Deposit rate, households, 2005 1.98% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 10.5%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 108.3

– real 97.5

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifRoad vehicles 167.3 Chemicals 78.7Machinery 127.1 Road vehicles 73.9Chemicals 117.4 Fuels 48.7Telecoms technology 45.0 Machinery 48.1Electricity devices 44.8 Computer technology 34.5Total incl. others 911.6 Total incl. others 718.0

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

France 10.3 France 9.0United States 8.9 Netherlands 7.8United Kingdom 8.3 United States 7.3Italy 7.2 Italy 6.1Netherlands 6.2 United Kingdom 6.1Belgium 5.6 China 4.9EU25 63.9 EU25 60.0

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 909.5 Overall balance -1.8Visible imports fob -719.5 Change in reserves 0.3Trade balance 190.0 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 274.7 end Dec. 97.2Invisibles outflows -325.7 No. months of import cover 1.1Net transfers -35.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 110.4Current account balance 103.8 Aid given 7.53

– as % of GDP 3.8 – as % of GDP 0.28Capital balance -138.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 11.1 Education spending, % of GDP 4.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.4 Enrolment, %: primary 99Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 8.9 secondary 100Improved-water source access, tertiary 51

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 39.2m Colour TVs per 100 households 97.3Av. no. per household 2.1 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 66.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.4 per 100 pop. 86.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 48.5

New York = 100 106 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 119.4

GERMANY 149

150 COUNTRY PROFILES

GREECEArea 131,957 sq km Capital AthensArable as % of total land 21 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 11.0m Life expectancy: men 76.1 yrsPop. per sq km 83.4 women 81.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.26% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 14.3% Urban population 61.4%Pop. over 60 23.0% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 9.1Human Development Index 91.2 Crude death rate 10.5

The economyGDP 7165bn GDP per head $18,660GDP $205bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 56.0

GDP 1994–2004 3.6% Economic freedom index 2.80

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 7 Private consumption 66.8Industry, of which: 23 Public consumption 16.4

manufacturing 12 Investment 25.8Services 70 Exports 20.5

Imports -29.4

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 15 Unemployed 2003 8.9Industry 23 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 10.3Services 62

Energym TOE

Total output 9.9 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 29.9 of energy use 67Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,709

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.6% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.4% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Treasury bill rate, 2005 2.3% Broad money 6.9%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 104.0

– real 116.3

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery 2.9 Machinery 10.7Food 2.6 Chemicals & plastics 7.3Transport equipment 2.1 Food 7.1Total incl. others 15.0 Total incl. others 51.6

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 12.6 Germany 12.3Italy 10.5 Italy 12.0United Kingdom 7.0 France 6.5France 4.2 Netherlands 5.1EU25 54.8 EU25 57.8

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 15.7 Overall balance -3.3Visible imports fob -47.4 Change in reserves -3.1Trade balance -31.6 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 36.2 end Dec. 2.7Invisibles outflows -22.2 No. months of import cover 0.5Net transfers 4.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.5Current account balance -13.1 Aid given 0.46

– as % of GDP -6.4 – as % of GDP 0.23Capital balance 9.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.9 Education spending, % of GDP 4.0Doctors per 1,000 pop. 4.4 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.7 secondary 97Improved-water source access, tertiary 74

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 3.8m Colour TVs per 100 households 91.7Av. no. per household 2.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 57.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.8 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.9 per 100 pop. 84.7Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 9.0

New York = 100 85 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 45.8

GREECE 151

152 COUNTRY PROFILES

HONG KONGArea 1,075 sq km Capital VictoriaArable as % of total land 5 Currency Hong Kong dollar (HK$)

PeoplePopulation 7.1m Life expectancy: men 79.3 yrsPop. per sq km 6,604.7 women 85.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 93.5%

in pop. 2000–05 1.18% Fertility rate (per woman) 0.9Pop. under 15 14.4% Urban population 100.0%Pop. over 60 15.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 89 Crude birth rate 8.5Human Development Index 91.6 Crude death rate 5.9

The economyGDP HK$1,270bn GDP per head $22,960GDP $163bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 77.7

GDP 1994–2004 3.5% Economic freedom index 1.28

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 0 Private consumption 59.1Industry, of which: 11 Public consumption 9.8

manufacturing 4 Investment 22.1Services 89 Exports 189.7

Imports -180.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 0 Unemployed 2004 6.8Industry 17 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 5.1Services 83

Energym TOE

Total output 0.05 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 16.5 of energy use 100Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,428

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.1% Narrow money (M1) 15.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 -1.3% Broad money 4.6%Money market rate, 2005 4.25%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

HK$ per $ 7.75 Effective rates 2000 = 100HK$ per SDR 11.24 – nominal …HK$ per 7 9.12 – real …

TradePrincipal exportsa Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifClothing 8.1 Raw materials & Electrical machinery semi-manufactures 103.4

& apparatus 1.7 Consumer goods 81.1Jewellery 0.8 Capital goods 72.6Textiles 0.7 Food 7.7Printed matter 0.4 Fuel 6.2Total incl. others 20.0 Total incl. others 271.0

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

China 44.9 China 43.5United States 16.0 Japan 12.1Japan 5.5 Taiwan 7.3Germany 3.1 United States 5.3

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 260.3 Change in reserves 5.2Visible imports fob -269.6 Level of reservesTrade balance -9.3 end Dec. 123.6Invisibles inflows 104.2 No. months of import cover 4.3Invisibles outflows -76.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Net transfers -2.0 Foreign debt 67.9Current account balance 16.4 – as % of GDP 41

– as % of GDP 10.0 – as % of total exports 19Capital balance -14.2 Debt service ratio 2Overall balance 3.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP … Education spending, % of GDP 4.4Doctors per 1,000 pop. … Enrolment, %: primary 107Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 80Improved-water source access, tertiary 31

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 2.2m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.1Av. no. per household 3.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 54.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.8 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.8 per 100 pop. 118.8Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 60.5

New York = 100 109 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 112.8

HONG KONG 153

a Domestic, excluding re-exports.Note: Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of China on July 1 1997.

154 COUNTRY PROFILES

HUNGARYArea 93,030 sq km Capital BudapestArable as % of total land 50 Currency Forint (Ft)

PeoplePopulation 9.8m Life expectancy: men 69.8 yrsPop. per sq km 105.3 women 77.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.1%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.25% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 15.7% Urban population 65.9%Pop. over 60 20.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 91 Crude birth rate 8.8Human Development Index 86.2 Crude death rate 12.9

The economyGDP Ft20,414bn GDP per head $10,270GDP $101bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 42.4

GDP 1994–2004 3.8% Economic freedom index 2.44

Origins of GDPa Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.3 Private consumption 68.4Industry, of which: 27.5 Public consumption 10.4

manufacturing … Investment 23.9Services 69.2 Exports 64.3

Imports -68.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 5 Unemployed 2004 6.1Industry 34 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 7.3Services 61

Energym TOE

Total output 10.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 26.3 of energy use 60Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,600

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.6% Narrow money (M1) 11.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.9% Broad money 12.8%Treasury bill rate, 2005 7.0%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Ft per $ 213.58 Effective rates 2000 = 100Ft per SDR 305.26 – nominal 108.9Ft per 7 251.27 – real 130.0

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & equipment 34.1 Machinery & equipment 31.7Other manufactures 15.1 Other manufactures 20.2Food, drink & tobacco 3.3 Fuels 4.3Raw materials 1.2 Food, drink & tobacco 2.1Total incl. others 54.9 Total incl. others 59.6

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 31.1 Germany 28.8Austria 6.7 Austria 8.2France 5.6 Russia 5.6Italy 5.6 Italy 5.4EU25 79.4 EU25 71.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 55.4 Change in reserves 3.2Visible imports fob -58.3 Level of reservesTrade balance -2.9 end Dec. 16.0Invisibles inflows 11.4 No. months of import cover 2.5Invisibles outflows -17.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Net transfers 0.2 Foreign debt 63.2Current account balance -8.8 – as % of GDP 80

– as % of GDP -8.8 – as % of total exports 115Capital balance 10.8 Debt service ratio 31Overall balance 2.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.4 Education spending, % of GDP 5.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.4 Enrolment, %: primary 100Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.8 secondary 106Improved-water source access, tertiary 51

% of pop. 99

SocietyNo. of households 3.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 89.2Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 35.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.6 per 100 pop. 86.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 14.6

New York = 100 74 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 91.3

HUNGARY 155

a 2003

156 COUNTRY PROFILES

INDIAArea 3,287,263 sq km Capital New DelhiArable as % of total land 54 Currency Indian rupee (Rs)

PeoplePopulation 1,081.2m Life expectancy: men 63.2 yrsPop. per sq km 328.9 women 66.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 61.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.55% Fertility rate (per woman) 3.1Pop. under 15 32.1% Urban population 28.7%Pop. over 60 7.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 105 Crude birth rate 23.8Human Development Index 60.2 Crude death rate 8.3

The economyGDP Rs31,055bn GDP per head $640GDP $691bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 7.9

GDP 1994–2004 6.1% Economic freedom index 3.49

Origins of GDPa Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 21.5 Private consumption 61.6Industry, of which: 27.0 Public consumption 10.6

manufacturing 16.0 Investment 24.8Services 51.5 Exports 19.1

Imports -16.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 60 Unemployed 2000 4.3Industry 17 Av. ann. rate 1995–2000 3.0Services 23

Energym TOE

Total output 453.1 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 553.4 of energy use 18Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 520

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 4.2% Narrow money (M1) 13.9%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 4.0% Broad money 15.2%Lending rate, 2005 10.8%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Rs per $ 45.07 Effective rates 2000 = 100Rs per SDR 64.41 – nominal …Rs per 7 53.02 – real …

TradePrincipal exportsa Principal importsa

$bn fob $bn cifEngineering goods 16.4 Petroleum & products 29.9Gems & jewellery 13.7 Capital goods 12.8Textiles 12.6 Gold & silver 10.8Agricultural goods 7.6 Electronic goods 9.6Chemicals 6.0 Gems 9.4Total incl. others 79.6 Total incl. others 107.3

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 19.8 United States 6.9China 8.3 Belgium 6.0United Arab Emirates 8.0 China 6.0United Kingdom 5.1 Singapore 4.7

Balance of paymentsa, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 82.2 Change in reserves 27.9Visible imports fob -118.8 Level of reservesTrade balance -36.6 end Dec. 131.6Invisibles inflows 56.0 No. months of import cover 12.5Invisibles outflows -45.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 11.5Net transfers 20.8 Foreign debt 122.7Current account balance -5.4 – as % of GDP 21

– as % of GDP -1.9 – as % of total exports 106Capital balance 16.7 Debt service ratio 16Overall balance 31.4

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.8 Education spending, % of GDP 4.1Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.6 Enrolment, %: primary 108Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 0.9 secondary 53Improved-water source access, tertiary 12

% of pop. 86

SocietyNo. of households 202.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 35.1Av. no. per household 5.3 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 4.1Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 4.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.2

New York = 100 47 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.8

INDIA 157

a Year ending March 31, 2005.

158 COUNTRY PROFILES

INDONESIAArea 1,904,443 sq km Capital JakartaArable as % of total land 12 Currency Rupiah (Rp)

PeoplePopulation 222.6m Life expectancy: men 67.0 yrsPop. per sq km 116.9 women 70.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 90.4%

in pop. 2000–05 1.26% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.4Pop. under 15 28.3% Urban population 47.9%Pop. over 60 8.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 100 Crude birth rate 20.7Human Development Index 69.7 Crude death rate 7.1

The economyGDP Rp2,303trn GDP per head $1,160GDP $258bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 9.1

GDP 1994–2004 3.0% Economic freedom index 3.71

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 16.2 Private consumption 66.5Industry, of which: 46.1 Public consumption 8.2

manufacturing 29.9 Investment 22.8Services 37.7 Exports 30.9

Imports -26.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 43 Unemployed 2002 9.1Industry 13 Av. ann. rate 1995–2002 5.9Services 44

Energym TOE

Total output 250.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 161.6 of energy use -55Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 753

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 10.5% Narrow money (M1) 16.5%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 9.3% Broad money 10.0%Money market rate, 2005 6.78%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Rp per $ 9,830 Effective rates 2000 = 100Rp per SDR 14,050 – nominal …Rp per 7 11,565 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifPetroleum & products 7.9 Raw materials 36.2Garments & textiles 7.7 Capital goods 6.5Natural gas 7.7 Consumer goods 3.8Total incl. others 71.6 Total incl. others 46.5

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Japan 24.3 Japan 21.6United States 15.2 China 12.6Singapore 10.2 Singapore 11.7China 8.8 Thailand 7.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 72.2 Change in reserves 0.1Visible imports fob -50.6 Level of reservesTrade balance 21.6 end Dec. 36.3Invisibles inflows 18.9 No. months of import cover 4.9Invisibles outflows -38.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.1Net transfers 1.1 Foreign debt 140.6Current account balance 3.1 – as % of GDP 63

– as % of GDP 1.2 – as % of total exports 181Capital balance 3.0 Debt service ratio 26Overall balance 0.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.1 Education spending, % of GDP 1.2Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.1 Enrolment, %: primary 112Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 61Improved-water source access, tertiary 16

% of pop. 78

SocietyNo. of households 57.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 51.9Av. no. per household 3.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 4.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 13.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.4

New York = 100 64 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.7

INDONESIA 159

160 COUNTRY PROFILES

IRANArea 1,648,000 sq km Capital TehranArable as % of total land 10 Currency Rial (IR)

PeoplePopulation 69.8m Life expectancy: men 70.1 yrsPop. per sq km 42.4 women 73.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 77.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.93% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.1Pop. under 15 28.7% Urban population 68.1%Pop. over 60 6.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 103 Crude birth rate 20.3Human Development Index 73.6 Crude death rate 5.2

The economyGDP IR1,408trn GDP per head $2,340GDP $163bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 19.0

GDP 1994–2004 4.3% Economic freedom index 4.51

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 13.7 Private consumption 45.2Industry, of which: 46.2 Public consumption 12.5

manufacturing … Investment 39.3Services 51.8 Exports 28.0

Imports -25.5

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture … Unemployed 2002 12.3Industry … Av. ann. rate 2000–2002 12.4Services …

Energym TOE

Total output 265.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 136.4 of energy use -95Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,055

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 13.4% Narrow money (M1) 21.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 14.0% Broad money 24.5%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

IR per $ 9,091 Effective rates 2000 = 100IR per SDR 12,993 – nominal 80.50IR per 7 10,695 – real 136.16

TradePrincipal exports Principal importsb

$bn fob $bn cifOil & gas 36.8 Transport, machinery & tools 7.6Chemicals & petrochemicals 1.4 Chemicals & pharmaceuticals 2.4Fruits 0.8 Food & animals 2.1Total incl. others 44.4 Total incl. others 17.6

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Japan 18.5 Germany 12.3China 9.6 France 8.4Italy 6.0 Italy 7.8Netherlands 5.8 China 7.5South Korea 5.8 United Arab Emirates 7.3

Balance of paymentsc, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 28.2 Change in reserves …Visible imports fob -23.8 Level of reservesTrade balance 4.4 end Dec. …Invisibles inflowsd 1.9 No. months of import cover …Invisibles outflowsd -2.9 Official gold holdings, m oz …Net transfersd 0.6 Foreign debt 13.6Current account balance 4.0 – as % of GDP 10

– as % of GDP 2.4 – as % of total exports 33Capital balanced -10.2 Debt service ratio 5Overall balanced 1.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.5 Education spending, % of GDP 4.9Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.4 Enrolment, %: primary 92Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.6 secondary 78Improved-water source access, tertiary 21

% of pop. 93

SocietyNo. of households 12.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 9.5Av. no. per household 5.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 22.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 10.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.1 per 100 pop. 6.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 10.5

New York = 100 33 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

IRAN 161

a Iranian year ending March 20, 2004.b 2001c Iranian year ending March 20, 2003.d Iranian year ending March 20, 2002.

