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MIL-STD-1695 (AS)

13 September 1977

MILITARY STANDARD

ENVIRONMENTS, WORKING, MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR

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MIL-STD-169S (As)

13 September 1977

DEPARTMENTOF DEFENSEWashington, DC 20301

Environments, WorkW, Minimum Standards for

MIL-STD- 1695 (AS)

1. Th~Military Standard iaapprovedfor~ebY the Departmentof the Navy, endie available for use byaU Departments end Agencies of the Depart-ment of Defense.

2. Beneficial commenp (recommendations, additions, deletions) and anypertinent data which may be of use in improving this standard should be addressedto the Naval Air Systems Commmid by using the self-addressed StandardizationDocument Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) ePPearing”at the end of th~standard, or by letter.

ii


MIL-STD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

FOREWORD

This standard has been prepared to define minimum standards foi workingenvironments for a broad range of hardware procurement, and is suitable for cita-tion in request for proposats, invitation for bids, contracts and purchase orders,or governing specifications. The requirements contained herein are appropriatefor all Ievets of procurement from a supplier (ace 3.6). These provisiona may becontracturdty modified as appropriate for specific types of hardware, or as appro-priate to the hardware tife cycle phase, after suitable coo@hmtion with the activ-ity responsible for the technical requirements.

. . .111


Paragraph 1.“1.11.2

2.2.12.2

3.3.13.23.33.43.53.6

4.4.1

5.5.15.25.3

6.

Table 1.

Figure 1.2.

3. “

Paragraph 10.

20.

30.


CONTENTS

SCOPE -------------- ----Purpose ------------- -----source --------” ----- ------

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS - - - - - - - -Issues of documents---- --------Other publications - - - - - - - - - - - -

DEFINITIONS -------- -------General --------- --------Working environment - - - - - - - - - - -Audit -------------- :---Work station -------- --------Workarea-’-----’- --------Supplier ---------- -------

GENERAL STATEMENTS OF REQUIREMENTSWorkir@ environments - - --- - - - - - - -

DETAILEDSTATEMENTS OF REQUIREMENTSWorking erivironmenta - - - - - - - - - - -Environmental control plan- - - - - - - - -Audit ------------- -----

NOT% “AND CONCLUDING MATERIAL - - -

Minimum standards for workingenvironments ------- ------’--

Personnel comfort limits ( MI* D-1472 ) - -Pe~mel. comfort limits’ ( modified to account

for humidKy effects on equipment and workin-process) -------------’ ‘--

Tolerance limits, adapted from MIL-STD-1472.

APPENDIX A

INTRODUCTIO~,- - - - - - - ‘- - - - - -

SUMMARY-----------’- ----

SOURCE AND DERNATION STANDARDS - -

111

112

2222233

33

3333

14

4

11

1213

15

15

16

I

iv

lob


I

I

I

I

I

I

P.sragraph 30.130.230.330.430.530.630.730.830.930.9.1

40.

Table A-1 .

A-II .

A-HI .


CONTENTS”- (Continued)

PEg&

A-IV ,

A-V .

A-VI.

A-VII .

A-VIII.

A-IX.

A-X.

Cleanliness ---------- ------Lighting ------------ -----Air temperature -------- ------Relative humidity - - - - - - - : - - - - -Dust control ---------- -----Ventilation or exhaust - - - - - - - - - - -Noise ----------- -------Habitat ----” --------- -----Additional considerations- - - - - - - - - -Reduced environmental limits - - - - - - -

REFERENCES --- - -------- -----

Review of notes in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments” (cleanliness) - - - -

Derivation of cleanliness levels - - - - - - -

Review of provisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (cleanliness) - -

Review of notes in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (lighting) ---

Review of provisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (fighting) ---

Review of notes in ‘Minimum Standards forWorking Environments” (air temperature) -

Review of provisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (air temperature)

Review of notes in ‘Minimum Standards forWorking Environmentsn (relative humidity) -

16222835394447535757

57

17

18

20

23

26

29

33

36

Review of rmovisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Worki& Environmentsn (relative humidity) 37

Review of notes in “Minimum Standardsfor Workhg Environments”. (dust control) - 40

v


Table A-XI .

A-XU .

A-XffI

A-XIV .

A-XV .

A-XVI .

A-XVIf .

A-xVIII.

A-XfX .

Figure A-1.

A-2 .

A-3 .

A-4 .

A-5 .

A-6 .

A-7 .

A-8.

XIL-STD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

CONTENTS - (Continued)

Filter performance - - - - - - -’.- - - - - -

Filter ratings --------- -------

Review of provisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (dust control) --

Review of notes in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments” (ventilation or exahaust)

Review of provisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (ventilation orexhaust)-------- - ---------

Review of not=’ in “Minimum ”Standards forWorkhig Environments” (noise) -- - - - - -

Review of provisions in “Minimum Standardsfor Working Environments” (noise) -- -- -

Review of notes in ‘Minimum Standards forWorking Environmentsn (habitat) ------

Review, ,of previsions in “Minimum StandardsfOr Working Environments” (habitat) --:-

Pro&ct cle&liness levels (from MIL-STD-1246)

Tjrne required to” detect objeet vs illumination(besedon O.02”sPot) -----------

Required “itluminetion vs object size (baaed on0.4 second detection time) - - - - - - - - -

Tolerance limits, adepted from MIL-STD-1472

Pers6nnel “comfort limits ( MIL+STD-1472) - - -

Personnel comfort limits (modified to accountfor humidity effects on equipment and workin-process) --------- ---------

Single regression anetysia of erior reqjonsesbyrange of noise level ----- ------

Effects of noise on performance level es afunction of teak difficulty - - - - - - - - -

41

41

42

4s

46

48

51

54

55

19

24

25

30

31

32

49

50

I

vi

lot



1. SCOPE

1.1 PurPose. This standard defines the minimum standards for work;ng environ-ments applicable to suppliers of military hardware. The provisions of this standardare to be set forth in each procurement, either in total or in part, as appropriateto the hardware end item to be delivered and to the phase of the system acquisi-tion cycle.

1.2 Source. Source data, supporting information, and the derivation of the.individual standards are included as Appendix A in this standard.

2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

2.1 Issues of documents. The following documents of the issue in effect onthe date of invitation for bids or request for proposal form a part of this standardto the extent specified herein.

‘STANDARDS

Federal

Fed-Std-209 - Clean Room and Work St~tion Requirements, ControlledEnvironment.

Military

MIL-STD-1313 - Microelectronic Terrhs and Definitions.

PUBLICAITONS

Department of Defense

DoD4145.26M - DoDContractors’ Safety M.anual for Ammunition, EXPIO_sives; and Related Dangerous Material.