162 COUNTRY PROFILES

IRELANDArea 70,282 sq km Capital DublinArable as % of total land 17 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 4.0m Life expectancy: men 75.9 yrsPop. per sq km 56.9 women 81.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.75% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.9Pop. under 15 20.2% Urban population 60.4%Pop. over 60 15.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 99 Crude birth rate 14.4Human Development Index 94.6 Crude death rate 7.3

The economyGDP 7146bn GDP per head $45,410GDP $182bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 97.9

GDP 1994–2004 7.9% Economic freedom index 1.58

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4.5 Private consumption 45.4Industry, of which: 45.6 Public consumption 14.4

manufacturing … Investment 25.1Services 49.9 Exports 80.2

Imports -64.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 7 Unemployed 2004 4.4Industry 28 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 7.2Services 65

Energym TOE

Total output 1.9 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 15.1 of energy use 87Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,777

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.4% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.5% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Money market rate, 2004 2.21% Broad money 6.9%Deposit rate, households, 2005 2.00% Household saving rate, 2004 9.9%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 111.37

– real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Chemicals 46.5 Machinery & transportMachinery & transport equipment 27.0

equipment 28.1 Chemicals 8.7Manufactured materials 14.3 Food, drink & tobacco 4.7Food, drink & tobacco 12.3 Fuels 0.6Total incl. others 105 Total incl. others 64

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 19.7 United Kingdom 31.1United Kingdom 17.8 United States 13.8Germany 7.7 Germany 7.6France 6.0 Japan 4.3EU25 62.6 EU25 63.6

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 98.7 Overall balance -1.4Visible imports fob -60.2 Change in reserves -1.2Trade balance 39.5 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 94.5 end Dec. 2.9Invisibles outflows -135.8 No. months of import cover 0.2Net transfers 0.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.2Current account balance -1.4 Aid given 0.61

– as % of GDP -0.8 – as % of GDP 0.39Capital balance 4.4

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.3 Education spending, % of GDP 4.3Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.8 Enrolment, %: primary 106Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.3 secondary 107Improved-water source access, tertiary 52

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 1.3m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.3Av. no. per household 3.0 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 49.9Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.3 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.1 per 100 pop. 93.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 49.7

New York = 100 108 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 60.2

IRELAND 163

164 COUNTRY PROFILES

ISRAELArea 20,770 sq km Capital JerusalemArable as % of total land 16 Currency New Shekel (NIS)

PeoplePopulation 6.6m Life expectancy: men 78.4 yrsPop. per sq km 317.8 women 82.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 97.1%

in pop. 2000–05 2.00% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.9Pop. under 15 27.8% Urban population 91.7%Pop. over 60 13.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 19.8Human Development Index 91.5 Crude death rate 5.6

The economyGDP NIS524bn GDP per head $17,710GDP $117bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 61.5

GDP 1994–2004 3.4% Economic freedom index 2.36

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.8 Private consumption 59.2Industry, of which: 35.3 Public consumption 28.6

manufacturing 24.3 Investment 17.7Services 59.3 Exports 44.0

Imports -49.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 2 Unemployed 2003 10.7Industry 23 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 8.7Services 75

Energym TOE

Total output 0.8 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 20.6 of energy use 96Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,086

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.3% Narrow money (M1) 11.8%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.7% Broad money 5.5%Treasury bill rate, 2005 4.3%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

NIS per $ 4.60 Effective rates 2000 = 100NIS per SDR 6.58 – nominal 81.25NIS per 7 5.41 – real 78.02

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobDiamonds 10.6 Diamonds 9.2Chemicals 5.7 Machinery & equipment 4.9Communications, medical & Fuel 4.5

scientific equipment 5.7 Chemicals 2.7Electronics 2.6Total incl. others 33.8 Total incl. others 40.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 41.9 United States 15.2Belgium 8.6 Belgium 10.2Hong Kong 5.6 Germany 7.7United Kingdom 4.3 Switzerland 6.7 Germany 4.0 United Kingdom 6.2

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 36.6 Change in reserves 0.8Visible imports fob -38.5 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.9 end Dec. 27.1Invisibles inflows 17.2 No. months of import cover 5.6Invisibles outflows -20.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 6.2 Foreign debt 75.8Current account balance 1.5 – as % of GDP 65

– as % of GDP 1.3 – as % of total exports 134Capital balance -3.6 Debt service ratio 11Overall balance -1.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.9 Education spending, % of GDP 7.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.7 Enrolment, %: primary 112Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.1 secondary 93Improved-water source access, tertiary 57

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 2.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 96.6Av. no. per household 3.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 43.7Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.4 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.1 per 100 pop. 105.3Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 73.4

New York = 100 86 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 183.7

ISRAEL 165

166 COUNTRY PROFILES

ITALYArea 301,245 sq km Capital RomeArable as % of total land 27 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 57.3m Life expectancy: men 77.5 yrsPop. per sq km 190.2 women 83.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 98.4%

in pop. 2000–05 0.13% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 14.0% Urban population 67.5%Pop. over 60 25.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 8.8Human Development Index 93.4 Crude death rate 10.6

The economyGDP 71,351bn GDP per head $29,280GDP $1,678bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 71.0

GDP 1994–2004 1.6% Economic freedom index 2.50

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.2 Private consumption 59.8Industry, of which: 28.7 Public consumption 19.7

manufacturing … Investment 19.5Services 69.1 Exports 25.9

Imports -25.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 5 Unemployed 2003 8.7Industry 32 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 10.6Services 63

Energym TOE

Total output 27.7 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 181.0 of energy use 85Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,140

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.0% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.4% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Money market rate, 2005 2.18% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 11.5%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 106.5

– real 123.3

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Engineering products 89.1 Engineering products 72.2Textiles & clothing 47.8 Transport equipment 49.9Transport equipment 39.1 Chemicals 47.4Chemicals 33.8 Energy products 36.5Food, drink & tobacco 19.3 Food, drink & tobacco 24.1Total incl. others 354 Total incl. others 355

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 14.1 Germany 18.1France 12.5 France 11.4United States 8.3 Netherlands 5.8Spain 7.1 United Kingdom 4.8United Kingdom 7.1 United States 3.9EU25 59.3 EU25 59.9

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 352.2 Overall balance -2.8Visible imports fob -341.3 Change in reserves -0.9Trade balance 10.9 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 136.9 end Dec. 62.4Invisibles outflows -153.4 No. months of import cover 1.5Net transfers -9.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 78.8Current account balance -15.1 Aid given 2.46

– as % of GDP -0.9 – as % of GDP 0.15Capital balance 10.8

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.4 Education spending, % of GDP 4.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 4.2 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.4 secondary 99Improved-water source access, tertiary 57

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 23.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 96.0Av. no. per household 2.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 44.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.8 per 100 pop. 108.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 31.3

New York = 100 97 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 195.9

ITALY 167

168 COUNTRY PROFILES

JAPANArea 377,727 sq km Capital TokyoArable as % of total land 12 Currency Yen (¥)

PeoplePopulation 127.8m Life expectancy: men 79.1 yrsPop. per sq km 338.4 women 86.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.17% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 14.0% Urban populationa 65.7%Pop. over 60 26.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 9.2Human Development Index 94.3 Crude death rate 8.8

The economyGDP ¥500trn GDP per head $36,170GDP $4,623bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 73.7

GDP 1994–2004 1.2% Economic freedom index 2.26

Origins of GDPa Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.3 Private consumption 56.5Industry, of which: 30.4 Public consumption 17.6

manufacturing 20.8 Investment 23.9Services 68.3 Exports 13.1

Imports -11.2

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 5 Unemployed 2004 4.7Industry 29 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 4.4Services 66

Energym TOE

Total output 84.6 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 517.1 of energy use 84Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,053

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 -0.3% Narrow money (M1) 9.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 -0.4% Broad money 2.0%Money market rate, 2005 0.00% Household saving rate, 2004 6.9%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

¥ per $ 117.9 Effective rates 2000 = 100¥ per SDR 186.6 – nominal 80.6¥ per 7 139.0 – real 69.6

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifElectrical machinery 132.8 Machinery & equipment 142.3Transport equipment 130.4 Mineral fuels 98.5Non-electrical machinery 116.5 Food 48.9Chemicals 48.3 Chemicals 35.2Metals 37.5 Raw materials 28.3Total incl. others 566 Total incl. others 455

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 22.4 China 20.7China 13.1 United States 13.7South Korea 7.8 South Korea 4.8Taiwan 7.4 Australia 4.3Hong Kong 6.3 Taiwan 3.7

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 539.0 Overall balance 160.9Visible imports fob -406.9 Change in reserves 171.1Trade balance 132.1 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 210.9 end Dec. 844.7Invisibles outflows -163.1 No. months of import cover 17.8Net transfers -7.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 24.6Current account balance 172.1 Aid given 8.91

– as % of GDP 3.7 – as % of GDP 0.19Capital balance 17.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.9 Education spending, % of GDP 3.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.0 Enrolment, %: primary 100Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 14.3 secondary 102Improved-water source access, tertiary 51

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 48.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.0Av. no. per household 2.6 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 46.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.7 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.2 per 100 pop. 71.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 54.2

New York = 100 136 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 194.9

JAPAN 169

a 2003

170 COUNTRY PROFILES

KENYAArea 582,646 sq km Capital NairobiArable as % of total land 8 Currency Kenyan shilling (KSh)

PeoplePopulation 32.4m Life expectancy: men 51.1 yrsPop. per sq km 55.6 women 49.4 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 73.6%

in pop. 2000–05 2.20% Fertility rate (per woman) 5.0Pop. under 15 42.8% Urban population 41.6%Pop. over 60 4.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 100 Crude birth rate 32.5Human Development Index 47.4 Crude death rate 13.8

The economyGDP KSh1,274bn GDP per head $500GDP $16.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 2.9

GDP 1994–2004 2.7% Economic freedom index 3.20

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 27.5 Private consumption 74.7Industry, of which: … Public consumption 17.0

manufacturing 13.3 Investment 17.4Other 59.2 Exports 28.0

Imports -37.1

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture … Unemployed 2004 …Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 …Services …

Energym TOE

Total output 13.5 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 16.2 of energy use 17Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 494

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 10.3% Narrow money (M1) 13.9%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 7.8% Broad money 8.9%Treasury bill rate, 2005 8.43%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

KSh per $ 73.4 Effective rates 2000 = 100KSh per SDR 103.4 – nominal …KSh per 7 86.3 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$m fob $m cifHorticultural products 499 Industrial supplies 1,380Tea 456 Machinery & transport equip. 651Coffee 88 Consumer goods 331Fish products 53 Food & drink 182Total incl. others 2,685 Total incl. others 4,557

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Uganda 13.1 United Arab Emirates 12.7United Kingdom 11.3 Saudi Arabia 9.8United States 10.4 South Africa 6.5Netherlands 8.0 United States 4.4

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 2.7 Change in reserves 0.0Visible imports fob -4.3 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.6 end Dec. 1.5Invisibles inflows 1.5 No. months of import cover 3.5Invisibles outflows -1.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 0.6 Foreign debt 6.8Current account balance -0.4 – as % of GDP 47

– as % of GDP -2.4 – as % of total exports 185Capital balance 0.2 Debt service ratio 10Overall balance 0.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.3 Education spending, % of GDP 7.0Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.1 Enrolment, %: primary 92Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 33Improved-water source access, tertiary 3

% of pop. 62

SocietyNo. of households 7.6m Colour TVs per 100 households 11.9Av. no. per household 4.3 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 0.9Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 7.9Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.4

New York = 100 66 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.4

KENYA 171

172 COUNTRY PROFILES

LATVIAArea 63,700 sq km Capital RigaArable as % of total land 29 Currency Lats (LVL)

PeoplePopulation 2.3m Life expectancy: men 67.2 yrsPop. per sq km 36.1 women 77.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.7%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.57% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 14.7% Urban population 65.9%Pop. over 60 22.5% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 84 Crude birth rate 7.8Human Development Index 83.6 Crude death rate 13.6

The economyGDP LVL7.3bn GDP per head $5,900GDP $13.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 29.4

GDP 1994–2004 5.6% Economic freedom index 2.43

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4 Private consumption 62.4Industry, of which: 23 Public consumption 20.0

manufacturing 13 Investment 33.3Services 73 Exports 44.1

Imports -59.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 14 Unemployed 2004 10.4Industry 27 Av. ann. rate 1996–2004 13.8Services 59

Energym TOE

Total output 2.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 4.4 of energy use 55Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,881

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 6.7% Narrow money (M1) 18.7%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 4.0% Broad money 23.1%Money market rate, 2005 3.49%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

LVL per $ 0.59 Effective rates 2000 = 100LVL per SDR 0.85 – nominal …LVL per 7 0.69 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifWood & wood products 1.2 Machinery & equipment 1.4Metals 0.7 Mineral products 0.9Textiles 0.4 Base metals 0.7Machinery & equipment 0.3 Transport equipment 0.7Total incl. others 4.0 Total incl. others 7.0

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United Kingdom 12.9 Germany 14.5Germany 12.3 Lithuania 12.4Sweden 10.3 Russia 8.4Lithuania 9.5 Estonia 7.1Estonia 8.5 Finland 6.5EU25 76.9 EU25 75.1

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 4.2 Change in reserves 0.5Visible imports fob -6.9 Level of reservesTrade balance -2.7 end Dec. 2.0Invisibles inflows 2.3 No. months of import cover 2.7Invisibles outflows -1.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.2Net transfers 0.7 Foreign debt 12.7Current account balance -1.7 – as % of GDP 112

– as % of GDP -12.3 – as % of total exports 243Capital balance 2.1 Debt service ratio 26Overall balance 0.4

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.4 Education spending, % of GDP 5.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.0 Enrolment, %: primary 94Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.8 secondary 95Improved-water source access, tertiary 73

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 0.8m Colour TVs per 100 households 74.0Av. no. per household 2.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 28.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.5 per 100 pop. 67.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 21.9

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 39.3

LATVIA 173

174 COUNTRY PROFILES

LITHUANIAArea 65,200 sq km Capital VilniusArable as % of total land 47 Currency Litas (LTL)

PeoplePopulation 3.4m Life expectancy: men 67.9 yrsPop. per sq km 52.1 women 78.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.6%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.40% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 16.7% Urban population 66.6%Pop. over 60 20.7% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 87 Crude birth rate 8.8Human Development Index 85.2 Crude death rate 12.2

The economyGDP LTL61.9bn GDP per head $6,550GDP $22.3bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 33.0

GDP 1994–2004 5.4% Economic freedom index 2.14

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 5.9 Private consumption 64.6Industry, of which: 32.9 Public consumption 17.5

manufacturing … Investment 21.8Services 61.2 Exports 52.4

Imports -58.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 18 Unemployed 2004 12.8Industry 28 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 14.8Services 54

Energym TOE

Total output 5.2 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 8.9 of energy use 42Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,585

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.7% Narrow money (M1) 18.8%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 0.8% Broad money 19.4%Money market rate, 2005 1.97%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

LTL per $ 2.91 Effective rates 2000 = 100LTL per SDR 4.16 – nominal …LTL per 7 3.42 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMineral products 2.4 Machinery & equipment 2.4Machinery & equipment 1.2 Mineral products 2.4Textiles 1.1 Transport equipment 1.6Transport equipment 0.8 Chemicals 1.0Total incl. others 9.3 Total incl. others 12.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 10.2 Russia 23.0Latvia 10.1 Germany 16.9Russia 9.3 Poland 7.6France 6.3 Netherlands 4.0United Kingdom 5.3 Latvia 3.8EU25 66.4 EU25 63.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 9.3 Change in reserves 0.1Visible imports fob -11.6 Level of reservesTrade balance -2.3 end Dec. 3.6Invisibles inflows 2.9 No. months of import cover 3.0Invisibles outflows -2.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.2Net transfers 0.3 Foreign debt 9.5Current account balance -1.6 – as % of GDP 53

– as % of GDP -7.1 – as % of total exports 95Capital balance 1.3 Debt service ratio 18Overall balance -0.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.6 Education spending, % of GDP 5.9Doctors per 1,000 pop. 4.0 Enrolment, %: primary 98Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 8.7 secondary 102Improved-water source access, tertiary 72

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 1.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 76.7Av. no. per household 2.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 23.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.3 per 100 pop. 99.3Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 15.5

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 60.8

LITHUANIA 175

176 COUNTRY PROFILES

MALAYSIAArea 332,665 sq km Capital Kuala LumpurArable as % of total land 5 Currency Malaysiandollar/ringgit(M$)

PeoplePopulation 24.9m Life expectancy: men 71.9 yrsPop. per sq km 74.9 women 76.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 88.7%

in pop. 2000–05 1.95% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.9Pop. under 15 32.4% Urban population 65.1%Pop. over 60 7.0% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 103 Crude birth rate 22.6Human Development Index 79.6 Crude death rate 4.7

The economyGDP M$450bn GDP per head $4,750GDP $118bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 25.9

GDP 1994–2004 5.1% Economic freedom index 2.98

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 9.5 Private consumption 42.9Industry, of which: 45.4 Public consumption 13.3

manufacturing 31.2 Investment 22.4Services 45.1 Exports 121.8

Imports -100.4

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 15 Unemployed 2003 3.6Industry 30 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 3.2Services 55

Energym TOE

Total output 83.8 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 56.7 of energy use -48Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,318

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.1% Narrow money (M1) 8.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.8% Broad money 9.2%Money market rate, 2005 2.72%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

M$ per $ 3.78 Effective rates 2000 = 100M$ per SDR 5.40 – nominal 97.9M$ per 7 4.45 – real 97.9

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifElectronics & electrical mach. 67.6 Intermediate goods 75.6Chemicals & products 7.3 Capital goods & transport 14.6Petroleum & gas 7.3 equipmentPalm oil 5.3 Consumption goods 6.1Textiles, clothing & footwear 2.7 Re-exports 4.5Total incl. others 126.5 Total incl. others 105.3

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 18.8 Japan 15.9Singapore 15.0 United States 14.5Japan 10.1 Singapore 11.1China 6.7 China 9.8Hong Kong 6.0 Thailand 5.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 126.6 Change in reserves 21.9Visible imports fob -99.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 27.5 end Dec. 66.9Invisibles inflows 21.0 No. months of import cover 6.2Invisibles outflows -29.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.2Net transfers -3.9 Foreign debt 52.1Current account balance 14.8 – as % of GDP 52

– as % of GDP 12.5 – as % of total exports 42Capital balancea -3.2 Debt service ratio 7Overall balancea 10.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.8 Education spending, % of GDP 8.1Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.6 Enrolment, %: primary 93Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.9 secondary 70Improved-water source access, tertiary 29

% of pop. 95

SocietyNo. of households 5.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 90.3Av. no. per household 4.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 17.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 57.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 19.2

New York = 100 65 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 6.2

MALAYSIA 177

a 2003

178 COUNTRY PROFILES

MEXICOArea 1,972,545 sq km Capital Mexico cityArable as % of total land 13 Currency Mexican peso (PS)

PeoplePopulation 104.9m Life expectancy: men 73.7 yrsPop. per sq km 53.2 women 78.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 91.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.34% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.4Pop. under 15 31.0% Urban population 76.0%Pop. over 60 7.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 22.4Human Development Index 81.4 Crude death rate 4.5

The economyGDP 7,635bn pesos GDP per head $6,450GDP $677bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 24.7

GDP 1994–2004 2.7% Economic freedom index 2.83

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4.1 Private consumption 68.5Industry, of which: 26.4 Public consumption 11.7

manufacturing & mining 19.5 Investment 21.8Services 69.5 Exports 30.1

Imports -31.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 17 Unemployed 2004 2.5Industry 25 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 2.5Services 58

Energym TOE

Total output 242.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 159.9 of energy use -52Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,564

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 4.0% Narrow money (M1) 12.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 4.9% Broad money 6.6%Money market rate, 2005 9.59%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

PS per $ 10.78 Effective rates 2000 = 100PS per SDR 15.40 – nominal …PS per 7 12.68 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobManufactured products 172.5 Intermediate goods 149.3(Maquiladoraa 87.0) (Maquiladoraa 68.6)Crude oil & products 29.9 Consumer goods 25.4Agricultural products 5.6 Capital goods 22.6Total incl. others 188.0 Total 196.8

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 87.5 United States 56.3Canada 1.8 China 3.8Japan 1.1 Germany 3.6Spain 1.0 South Korea 3.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 188.0 Change in reserves 5.2Visible imports fob -196.8 Level of reservesTrade balance -8.8 end Dec. 64.2Invisibles inflows 19.1 No. months of import cover 3.3Invisibles outflows -34.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.1Net transfers 17.0 Foreign debt 138.7Current account balance -7.4 – as % of GDP 22

– as % of GDP -1.1 – as % of total exports 69Capital balance 12.3 Debt service ratio 25Overall balance 4.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.2 Education spending, % of GDP 5.3Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.9 Enrolment, %: primary 110Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.0 secondary 79Improved-water source access, tertiary 22

% of pop. 91

SocietyNo. of households 24.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 90.5Av. no. per household 4.3 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 17.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.5 per 100 pop. 36.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 10.7

New York = 100 84 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 24.4

MEXICO 179

a Manufacturing assembly plants near the Mexican-US border where goods forprocessing may be imported duty-free and all output is exported.

180 COUNTRY PROFILES

MOROCCOArea 446,550 sq km Capital RabatArable as % of total land 19 Currency Dirham (Dh)

PeoplePopulation 31.1m Life expectancy: men 68.8 yrsPop. per sq km 69.7 women 73.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 52.3%

in pop. 2000–05 1.48% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.8Pop. under 15 31.1% Urban population 58.8%Pop. over 60 6.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 99 Crude birth rate 23.2Human Development Index 63.1 Crude death rate 5.6

The economyGDP Dh444bn GDP per head $1,610GDP $50.0bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 10.9

GDP 1994–2004 3.0% Economic freedom index 3.21

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 15.3 Private consumption 61.4Industry, of which: 29.8 Public consumption 19.8

manufacturing 17.5 Investment 22.7Services 54.9 Exports 26.3

Imports -30.2

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 44 Unemployed 2003 11.9Industry 20 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 15.6Services 36

Energym TOE

Total output 0.6 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 10.9 of energy use 94Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 378

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.0% Narrow money (M1) 10.4%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.4% Broad money 9.1%Money market rate, 2005 2.78%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Dh per $ 9.25 Effective rates 2000 = 100Dh per SDR 13.22 – nominal 95.7Dh per 7 10.88 – real 92.2

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifTextiles 2.0 Semi-finished goods 4.1Phosphoric acid 0.7 Consumer goods 4.0Electrical components 0.6 Capital goods 3.9Phosphate rock 0.5 Energy & lubricants 2.9Citrus fruits 0.2 Food, drink & tobacco 1.5Total incl. others 9.9 Total incl. others 17.8

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

France 25.4 France 20.3Spain 19.1 Spain 14.9United Kingdom 8.0 Germany 7.0Italy 4.9 Italy 6.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 9.9 Change in reserves 2.5Visible imports fob -16.4 Level of reservesTrade balance -6.5 end Dec. 16.6Invisibles inflows 7.2 No. months of import cover 9.5Invisibles outflows -4.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.7Net transfers 4.8 Foreign debt 17.7Current account balance 0.9 – as % of GDP 41

– as % of GDP 1.8 – as % of total exports 96Capital balance 0.1 Debt service ratio 16Overall balance 0.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.1 Education spending, % of GDP 6.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.5 Enrolment, %: primary 110Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 0.8 secondary 45Improved-water source access, tertiary 11

% of pop. 80

SocietyNo. of households 5.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 48.1Av. no. per household 5.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 4.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 31.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 2.1

New York = 100 73 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 8.0

MOROCCO 181

182 COUNTRY PROFILES

NETHERLANDSAreaa 41,526 sq km Capital AmsterdamArable as % of total land 27 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 16.2m Life expectancy: men 76.3 yrsPop. per sq km 390.1 women 81.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.50% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.7Pop. under 15 18.2% Urban population 66.8%Pop. over 60 19.2% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 99 Crude birth rate 12.1Human Development Index 94.3 Crude death rate 9.1

The economyGDP 7466bn GDP per head $35,740GDP $579bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 80.1

GDP 1994–2004 2.4% Economic freedom index 1.90

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.7 Private consumption 49.4Industry, of which: 24.1 Public consumption 23.5

manufacturing … Investment 19.7Services 73.2 Exports 73.9

Imports -66.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 4 Unemployed 2003 4.3Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 4.7Services 74

Energym TOE

Total output 58.5 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 80.8 of energy use 28Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,982

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.7% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.5% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Lending rate, 2004 2.75% Broad money 6.9%Deposit rate, households, 2005 3.18% Household saving rate, 2004 7.3%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 107.0

– real 111.3

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Machinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 103 equipment 108Chemicals 54 Chemicals 36Food, drink & tobacco 46 Food, drink & tobacco 33Fuels 29 Fuels 26Total incl. others 318 Total incl. others 284

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 23.8 Germany 19.6Belgium 11.9 Belgium 11.1United Kingdom 10.0 United States 8.0France 9.7 United Kingdom 6.5EU25 79.5 EU25 52.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 304.3 Overall balance -1.0Visible imports fob -273.3 Change in reserves -0.4Trade balance 31.0 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 139.1 end Dec. 21.1Invisibles outflows -137.9 No. months of import cover 0.6Net transfers -9.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 25.0Current account balance 23.2 Aid given 4.20

– as % of GDP 4.0 – as % of GDP 0.73Capital balance -13.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.8 Education spending, % of GDP 5.1Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.1 Enrolment, %: primary 108Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.7 secondary 122Improved-water source access, tertiary 58

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 7.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.7Av. no. per household 2.3 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 48.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.9 per 100 pop. 91.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 68.5

New York = 100 104 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 448.0

NETHERLANDS 183

a Includes water.

184 COUNTRY PROFILES

NEW ZEALANDArea 270,534 sq km Capital WellingtonArable as % of total land 6 Currency New Zealand dollar (NZ$)

PeoplePopulation 3.9m Life expectancy: men 77.7 yrsPop. per sq km 14.4 women 82.0 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.07% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.0Pop. under 15 21.3% Urban population 86.0%Pop. over 60 16.7% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 97 Crude birth rate 14.0Human Development Index 93.3 Crude death rate 7.4

The economyGDP NZ$149bn GDP per head $25,370GDP $98.9bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 59.0

GDP 1994–2004 3.3% Economic freedom index 1.84

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture & mining 7.3 Private consumption 58.7Manufacturing 15.2 Public consumption 17.8Other 77.5 Investment 24.0

Exports 29.2Imports -29.6

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 9 Unemployed 2004 3.9Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 5.8Services 69

Energym TOE

Total output 13.2 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 17.4 of energy use 24Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,333

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.0% Narrow money (M1) 8.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.5% Broad money 6.5%Money market rate, 2005 6.76% Household saving rate, 2003 -6.5%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

NZ$ per $ 1.47 Effective rates 2000 = 100NZ$ per SDR 2.10 – nominal 135.7NZ$ per 7 1.73 – real 139.7

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Dairy produce 3.5 Machinery & electrical Meat 3.1 equipment 4.6Forestry products 1.4 Transport equipment 3.6Fish 1.0 Mineral fuels 2.4Total incl. others 20.3 Total incl. others 23.2

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Australia 20.8 Australia 22.4United States 14.4 Japan 11.2Japan 11.2 United States 11.2China 5.7 China 9.7

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 20.5 Overall balance 0.6Visible imports fob -21.9 Change in reserves 0.4Trade balance -1.4 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 9.4 end Dec. 5.3Invisibles outflows -14.2 No. months of import cover 1.8Net transfers 0.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Current account balance -6.2 Aid given 0.21

– as % of GDP -6.3 – as % of GDP 0.23Capital balance 9.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.1 Education spending, % of GDP 6.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.3 Enrolment, %: primary 102Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.1 secondary 120Improved-water source access, tertiary 77

% of pop. 95

SocietyNo. of households 1.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.0Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 46.1Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.3 per 100 pop. 77.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 49.3

New York = 100 96 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 249.2

NEW ZEALAND 185

186 COUNTRY PROFILES

NIGERIAArea 923,768 sq km Capital AbujaArable as % of total land 33 Currency Naira (N)

PeoplePopulation 127.1m Life expectancy: men 44.1 yrsPop. per sq km 137.6 women 44.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 68.0%

in pop. 2000–05 2.24% Fertility rate (per woman) 5.6Pop. under 15 44.3% Urban population 48.3%Pop. over 60 4.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 102 Crude birth rate 39.1Human Development Index 45.3 Crude death rate 18.4

The economyGDP N9,575bn GDP per head $570GDP $72.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 2.9

GDP 1994–2004 3.8% Economic freedom index 4.00

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 34.8 Private consumption 84.7Manufacturing 4.6 Public consumption 2.5Other 60.6 Investment 19.5

Exports 42.0Imports -48.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture … Unemployed 2001 3.9Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–2001 3.7Services …

Energym TOE

Total output 214.6 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 97.8 of energy use -119Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 777

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 13.5% Narrow money (M1) 27.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 15.7% Broad money 26.5%Treasury bill rate 2005 7.63%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

N per $ 129.0 Effective rates 2000 = 100N per SDR 184.4 – nominal 71.5N per 7 151.8 – real 129.6

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Oil 20.7 Manufactured goods 4.4Gas 2.0 Chemicals 2.8

Machinery & transportequipment 2.8

Agric products &foodstuffs 1.1

Total incl. others 31.1 Total incl. others 14.2

Main export destinationsa Main origins of importsa

% of total % of totalUnited States 49.9 United States 8.9India 10.2 China 8.5Spain 7.5 United Kingdom 8.3Brazil 6.9 Netherlands 6.2

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 23.7 Change in reserves 9.8Visible imports fob -11.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 12.6 end Dec. 17.3Invisibles inflows 3.5 No. months of import cover 12.1Invisibles outflows -6.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.7Net transfers 2.3 Foreign debt 35.9Current account balance 12.3 – as % of GDP 72

– as % of GDP 17.0 – as % of total exports 141Capital balance -4.5 Debt service ratio 9Overall balance -8.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.0 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.3 Enrolment, %: primary 119Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 36Improved-water source access, tertiary 8

% of pop. 60

SocietyNo. of households 26.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 53.1Av. no. per household 4.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 0.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 7.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 0.7

New York = 100 82 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. …

NIGERIA 187

a Estimate.

188 COUNTRY PROFILES

NORWAYArea 323,878 sq km Capital OsloArable as % of total land 3 Currency Norwegian krone (Nkr)

PeoplePopulation 4.6m Life expectancy: men 77.8 yrsPop. per sq km 14.2 women 82.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.52% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.8Pop. under 15 19.6% Urban population 80.5%Pop. over 60 20.0% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 99 Crude birth rate 12.0Human Development Index 96.3 Crude death rate 9.3

The economyGDP Nkr1,686bn GDP per head $54,360GDP $250bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 96.9

GDP 1994–2004 2.9% Economic freedom index 2.29

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.9 Private consumption 44.8Industry, of which: 39.9 Public consumption 22.0

manufacturing … Investment 19.0Services 58.2 Exports 43.7

Imports -29.5

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 4 Unemployed 2004 4.5Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 4.0Services 74

Energym TOE

Total output 233.2 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 23.3 of energy use -899Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 5,100

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.5% Narrow money (M1) 6.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.7% Broad money 6.9%Interbank rate, 2005 2.21% Household saving rate, 2004 10.2%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Nkr per $ 6.78 Effective rates 2000 = 100Nkr per SDR 9.68 – nominal 110.3Nkr per 7 7.98 – real 127.5

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Oil, gas & products 64.2 Machinery & transport equip. 18.7Machinery & transport equip. 9.8 Manufactured materials 8.3Manufactured materials 6.8 Misc. manufactures 7.6Food, drink & tobacco 4.5 Chemicals 4.7Total incl. others 82 Total incl. others 49

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United Kingdom 22.3 Sweden 15.7Germany 12.9 Germany 13.6Netherlands 9.9 Denmark 7.3France 9.6 United Kingdom 6.5United States 8.4 United States 4.9Sweden 6.7 Netherlands 4.4EU25 78.2 EU25 70.8

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 83.0 Overall balance 5.2Visible imports fob -49.4 Change in reserves 6.6Trade balance 33.6 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 38.5 end Dec. 44.3Invisibles outflows -34.9 No. months of import cover 6.3Net transfers -2.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.2Current account balance 34.4 Aid given 2.20

– as % of GDP 13.8 – as % of GDP 0.87Capital balance -20.9

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 10.3 Education spending, % of GDP 7.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.1 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.8 secondary 115Improved-water source access, tertiary 81

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 2.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 93.5Av. no. per household 2.3 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 47.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.4 per 100 pop. 103.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 57.8

New York = 100 140 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 458.5

NORWAY 189

190 COUNTRY PROFILES

PAKISTANArea 803,940 sq km Capital IslamabadArable as % of total land 25 Currency Pakistan rupee (PRs)

PeoplePopulation 157.3m Life expectancy: men 64.6 yrsPop. per sq km 195.7 women 64.9 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 49.9%

in pop. 2000–05 2.04% Fertility rate (per woman) 4.3Pop. under 15 38.3% Urban population 34.8%Pop. over 60 5.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 106 Crude birth rate 35.9Human Development Index 52.7 Crude death rate 7.5

The economyGDP PRs5,533bn GDP per head $610GDP $96.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 5.6

GDP 1994–2004 3.8% Economic freedom index 3.33

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 21.6 Private consumption 80.0Industry, of which: 25.0 Public consumption 7.8

manufacturing & mining 20.2 Investment 16.9Other 53.4 Exports 15.3

Imports -19.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 42 Unemployed 2002 8.3Industry 21 Av. ann. rate 1995–2002 6.4Services 37

Energym TOE

Total output 55.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 69.3 of energy use 20Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 467

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 9.1% Narrow money (M1) 16.2%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.1% Broad money 15.7%Money market rate, 2005 6.83%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

PRs per $ 59.83 Effective rates 2000 = 100PRs per SDR 85.51 – nominal 82.52PRs per 7 70.39 – real 97.63

TradePrincipal exportsa Principal importsa

$bn fob $bn fob Cotton fabrics 1.9 Machinery & transport equip. 6.0Knitwear 1.6 Fuels etc 4.3Bedwear 1.5 Chemicals 3.6Cotton yarn & thread 1.1 Manufactures 2.3Rice 0.9Total incl. others 13.4 Total incl. others 17.9

Main export destinationsa Main origins of importsa

% of total % of totalUnited States 24.0 Saudi Arabia 12.3United Arab Emirates 7.6 China 8.9United Kingdom 6.2 United Arab Emirates 8.3Afghanistan 5.2 United States 7.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 13.4 Change in reserves -1.1Visible imports fob -16.7 Level of reservesTrade balance -3.4 end Dec. 10.7Invisibles inflows 2.9 No. months of import cover 5.2Invisibles outflows -7.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.1Net transfers 7.5 Foreign debt 35.7Current account balance -0.8 – as % of GDP 44

– as % of GDP -0.8 – as % of total exports 194Capital balance -1.1 Debt service ratio 23Overall balance -1.4

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 2.4 Education spending, % of GDP 1.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.7 Enrolment, %: primary 68Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 0.7 secondary 23Improved-water source access, tertiary 3

% of pop. 90

SocietyNo. of households 21.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 38.3Av. no. per household 7.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 3.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 3.3Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. …

New York = 100 43 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.4

PAKISTAN 191

a Fiscal year ending June 30, 2005.