(Copies of specifications, standards, drawinga, and publications, required bycontractors in connection with specific procurement functions should reobtainedfrom the procuring activity or as directed by the contracting of ficer.)

. .

1

I


MIL-STD-1695(AS)13 Septetier 1977

1.

2.2 Other publications. The following document- sform apartof this standardtotheextent specified herein. Unless otherwise brdicated, the issue in effecton date of invitation forbids or request forproposal shall apply..

American Society of Heating, Refrigerationend Air-Conditioning Engineers, incorporated(A3HRAE)

ASHRAE 52-76 - Method of Testing Air Cleaning Devices usedinGeneral Ventilation for Removing ParticulateMatter.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society of Heating,Refr~erati~ and Air-@nditioni~ E~tieers, hcor~rated,345 East 47th Street,New York, NY 10017.)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ANSI S1.4-1971 - Specification for Sound Level Metera.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American National StandardsInstitute, incorporated, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.)

Technical society and technical association specifications and standards aregeneraUy available forrefer&sce frdmliirarie?.. ‘tlseya realsodistribute damongtechnicaf groups and using Federal agencies. . .

3. DEFfNITIONS

3.1 General. Forthepurpo~ ofthiistkndSrd, definitions shaUbeinaccor&SI’Icewiti=otes to Table Isnd Ssdeftied herein.

3.2 Workmgenvironrnent. Theterm working environment refers tothoaeenvironmental factors which may affect theoperator’s performance or qualityof work, or may affect thequslity characteristics of the work in process. Thosefactors include: cleanlinkaa, lighting, air temperature, relative humidity, dustcontroL ventilation or exhaust, noise, and habitat.

3.3 Audit. An audit is a scheduled periodic inspectiori.or eviduation to verifyconform=to specified criteria.

3.4 Work station. A work station encompasses the specific area used to per-form work. A work station, as an example, Includes bench tops, bench mounted ma-terfaf and equipment shelves, drawers for to@ storage, and afl areas within reach ofthe operator. The definition of work station specifically excludes drawers endshelves designated for storage of personsd materiai \lunch bags, Purs-% etc.).

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I

MIL-sTD-1695(AS)13 September 1977

3.5 Work aree. A work area consists of a room or designated snd segregatedportion thereof which contains one or more work stations.

3.6 Su~Plier. A supplier .is any private company or Government activity supplyingsystems, subsystems, components, or assemblies under contract or purchsse orderto any other company or Government activity for eventual inclusion es a pertof an end item or system for detivery to the Government under a contract.

4. GENERAL STATEMENTS OF REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Working environments. Minimum standards for working environmentssh.cdlbe in accordance with Table [and the notes thereto.

5. DETAILED STATEMENTS OF REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Work”mgenvironmeit.i Thesupplier ahallestablish working environmentsin accordance with Table I and the notes thereto foraU work stations end workareas where materials to redelivered under the contract orpurchsae order arefabricated, processed, assembled, tested, irrsp.ected, handled, and stored.

5.2 Environmental control plan. ‘l%eaupplie rshallestablis hssrdimplementan envir~h defines indetail each applicable work areaand workstation, the environment to be maintained at each work area and workstation, thepermiasible tolerarsce limits foreach environmental factor of TabIe I,the methdsof control (includL~the nece~ktrumentation), mdXheduledpreventive maintenance, ,i.e., periodic air filter cleaning, light fixture cleaningand relamping, and clean+p require mental The environmental control plan shaUbe made a part of the Quality Assurance Program Plan, Inspection Plsn, or fnternalQusUty Procedures and sh.slf be made available for review by the Governmentrepreeentive.

.,

5.3 Audit. The supplier shaU conduct ~heduled audits of the controlled workareas an=rk stations to verify that the working environments are in accordancewith the environmental control plan (see 5.2). Audit frequencies shaU be adjustedby experience as required to aeaqre continued conformance to the provisions ofTable I.

3.-


MIL-STD-1695 (AS)

I13 September 1977

1-

. .

TABLE L Minimum Standar& for w(l.,,. !,., .1r

<-yL:: t=. r~,-w.l,~w:: y cl..., ,-..

(lb!. 1! al... b) w-. N

Ifm,, A,.. 1..h.. i.. i r. brtc. ct,mrol.r.”.e ,.

0.0$ ,. (0.156 -1,01. r..<. t.

0.03, ,. (2%., u“]101...,.. ,.

O.aml ‘“ (2.34 u->‘rO1.r.nc. (,.<, thm

0. Owl ,“ [1. >s u.)

workA,.. 1,dn C7.r., ,0”.,.1...K. ,.

O.m, ,. (127 u.)rd . . . . . . fh. r h..

O.ca, ,. (Izl u.)

work A.-” 3I.., i.. q...cic-

w,k .,” aI.ttq .s4 m., lm. klm,

Usrk W“ 3l.ctmr.li ?..,.

*,-. Are 6,brld “,c,oe,,cdt.

Vork Ar” 1.A..1”1 b Al,1.1..=. ,.

0.0s U (1.21 -)‘ml..-. to

o.ml t. tn.. g]1.1.,.-. ,0

O.om, ,. (2.54 Mr.k.=. rima chm

O.mol in (1.56 I-)

VW* At.. 0-P-xi- Al”.

Uerk Al” *k,, W.1 —t

?r”.r.ti- .UdA--1,

Wrk A.” toPm?.r.,ti. ni.ima.d

,.btium drrcv.u.n... rvc-ta.shit.. ..dIa910s;va

wck~r- IImd.m ..di7

r.kr= C.0.03 ii (1.279)

101.,uc. toO.m, i9 (13. * Id

mm- .O.aal i, (1. M!A

film- fimm *b9.WUI t. (1.abd

-i--L,...L! 70 (. %,. 11

(7s0 1.),... c ton f. **. II

(1:: :)1... m II’a.. 12

(12m 1.)1... M m c. y-n;::

(Mm 1.)

*

1’.. 1 m f. nm. II(Ilm l.)