192 COUNTRY PROFILES

PERUArea 1,285,216 sq km Capital LimaArable as % of total land 3 Currency Nuevo Sol (New Sol)

PeoplePopulation 27.6m Life expectancy: men 68.7 yrsPop. per sq km 21.5 women 73.9 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 89.7%

in pop. 2000–05 1.50% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.9Pop. under 15 32.2% Urban population 74.6%Pop. over 60 7.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 23.3Human Development Index 76.2 Crude death rate 5.9

The economyGDP New Soles 234bn GDP per head $2,490GDP $68.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 14.3

GDP 1994–2004 3.5% Economic freedom index 2.86

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 8.8 Private consumption 68.7Industry, of which: 26.3 Public consumption 10.1

manufacturing 14.9 Investment 18.5Services 64.9 Exports 20.9

Imports -18.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 1 Unemployed 2004 10.5Industry 20 Av. ann. rate 1996–2004 8.3Services 79

Energym TOE

Total output 9.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 12.0 of energy use 21Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 442

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.6% Narrow money (M1) 1.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.9% Broad money 1.5%Deposit rate, 2005 3.43%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

New Soles per $ 3.28 Effective rates 2000 = 100New Soles per SDR 2.10 – nominal …New Soles per 7 3.86 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobCopper 2.4 Intermediate goods 5.4Gold 2.4 Capital goods 2.4Fishmeal 1.1 Consumer goods 2.0Zinc 0.6 Other goods 0.1Total incl. others 12.6 Total incl. others 9.8

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 29.0 United States 28.7China 9.3 Spain 7.4United Kingdom 7.5 Chile 6.6Chile 5.0 Brazil 6.0

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 12.6 Change in reserves 2.4Visible imports fob -9.8 Level of reservesTrade balance 2.8 end Dec. 12.7Invisibles inflows 2.2 No. months of import cover 9.3Invisibles outflows -6.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.1Net transfers 1.5 Foreign debt 31.3Current account balance -0.0 – as % of GDP 52

– as % of GDP -0.0 – as % of total exports 245Capital balance 2.3 Debt service ratio 21Overall balance 2.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.4 Education spending, % of GDP 3.0Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.1 Enrolment, %: primary 118Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.4 secondary 90Improved-water source access, tertiary 32

% of pop. 81

SocietyNo. of households 5.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 49.6Av. no. per household 4.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 7.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 14.8Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 10.0

New York = 100 61 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 9.6

PERU 193

194 COUNTRY PROFILES

PHILIPPINESArea 300,000 sq km Capital ManilaArable as % of total land 19 Currency Philippine peso (P)

PeoplePopulation 81.4m Life expectancy: men 69.5 yrsPop. per sq km 271.3 women 73.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 92.6%

in pop. 2000–05 1.84% Fertility rate (per woman) 3.2Pop. under 15 35.1% Urban population 62.6%Pop. over 60 6.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 25.3Human Development Index 75.8 Crude death rate 4.8

The economyGDP P4,739bn GDP per head $1,040GDP $84.6bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 11.6

GDP 1994–2004 4.0% Economic freedom index 3.23

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 15.2 Private consumption 69.3Industry, of which: 31.9 Public consumption 10.2

manufacturing 23.1 Investment 17.1Services 52.9 Exports 50.6

Imports -50.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 37 Unemployed 2004 10.9Industry 16 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 9.2Services 47

Energym TOE

Total output 22.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 42.1 of energy use 47Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 525

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 7.6% Narrow money (M1) 7.5%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.4% Broad money 7.1%Money market rate, 2005 7.31%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

P per $ 53.07 Effective rates 2000 = 100P per SDR 75.85 – nominal 80.5P per 7 62.44 – real 98.6

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fob Electrical & electronic Semi-processed raw

equipment 26.6 materials 13.7Semiconductors 18.6 Telecom & electrical machinery 8.7Clothing 2.2 Electrical equipment parts 6.2Coconut products 0.6 Chemicals 3.2Petroleum products 0.4 Crude petroleum 2.5Total incl. others 39.6 Total incl. others 42.3

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Japan 20.1 Japan 19.8United States 17.9 United States 13.7Netherlands 9.1 China 7.7Hong Kong 7.9 Singapore 7.4China 6.7 Taiwan 7.0Singapore 6.6 South Korea 5.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 38.7 Change in reserves -0.8Visible imports fob -45.1 Level of reservesTrade balance -6.4 end Dec. 16.2Invisibles inflows 7.7 No. months of import cover 3.6Invisibles outflows -8.8 Official gold holdings, m oz 7.1Net transfers 9.6 Foreign debt 60.6Current account balance 2.1 – as % of GDP 71

– as % of GDP 2.5 – as % of total exports 120Capital balance -3.0 Debt service ratio 23Overall balance -1.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.2 Education spending, % of GDP 3.1Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.5 Enrolment, %: primary 112Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 1.0 secondary 84Improved-water source access, tertiary 30

% of pop. 85

SocietyNo. of households 16.8m Colour TVs per 100 households 67.4Av. no. per household 4.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 4.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 39.9Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 4.5

New York = 100 39 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 1.3

PHILIPPINES 195

196 COUNTRY PROFILES

POLANDArea 312,683 sq km Capital WarsawArable as % of total land 41 Currency Zloty (Zl)

PeoplePopulation 38.6m Life expectancy: men 71.2 yrsPop. per sq km 123.4 women 79.0 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.7%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.06% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 16.3% Urban population 62.0%Pop. over 60 16.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 9.6Human Development Index 85.8 Crude death rate 10.1

The economyGDP Zl885bn GDP per head $6,280GDP $242bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 32.7

GDP 1994–2004 4.4% Economic freedom index 2.49

Origins of GDPa Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3 Private consumption 63.2Industry, of which: 33 Public consumption 18.8

manufacturing 20 Investment 20.0Services 64 Exports 37.6

Imports -39.6

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 18 Unemployed 2004 19.0Industry 29 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 15.4Services 53

Energym TOE

Total output 80.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 93.7 of energy use 15Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,452

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.1% Narrow money (M1) 10.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.8% Broad money 7.2%Money market rate, 2005 5.3%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Zl per $ 3.26 Effective rates 2000 = 100Zl per SDR 4.66 – nominal 108.7Zl per 7 3.84 – real 110.3

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & Machinery &

transport equipment 28.6 transport equipment 34.0Manufactured goods 17.6 Manufactured goods 18.6Other manufactured goods 11.3 Chemicals 12.6Agric. products & foodstuffs 5.8 Mineral fuels 8.1Total incl. others 73.8 Total incl. others 88.2

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 29.5 Germany 23.8Italy 6.0 Italy 7.7France 5.9 Russia 7.2United Kingdom 5.4 France 6.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 81.9 Change in reserves 2.8Visible imports fob -87.5 Level of reservesTrade balance -5.6 end Dec. 36.8Invisibles inflows 15.6 No. months of import cover 3.9Invisibles outflows -26.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.3Net transfers 5.6 Foreign debt 99.2Current account balance -10.4 – as % of GDP 47

– as % of GDP -4.3 – as % of total exports 126Capital balance 9.2 Debt service ratio 44Overall balance 0.8

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.5 Education spending, % of GDP 5.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.5 Enrolment, %: primary 99Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 5.6 secondary 105Improved-water source access, tertiary 60

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 13.5m Colour TVs per 100 households 85.6Av. no. per household 2.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 31.9Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.1 per 100 pop. 59.9Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 19.1

New York = 100 82 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 102.1

POLAND 197

a 2002

198 COUNTRY PROFILES

PORTUGALArea 88,940 sq km Capital LisbonArable as % of total land 17 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 10.1m Life expectancy: men 74.6 yrsPop. per sq km 113.6 women 81.2 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 93.3%

in pop. 2000–05 0.52% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.5Pop. under 15 15.9% Urban population 55.6%Pop. over 60 22.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 11.0Human Development Index 90.4 Crude death rate 10.9

The economyGDP 7135bn GDP per head $16,610GDP $168bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 49.5

GDP 1994–2004 2.5% Economic freedom index 2.29

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.7 Private consumption 64.1Industry, of which: 26.7 Public consumption 20.7

manufacturing … Investment 23.0Services 69.6 Exports 28.9

Imports -36.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 13 Unemployed 2003 6.3Industry 33 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 5.5Services 55

Energym TOE

Total output 3.4 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 25.8 of energy use 83Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,469

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.3% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.2% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Deposit rate, h’holds, 2005 1.94% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 11.8%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 105.1

– real 110.5

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifTransport goods 6.3 Machinery 13.1Machinery 6.2 Transport goods 8.9Clothing 4.1 Chemicals 6.1Shoes 2.0 Agricultural goods 4.6Total incl. others 37 Total incl. others 58

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Spain 24.9 Spain 29.3France 14.0 Germany 14.3Germany 13.5 France 9.3United Kingdom 9.6 Italy 6.1United States 6.1 United Kingdom 4.6EU25 79.4 EU25 76.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 37.3 Overall balance -1.9Visible imports fob -55.4 Change in reserves -1.1Trade balance -18.1 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 21.3 end Dec. 11.7Invisibles outflows -19.3 No. months of import cover 1.9Net transfers 3.5 Official gold holdings, m oz 14.9Current account balance -12.7 Aid given 1.03

– as % of GDP -7.6 – as % of GDP 0.63Capital balance 12.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.6 Education spending, % of GDP 5.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.4 Enrolment, %: primary 115Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.6 secondarya 113Improved-water source access, tertiary 56

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 3.8m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.1Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 40.3Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.4 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.7 per 100 pop. 98.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 13.3

New York = 100 83 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 136.5

PORTUGAL 199

a Includes training for unemployed.

200 COUNTRY PROFILES

ROMANIAArea 237,500 sq km Capital BucharestArable as % of total land 41 Currency Leu (RON)

PeoplePopulation 22.3m Life expectancy: men 68.7 yrsPop. per sq km 93.9 women 75.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 97.3%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.37% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 15.4% Urban population 54.7%Pop. over 60 19.3% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 95 Crude birth rate 10.4Human Development Index 79.2 Crude death rate 12.6

The economyGDP L2,388trn GDP per head $3,280GDP $73.2bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 21.4

GDP 1994–2004 2.4% Economic freedom index 3.19

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 14.7 Private consumption 70.4Industry, of which: 31.8 Public consumption 15.9

manufacturing … Investment 23.1Services 48.8 Exports 37.1

Imports -46.4

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 35 Unemployed 2004 8.0Industry 30 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 7.1Services 35

Energym TOE

Total output 28.9 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 39.0 of energy use 26Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,794

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 9.0% Narrow money (M1) 38.4%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 18.3% Broad money 36.9%Bank rate, 2005 9.6%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

RON per $ 3.11 Effective rates 2000 = 100RON per SDR 4.44 – nominal 58.09RON per 7 3.66 – real 121.31

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifTextiles 5.2 Machinery & equipment 7.8Machinery & equipment 4.1 Fuels & minerals 4.4Basic metals & products 3.6 Textiles & footwear 4.1Minerals & fuels 1.7 Chemicals 2.6Total incl. others 23.5 Total incl. others 32.7

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Italy 21.2 Italy 17.2Germany 15.0 Germany 14.9France 8.5 Russia 6.8EU25 73.1 EU25 65.1

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 23.5 Change in reserves 6.6Visible imports fob -30.2 Level of reservesTrade balance -6.7 end Dec. 16.1Invisibles inflows 4.0 No. months of import cover 5.3Invisibles outflows -6.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.4Net transfers 3.1 Foreign debt 30.0Current account balance -5.6 – as % of GDP 52

– as % of GDP -7.6 – as % of total exports 138Capital balance 10.3 Debt service ratio 22Overall balance 6.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 6.1 Education spending, % of GDP 3.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.9 Enrolment, %: primary 99Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.6 secondary 85Improved-water source access, tertiary 35

% of pop. 57

SocietyNo. of households 7.6m Colour TVs per 100 households 52.7Av. no. per household 3.0 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 20.3Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.3 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.1 per 100 pop. 47.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 11.3

New York = 100 65 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 20.0

ROMANIA 201

202 COUNTRY PROFILES

RUSSIAArea 17,075,400 sq km Capital MoscowArable as % of total land 7 Currency Rouble (Rb)

PeoplePopulation 142.4m Life expectancy: men 58.7 yrsPop. per sq km 8.3 women 71.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.4%

in pop. 2000–05 -0.46% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 15.3% Urban population 73.3%Pop. over 60 17.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 87 Crude birth rate 8.6Human Development Index 79.5 Crude death rate 16.0

The economyGDP Rb16,752bn GDP per head $4,080GDP $581bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 25.0

GDP 1994–2004 2.8% Economic freedom index 3.50

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 5.0 Private consumption 48.8Industry, of which: 36.0 Public consumption 16.5

manufacturing … Investment 21.1Services 58.9 Exports 35.0

Imports -22.3

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 10 Unemployed 2004 7.8Industry 31 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 10.6Services 59

Energym TOE

Total output 1,106.9 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 639.7 of energy use -73Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,424

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 12.7% Narrow money (M1) 40.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 14.8% Broad money 39.8%Money market rate, 2005 2.68%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Rb per $ 28.78 Effective rates 2000 = 100Rb per SDR 41.14 – nominal 96.55Rb per 7 33.86 – real 151.94

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobFuels 100.0 Machinery & equipment 20.9Metals 28.9 Food & drink 9.3Machinery & equipment 12.5 Chemicals 8.3Chemicals 11.0 Metals 3.7Total incl. others 183.2 Total incl. others 75.6

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 7.9 Germany 13.0China 6.1 China 5.8Netherlands 6.1 Ukraine 5.8United States 5.7 Italy 5.1

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 183.5 Change in reserves 47.8Visible imports fob -96.3 Level of reservesTrade balance 87.1 end Dec. 126.3Invisibles inflows 30.7 No. months of import cover 9.9Invisibles outflows -57.1 Official gold holdings, m oz 12.4Net transfers 0.8 Foreign debt 197.3Current account balance 59.9 – as % of GDP 45

– as % of GDP 10.3 – as % of total exports 117Capital balance -4.9 Debt service ratio 13Overall balance 46.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.6 Education spending, % of GDP 3.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 4.3 Enrolment, %: primary 118Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 10.5 secondary 95Improved-water source access, tertiary 69

% of pop. 96

SocietyNo. of households 52.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 75.2Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 27.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.6 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.0 per 100 pop. 51.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 13.2

New York = 100 98 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 11.4

RUSSIA 203

a Production based.

204 COUNTRY PROFILES

SAUDI ARABIAArea 2,200,000 sq km Capital RiyadhArable as % of total land 2 Currency Riyal (SR)

PeoplePopulation 24.9m Life expectancy: men 71.1 yrsPop. per sq km 11.3 women 75.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 79.4%

in pop. 2000–05 2.69% Fertility rate (per woman) 4.1Pop. under 15 37.3% Urban population 88.5%Pop. over 60 4.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 117 Crude birth rate 31.5Human Development Index 77.2 Crude death rate 3.7

The economyGDP SR940bn GDP per head $10,060GDP $251bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 34.8

GDP 1994–2004 2.6% Economic freedom index 2.84

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4.0 Private consumption 30.1Industry, of which: 49.2 Public consumption 23.2

manufacturing 5.5 Investment 19.0Services 46.8 Exports 52.7

Imports -24.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 5 Unemployed 2002 5.2Industry 21 Av. ann. rate 1995–2002 4.4Services 74

Energym TOE

Total output 533.7 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 130.8 of energy use -308Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 5,607

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 0.7% Narrow money (M1) 11.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 0.1% Broad money 10.0%Deposit rate, 2005 3.75%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

SR per $ 3.75 Effective rates 2000 = 100SR per SDR 5.35 – nominal 93.3SRE per 7 4.41 – real 84.4

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil & refined Machinery & transport

petroleum 77.8 equipment 15.9Oil products 15.6 Foodstuffs 6.0Total incl. others 126.0 Total incl. others 38.8

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 18.5 United States 9.3Japan 15.2 Germany 7.6South Korea 10.1 Japan 7.2China 5.7 United Kingdom 6.1

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 126.1 Overall balance 4.5Visible imports fob -40.8 Change in reserves 4.8Trade balance 85.2 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 9.7 end Dec. 29.3Invisibles outflows -29.8 No. months of import cover 5.0Net transfers -13.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 4.6Current account balance 51.5 Aid given 1.73

– as % of GDP 20.5 – as % of GDP 0.69Capital balance -47.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.0 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.4 Enrolment, %: primary 67Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.2 secondary 67Improved-water source access, tertiary 25

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 4.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.9Av. no. per household 5.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 14.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. 2.9 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 36.8Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 34.0

New York = 100 68 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 2.5

SAUDI ARABIA 205

206 COUNTRY PROFILES

SINGAPOREArea 639 sq km Capital SingaporeArable as % of total land 1 Currency Singapore dollar (S$)

PeoplePopulation 4.3m Life expectancy: men 77.6 yrsPop. per sq km 6,729.3 women 81.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 92.5%

in pop. 2000–05 1.48% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.4Pop. under 15 19.5% Urban population 100.0%Pop. over 60 12.2% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 10.2Human Development Index 90.7 Crude death rate 5.5

The economyGDP S$181bn GDP per head $24,840GDP $107bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 70.8

GDP 1994–2004 5.1% Economic freedom index 1.56

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 0 Private consumption 42.2Industry, of which: 32.9 Public consumption 10.6

manufacturing 27.1 Investment 18.3Services 67.1 Exports 223.2

Imports -193.5

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 0 Unemployed 2003 5.4Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 3.8Services 76

Energym TOE

Total output 0.1 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 22.4 of energy use 99Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 5,359

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 0.5% Narrow money (M1) 7.4%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 0.6% Broad money 3.5%Money market rate, 2005 2.28%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

S$ per $ 1.66 Effective rates 2000 = 100S$ per SDR 2.38 – nominal 100.4S$ per 7 1.95 – real 93.2

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & equipment 109.7 Machinery & equipment 96.2Chemicals 21.0 Petroleum 12.2Mineral fuels 17.0 Manufactured products 11.0Manufactured products 6.7 Chemicals 10.6Food 1.9 Food 3.4Total incl. others 180 Total incl. others 164