,1... c m f. k... u(750 h]

,1... 8 100 f. not. ,11100lx

,,... , !00 f. Ilot. 12(ttw lx)

--l-L:1... c Ioa f= 8-. 11

(W& ~:) ~,. ,,:1.” n

[1102 l.):1.” M m f. m. n

(z2& :):1... A *15.1.F

(544 l=) (IO-26-C)

IIcl... c 100 1= tit. t 1

<ttc.a la)cl.” m 100 f. lot. II

($100 1.)cl.” u Im f. MC. 12

W& :,Ch” A y.::

(Mm k)

=-t%-lx

kin Environments (S

F

“.,.,,.. C-JSL v=”%11.. (0.,,-1,,,, Cor.tr.l .;”acm... 6> (Mm. 7)

m-9oz cl... D mat. 8

K-90x cl... D h,. e

m-mz cl... c lb,, a

S$-ssz ct... a NM. *

,Im cl... D k... a

>,01 c,... c .Ibac.s

m-m cl... c -. 8

●,m - c,.” c net. a

m-m m... c m,. *

m-ml cu.. A m,. e

W-$9X cl... n nor. 8

w-ml cl... c Mr. *

x-lox claw. 8 no,. 8

1>s51 cl... A not. a

zIO+3Z Cb.. D

,0-wi clan cm-m Clu. n

M-,3X cl... A

Ia-wl Ch. o

●,m “ cl... c

net. 8

k,. 8

90 .8A cl... 0

M ,* c,... c

M .OA cl... c

71 dBA cl... 1

4=*0 4U CL... D

so du CL... D

n 4E4 cu.. n

w du cl”. c

+

15 da cl”. s

10 dM Cl... A

1

J-7s ,U C1.n B

n ‘s6 a... c.

n iu cl-u 1

70 .E4 Cl”. A

!0 dw cl”. c

T4



NOTESTOTABLE I

1. Reduced Environmental Limits

The requirements listed herein represent minimum requirements for normalmanufacturing operations. Suppliers who are required to comply withthe provisions herein and who may have special processes, such es X-Ray,video displays or light directed component insertion equipment, etc., maydevelop reduced environmental limits under the following conditions:

a. A valid engineering requirement exists for the reduced fi’mit, and

b. The reduced limits are documented (including the reasons therefor)and subject to control and audit in the ssme manner as the remainingrequirements listed herein, and

c. Such revised environmental limits, the reasons therefor, and the mannerof control are subject to approval of the Government contractingofficer.

2. Work Area Descriptions

a. Work Area 1: Mechanical Fabrication.

This work area includes machining and similar operations involvingcutting, materiaf removal, shaping; or joining metals and plastics.~ical operations include sawing, shearing, bending, punching, drawing,turning, boring, drilling, milling, grinding, welding, riveting, andsimilar op.$rations..

b. Work Area 2: Foundry Operations.

This work area includes casting, extruding, rolling, and forging ofmetals and similar operations.

c. Work Area 3: Plastics O~erations. . . .

This work area includes the handling, mixing, potting, encapsulating,impregnating, spraying, and curing areea’ror chemicals, plastics,epoxies, paints, etc.

d. Work Area4: Plating and Heat Treating. .

Th]s work area includes pickling, etchhsg, plating; heat treating, essdannealing operations.

5


MIL-STD-1695(AS)13 September 1977

14

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

Notes to Table l (Continued)

Work Area5: Electronic Parts.

This work area includes handling, inspection, assembiy and solderingor resistance welding of electronic psrts, electronic assemblies, elec-tromechanical devices and printed wiring boards.

Work Area6: Hybrid Microcircuits.

l%is work area includes handling, inspection, assembly, bonding orsoldering, adjustment or trimmbvg, and sealing of hybrid microcir-cuits (see MIL-STD-1313).

Work Area7: Mechanical Assembly.

This. work area includes the joining of individual parts to form higherlevel assemblies.

Work Area8: Inspection Areas.

An inspection area may be adjacent to, or removed from, i.he areain which the actual work is being done, such as a receiving inspectionarea. Inspection must be accompli~ed in a working environmentat least equivalent to that in which the item to be inspected wasfabricated, and, unless a subsequent cleaning operation is accomp-lished, the environment shall be”equal to that required for the nextassembly operation or processing step. . . .

Work Areas 9, 10, end 11: Chemical, PropeUant, Pyrotechnic, andExploswe processing.

l%ese areas are used exclusively for the manufacture, processing,and fabrication of propellants end related materials end devices.Some of the other work areas” (1 through 7 in Table 1) may be util-ized to make up the entire assembly. However, areas 9 through 11deal with the proecssei that make up the esplosive subassembly it-self, both live end inert. When these requirements conflict withsafety considerations, the safety requirements shell take precedence.Unless otherwise specified, general safety requirements “wsddefird-tions @sell be in accordance with DoD publication 4145.26M. WorkArea E (Inspection) applies to all types of work.

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6

1—._ — _



: Notes to Table 1 (Continued)

j. Work Area 12: Environmental Test.

This work area is defined as being in the immediate vicinity of, oradjacent to, items under environmental test. A control station (e.g.,a test console), whether remote from, in the immediate vicinity of,or adjacent to items under test, is considered a part of the environ-mental testing work area.

k. Work Area 13: Handling and Storage.

The environmental requirements for handling and storage of itemsin work shall at least equal the requirements for the type of workbeing accomplished except when items are covered or protectedfrom contamination. Values listed in Table I apply to handling andstorage of covered, bagged, or otherwise protected i terns.

3. Cleanliness Definitions

.Class D - Daily Cleanup:

Removal of scrap, clean up all spilled oil, etc.

Class C - Prompt Cleanup:

Scrap, oil, and residue shall not be allowed to accumulate.

Class B - Prompt Cleanup:

Oil, residue, and spilled chemicals removed immediately. Floors, wallsand work areas shall have easily cleaned surfaces. Cleanup of equipmentand area shall be accomplished daily.

Class 6A:

Oil, residue, spilled chemicals, and any foreign material which rn;ghtdevelop in the area shafl be cIeaned immediately. Floors, walls, f~niture,and work areas shall have hard, grease-resistant, easily cleaned surfaces.Materiels and equipment shall be cleaned prior to acceptance into thisarea. [n addition, parts end assemblies shall be kept in suitable. coveredcontainers when not in use. As a minimum, flushing or cutting fluids shallbe filtered to remove contamination above 1S.0 micrOn*. ..ChiPS. Particles.and dust generated during any and all mechanical operations shall be

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r41L-STD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

I

Notes 10 Table I (Continued)

removed during the operation by vacuum. Clean, lint-free smocks arerequired for operators end inspectors. Complete cleaning and wipe-down of equipment, tools, fixtures, and the area shall be accomplishedat the end of each 8 hours of operation or daily, whichever occurs first.

Class A:

Cleanliness shall be controlled in accordance with Ferf-Std-209,Class 100,000 as a minimum, unless otherwise specified in the contractor purchase order.

4. Li!4!!m’

Indicated values are minimum light intensity values as measured at thework station using a light meter which is cosineand color corrected.Supplemental lighting shall be used when necessary to improve precision,minimize operator fatigue, and to provide illumination inside of cabinetsand housinga, but brightness ratios within the operator’a field of viewshall not exceed 10 to 1. Specialized equipment that requires a low ambientlight level, i.e., TV displays, X-ray, etc., may require en exception tothose levels specified in Table I (see Note 1, Reduced Environmental Limits).