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Malaysia 15.2 Malaysia 15.2United States 12.4 United States 12.5Hong Kong 9.8 Japan 11.7China 8.6 China 9.9Japan 6.4 Taiwan 5.7Taiwan 4.6 Thailand 4.1Thailand 4.3 Saudi Arabia 3.4

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 197.3 Change in reserves 16.5Visible imports fob 166.1 Level of reservesTrade balance 31.2 end Dec. 112.2Invisibles inflows 56.6 No. months of import cover 6.0Invisibles outflows -58.8 Official gold holdings, m oz …Net transfers -1.1 Foreign debt 23.6Current account balance 27.9 – as % of GDP 22

– as % of GDP 26.1 – as % of total exports 9Capital balance -13.0 Debt service ratio 2Overall balance 12.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.5 Education spending, % of GDP 3.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.3 Enrolment, %: primary …Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.9 secondary …Improved-water source access, tertiary …

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 1.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.7Av. no. per household 3.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 43.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.3 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.8 per 100 pop. 89.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 62.2

New York = 100 103 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 187.0

SINGAPORE 207

208 COUNTRY PROFILES

SLOVAKIAArea 49,035 sq km Capital BratislavaArable as % of total land 30 Currency Koruna (Kc)

PeoplePopulation 5.4m Life expectancy: men 71.1 yrsPop. per sq km 110.1 women 78.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.6%

in pop. 2000–05 0.00% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.2Pop. under 15 16.7% Urban population 58.0%Pop. over 60 16.2% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 10.2Human Development Index 84.9 Crude death rate 9.8

The economyGDP Kc1,326bn GDP per head $7,610GDP $41.1bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 36.9

GDP 1994–2004 4.3% Economic freedom index 2.35

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.6 Private consumption 56.6Industry, of which: 29.7 Public consumption 19.4

manufacturing 19.0 Investment 24.7Services 66.7 Exports 76.8

Imports -79.5

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 6 Unemployed 2004 18.1Industry 38 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 15.7Services 56

Energym TOE

Total output 6.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 18.5 of energy use 65Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,443

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.7% Narrow money 21.5Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.9% Broad money 9.5%Money market rate, 2005 3.02% Household saving rate, 2003 6.6%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Kc per $ 31.95 Effective rates 2000 = 100Kc per SDR 45.66 – nominal 113.94Kc per 7 37.59 – real 134.86

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobMachinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 12.7 equipment 11.6Semi-manufactures 6.5 Semi-manufactures 5.5Other manufactured goods 3.1 Fuels 3.7Chemicals 1.5 Chemicals 2.9Fuels 1.4Total incl. others 27.6 Total incl. others 29.2

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 28.7 United States 23.6Czech Republic 13.3 United Kingdom 13.1Austria 7.8 Austria 9.3Italy 6.4 Denmark 5.6EU25 85.2 EU25 73.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 27.6 Change in reserves 2.8Visible imports fob -29.2 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.5 end Dec. 14.9Invisibles inflows 4.7 No. months of import cover 5.3Invisibles outflows -4.8 Official gold holdings, m oz 1.1Net transfers 0.2 Foreign debt 22.1Current account balance -1.5 – as % of GDP 68

– as % of GDP -3.5 – as % of total exports 87Capital balance 3.3 Debt service ratio 20Overall balance 1.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.9 Education spending, % of GDP 4.4Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.2 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.2 secondary 92Improved-water source access, tertiary 34

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 2.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 84.0Av. no. per household 2.5 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 23.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.8 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.7 per 100 pop. 79.4Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 29.6

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 59.8

SLOVAKIA 209

210 COUNTRY PROFILES

SLOVENIAArea 20,253 sq km Capital LjubljanaArable as % of total land 9 Currency Tolars (SIT)

PeoplePopulation 2.0m Life expectancy: men 73.5 yrsPop. per sq km 98.8 women 80.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.7%

in pop. 2000–05 0.00% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.2Pop. under 15 13.9% Urban population 50.8%Pop. over 60 20.5% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 95 Crude birth rate 8.3Human Development Index 90.4 Crude death rate 10.4

The economyGDP SIT6,191bn GDP per head $16,090GDP $32.2bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 52.8

GDP 1994–2004 3.8% Economic freedom index 2.41

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2.7 Private consumption 54.0Industry, of which: 38.2 Public consumption 19.8

manufacturing 29.0 Investment 26.8Services 59.1 Exports 59.9

Imports -60.5

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 8 Unemployed 2004 6.1Industry 38 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 6.9Services 54

Energym TOE

Total output 3.3 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 7.0 of energy use 53Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,518

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.5% Narrow money (M1) 22.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.5% Broad money 14.6%Money market rate, 2005 3.73%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

SIT per $ 202.4 Effective rates 2000 = 100SIT per SDR 289.3 – nominal …SIT per 7 238.2 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobManufactures 6.6 Machinery & transportMachinery & transport equipment 5.8

equipment 5.9 Manufactures 5.7Chemicals 2.1 Chemicals 2.2Food & live animals 0.3 Mineral fuels 1.4Total incl. others 15.6 Total incl. others 17.2

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 21.2 Germany 19.9Italy 12.9 Italy 18.6Croatia 9.2 Austria 12.9Austria 7.4 France 8.1France 6.4 Croatia 3.7EU25 67.3 EU25 82.6

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 16.1 Change in reserves 0.3Visible imports fob -17.3 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.3 end Dec. 8.9Invisibles inflows 4.2 No. months of import cover 5.1Invisibles outflows -3.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.2Net transfers 0.0 Foreign debt 14.8Current account balance -0.7 – as % of GDP 46

– as % of GDP -2.1 – as % of total exports 73Capital balance 0.5 Debt service ratio 15Overall balance -0.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.8 Education spending, % of GDP 6.1Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.2 Enrolment, %: primary 108Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 5.0 secondary 109Improved-water source access, tertiary 68

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 0.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 92.6Av. no. per household 2.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 40.7Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.0 per 100 pop. 100.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 35.5

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 30.7

SLOVENIA 211

212 COUNTRY PROFILES

SOUTH AFRICAArea 1,225,815 sq km Capital PretoriaArable as % of total land 12 Currency Rand (R)

PeoplePopulation 45.2m Life expectancy: men 44.2 yrsPop. per sq km 36.9 women 43.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 82.4%

in pop. 2000–05 0.78% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.8Pop. under 15 32.6% Urban population 57.9%Pop. over 60 6.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 22.6Human Development Index 65.8 Crude death rate 20.6

The economyGDP R1,375bn GDP per head $4,710GDP $213bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 28.2

GDP 1994–2004 3.0% Economic freedom index 2.74

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.6 Private consumption 63.3Industry, of which: 31.9 Public consumption 19.6

manufacturing 20.0 Investment 18.9Services 64.5 Exports 26.6

Imports -28.4

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 10 Unemployed 2004 27.1Industry 25 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 24.1Services 65

Energym TOE

Total output 154.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 118.6 of energy use -30Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,587

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 4.0% Narrow money (M1) 10.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 5.1% Broad money 14.5%Money market rate, 2005 6.62%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

R per $ 6.33 Effective rates 2000 = 100R per SDR 9.04 – nominal 111.9R per 7 7.45 – real 113.8

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Manufactures 26.7 Manufactures 39.4Ores & metals 10.1 Fuels 8.0Food 4.1 Food 2.9Fuels 4.1Total incl. others 46.0 Total incl. others 57.1

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 10.1 Germany 13.5United Kingdom 9.1 United States 8.0Japan 8.8 United Kingdom 7.2Germany 7.0 Japan 6.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 48.4 Change in reserves 6.7Visible imports fob -48.5 Level of reservesTrade balance -0.1 end Dec. 14.9Invisibles inflows 11.5 No. months of import cover 2.7Invisibles outflows -16.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 4.0Net transfers -1.5 Foreign debt 28.5Current account balance -7.0 – as % of GDP 18

– as % of GDP -3.2 – as % of total exports 58Capital balance 10.4 Debt service ratio 8Overall balance 8.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.4 Education spending, % of GDP 5.3Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.8 Enrolment, %: primary 106Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 89Improved-water source access, tertiary 15

% of pop. 87

SocietyNo. of households 12.2m Colour TVs per 100 households 65.6Av. no. per household 3.9 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 10.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.4 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.0 per 100 pop. 43.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 8.3

New York = 100 74 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 11.0

SOUTH AFRICA 213

214 COUNTRY PROFILES

SOUTH KOREAArea 99,274 sq km Capital SeoulArable as % of total land 17 Currency Won (W)

PeoplePopulation 48.0m Life expectancy: men 74.5 yrsPop. per sq km 483.5 women 81.9 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 97.9%

in pop. 2000–05 0.4% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.2Pop. under 15 18.6% Urban population 80.8%Pop. over 60 13.7% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 11.9Human Development Index 90.1 Crude death rate 6.0

The economyGDP W778trn GDP per head $14,160GDP $680bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 51.7

GDP 1994–2004 4.9% Economic freedom index 2.63

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4 Private consumption 53.2Industry, of which: 41 Public consumption 12.5

manufacturing 29 Investment 30.7Services 56 Exports 51.6

Imports -48.1

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 8 Unemployed 2004 3.7Industry 28 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 3.8Services 64

Energym TOE

Total output 36.9 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 205.3 of energy use 82Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 4,291

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.7% Narrow money (M1) 9.0%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.3% Broad money 10.8%Money market rate, 2005 3.33% Household saving rate, 2004 5.1%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

W per $ 1,012 Effective rates 2000 = 100W per SDR 1,446 – nominal …W per 7 1,190 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifElectronic products 87.8 Electrical machinery 50.0Motor vehicles 24.6 Crude petroleum 29.9Machinery 22.6 Machinery & equipment 28.2Chemicals 20.5 Semiconductors 23.6Metal goods 18.6 Consumer durables 11.6Total incl. others 253.8 Total incl. others 224.5

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

China 19.6 Japan 20.6United States 16.9 China 13.2Japan 8.5 United States 12.8Hong Kong 7.1 Saudi Arabia 5.3Taiwan 3.9 Germany 3.8

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 257.7 Change in reserves 43.7Visible imports fob -219.6 Level of reservesTrade balance 38.2 end Dec. 199.2Invisibles inflows 51.1 No. months of import cover 8.6Invisibles outflows -58.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.5Net transfers -2.5 Foreign debt 144.8Current account balance 27.6 – as % of GDP 21

– as % of GDP 4.1 – as % of total exports 47Capital balance 8.3 Debt service ratio 6Overall balance 38.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.6 Education spending, % of GDP 4.9Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.6 Enrolment, %: primary 106Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 7.1 secondary 91Improved-water source access, tertiary 85

% of pop. 92

SocietyNo. of households 17.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 93.6Av. no. per household 2.8 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 55.3Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.3 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.5 per 100 pop. 76.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 54.5

New York = 100 110 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 5.2

SOUTH KOREA 215

216 COUNTRY PROFILES

SPAINArea 504,782 sq km Capital MadridArable as % of total land 28 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 41.1m Life expectancy: men 76.5 yrsPop. per sq km 81.4 women 83.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 97.9%

in pop. 2000–05 1.12% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.3Pop. under 15 14.3% Urban population 76.7%Pop. over 60 21.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 9.3Human Development Index 92.8 Crude death rate 9.1

The economyGDP 7838bn GDP per head $25,300GDP $1,040bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 63.1

GDP 1994–2004 3.4% Economic freedom index 2.33

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 3.5 Private consumption 57.7Industry, of which: 30.1 Public consumption 17.8

manufacturing … Investment 28.3Services 66.4 Exports 25.9

Imports -29.7

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 5 Unemployed 2004 11.0Industry 31 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 16.2Services 64

Energym TOE

Total output 33.0 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 136.1 of energy use 76Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,240

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.4% Euro area:Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.2% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Money market rate, 2005 2.09% Broad money 6.9%

Household saving rate, 2004 7.2%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 104.9

– real 115.1

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Raw materials & Raw materials & intermediate

intermediate products 80.5 products (excl. fuels) 113.4Consumer goods 71.6 Consumer goods 73.7Capital goods 23.4 Capital goods 42.0Total incl. others 182.2 Total incl. others 257.8

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

France 19.4 Germany 16.1Germany 11.7 France 15.2Italy 9.0 Italy 9.1United Kingdom 9.0 United Kingdom 6.1United States 4.0 United States 3.6EU25 73.4 EU25 67.7

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 184.3 Overall balance -6.4Visible imports fob -248.8 Change in reserves -7.1Trade balance -64.5 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 114.2 end Dec. 19.8Invisibles outflows -98.9 No. months of import cover 0.7Net transfers 0.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 16.8Current account balance -49.2 Aid given 2.44

– as % of GDP -4.7 – as % of GDP 0.24Capital balance 50.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.7 Education spending, % of GDP 4.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.3 Enrolment, %: primary 108Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.8 secondary 117Improved-water source access, tertiary 62

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 15.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.5Av. no. per household 2.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 41.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.8 per 100 pop. 86.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 25.4

New York = 100 95 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 59.8

SPAIN 217

218 COUNTRY PROFILES

SWEDENArea 449,964 sq km Capital StockholmArable as % of total land 7 Currency Swedish krona (Skr)

PeoplePopulation 8.9m Life expectancy: men 78.6 yrsPop. per sq km 19.8 women 83.0 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.37% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.6Pop. under 15 17.5% Urban population 83.4%Pop. over 60 23.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 10.3Human Development Index 94.9 Crude death rate 10.1

The economyGDP Skr2,546bn GDP per head $38,920GDP $346bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 74.5

GDP 1994–2004 2.8% Economic freedom index 1.96

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.9 Private consumption 47.8Industry, of which: 27.9 Public consumption 26.9

manufacturing 21.0 Investment 17.7Services 70.2 Exports 48.5

Imports -40.9

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 2 Unemployed 2004 5.5Industry 23 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 5.9Services 75

Energym TOE

Total output 31.7 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 51.5 of energy use 39Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 5,754

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 2001–04

inflation 2005 0.5% Narrow money 9.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 1.5% Broad money 3.4%Repurchase rate, end-2005 1.50% Household saving rate, 2004 8.6%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Skr per $ 7.96 Effective rates 2000 = 100Skr per SDR 11.37 – nominal 95.6Skr per 7 9.36 – real 91.4

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Machinery & transport Machinery & transport

equipment 63.0 equipment 45.5Wood & paper products 15.0 Miscellaneous manufactures 19.6Chemicals 14.8 Chemicals 12.1Manufactured goods 13.5 Mineral fuels 9.6Total incl. others 123 Total incl. others 101

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 10.7 Germany 18.9Germany 10.2 Denmark 9.2Norway 8.5 United Kingdom 7.7United Kingdom 7.9 Norway 7.6Denmark 6.6 Netherlands 6.8EU25 58.8 EU25 73.1

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 125.2 Overall balance -1.1Visible imports fob -101.8 Change in reserves 2.6Trade balance 23.4 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 67.5 end Dec. 24.7Invisibles outflows -58.6 No. months of import cover 1.9Net transfers -4.8 Official gold holdings, m oz 6.0Current account balance 27.5 Aid given 2.72

– as % of GDP 7.9 – as % of GDP 0.78Capital balance -34.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.4 Education spending, % of GDP 7.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.3 Enrolment, %: primary 111Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.6 secondary 139Improved-water source access, tertiary 83

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 4.2m Colour TVs per 100 households 97.1Av. no. per household 2.1 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 71.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.1 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.1 per 100 pop. 108.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 76.1

New York = 100 105 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 316.5

SWEDEN 219

220 COUNTRY PROFILES

SWITZERLANDArea 41,293 sq km Capital BerneArable as % of total land 10 Currency Swiss franc (SFr)

PeoplePopulation 7.2m Life expectancy: men 78.2 yrsPop. per sq km 174.4 women 83.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.24% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.4Pop. under 15 16.5% Urban population 67.5%Pop. over 60 21.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 94 Crude birth rate 8.7Human Development Index 94.7 Crude death rate 8.8

The economyGDP SFr445bn GDP per head $49,660GDP $358bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 83.3

GDP 1994–2004 1.4% Economic freedom index 1.89

Origins of GDPa Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1 Private consumption 60.5Industry, of which: 29 Public consumption 11.9

manufacturing 20 Investment 20.1Services 70 Exports 46.2

Imports -38.8

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 4 Unemployed 2004 4.3Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 3.4Services 72

Energym TOE

Total output 12.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 27.1 of energy use 56Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,689

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 1.2% Narrow money (M1) 6.5%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 0.8% Broad money 0.3%Money market rate, 2005 0.63% Household saving rate, 2004 8.9%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

SFr per $ 1.31 Effective rates 2000 = 100SFr per SDR 1.88 – nominal 107.5SFr per 7 1.54 – real 115.1

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn $bn Chemicals 39.9 Chemicals 23.8Machinery 27.0 Machinery 22.0Watches & jewellery 9.0 Motor vehicles 10.9Metals & metal manufactures 8.9 Textiles 7.0Precision instruments 8.1 Precision instruments 6.6Total incl. others 114 Total incl. others 107

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 20.6 Germany 33.9United States 10.1 Italy 11.7France 8.6 France 10.1Italy 8.5 Netherlands 5.2United Kingdom 4.8 Austria 4.4Spain 4.1 United States 4.3EU25 59.5 EU25 81.1

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 138.2 Overall balance 1.6Visible imports fob -122.5 Change in reserves 5.0Trade balance 15.7 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 114.9 end Dec. 74.6Invisibles outflows -64.4 No. months of import cover 4.8Net transfers -6.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 43.5Current account balance 60.2 Aid given 1.55

– as % of GDP 16.9 – as % of GDP 0.41Capital balance -67.8

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 11.5 Education spending, % of GDP 5.8Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.6 Enrolment, %: primary 108Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.0 secondary 98Improved-water source access, tertiary 49

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 3.3m Colour TVs per 100 households 96.9Av. no. per household 2.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 71.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 2.8 per 100 pop. 84.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 82.3

New York = 100 116 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 295.2

SWITZERLAND 221

a Latest available.

222 COUNTRY PROFILES

TAIWANArea 36,179 sq km Capital TaipeiArable as % of total land 25 Currency Taiwan dollar (T$)

PeoplePopulation 22.7m Life expectancy:a men 74.5 yrsPop. per sq km 627.4 women 80.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 96.1

in pop. 2000–05 0.60% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.6Pop. under 15 21.0% Urban population …Pop. over 60 12.1% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 104 Crude birth rate 13Human Development Index … Crude death ratea 6.4

The economyGDP T$10,206bn GDP per head $13,450GDP $305bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 68.3

GDP 1994–2004 4.5% Economic freedom index 2.38

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.7 Private consumption 63.0Industry, of which: 29.5 Public consumption 12.5

manufacturing 25.5 Investment 20.7Services 68.7 Exports 65.8

Imports -62.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 8 Unemployed 2004 4.4Industry 36 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 3.3Services 56

Energym TOE

Total output … Net energy imports as % Total consumption … of energy use …Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent …

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.3% Narrow money (M1) 10.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 0.7% Broad money 5.3%Money market rate, 2005 1.45%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

T$ per $ 32.95 Effective rates 2000 = 100T$ per SDR 47.78 – nominal …T$ per 7 38.76 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & electrical Machinery & electrical

equipment 87.9 equipment 66.2Base metals & manufactures 18.3 Minerals 23.0Plastics and rubber products 12.5 Metals 18.4Textiles & clothing 12.5 Chemicals 17.6Vehicles, aircraft & ships 6.5 Precision instruments, clocks

& watches 12.5Total incl. others 174.0 Total incl. others 167.9

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

China 19.6 Japan 26.0Hong Kong 17.1 United States 12.9United States 16.2 China 9.9Japan 7.6 South Korea 6.9

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 173.2 Change in reserves 35.1Visible imports fob -157.0 Level of reservesTrade balance 16.1 end Dec. 242.5Invisibles inflows 41.1 No. months of import cover 15.2Invisibles outflows -34.7 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers -3.8 Foreign debt 81.9Current account balance 18.7 – as % of GDP 25

– as % of GDP 6.1 – as % of total exports 38Capital balance 6.8 Debt service ratio 3Overall balance 26.6

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP … Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. … Enrolment, %: primary …Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary …Improved-water source access, tertiary …

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 7.0m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.4Av. no. per household 3.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 59.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. 7.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.9 per 100 pop. 100.3Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 52.8

New York = 100 88 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 173.7

TAIWAN 223

a 2002 estimate.

224 COUNTRY PROFILES

THAILANDArea 513,115 sq km Capital BangkokArable as % of total land 28 Currency Baht (Bt)

PeoplePopulation 63.5m Life expectancy: men 68.5 yrsPop. per sq km 123.8 women 75.0 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 92.6%

in pop. 2000–05 0.89% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.9Pop. under 15 23.8% Urban population 32.5%Pop. over 60 10.5% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 17.3Human Development Index 77.8 Crude death rate 7.2

The economyGDP Bt6,504bn GDP per head $2,550GDP $162bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 20.4

GDP 1994–2004 3.2% Economic freedom index 2.99

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 9.9 Private consumption 55.7Industry, of which: 44.1 Public consumption 10.9

manufacturing 35.2 Investment 27.1Services 46.0 Exports 70.0

Imports -65.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 45 Unemployed 2004 1.5Industry 20 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 1.9Services 35

Energym TOE

Total output 48.3 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 88.8 of energy use 46Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,406

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 4.5% Narrow money (M1) 5.1%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.3% Broad money 3.8%Money market rate, 2005 2.62%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Bt per $ 41.03 Effective rates 2000 = 100Bt per SDR 58.64 – nominal …Bt per 7 48.27 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMachinery & mech. appliances 13.0 Capital goods 40.8Integrated circuits 12.7 Raw materials & intermediates 26.5Computer parts 9.0 Petroleum & products 10.2Electrical appliances 8.5 Consumer goods 8.9Total incl. others 96.2 Total incl. others 94.4

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 15.9 Japan 23.6Japan 13.9 China 8.6Singapore 7.2 United States 7.6China 7.1 Malaysia 5.8Hong Kong 5.1 Singapore 4.4

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 96.1 Change in reserves 7.7Visible imports fob -85.0 Level of reservesTrade balance 11.1 end Dec. 49.8Invisibles inflows 22.2 No. months of import cover 5.3Invisibles outflows -28.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 2.7Net transfers 2.1 Foreign debt 51.3Current account balance 7.1 – as % of GDP 36

– as % of GDP 4.4 – as % of total exports 52Capital balance 0.7 Debt service ratio 12Overall balance 5.7

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.3 Education spending, % of GDP 4.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.4 Enrolment, %: primary 97Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 77Improved-water source access, tertiary 39

% of pop. 85

SocietyNo. of households 16.9m Colour TVs per 100 households 83.9Av. no. per household 3.6 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 11.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.0 per 100 pop. 44.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 6.0

New York = 100 61 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 12.4

THAILAND 225

226 COUNTRY PROFILES

TURKEYArea 779,452 sq km Capital AnkaraArable as % of total land 30 Currency Turkish Lira (YTL)a

PeoplePopulation 72.3m Life expectancy: men 67.5 yrsPop. per sq km 92.8 women 72.1 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 97.7%

in pop. 2000–05 1.40% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.5Pop. under 15 29.2% Urban population 67.3%Pop. over 60 8.0% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 102 Crude birth rate 20.9Human Development Index 75.0 Crude death rate 6.6

The economyGDP YTL431bn GDP per head $4,190GDP $303bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 19.5

GDP 1994–2004 4.1% Economic freedom index 3.11

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 11.3 Private consumption 66.6Industry, of which: 28.6 Public consumption 13.3

manufacturing … Investment 26.0Services 60.1 Exports 29.1

Imports -35.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 34 Unemployed 2004 10.3Industry 23 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 8.2Services 43

Energym TOE

Total output 23.6 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 79.0 of energy use 70Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,117

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 8.2% Narrow money (M1) 41.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 26.9% Broad money 36.4%Money market rate, 2005 14.73%

Exchange ratesa

end 2005 December 2005YTL per $ 1.35 Effective rates 2000 = 100YTL per SDR 1.92 – nominal …YTL per 7 1.59 – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cif Textiles 17.8 Chemicals & products 15.1Motor vehicles & parts 8.8 Motor vehicles & parts 11.7Metals 6.8 Metals 11.1Machinery & equipment 3.9 Machinery & equipment 10.4Total incl. others 63.2 Total incl. others 97.5

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Germany 13.9 Germany 12.9United Kingdom 8.8 Russia 9.3United States 7.7 Italy 7.1Italy 7.3 France 6.4France 5.8 United States 4.8EU25 54.6 EU25 46.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 67.0 Change in reserves 1.8Visible imports fob -90.9 Level of reservesTrade balance -23.9 end Dec. 37.3Invisibles inflows 26.7 No. months of import cover 4.1Invisibles outflows -19.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 3.7Net transfers 1.1 Foreign debt 161.6Current account balance -15.5 – as % of GDP 67

– as % of GDP -5.1 – as % of total exports 213Capital balance 17.0 Debt service ratio 45Overall balance 4.3

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.6 Education spending, % of GDP 3.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.3 Enrolment, %: primary 91Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.6 secondary 79Improved-water source access, tertiary 28

% of pop. 93

SocietyNo. of households 15.1m Colour TVs per 100 households 68.0Av. no. per household 4.7 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 26.5Marriages per 1,000 pop. 8.5 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.6 per 100 pop. 48.0Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 5.1

New York = 100 88 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 11.0

TURKEY 227

a On January 1 2005 the currency dropped six noughts; L1,000,000 = YTL 1.

228 COUNTRY PROFILES

UKRAINEArea 603,700 sq km Capital KievArable as % of total land 56 Currency Hryvnya (UAH)

PeoplePopulation 48.2m Life expectancy: men 60.7 yrsPop. per sq km 79.8 women 72.5 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.4%

in pop. 2000–05 -1.10% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.1Pop. under 15 14.9% Urban population 67.3%Pop. over 60 20.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 85 Crude birth rate 8.4Human Development Index 76.6 Crude death rate 16.9

The economyGDP UAH345bn GDP per head $1,340GDP $64.8bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 16.1

GDP 1994–2004 1.1% Economic freedom index 3.24

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 12 Private consumption 66.5Industry, of which: 37 Public consumption 6.9

manufacturing 23 Investment 18.8Services 51 Exports 60.9

Imports -53.8

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 19 Unemployed 2004 8.6Industry 30 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 9.6Services 51

Energym TOE

Total output 75.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 132.6 of energy use 43Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,772

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 13.5% Narrow money (M1) 36.9%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 8.0% Broad money 41.8%Money market rate, 2005 4.16%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

UAH per $ 5.05 Effective rates 2000 = 100UAH per SDR 7.22 – nominal 103.17UAH per 7 5.94 – real 112.35

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMetals 13.0 Fuels, mineral products 10.7Machinery & equipment 5.5 Machinery & equipment 7.8Fuels & mineral products 4.1 Chemicals 2.3Food & agricultural produce 3.5 Food & agricultural produce 1.9Chemicals 2.8Total incl. others 32.7 Total incl. others 29.0

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Russia 18.0 Russia 39.8Germany 5.8 Germany 9.2Turkey 5.7 Turkmenistan 6.6Italy 5.0 Italy 2.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 33.4 Change in reserves 2.6Visible imports fob -29.7 Level of reservesTrade balance 3.7 end Dec. 9.5Invisibles inflows 6.7 No. months of import cover 3.2Invisibles outflows -6.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.5Net transfers 2.6 Foreign debt 21.7Current account balance 6.8 – as % of GDP 42

– as % of GDP 10.5 – as % of total exports 70Capital balance -4.2 Debt service ratio 14Overall balance 2.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.7 Education spending, % of GDP 5.4Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.0 Enrolment, %: primary 93Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 8.8 secondary 97Improved-water source access, tertiary 62

% of pop. 98

SocietyNo. of households 19.8m Colour TVs per 100 households 76.9Av. no. per household 2.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 25.2Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.7 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.4 per 100 pop. 28.5Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 2.8

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 4.0

UKRAINE 229

230 COUNTRY PROFILES

UNITED ARAB EMIRATESArea 83,600 sq km Capital Abu DhabiArable as % of total land 1 Currency Dirham (AED)

PeoplePopulation 3.1m Life expectancy: men 77.4 yrsPop. per sq km 37.1 women 82.2 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 77.3%

in pop. 2000–05 6.51% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.5Pop. under 15 22.0% Urban population 85.5%Pop. over 60 1.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 214 Crude birth rate 16.7Human Development Index 84.9 Crude death rate 1.3

The economyGDP AED383bn GDP per head $33,610GDP $104bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 60.6

GDP 1994–2004 6.6% Economic freedom index 2.93

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 3 Private consumption 49.5Industry, of which: 55 Public consumption 21.5

manufacturing 13 Investment 15.0Services 42 Exports 86.0

Imports -72.1

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 8 Unemployed 2001 2.3Industry 33 Av. ann. rate 1995–2001 2.1Services 59

Energym TOE

Total output 159.2 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 39.2 of energy use -306Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 9,707

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 6.0% Narrow money (M1) 21.7%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.8% Broad money 17.7%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

AED per $ … Effective rates 2000 = 100AED per SDR … – nominal 93.6AED per 7 … – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal importsa

$bn fob $bn cifRe-exports 33.9 Machinery & electrical equip. 9.2Crude oil 29.6 Precious stones & metals 5.8Gas 4.7 Transport equipment 5.8Total incl. others 90.6 Total incl. others 52.1

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Japan 25.7 China 10.3South Korea 10.7 India 8.9Thailand 5.4 Japan 6.8Iran 3.9 Germany 6.3

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 82.7 Change in reserves 3.4Visible imports fob -54.2 Level of reservesTrade balance 28.5 end Dec. 18.5Invisibles inflows 6.7 No. months of import cover 2.7Invisibles outflows -17.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers -5.1 Foreign debt 30.1Current account balance 12.7 – as % of GDP 30

– as % of GDP 9.7 – as % of total exports 33Capital balanceb -9.5 Debt service ratio 2Overall balanceb 0.5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 3.3 Education spending, % of GDP 1.6Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.9 Enrolment, %: primary 97Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.2 secondary 79Improved-water source access, tertiary 35

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 0.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 97.0Av. no. per household 6.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 27.3Marriages per 1,000 pop. 3.1 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.1 per 100 pop. 84.7Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 12.0

New York = 100 71 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 42.1

UAE 231

a 2003b 1999

232 COUNTRY PROFILES

UNITED KINGDOMArea 242,534 sq km Capital LondonArable as % of total land 23 Currency Pound (£)

PeoplePopulation 59.4m Life expectancy: men 76.7 yrsPop. per sq km 244.9 women 81.2 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.34% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.7Pop. under 15 17.9% Urban population 89.2%Pop. over 60 21.2% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 11.0Human Development Index 93.9 Crude death rate 10.2

The economyGDP £1,160bn GDP per head $35,760GDP $2,124bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 77.7

GDP 1994–2004 2.8% Economic freedom index 1.74

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 0.9 Private consumption 65.1Industry, of which: 26.0 Public consumption 21.3

manufacturing 15.0 Investment 17.0Services 73.1 Exports 24.7

Imports -28.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 1 Unemployed 2004 4.6Industry 24 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 6.1Services 75

Energym TOE

Total output 246.1 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 232.0 of energy use -6Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,893

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.8% Narrow money (M0) 6.3%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.4% Broad money (M4) 9.0%Money market rate, 2005 4.70% Household saving rate, 2004 4.4%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

£ per $ 0.58 Effective rates 2000 = 100£ per SDR 0.83 – nominal 96.5£ per 7 0.68 – real 97.0

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fob Finished manufactured Finished manufactured

products 184.8 products 259.2Semi-manufactured products 103.4 Semi-manufactured products 109.9Fuels 33.2 Food, drink & tobacco 40.2Food, drink & tobacco 19.4 Fuels 30.5Basic materials 6.9 Basic materials 11.7Total incl. others 350 Total incl. others 460

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 15.0 Germany 14.0Germany 11.6 United States 8.8France 9.8 France 8.0Ireland 7.0 Netherlands 7.2Netherlands 6.3 Belgium-Luxembourg 5.6EU25 58.1 EU25 55.0

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 349.6 Overall balance 0.4Visible imports fob -456.9 Change in reserves 3.7Trade balance -107.3 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 437.3 end Dec. 49.7Invisibles outflows -352.3 No. months of import cover 0.7Net transfers -19.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 10.0Current account balance -41.9 Aid given 7.88

– as % of GDP -2.0 – as % of GDP 0.36Capital balance 25.9

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 8.0 Education spending, % of GDP 5.3Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.2 Enrolment, %: primary 100Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 4.2 secondary 170Improved-water source access, tertiary 64

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 25.3m Colour TVs per 100 households 98.2Av. no. per household 2.4 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 56.4Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 3.0 per 100 pop. 102.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 60.0

New York = 100 125 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 97.3

UNITED KINGDOM 233

234 COUNTRY PROFILES

UNITED STATESArea 9,372,610 sq km Capital Washington DCArable as % of total land 19 Currency US dollar ($)

PeoplePopulation 297.0m Life expectancy: men 75.2 yrsPop. per sq km 31.7 women 80.6 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 99.0%

in pop. 2000–05 0.97% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.0Pop. under 15 20.8% Urban population 80.8%Pop. over 60 16.7% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 97 Crude birth rate 14.5Human Development Index 94.4 Crude death rate 8.4

The economyGDP $11,712bn GDP per head $39,430Av. ann. growth in real GDP per head in purchasing

GDP 1994–2004 3.3% power parity (USA=100) 100Economic freedom index 1.84

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 1.2 Private consumption 70.1Industry, of which: 18.2 Public consumption 18.6

manufacturing 12.1 Non-government investment 16.4Servicesa 80.6 Exports 10.0

Imports -15.2

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 2 Unemployed 2004 5.5Industry 22 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 5.1Services 76

Energym TOE

Total output 1,631.4 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 2,280.8 of energy use 28Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 7,843

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 3.4% Narrow money 5.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.5% Broad money 6.1%Treasury bill rate, 2005 3.17% Household saving rate, 2004 1.8%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

$ per SDR 1.45 Effective rates 2000 = 100$ per 7 1.18 – nominal 85.1

– real 93.0

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobCapital goods, excl. vehicles 331.1 Industrial supplies 412.4Industrial supplies 203.6 Consumergoods,excl.vehicles 373.2Consumer goods, excl. vehicles 102.8 Capital goods, excl. vehicles 343.8Vehicles & products 88.2 Vehicles & products 228.4Food & beverages 56.3 Food & beverages 62.2Total incl. others 819 Total incl. others 1,470

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Canada 23.5 Canada 17.4Mexico 13.7 China 13.3Japan 6.7 Mexico 10.6United Kingdom 4.6 Japan 8.8China 4.3 Germany 5.2EU25 21.4 EU25 19.1

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 811.0 Overall balance -2.8Visible imports fob -1,473.0 Change in reserves 6.4Trade balance -661.9 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 720.0 end Dec. 190.5Invisibles outflows -645.2 No. months of import cover 1.0Net transfers -80.9 Official gold holdings, m oz 261.6Current account balance -668.1 Aid given 19.71

– as % of GDP -5.7 – as % of GDP 0.17Capital balance 580.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 15.2 Education spending, % of GDP 5.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.5 Enrolment, %: primary 98Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 3.3 secondary 106Improved-water source access, tertiary 83

% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households 110.2m Colour TVs per 100 households 99.6Av. no. per household 2.6 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 60.6Marriages per 1,000 pop. 8.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 4.8 per 100 pop. 62.1Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 76.2

New York = 100 100 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop.b 830.8

UNITED STATES 235

a Including utilities.b Includes all hosts ending “.com”, “.net” and “.org” which exaggerates the numbers.