5. Air Temperature

.Designated temperature Iimits shown in Table [ are dry bulb temperaturemeasurements taken in proximity of the work stations during”regularworking hours. See Notes 11, 12, rind 13 for those areas indicated inTable L

6. Relative Humidity

Designated relative humidity shaU. be es measured at room ambient temper-ature in proximity to the work stations during regular workhtg hours. “

7. Dust Controk Definitions

Class D - No dust control required.

8

II


8.


Notes to Table 1 (Continued)

Class C - Outside and recirculated air shall be filtered to remove dustparticles. Filter shall have a minimum arrestarrce of 65 percent in accord-ance with ASH RAE} Standard 52-76.

Class B - Outside and recirculated air shaU be filtered to remove dustparticles. Filter shall have a minimum efficiency of 60 percent in accord-ance with ASH RAE Standard 52-76.

Class A - Dust control shall’be in accordance with Fed-Std-209, Class100,000 as a minimum, unless otherwise specified iii the contract or pur-chase order.

Ventilation or “Exhaust

Air velocity at the work station shall be maintained at a velocity of lessthan 90 ft/minute (0.46 m/s) regardless of the season. Additionally, forcedventilation ,or exhaust shall be provided in areas where operations suchas parts cleaning, vapor decreasing, and machine soldering are beingaccomplished. The maximum air velocity requirement shall not applyin these areas. Work areas for mechanical assembly of tolerances finerthan 0.0001 in (2.54 um) which utilize laminar flow benches shaU maintainan air velocity of less than 110 ft/minute (0.56 m/s).

9. Noise

Noise is defined & the average sound level existing at the work stationduring normal operation when measured with a standard sound-level meteras specified in ANS12 S1.4-1971, Type 2, “A” weighted. Work stationsfor control of automatic equipment operations, which require operatorloading and unloading only, may exceed the noise limits specified by10 dBA but not exceed 90 dBA. Inspection and test work stations shallnot exceed the values specified. Work areas for mechanical assemblyof tolerances finer than 0.0001 in (2.54 Pm) which utilize lamin8r flowbenches may exceed by 5 dBA the value specified. For environmentaltesting, when the specified limit is exceeded, ear protection shaU beprovided.

~American Society of Heating, Ref rigeratirtg and Air-Conditioning Engineers.,

‘American National Standards Institute.

9

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,YIL-sTD-1695 (AS)13 september 1977

I

I

10.

11.

12.

13.

Notes to Table I (Continued)

Habitat

Class D- Uncontrolled

Class C - No food, drink, or personal grooming material is allowed atthese workstations. Notating, drinking, orpersonal groom ing is allowedin the work area. Drinking fountains are permissible.

Class B- No food, drink, personal grooming material, or smoking isaUowed at these work stations. No eating, drinking, persoflsd grooming,or smoking is allowed in the work area. Drinking fountains are permissible.

Class A.- No food, drink, personal grooming material, or smoking materialis allowed in these work areas. Drinking fountains arepermis.sible.

Comfort Zone

The combination of “air temperature ‘and relative humidity shall not exceedthe limits shown in thecross tisitched area of Figure 1 fOr those areasspecified in Table I.

Comfort Zone (Restricted)

The combination of & temperature andrelative humidity $hall not exceedthe limits shown inthecross hatched area of Figure2 for those sreasapecifiedin Table I. “.

Tolerance Zone

The combination of air temperature andrelative humirfityshallnot exceedthel[mits shown inthecross hatched area of Figure3 for those sreasspecified in Table 1.

10I

I


,.

I90 [32.2)89.5(31.9)

I

I 85 (29,4)

,:

6&5 (19.2I65 [18.3) 4=++=70

to 30RELATIvE HUMIOITY,PERCENT

MIL-sTD-1695 (As)13 september 1977

FIGURE 1. Personnel Comfort Limits(~-STD-1472)

—

—

—

—

11


MIL-sTD-1695(As)13 september 1977

90 (32.2) 1 , 1 I I

85 (29.4184.5(29.2]

wg 76.0(25.9 I I r~z$w

2 75 (23.91:

mA~

& 70.5(21.4e.ro(zl.11

67.5(19.7)

ti

I 1

65 “(18.3) 1“1 I .,. I I

o 10 m. 50 70RELATIVEt4UM101TY.PERCSNT

—

—

—

—

— I

F1GURE2. Per60nnel Comfort Limits(Modified to Account for Humidity TTi’6Zis on

Equipment 6nd Work In-Process)

12



I


“0 ‘433’~10S(42.21-—

105(40.61

100(37.8)

~.

: 95(350)0

/

90(32.2)

! “(”4) I--w%l

75(23.9)

70 (21.1)

64.5(1.%1)

i I I I i60 (15.61I I

o 10 30 50 ‘- 7“ 90 100

FIGURE 3. Tolerance Limits, Adapted ‘FromMIL-STD 1472

13I


i.tIL-STD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

6. NOTES AND CONCLUDING MArERIAL Not applicable.

Preparing ActivityNavy-AS

(Project Mist NC-54)

I

14



APPENDIXA

The information contained within this Appendix knon-mandatory and delineates the historical back-ground and justification for the development of theminimum standards for working environments.

10. INTRODUCTION

MIL-Q-9858A’, Quality Pregram Requirements, Paragraph 6.2, requires that“TheContractor’sq ualityprogram must assure that all machining, wiring, batching,shaping and all basic production operations of any type is accomplished undercontrolled conditions. Controlled conditions include documented work instructions,adequate production equipment, andanyspeeial working environment.”

Inorder toestablish ac?mmon definition of “special work@genviron-ments~ minimum standarde for working environments have beendefined whichare required of suppliers end vendors supplying equipment to the Government.~epu~oW of Wis Appendix ktodwument ~esoum~and derivation of theworking environment standards.

20. SUMMARY

The minimum stmrdards for working environments address the following areas:

Cleanliness

Lighting

Air Temperature

Relative Humidity

Dust Control

Ventilation or Exhaust

Noise

Habitat.

Various standards have been defined for thirteen eener~ized work areas whichI are considered representative of the tJpe of work b;ing performed for the Government.

TMs Appendix addresses each environment, defines the applicability of each environ-mental standard to each work area, and provides Ure.aeumeend Wtionale foreach standard imposed.

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15


MIL-sTD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

,..

~ i

The various environmental Ievelsdefined have been imposed to accomplish

the following’:

a. Protect work inprocess from contamination, “

b. Provide environmental standards commensurale with the precisionof the required measurement,

c. Provide a working environment which is conducive to defect freeworkmanship, and

d. Focus attention on the worker asthekeyelemenl in quality production.