236 COUNTRY PROFILES

VENEZUELAArea 912,050 sq km Capital CaracasArable as % of total land 3 Currency Bolivar (Bs)

PeoplePopulation 26.2m Life expectancy: men 70.9 yrsPop. per sq km 28.7 women 76.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 93.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.82% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.7Pop. under 15 31.2% Urban population 88.1%Pop. over 60 7.6% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 22.8Human Development Index 77.2 Crude death rate 5.0

The economyGDP Bs208trn GDP per head $4,200GDP $110bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 15.2

GDP 1994–2004 1.0% Economic freedom index 4.16

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 5.7 Private consumption 67.8Industry, of which: 47.1 Public consumption 7.5

manufacturing 16.2 Investment 9.2Services 47.2 Exports 30.6

Imports -15.0

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 11 Unemployed 2002 15.8Industry 20 Av. ann. rate 1995–2002 12.8Services 69

Energym TOE

Total output 179.6 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 54.2 of energy use -231Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 2,112

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 16.0% Narrow money 34.2%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 20.6% Broad money 30.6%Money market rate, 2005 2.62%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Bs per $ 2,147 Effective rates 2000 = 100Bs per SDR 3,069 – nominal 31.2Bs per 7 2,526 – real 70.5

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn fobOil 27.9 Non-oil 15.9Non-oil 7.5 Oil 1.4Total incl. others 35.4 Total incl. others 16.7

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 67.6 United States 31.5Netherlands Antilles 5.8 Colombia 6.0Dominican Rep 3.4 Brazil 5.2Canada 2.9 Germany 3.7

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 38.7 Change in reserves 2.6Visible imports fob -17.3 Level of reservesTrade balance 21.4 end Dec. 23.4Invisibles inflows 2.7 No. months of import cover 10.2Invisibles outflows -10.2 Official gold holdings, m oz 11.5Net transfers -0.0 Foreign debt 35.6Current account balance 13.8 – as % of GDP 38

– as % of GDP 12.6 – as % of total exports 106Capital balance -8.7 Debt service ratio 20Overall balance 2.2

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.5 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.8 Enrolment, %: primary 104Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 0.8 secondary 70Improved-water source access, tertiary 40

% of pop. 83

SocietyNo. of households 5.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 95.1Av. no. per household 4.6 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 12.8Marriages per 1,000 pop. 4.2 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.9 per 100 pop. 32.2Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 8.2

New York = 100 58 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 1.8

VENEZUELA 237

238 COUNTRY PROFILES

VIETNAMArea 331,114 sq km Capital HanoiArable as % of total land 21 Currency Dong (D)

PeoplePopulation 82.5m Life expectancy: men 69.9 yrsPop. per sq km 249.2 women 73.9 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 90.3%

in pop. 2000–05 1.37% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.3Pop. under 15 29.5% Urban population 26.7%Pop. over 60 7.5% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 100 Crude birth rate 20.2Human Development Index 70.4 Crude death rate 5.8

The economyGDP D713trn GDP per head $550GDP $45.2bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 6.9

GDP 1994–2004 7.3% Economic freedom index 3.89

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 22 Private consumption 62.7Industry, of which: 40 Public consumption 6.5

manufacturing 20 Investment 37.7Services 38 Exports 69.6

Imports -76.5

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 60 Unemployed 2003 2.3Industry 16 Av. ann. rate 1995–2003 …Services 24

Energym TOE

Total output 54.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 44.3 of energy use -23Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 544

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 8.3% Narrow money (M1) 23.7Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 4.5% Broad money 27.8Treasury bill rate, Oct 2005 6.13%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

D per $ … Effective rates 2000 = 100D per SDR … – nominal …D per 7 … – real …

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifCrude oil 5.9 Machinery & equipment 5.5Textiles & garments 4.5 Textiles 4.2Footwear 2.8 Petroleum products 3.6Fisheries products 2.5 Steel 2.6Total incl. others 26.5 Total incl. others 31.5

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 18.8 China 13.9Japan 13.2 Taiwan 11.6China 10.3 Singapore 11.3Australia 6.9 Japan 11.1Singapore 5.2 South Korea 10.4Germany 4.0 Thailand 5.8United Kingdom 3.8 Malaysia 3.8

Balance of paymentsa, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 16.7 Change in reserves 0.8Visible imports fob -17.8 Level of reservesTrade balance -1.1 end Dec. 7.2Invisibles inflows 3.1 No. months of import covera 2.6Invisibles outflows -4.6 Official gold holdings, m oz 0.0Net transfers 1.9 Foreign debt 17.8Current account balance -0.6 – as % of GDP 45

– as % of GDP -1.3 – as % of total exports 75Capital balance 2.1 Debt service ratio 3Overall balance 0.4

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 5.4 Education spending, % of GDP …Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.5 Enrolment, %: primary 101Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.4 secondary 72Improved-water source access, tertiary 10

% of pop. 80

SocietyNo. of households 24.7m Colour TVs per 100 households 41.0Av. no. per household 3.3 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 12.3Marriages per 1,000 pop. 12.1 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 0.5 per 100 pop. 6.0Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 1.3

New York = 100 67 Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.1

VIETNAM 239

a 2002

240 COUNTRY PROFILES

ZIMBABWEArea 390,759 sq km Capital HarareArable as % of total land 8 Currency Zimbabwe dollar (Z$)

PeoplePopulation 12.9m Life expectancy: men 38.2 yrsPop. per sq km 33.0 women 36.3 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 90%

in pop. 2000–05 0.65% Fertility rate (per woman) 3.6Pop. under 15 40.0% Urban population 35.9%Pop. over 60 5.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 98 Crude birth rate 32.1Human Development Index 50.4 Crude death rate 23.0

The economyGDP Z$23,802bn GDP per head $360GDP $4.7bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 5.2

GDP 1994–2004 -1.9% Economic freedom index 4.23

Origins of GDP Components of GDPa

% of total % of totalAgriculture 18 Private consumption 112.6Industry, of which: 23 Public consumption 2.2

manufacturing 14 Investment -13.0Services 60 Net exports -1.8

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture … Unemployed 1999 6Industry … Av. ann. rate 1995–99 6.5Services …

Energym TOE

Total output 8.5 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 9.7 of energy use 12Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 752

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2002 140.1% Narrow money (M1) 186.6%Av. ann. inflation 2000–02 106.0% Broad money 187.5%Interbank rate, Sep 2005 132.5%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

Z$ per $ 77,965 Effective rates 2000 = 100Z$ per SDR 111,432 – nominal …Z$ per 7 91,724 – real …

Tradeb

Principal exports Principal imports$m fob $m cif

Gold 366 Fuels 413Tobacco 227 Chemicals 401Ferro-alloys 185 Machinery & transport equip. 271Platinum 121 Manufactured products 269Total incl. others 1,770 Total incl. others 2,422

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

South Africa 33.2 South Africa 46.9Switzerland 7.8 Botswana 3.6United Kingdom 7.6 United Kingdom 3.4China 6.4 Zambia 3.1Germany 4.5 China 2.4

Balance of paymentsb, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 1.7 Change in reservesd 0.0Visible imports fob -2.0 Level of reservesd

Trade balance -0.3 end Dec. 0.1Net invisibles outflows -0.3 No. months of import coverd 0.6Net transfers 0.2 Official gold holdings, m ozd 0.1Current account balance -0.4 Foreign debt 4.8

– as % of GDP -8.3 – as % of GDP 33Capital balancec -0.4 – as % of total exports 264Overall balancec -0.4 Debt service ratio 5

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 7.9 Education spending, % of GDP 4.7Doctors per 1,000 pop. 0.2 Enrolment, %: primary 93Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 36Improved-water source access, tertiary 4

% of pop. 83

SocietyNo. of households 3.2m Colour TVs per 100 households 2.1Av. no. per household 4.1 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 2.7Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 3.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 8.4

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 0.5

ZIMBABWE 241

a 2003b Estimates.c 2001 estimates.d 2002

242 COUNTRY PROFILES

EURO AREAa

Area 2,497,000 sq km Capital –Arable as % of total land 26 Currency Euro (7)

PeoplePopulation 306.7m Life expectancy: men 76.6 yrsPop. per sq km 122.7 women 82.8 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 98.3%

in pop. 2000–05 0.4% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.5Pop. under 15 16.2% Urban population 76.5%Pop. over 60 21.9% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 96 Crude birth rate 9.9Human Development Index 93.2 Crude death rateb 10.1

The economyGDP 77,652bn GDP per head $30,980GDP $9,500bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 70.9

GDP 1994–2004 2.2% Economic freedom index 2.26

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 2 Private consumption 56.9Industry, of which: 27 Public consumption 20.5

manufacturing 19 Investment 20.5Services 71 Exports 36.7

Imports -34.6

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 4.4 Unemployed 2004 8.9Industry 31.2 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 9.3Services 64.3

Energym TOE

Total output 445.2 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 1,221.3 of energy use 64Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 3,964

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004

inflation 2005 2.2% Narrow money (M1) 8.4%Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 2.2% Broad money 6.9%Repo rate, 2005 2.10% Household saving rate, 2004 10.2%

Exchange ratesend 2005 December 2005

7 per $ 0.85 Effective rates 2000 = 1007 per SDR 1.21 – nominal 116.7

– real 117.8

Tradeb

Principal exports Principal imports$bn fob $bn cif

Machinery & transport equip. 544 Machinery & transport equip. 437Manufactures 295 Manufactures 325Chemicals 189 Food, drink & tobacco 282Energy and raw materials 62 Energy & raw materials 107Food & drink 60 Chemicals 72Total incl. others 1,205 Total incl. others 1,284

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 24.2 United States 15.3Switzerland 7.7 China 12.4China 5.0 Russia 7.8Russia 4.7 Japan 7.2Japan 4.5 Switzerland 6.0

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 1,404.4 Overall balance -15.4Visible imports fob -1,277.2 Change in reserves -4.8Trade balance 127.2 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 757.5 end Dec. 382.1Invisibles outflows -757.0 No. months of import cover 2.3Net transfers -67.0 Official gold holdings, m oz 390.0Current account balance 58.7 Aid given 30.2

– as % of GDP 0.6 – as % of GDP 0.32Capital balance -69.0

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 9.6 Education spending, % of GDP 4.81Doctors per 1,000 pop. 3.9 Enrolment, %: primary 104Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 6.6 secondary 106Improved-water source access, tertiary 54

% of pop. …

SocietyNo. of households 127.4m Colour TVs per 100 households 97.0Av. no. per household 2.41 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 53.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. 5.0 Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.6 per 100 pop. 89.7Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 40.5

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 152.9

EURO AREA 243

a Data refer to the 12 EU members that have adopted the euro.b EU25 data.

244 COUNTRY PROFILES

WORLDArea 148,698,382 sq km Capital …Arable as % of total land 10.8 Currency …

PeoplePopulation 6,377.6m Life expectancy: men 64.3 yrsPop. per sq km 42.9 women 68.7 yrsAv. ann. growth Adult literacy 79.0%

in pop. 2000–05 1.21% Fertility rate (per woman) 2.7Pop. under 15 28.2% Urban population 49.2%Pop. over 60 10.4% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 101 Crude birth rate 21.3Human Development Index 74.1 Crude death rate 8.9

The economyGDP $41.3trn GDP per head $6,460Av. ann. growth in real GDP per head in purchasing

GDP 1994–2004 3.0% power parity (USA=100) 22.5Economic freedom index 3.21

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 4 Private consumption 62Industry, of which: 28 Public consumption 17

manufacturing 18 Investment 21Services 68 Exports 24

Imports -24

Structure of employmenta

% of total % of labour forceAgriculture 4 Unemployed 2004 7.1Industry 26 Av. ann. rate 1995–2004 6.9Services 70

Energym TOE

Total output 10,672.0 Net energy imports as % Total consumption 10,543.7 of energy use -1Consumption per head,

kg oil equivalent 1,734

Inflation and financea

Consumer price av. ann. increase 1999–2004inflation 2005 3.6% Narrow money (M1) 8.9%

Av. ann. inflation 2000–05 3.7% Broad money 5.8%LIBOR $ rate, 3-month, 2005 3.56% Household saving rate, 2004 5.4%

TradeWorld exports

$bn fob $bn fob Manufactures 7,042 Ores & metals 274Fuels 732 Agricultural raw materials 183Food 640 Total incl. others 9,145

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

United States 15.7 Germany 9.4Germany 7.7 United States 9.3China 5.4 China 8.5France 5.1 Japan 6.5United Kingdom 5.1 France 4.5Japan 4.5 United Kingdom 3.5

Balance of payments, reserves and aid, $bnVisible exports fob 9,043 Overall balance 0Visible imports fob -8,990 Change in reserves 723Trade balance 53 Level of reservesInvisibles inflows 3,981 end Dec. 4,260Invisibles outflows -4,038 No. months of import cover 4Net transfers -25 Official gold holdings, m oz 900.8Current account balance -27 Aid givenb 82.7

– as % of GDP -0.1 – as % of GDPb 0.25Capital balance -94

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 10.2 Education spending, % of GDP 4.5Doctors per 1,000 pop. 1.5 Enrolment, %: primary 103Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. … secondary 70Improved-water source access, tertiary 24

% of pop. 82

SocietyNo. of households … TVs per 100 households …Av. no. per household … Telephone lines per 100 pop. 19.0Marriages per 1,000 pop. … Mobile telephone subscribers Divorces per 1,000 pop. … per 100 pop. 27.6Cost of living, Dec. 2005 Computers per 100 pop. 12.9

New York = 100 … Internet hosts per 1,000 pop. 61.8

WORLD 245

a OECD countries.b OECD and Middle East countries.

Glossary246 GLOSSARY

Balance of payments The record of acountry’s transactions with the rest ofthe world. The current account of thebalance of payments consists of: visibletrade (goods); “invisible” trade (servicesand income); private transfer payments(eg, remittances from those workingabroad); official transfers (eg, paymentsto international organisations, faminerelief). Visible imports and exports arenormally compiled on rather differentdefinitions to those used in the tradestatistics (shown in principal imports andexports) and therefore the statistics donot match. The capital account consistsof long- and short-term transactionsrelating to a country’s assets andliabilities (eg, loans and borrowings).The current account and the capitalaccount, plus an errors and omissionsitem, make up the overall balance. In thecountry pages of this book this item isincluded in the overall balance. Changesin reserves include gold at market pricesand are shown without the practice oftenfollowed in balance of paymentspresentations of reversing the sign.

Big Mac index A light-hearted way oflooking at exchange rates. If the dollarprice of a burger at McDonald’s in anycountry is higher than the price in theUnited States, converting at marketexchange rates, then that country’scurrency could be thought to be over-valued against the dollar and vice versa.

Body-mass index A measure forassessing obesity – weight in kilogramsdivided by height in metres squared. Anindex of 30 or more is regarded as anindicator of obesity; 25 to 29.9 as over-weight. Guidelines vary for men and forwomen and may be adjusted for age.

CFA Communauté Financière Africaine.Its members, most of the francophoneAfrican nations, share a commoncurrency, the CFA franc, which used to bepegged to the French franc but is nowpegged to the euro.

Cif/fob Measures of the value of

merchandise trade. Imports include thecost of “carriage, insurance and freight”(cif) from the exporting country to theimporting. The value of exports does notinclude these elements and is recorded“free on board” (fob). Balance ofpayments statistics are generallyadjusted so that both exports andimports are shown fob; the cif elementsare included in invisibles.

Crude birth rate The number of livebirths in a year per 1,000 population. Thecrude rate will automatically be relativelyhigh if a large proportion of thepopulation is of childbearing age.

Crude death rate The number of deathsin a year per 1,000 population. Alsoaffected by the population’s age structure.

Debt, foreign Financial obligationsowed by a country to the rest of the worldand repayable in foreign currency. Thedebt service ratio is debt service(principal repayments plus interestpayments) expressed as a percentage ofthe country’s earnings from exports ofgoods and services.

EU European Union. Members are:Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal,Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdomand, as of May 1 2004, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia andSlovenia.

Effective exchange rate The nominalindex measures a currency’s depreciation(figures below 100) or appreciation(figures over 100) from a base dateagainst a trade-weighted basket of thecurrencies of the country’s main tradingpartners. The real effective exchange ratereflects adjustments for relativemovements in prices or costs.

Euro area The 12 euro area members ofthe EU are Austria, Belgium, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,

GLOSSARY 247

Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal andSpain. Their common currency is theeuro, which came into circulation onJanuary 1 2002.

Fertility rate The average number ofchildren born to a woman who completesher childbearing years.

GDP Gross domestic product. The sum ofall output produced by economic activitywithin a country. GNP (gross nationalproduct) and GNI (gross nationalincome) include net income from abroadeg, rent, profits.

Household saving rate Householdsavings as % of disposable householdincome.

Import cover The number of months ofimports covered by reserves, ie reserves ÷1⁄12 annual imports (visibles andinvisibles).

Inflation The annual rate at whichprices are increasing. The most commonmeasure and the one shown here is theincrease in the consumer price index.

Internet hosts Websites and othercomputers that sit permanently on theinternet.

Life expectancy The average length oftime a baby born today can expect to live.

Literacy is defined by UNESCO as theability to read and write a simplesentence, but definitions can vary fromcountry to country.

Median age Divides the age distributioninto two halves. Half of the population isabove and half below the median age.

Money supply A measure of the “money”available to buy goods and services.Various definitions exist. The measuresshown here are based on definitions usedby the IMF and may differ from measuresused nationally. Narrow money (M1)consists of cash in circulation and

demand deposits (bank deposits that canbe withdrawn on demand). “Quasi-money” (time, savings and foreigncurrency deposits) is added to this tocreate broad money.

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The “richcountries” club was established in 1961to promote economic growth and theexpansion of world trade. It is based inParis and now has 30 members.

Opec Organisation of PetroleumExporting Countries. Set up in 1960 andbased in Vienna, Opec is mainlyconcerned with oil pricing andproduction issues. Members are; Algeria,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United ArabEmirates and Venezuela.

PPP Purchasing power parity. PPPstatistics adjust for cost of livingdifferences by replacing normalexchange rates with rates designed toequalise the prices of a standard“basket”of goods and services. These areused to obtain PPP estimates of GDP perhead. PPP estimates are shown on anindex, taking the United States as 100.

Real terms Figures adjusted to excludethe effect of inflation.

Reserves The stock of gold and foreigncurrency held by a country to finance anycalls that may be made for the settlementof foreign debt.

SDR Special drawing right. The reservecurrency, introduced by the IMF in 1970,was intended to replace gold andnational currencies in settlinginternational transactions. The IMF usesSDRs for book-keeping purposes andissues them to member countries. Theirvalue is based on a basket of the USdollar (with a weight of 45%), the euro(29%), the Japanese yen (15%) and thepound sterling (11%).

248 LIST OF COUNTRIES

Population GDP GDP Area Median per head age

m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsAfghanistan 24.9 5.8 800a 652 16.7Albania 3.2 7.6 4,980 29 28.3Algeria 32.3 84.6 6,600 2,382 24.0Andorra 0.1 1.8a 26,290a 0.4 37.0Angola 14.1 19.5 2,180 1,247 16.6Argentina 38.9 153.0 13,300 2,767 28.9Armenia 3.1 3.1 4,100 30 31.7Aruba 0.1 1.9b 21,800ab 0.2 34.0Australia 19.9 637.3 30,330 7,682 36.6Austria 8.1 292.3 32,280 84 40.6Azerbaijan 8.4 8.5 4,150 87 27.5

Bahamas 0.3 5.3b 17,520b 14 27.6Bahrain 0.7 11.0 20,760 1 29.8Bangladesh 149.7 56.6 1,870 144 22.1Barbados 0.3 2.8 16,230a 0.4 34.7Belarus 9.9 22.9 6,970 208 37.8Belgium 10.3 352.3 31,100 31 40.6Belize 0.3 1.1 6,750 23 21.2Benin 6.9 4.1 1,090 113 17.6Bermuda 0.1 4.5a 69,230a 1 36.0Bhutan 2.3 0.7 1,400ab 47 20.1Bolivia 9.0 8.8 2,720 1,099 20.8Bosnia 4.2 8.5 7,030 51 38.0Botswana 1.8 9.0 9,950 581 19.9Brazil 180.7 604.0 8,200 8,512 26.8Brunei 0.4 6.8ab 18,690ab 6 26.2Bulgaria 7.8 24.1 8,080 111 40.6Burkina Faso 13.4 4.8 1,170 274 16.2Burundi 7.1 0.7 680 28 17.0

Cambodia 14.5 4.9 2,420 181 20.3Cameroon 16.3 14.4 2,170 475 18.8Canada 31.7 978.0 31,260 9,971 38.6Cayman Islands 0.0 1.4a 32,350a 0.3 34.0Central African Rep 3.9 1.3 1,090 622 18.1Chad 8.9 4.2 2,090 1,284 16.3Channel Islands 0.1 6.2ab 61,900ab 0.2 39.7Chile 16.0 94.1 10,870 757 30.6China 1,313.3 1,931.7 5,900 9,561 32.6Colombia 44.9 97.7 7,260 1,142 25.4Congo-Kinshasa 54.4 6.6 710 2,345 16.3

Whenever data is available, the world rankings consider 183countries: all those which had (in 2004) or have recently had apopulation of at least 1m or a GDP of at least $1bn. Here is a list ofthem.

List of countries

Population GDP GDP Area Median per head age

m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km years

Congo-Brazzaville 3.8 4.3 980 342 16.3Costa Rica 4.3 18.5 9,480 51 26.1Côte d'Ivoire 16.9 15.5 1,550 322 18.5Croatia 4.4 34.3 12,190 57 40.6Cuba 11.3 32.5a 2,870a 111 35.6Cyprus 0.8 15.4 22,810 9 35.3Czech Republic 10.2 107.0 19,410 79 39.0

Denmark 5.4 241.4 31,910 43 39.5Dominican Republic 8.9 18.7 7,450 48 23.3

Ecuador 13.2 30.3 3,960 272 24.0Egypt 73.4 78.8 4,210 1,000 22.8El Salvador 6.6 15.8 5,040 21 23.3Equatorial Guinea 0.5 3.2 19,300b 28 17.6Eritrea 4.3 0.9 980 117 17.4Estonia 1.3 11.2 14,560 45 38.9Ethiopia 72.4 8.0 760 1,134 17.5

Faroe Islands 0.0 1.0ab 21,300ab 1 34.0Fiji 0.8 2.6 6,070 18 24.5Finland 5.2 185.9 29,950 338 40.9France 60.4 2,046.6c 29,300c 544 39.3French Polynesia 0.2 4.6ab 17,500ab 3 26.9

Gabon 1.4 7.2 6,620 268 19.4Gambia, The 1.5 0.4 1,990 11 19.8Georgia 5.1 5.2 2,840 70 35.5Germany 82.5 2,740.6 28,300 358 42.1Ghana 21.4 8.9 2,240 239 19.8Greece 11.0 205.2 22,210 132 39.7Greenland 0.1 1.1 19,640ab 2,176 31.0Guadeloupe 0.4 3.5 7,930ab 2 34.1Guam 0.2 2.5 15,150a 1 28.1Guatemala 12.7 27.5 4,310 109 18.1Guinea 8.6 3.9 2,180 246 18.0Guinea-Bissau 1.5 0.3 720 36 16.2

Haiti 8.4 3.5 1,840a 28 20.0Honduras 7.1 7.4 2,880 112 19.8Hong Kong 7.1 163.0 30,820 1 38.9Hungary 9.8 100.7 16,810 93 38.8

Iceland 0.3 12.2 33,050 103 34.1India 1,081.2 691.2 3,140 3,287 24.3Indonesia 222.6 257.6 3,610 1,904 26.5Iran 69.8 163.4 7,530 1,648 23.4

LIST OF COUNTRIES 249

250 LIST OF COUNTRIES

Population GDP GDP Area Median per head age

m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsIraq 25.9 12.6ab 2,400a 438 19.1Ireland 4.0 181.6 38,830 70 34.2Israel 6.6 116.9 24,380 21 28.9Italy 57.3 1,677.8 28,180 301 42.3

Jamaica 2.7 8.9 4,160 11 24.9Japan 127.8 4,622.8 29,250 378 42.9Jordan 5.6 11.5 4,690 89 21.3

Kazakhstan 15.4 40.7 7,440 2,717 29.4Kenya 32.4 16.1 1,140 583 17.9Kuwait 2.6 55.7 19,380 18 29.5Kyrgyzstan 5.2 2.2 1,940 583 23.8

Laos 5.8 2.5 1,950 237 19.1Latvia 2.3 13.6 11,650 64 39.5Lebanon 3.7 21.8 5,840 10 26.8Lesotho 1.8 1.3 2,620 30 19.2Liberia 3.5 0.5 900a 111 16.3Libya 5.7 29.1 8,400a 1,760 23.9Lithuania 3.4 22.3 13,110 65 37.8Luxembourg 0.5 31.9 69,960 3 38.1

Macau 0.4 6.8b 22,000a 0.02 36.6Macedonia 2.1 5.4 6,610 26 34.2Madagascar 17.9 4.4 860 587 17.8Malawi 12.3 1.9 650 118 16.3Malaysia 24.9 118.3 10,280 333 24.7Mali 13.4 4.9 1,000 1,240 15.8Malta 0.4 5.3 18,880 0.3 38.1Martinique 0.4 6.1ab 15,490ab 1 36.4Mauritania 3.0 1.5 1,940 1,031 18.4Mauritius 1.2 6.0 12,030 2 30.4Mexico 104.9 676.5 9,800 1,973 25.0Moldova 4.3 2.6 1,730 34 33.0Mongolia 2.6 1.6 2,060 1,565 23.7Morocco 31.1 50.0 4,310 447 24.2Mozambique 19.2 6.1 1,240 799 17.7Myanmar 50.1 8.0a 1,600a 677 25.5

Namibia 2.0 5.7 7,420 824 18.6Nepal 25.7 6.7 1,490 147 20.1Netherlands 16.2 579.0 31,790 42 39.3Netherlands Antilles 0.2 2.8 15,470a 1 36.2New Caledonia 0.2 3.2 13,550ab 19 28.4New Zealand 3.9 98.9 23,410 271 35.8Nicaragua 5.6 4.6 3,630 130 19.7

Population GDP GDP Area Median per head age

m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsNiger 12.4 3.1 780 1,267 15.5Nigeria 127.1 72.1 1,150 924 17.5North Korea 22.8 40.0 1,750a 121 31.1Norway 4.6 250.1 38,450 324 38.2

Oman 2.9 24.3 15,260 310 22.3

Pakistan 157.3 96.1 2,230 804 20.0Panama 3.2 13.7 7,280 77 26.1Papua New Guinea 5.8 3.9 2,540 463 19.7Paraguay 6.0 7.3 4,810 407 20.8Peru 27.6 68.6 5,680 1,285 24.2Philippines 81.4 84.6 4,610 300 22.2Poland 38.6 242.3 12,970 313 36.5Portugal 10.1 167.7 19,630 89 39.5Puerto Rico 3.9 67.9b 24,920b 9 33.3

Qatar 0.6 20.4b 26,100a 11 30.9

Réunion 0.8 4.8ab 6,270a 3 29.3Romania 22.3 73.2 8,480 238 36.7Russia 142.4 581.4 9,900 17,075 37.3Rwanda 8.5 1.8 1,260 26 17.5

Saudi Arabia 24.9 250.6 13,830 2,200 21.6Senegal 10.3 7.8 1,710 197 18.2Serbia 10.5 24.0 2,700a 102 36.5Sierra Leone 5.2 1.1 560 72 18.4Singapore 4.3 106.8 28,080 1 37.5Slovakia 5.4 41.1 14,620 49 35.6Slovenia 2.0 32.2 20,940 20 40.2Somalia 10.3 4.8ab 470a 638 17.9South Africa 45.2 212.8 11,190 1,226 23.5South Korea 48.0 679.7 20,500 99 35.1Spain 41.1 1,039.9 25,050 505 38.6Sri Lanka 19.2 20.1 4,390 66 29.6Sudan 34.3 21.1 1,950 2,506 20.1Suriname 0.4 1.1 4,100a 164 25.1Swaziland 1.1 2.4 5,640 17 18.1Sweden 8.9 346.4 29,540 450 40.1Switzerland 7.2 357.5 33,040 41 40.8Syria 18.2 24.0 3,610 185 20.6

Taiwan 22.7 305.3 27,100a 36 31.0Tajikistan 6.3 2.1 1,200 143 19.3Tanzania 37.7 10.9 670 945 18.2Thailand 63.5 161.7 8,090 513 30.5

LIST OF COUNTRIES 251

252 LIST OF COUNTRIES

Population GDP GDP Area Median per head age

m $bn $PPP ’000 sq km yearsTogo 5.0 2.1 1,540 57 17.9Trinidad & Tobago 1.3 12.5 12,180 5 29.4Tunisia 9.9 28.2 7,770 164 26.8Turkey 72.3 302.8 7,750 779 26.3Turkmenistan 4.9 6.2 4,320 488 23.3

Uganda 26.7 6.8 1,480 241 14.8Ukraine 48.2 64.8 6,390 604 39.0United Arab Emirates 3.1 104.2 24,060 84 29.0United Kingdom 59.4 2,124.4 30,820 243 39.0United States 297.0 11,711.8 39,680 9,373 36.1Uruguay 3.4 13.2 9,420 176 32.1Uzbekistan 26.5 12.0 1,870 447 22.6

Venezuela 26.2 110.1 6,040 912 24.7Vietnam 82.5 45.2 2,750 331 24.9Virgin Islands 0.1 2.5ab 22,940ab 0.4 35.0

West Bank and Gaza 3.7 3.5b 950ab 6 17.1

Yemen 20.7 12.8 880 528 16.5

Zambia 10.9 5.4 940 753 16.7Zimbabwe 12.9 4.7 2,070 391 18.7

Euro area (12) 306.7 9,500.9 27,960 2,497 40.6

World 6,377.7 41,290.4 8,920 148,698 28.1

a Estimate.b Latest available year.c Including French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. d Populations less than 50,000.

Airports Council International,Worldwide Airport TrafficReport

BP, Statistical Review of WorldEnergy

British Mountaineering Council

CB Richard Ellis, Global MarketRents

Central Intelligence Agency,The World Factbook

Centre for International EarthScience InformationNetwork, ColumbiaUniversity

Confederation of SwedishEnterprise

Corporate Resources Group,Quality of Living Report

Council of Europe

The Economistwww.economist.com

Economist Intelligence Unit,Cost of Living Survey; CountryForecasts; Country Reports; E-readiness rankings; GlobalOutlook – BusinessEnvironment Rankings;Quality of Life index

ERC Statistics International,World Cigarette Report

Euromonitor, InternationalMarketing Data andStatistics; EuropeanMarketing Data and Statistics

Europa Publications, TheEuropa World Yearbook

Eurostat, Statistics in Focus

FAO, FAOSTAT database; Stateof the World’s Forests

Financial Times BusinessInformation, The Banker

The Heritage Foundation,Index of Economic Freedom

IMD, World CompetitivenessYearbook

IMF, Direction of Trade;International FinancialStatistics; World EconomicOutlook

International CocoaOrganisation, QuarterlyBulletin of Cocoa Statistics

International CoffeeOrganisation

International Cotton AdvisoryCommittee, Bulletin

International Road Federation,World Road Statistics

International Rubber StudyGroup, Rubber StatisticalBulletin

International Federation of thePhonographic Industry

International Grains Council,The Grain Market Report

International Obesity TaskForce

International SugarOrganisation, StatisticalBulletin

International Tea Committee,Annual Bulletin of Statistics

InternationalTelecommunication Union,ITU Indicators

ISTA Mielke, Oil World

Johnson Matthey

Lloyd’s Register, World FleetStatistics

SOURCES 253

Sources

254 SOURCES

Mercer Human ResourceConsulting

National statistics officesNetwork WizardsNobel Foundation

OECD, Development AssistanceCommittee Report;Environmental Data; MainEconomic Indicators

Space.comStandard & Poor’s Emerging

Stock Markets FactbookSwiss Re, sigma

Taiwan Statistical Data BookThe Times, Atlas of the WorldTime Inc Magazines, Fortune

InternationalTransparency International

UN, Demographic Yearbook;Global Refugee Trends; Stateof World Population Report;Statistical Chart on WorldFamilies; Survey on CrimeTrends; Trends in TotalMigrant Stock; WorldContraceptive Use; WorldPopulation Prospects; WorldUrbanisation Prospects

UNAIDS, Report on the GlobalAIDS Epidemic

UNCTAD, World InvestmentReport

UN Development Programme,Human Development Report

UNESCO, website: unescostat.unesco.org

Union Internationale desChemins de Fer, StatistiquesInternationales des Cheminsde Fer

US Census BureauUS Department of AgricultureUniversity of Michigan,

Windows to the Universewebsite

WHO, Atlas of Heart Diseaseand Stroke; Health Behaviourin School-aged Children;Mortality Database; WeeklyEpidemiological Record;World Health StatisticsAnnual; World Report onViolence and Health

The Woolmark CompanyWorld Bank, Doing Business;

Global Development Finance;World DevelopmentIndicators; WorldDevelopment Report

World Bureau of MetalStatistics, World MetalStatistics

World EconomicForum/Harvard University,Global CompetitivenessYearbook

World Resources Institute,World Resources

World Tourist Organisation,Yearbook of Tourism Statistics

World Trade Organisation,Annual Report

World Water CouncilWorld Wide Fund for Nature