30. SOURCE AND DERIVATION STANDARDS’

30.1 Clcanlineas.

n. Requirement summary. Various cleanliness levels have been establishedto provide increasingly severe cleanliness requirements from Class D,which representa the minimum cleanliness level required for personneland plant safety, to Class A, which representsa clean room environment.

Cleanline,ss requirements have be,enassigped to various work areasbased onengineering judgntent and the potential for contaminationof work in-process Rough machining was assigned the lowest clean-liness rcquirensent,’and the requirements ‘were “made increasinglystringent esthe~equiredtoleianketi ”as.tightened, since in general,themore precise’the measurement, ’the greater the’probabilityt hatcontamination,could cause measurement errors. ‘At assembly, themore precise theasserab]y operation, the greater the probabilitythat contamination could cause ascmbly problems (such asaasemblyerrors, binding in completed assemblies, etc.).

b. Requirement source.

1. Fed-S td-2092

2. MIL-STD-12463

c. Analysis. Tables A-l, A-II, and A-R Iprovid eananalysisof the require-ments with regard loclcantiness,and pertinent comments regardingthe requirements.

16

L



17


MIL-STD-1695 [ASI

. .

~,.

13 September

TABLE A-IL

1977

DERIVATIONOF CLEANLINESS LEVELS “

l,lL-sl’c- 1246mkpgy

. . . . ,.,...“.1,1. roe.. )

,00

:50

500

1000

~=)?l

M..,2.$ .1..00

O.oc.al inch)-

Mm

mm

3 x 10’

(9 . 10, )

(3.1 x loll]

70

1s0

70,000

(2.3 x 10, )

(7.2 . 108-

i%%E=[0.01 Inch)

o

0

:20

55am

[1.2. 10’)7

~me,y ~,. ,C-2t2% .iCm” Toly=ay0.05 inch)

0 ,1.,, CM. 0.0001(Cl... A)

0 0.001 ,. 0.0001(CL.” M)

0 0.0s t. 0.00$(Chs. n)

,5 co.,.., th.m 0.0s(cu. c)

(6193

I

d..”l10 . . ..-m

*ch,mi”*g,01., . . . R..*.

(inch,.]

-1rim., cl,.. O.cal

(cl... MA)

Owl ,0 O.CCQ1(Cl... B]

0.01 .0 0.00,(cl... c)

-,.,, thm0.0,

(cl”. 0) I

;,*.,. A-I.

g/ Ik&.,. ii ?ku,t.n%. ‘dula by Lt.+la,lca 0. exi.ph,, - of the .pecifiurinn “*”I,-.,..

18


i.lIL-STD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

19

I



,.

I

I

TABLE A-111. Review of Provisions in “Mini[num Standards forWorking Environments”

WCflK ARCA

Work .,.. I:k.h.”le.l t.br:.. ti.”

r.k..m to0.0, L. (0. 254 -.)

Tol.r..ce !.0.00! in Us. a “.)

Tel. r.,xe toO.OW1 1. (2.54 u.)

Tol. r.r.c. ft.,, th..O.W1 $. (2.54 m)

U.,* ,,” 2&dry OP.,.. io”.

?.1.,.”.. ,.O.ms 1’4 (121 m)

Tol.r.w.. 11.,, ,ba.0.W5 ,0 (,2, “.,

WI-k U“ 1‘1..,1.. G7=*.C,,0M

..;

UOrk A... A,1. clq ad Ii”, Tr.. tiq

work fir” 5!I.ctrar.lc P.,,.

.ork, are. 6.Iybrtd KI.roctr.. it.

work .,.. 7kchmlcd A..,d.1y

Tol .,.X. m0.0s 1. (1.17 61”

T.le.-.nc. ,00.001 i. (2$.4 “.]

T.1...m. ,.0.0001 i. (2.54 m)

1.1. . . . . . f,.., m..0.0031 i. (1.54 “.)

“o,k. A,.. 8,..,.X, LOS A*”

U.rk A,,. 9[m.rt Chemi.. 1 c—nit

-m

,.. D

,.. c

,.. 0

,.. M

,.. 0

,.. c

,.. 8. ..-

,.. c

,.. B

i.. A

1.’.. c

. . . B

,.. M

. . . A

“#I to. type otk. to b.,.C!4.

. . . B

. . . m

Requirement: Cleanliness

COMMENTS ANO JUSTIFICATION

:Ie. ”ii”... .1...,. . . .S,.bli.hed 1. l.bl. A-11. Cl . . . . . of cl,.mli-,... . . . ,,*,,1OM1 ,. ,,. -..”r”ent Pr.. i.lm” required.

k.. VP.. of .re.. .re not .==til. to ttchc control.. k. . .e..lt .m., ,Coc... r.wim.snt. iocld. cl”.t”’ OF... timu. COcd hOu..-cmi.’v.-tie. .PP=r t. be .11 tlut . . . b. w..tic,,l, tied.

kc’crcalc . ..dl. r.q.lrm ..,...1”. .l”.l l”=% CCatrol. m P.-=-:ne.t..t.. cica of. “Wk 1.-P. =... m pr..lud. .old.r.btliry problem.

:l+ili”i.i . .. . .. . . . .i’,.tili’shed i. T.ble A-1!. Cl . . . . . .( c,e.nli-,,,. . . . P, 0P3. C1ON1 m m. .*.*1, L.r.cl.:am r.wlmd.

20


MIL-STD-1695 (AS)13 Septetier 1977

TABLE A-IH. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorking knvlronrrients” (Contmmeci)

Requirement; Cleanline

WORK ARSd I CIJMMSNTS AND JUSTIFICATION I

UO.k k,c. I Ird”an.x A..A1,7.1,, . . . . ,. cl... c AI,lw”.h ..,.,.,. .=w1,=”-M . . . .PP..VI.C= for thl. WXk . . . . b-

0.0s 1. (1.17 d au.. d .iri.wnt hu-idle, re.v:re.=n c.. cJu.l IJ=*. .~M b, ch.1.1., . . . . to cl... B . ..e . . f., Work Am. 7 (-eh.”ic.l .s.-W) l.r the ..” .or.. id.r.-

0.001 t. (13.4 u.) tinr... .Ubje.t to the CLm.tr.l.t. of 000 ~1~~.ml.‘rO1.r..c. ,. CL... M

O.ml 1“ (Z. sb “.1Toler..c. fl.er chs” CL... A

O.caol 1. (2.54 ml

work .,.. 11..,,m...l.l Test,., cl... c sin,. “C..l .1. .nd . ..emblte. “tdercc.i”. .m”tm!me”t.l ,,., are

M-II, .ml.t.v Pm-d. w ..d for .~. i.s- P=..* .--1.i. ●vial..,. Cl... C rePr=.e”t. . ‘“t-dhatmakee,t”,” 1-.1 of c1”di-. . . . .

w.rh .,,. II.r.d,’”’ .nd sm.,.’.

s

. .

21



30.2 !4!!Q!Ka. Requirement summary. Specified lighting values vary fr0m70f00t-

candles to 500 [ootcnndlcs, with the provision for supplemental light-ing where required. The lighting intensity has been found to affectproductivity, error .rate, andoperatorfati~e. Minimum fight intensityvalues have been defined baaed primarily on the precision of the workand the size of the work.


Illuminating Engineers Society Handbooks

Anel”sie. Tables A+V@A-Vprovidea nanalysiS.of therequiremen~c“ *a~toilluminationandpeitinentcornmentaregardingthe

requirements.

. .

22


I


23



0 .-: .0: g

0S13N033S - 3W11

0

24


153 H3N121 LV 03 M31AI S3KJN1 N( 3zrj 133rE0MIL-sTD-1695 (AS)

‘m ~ 13 September 1977m =—

lIIIILI.--I—I— .lllLLL1-1:~2

I I r 1 1 1 1 1.1~

●

✎

.“

I 1/ I1

IJ

Ir

I liI- /(/1rl r A

0-.

“.”. - -q

Ii.

,3UV 30 S31flNlW —3zlS 133fw0

25


MIL-STD-1695 (AS)13

I

1’

September 1977

.TABLE A-V. Review of Provisions in’’Minimum Standards forWorking Environments”

Requirement: L@hting_

WORK ARSA

Werk u“ 5.Ctmmk ?.,..

WOrkA,” 7.Illl.xl Amabl,rdermc. to

O.or in (1.27 -)Tol.rat=,. m

0.001 in (2$.4 u.)ml.,-. t.

0.0001k (1.54 m)T.1.t’.nc. fiur o-

O.oml - (2.5A II=)

WI-k Ar” 10,-.,-. Iuxina .=d?.bticsti- d *-ht.. FYrOtukic., *l!xQLo91.-

70 Cc750 1.)tw t.1m 1.)100 f.200 1,)son c<ma 1X)

70 [C7s0 l-)100 f.100 lx)

%00 f.,100 l.)

10 f.[750 1.)

100 1.1100.1.)

100 1,tl* Ix).

lm f.’Ilw b)

100 f.ltm I.)

100 C,lzca M

500 1.Mm lx)

:$.$

erk t.In.met.

lm c.:1100 lx)

rm f.:!100 w

COMMSNTS ANO JUSTlflCAnON

mm 100 fnmcmdl.. . . me I’.femr.c. for r“df”s ●.M .edtu. “.< .1,ad . ..-1.. that thi. 1. s??licabl. to . . . . . . . . . . .f 0.001 inch. th.8uI.71z7’ r.qtirc=-!s .r. deri+=d b, .c.lti’ th. rd. resxe ..1”. “P“d d-.

,1”,1.. W.r.,ima..xsm ..mir. Iichti!u 1“.1 .qU1..hm, m th.,. f..-al” 1“.1 d IW fOOLc. cdl...

fib - .,” IavE1.u .iximc d Pne... i,., of .-1., .I.lhr .!CM rq.irOenu cm Wrk Are. 3 (“f.mr.c9 1-1 of 103 fonu.ndl”)

26



TABLE A-V. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments’g (Continued)

Requirement: Lighting

WMKam -I COMMSNTS AND JUSTIFICATION

,k A,.. I IA-ably. . . . IIm 1. Ora..c. .“*1, r.q.irnc”c. . . . ,h. ●- . . f., -.h..ic.l...embl.

Ilm 1.1 . . rt,..d. vl.msl rquir-.t. f.. ,h ewr.t.r. Li’httn, C.Wi--

UO,ldna!x. Ir. 1.-,.. . .

0.05 im (1.27 -)Tel...iu-. c.

.1”

too 1. -t. .r. th.r. for. th. . ..o “ r.. WorkAZ.. 7.O.mt t. (M.* u.) , tm 1.)

1.1...8.. w 100 1.O.WO11. (2.s6 u.) 1X4 1.)

7.1.,.=. fla.r th.. 500 1.0. OC.Yl 1. (2.9 “.) Moo 1X)

,0.-, AH. ,

“1

.1roanr.-l T..ttw lW f. l%%. “ark .,.. 1.”.1.,. d,n. ..,c.bl, ,.q. i.a...t...*,u r“din,.1ma 1=) ad .idlar .Cti.lti.,.mu ,.1.,,=. 1“.1 d m 10om.cdl..

.pw.r. .pp,.pri. t..

U.zk AZ.. t]

,adli”, .d seer.’. 70 1. 11.ndlios,md .tmr.,. oc eever.d - w=~s~ i,- ~=. IWt ‘*w1l*,,U7 ,., U.h .i.u.l ..s,,,. ther.for. tb. .l.19cM Iish,ln, rqulcmmt. .r.

27



30.3 Air temperature.

a. Re&irement summary. Air temperature requirements vary fromestablished limits for human tolerance, which are applicable in areaswhere process controls esteblish product quality, to highly restrictedtemperature limits which are required to assure measurement preci-sion. intermediate values, applicable to operations where the operatorexerta a direct influence on product quality, have been defined basedon consideration of operator comfort, static electricity, and potentialfor corrosion.


1. MIL-STD-14729

2. MIL-HDBK-52’0

3. Fed-Std-209

4. ASHRAE Standard 55-74’1

c. Analysis. Tebles,A-VI and A-VII provide “ananalysis of the requirementswith regard to air temperature arid pertinent com m“ents regardingthe requirements.

I

. .

28


MIL-STD-1695 (As)13 September 1977

29



No (43.3)r I I I I I

IOE(42.2). —

05(40.6)

mof37.f3t

13-I-II95 (--

90(32.2)

e5 (29.4)

80(26.71

75 (23:9)

70(21.1)

64.5(18.11

63 (17.21

I60 (15.6) I

I I I I Io 10 30 50 70 90 100

RELATIVE HUMIOITY, PE=NT

FIGURE A-4. Tolerance Limits, Adapted FromMIL-STD -1472

. .

30


85(2’”4)t--m2c-


g’ %w5)’s% 77.6 [2”5. 4)a.

~ ,~(24,4)

m ?5 12Z9 ]

$+2.er227i

~ 72.6(22.5}= 71.5(21.9)

70(21.1)

66.5 (19.2

65 (18.3] o

R~A71VE HUM IOITY, PERCEm

FIGURE A-5. Per60nnel Comfort Limits(~-1472)

31



RELATIVE WM lD~ , PERCENT

FIGURE A-6. Personnel Comfort Limits

(Modified to Account for Humidity Effects onEquipment snd Work hs-Proces.s)

32

L


XIL-STD-169S (AS)13 September 1977

TABLE A-Vii; Review of Provisions in “Minimtim Standards forWorking Environments”

Requirement: Air Temperature

WOSK ~RSA I I CCNAMSNTS ANO JUSTIFICATION

7U.rk.,<.I

KMmic.1 F.brie.tlam,.l., . . . . ,. NO,. II

0.0! *“ (0.256 -.)I.1.r.nc. m u.,. II

O.CQI 1. (is. a “.)T.1.,.”Z. t. N.,. ,2

0.0001 t“ (1.5, “.1101. c..c, ft... cInm 6S-73.1-?

0.0001 1“ (2. >4 “.) (2C-24.C>

Work ., u, 1o“cdr, Gvr.timl.101., . . . . to Not. ,1

O.ms 1. (1>1 “dTel. r..zc. Cl-c than lb,. 11

O.ca> in (127 v=)

work Are. 11..,1.. OP.r.tie”. N.,. 11

.O,k Are L1.,1.’ .nd net Tr=. rt”, not. 1>

“0’k Am. >,&c, rOnl. F.,,; not. 12

“mk A..?. 6

ybrld !l$erocircult. Not. 12

usrk Are. 7Ikchankal A..-bl,

T.1..-...e t. N.,. ,,0.0> i“ (1.21 -1

T.le,u.ee c. NO,. ,,0.001 i. (1s.4 “d

Tol.r. =x. m n.,. ,2O.OCQ1 1. (1.3* “m)

rd=r.=c. tI..r ch. 68-7s.2. ?O.WU1 i. (1.$4 m) (2C-24.C)

Work A.” 0r..?e.tfen Are.. M-l to

CM cmS{ “nrk ub. in..P,ccd.

“..-k Are. 9.[..,, CO-1..1 e..”, no,. t I

?,.p. r.t 1.. .d ..,.+4,

d. 101H...’.. 11”., ,k,, 0.0c”31t“ch. For m.vmtlbillc, “tth bothKIL-M18x->1 .nd Fti.s, d-209. the .P,,.P,,. L, 1!.1,. .PP,.. ,0 be68 t. 75-F.

. . Mf.rmlced not..: “0,. I I L.v.k. ?18.,. A-5. M.,. 12 i“v.ke.ris.r. .-6. Not. 11 ,.”0,., Ft&”r, A-L (.w.li..ble to Work A,”.z. 4. .,!d 13).

IThi. “Ork .,,. 1. co”,,.11.d co th. .’= 11.1,.a. !i.rk ..,. t

IC-.1..1 P-c.-1., 1. .-!,,.11- co CIU “- 11.1,. . . Wrk N,. 1.

I. .

33



.TABLE A-VII. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments” (Continued)

Requirement: Air Temmrature

WORK ARE.t

“0,. A,.. i“,. W,., 1-. “,.,.. “.+

r.brl. mtio” .( rr4.p#.l-1..,.. Frrote.h. i,... . . .. ..1..1”..

..,, A,.. 8t,d”.”c. . ..”bl.

T.1.,.m. c.0.05 1. (1.1? -)

‘rOl<r..c. t.o.mt t. (15. * M

T.l.,. n=. t.0.nOOt i“ (1. >6 M

Tol...mc. f 1“.r =!,..cl.almt i. {1. - “.)

we,, ..<. 12 ,swim...i. i r...,..

““r, .,.. I >hdl ,., .“d s<.,.,.

.

-m

, ,2

. ,,

, ,,

. 12

75.2-T.24*C1

. !(””

. 1]

COMMSNTS ANO JUSTIFICATION

,,o,.dr.,.. ad ..,1..,... mor..ll, rewire .1o.. h“.ldlt, control,, ,”” .1.1., .“d ,rnce..l. c. mu.. ,,”.,, 6-6 ,...kd b, Not. 12. i... . .,,,09 ,1”,..

,,.0””.1 .O.rort .“d . . .. U.=.=” L peel. 1.. .re th. ..” . . f., other)ch”.,,.l ..,-11 .”. ,,.,. (=.,. (h. tq. r..-.r. rewire.rnt. (or,rk Ar.. II . . . !h. ..” . . for Wurk Are. 1.

le.. h“.tdt c, .=-d .1’<el.-d ..-11.. 1. “O* m.x..ll, zeq”:rdh,r.fm. the ..-foct to”. .1 Tlt”rt A-5. In”.k.d by lb,. 11. 1.wr.vri. te.

.!. 11, .P$ar .0., .Pprc+rl. t..

—

34

..



30.4 Relative humidity.

a..- . . . ...—– .—. . . .—. %.. –.,..- -..—.,.:. ..- —...,- .— -—.- -—..--->

b.

c.

nemnrement summary. nemuve numm]ty requirements are oaseaon the MIL-STD-1472 recommendations. For critical applications,where corrosion or static electricity can be a problem, the Hmitshave been revised downward to 30 to 70 percent. Clean roomhumidity limits are based on MIL-HDBK-52 and Fed-Std-209 rec-ommendations, while ordnance manufacturing requirements arebased on the requirements of DoD 4145.26M.

.,.

‘Requirement source.

1. MIL-STD-1472

2. MIL-HDBK-52 ,.,.

“3. Fed-Std-209

4. ;DoD4145.26M

Analysis. Tables A-VIII and A-IX provide an analysis of the require-ments with regard to humidity and pertinent comments regardingthe requirements.

35


.YIL-STD-1695(AS)13 September 1977

36



,.

WORK ARSA

TABLE A-IX. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments”

Requirement Relative Humid

“.,, AC” t:.u.,c.1 F.brie.tiooTel. r-. w

0.01 ,. (.3.1X dTol.r . . . . m

0.001 i. (25.4 m)ml., . . . . t.

O.ocal 1“ (2.3A u.),.l..- . . . . fin.. th..

0.0001 i. (2.3* u.)

..,, A,” 2W4”dq OP...cm..101...=!.. m

0.005 in (127w)T.s.r.m. fln.r chm

0.m5 1. (127 ,.)

Work A,” 31.. [1.. Cver.,lm..

“ark k,.. 4‘1.,in’ .4 u“, Ire.ci.,

Ue,_kA,” 7ttiic.1 M*8=41,

T.1.r.mx t.0.0s In (1.21 d

ToIu*w, co0.001 1. (13.L m)

,,1.r.nc. ,0O.oml b (1.5* u.)

T.l.r . . . . finer th..O. MU! i. (Z. M u.]

work h,-- B

InsPectica Are..

“m’kA.-” 9r.e. c Clld..l c--c

P,w.ac.tim andA$.==bl)

Wa.kA,” 10.?.CW,*C1OU,H1814 .nd

?.briC.tiOn .1 PrOv.l-1..,.. ?Yrocecllr.lc.,.~W1O.1”9*

CQMMSNTSANOJuSTIFICATION

.idit, i. co.c.olld 1. .ccn,d,m. with IIRU,U A-5. A-6. ad MIL-U.-52.

R.q”;,.=.ti . . . the “=0 . . f., Work A,” 1.

rt”m. A-6, hl.h 1. cha .PV1lCAbl. WP d ta9.r.turs .k..l. ?.’-..,..,.. Ix,ddit, d so m 10X. Iool.d . ...* “I-1. h-,~*cY •~1~b. C.OUCdhd t. CISIIW limit. .bon14 M m..rd b, P=... -.w=-

tiolu [... no!. l).

II

37



TABLE A-lX. Review of Provisions in’’Minimum Standards forWorking Envmonments’r (Continued)

Requirement: Relative fiumidi

WCflK “IIRu b--rl WMMSNTSANOJuSTIFICATION.,;. . .

-rk Are. ,,hdm.lc. *.*1,

7.1.,.”.. t..0.05 1. (1.1, d

?01.,.=. t.0.001 in (23.4 w)

rd...mc. c.0.0001 1. (1.34 u.)

Tol.raa.x rim, ,km0.0008 c. (1. X w)

II

I Ivm.-, A,.. ,*

h.ir-td r.. ti.’ I 0-9m “eqsir-nt 1. ,“ ..mrd. ”.. “Irh ?1,.,. A-S.

WOrk As-” !3WILW d Smr.’. >Iox “.q., r.-.c 1. m .Cc.rd.”c. with rig.,. .-4.

II,., . ..

.,

38



30.5 Dust control.

a. Requirement summary. Dust control is a companion requirementtocleanlines.s (see 30.1). Dust control requirements vary from nocontrol for Class D cleanliness levels to clean room dust control re-

quirements for Class A cleanliness levels. Dust control requirements

for intermediate cleanliness levels have been selected to controlairborne particulate matter in direct relation to thecdlowablepro-duct cleanliness classes.


1. ASHRAE Standard 52-761s

2. Fed-Std-209

Anat sis. Tables A-X, A-XI, A-XII and A-XIII provide aSndysisc“ *~uirementswithregudtodustcontrolandpertinenfcom-

merits regarding the requirements.

I

39


MIL-STD-1695(AS)

13 September 1977

40


MIL-STD-1695 (As)

13 september 1977

I

41


MIL-STD-1695 (AS)

13 SePtetier 1977

1’ :

TABLE A-X1lI. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments”

W@lK ARSA

km-k Are9 tmk. ‘cd ?.b, k., ionT.1-aOc. [.

0.01 1. (0.154 dT.1.,.ra. t.

0.001 In (13.4 Idr.k.x. t.

0.0208 c. (2.34 u.)Tol,r.mc. t1m8, cbll

0.0001 1. (1.34 u.) 11... D

1... D

1... c

1... s

Work Arem Z

a-ad- *.eta..‘rO1.ramc.cm cl... o

O.m> am (121 u,)ml=-. fimu ,bm cl... c

O.ms in (117 u.)

Wrk At’” 4r.,lma d k, Tr”tl.1’ cl... c

UOrk u’” 5I-crmlc r..,. cl... c

W.7.kh. b . .. ..

Jbdnl.,car+” . : cl..! A, ;

‘a”.

cu..cu.

cu..

D’

c

n

A

-Lcm. D

CU.* c

cl”, m

Cl... A

.

Requirement Dust Control

SOMMSNTS AND JUSTl#lSATION

lust mtr.1 ..quiroerm. d. me., mPPUr f“.lbl. f., cM. work r“.

kc.... of (ha COlm . . . . . in.ol.cd. .1dm.1 d-t .Or!trol 1. mwi.ed.:Ia.. c mvur” .1. flltr.mlm. *i.h b .Vprn?rlat..

El”. c cl-line.. r.q=%rm!u. .n”14 mol’-ll, Mquir. no d.. t c=.cr.lhe”-... .hce 4“., ea. .“=0 dew-i. Phtllu b.thn. .Ir. ti A*C.Cscml i. Im7vidd.

CIA. n .1=9.llM.. req.irocm. Hwlr. cl... c d..t .-C..1 (...r.bl. A-X11).

c.”., Ccatfol >quirtit. ..le.t.d In .C.ord.n.?..ith r.bl. A-X11.

cl... M .1...11.. . . r.q”tremer.,. Hquim CIA.. B d.., .0”,,.1 (.==I.bl. A-X11).

42



TABLE A-XIII. Review of ProVisions in “Minimum Standards forWorkinp Environments” (Continued)

Requirement Dust Control

WORK AuEA I m- ANCi JUSmFICAllON

W.-k Ar... l2‘~

,1.—,.1 T.. ct., cl... D cl... C reqo%,-t. r.qulr. - dust .=ntrel (... T*l., A-XII).

lh,k Are. 11Uiti., .md at...,. cl... c cl... C...l,irie.e.. r.q.,,e.=.c. -Id n.x”ll, mwir. - 6n.t c-tr.l.

-“, ,0 pm”ent cr.mt.r .f dirt 1.,. CL. ..--.. “t*risl b.1.lsbu.il.d .sd .,...4 .!J-M b. Pr.met. d lm= ,ro.. cor.t”i!=-.i=-.ch.. c dut .catr.l .w+r. .d.wt..

,..

..’

. . .

43

1’



30.6 Ventilation or exhaust.

a. Requirement summary. Ventilation requirements cOntrOI air mOve-

ment only to th e extent that drafts are prevented and noxious ortoxic fumes are exhausted. Compliance with the air temperaturerequirements provides an adequate level of ventilation.


1. MIL-STD-14’/2

2. 1976 ASH RAE Systems Handbook’ 8

c. Analysis. Tables A-xIV and A-XV provide an analysis of the requirements with regard to ventilation or exhaust and pertinent commentsregarding the requirement.

I

I ;

44

I



45



TABLE A-XV. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Stsndards forWorking Environments”

m..”..:......-”.. ,,-”.{l. +;..” . . m“h”..”~

“WORK AREA , COUM9ATS AND JUSTIFICATION

,11 kc. 0 V.a,lhtloa .rtt.ri.. . . &flnd i. *CO 8, .r. comid.rd co b..wlic.bl. f., all’ ldubi,ed mrk ..”s.

46



30.7 Noise.

e. Requirement summary. Noise limits have been established for allwork areas. The least critical areas have been specified to agree~iti ~SH* limits I 3 (9o dBA). Permissible noise levels We re-

duced es required operator concentration and skill requirements areincreased.


Occupational Safety end H&lth Act.

C. Analysis. TablcSA-XVI Srld A-xvHprotide &n@Yeis of the require_ments with regard tonoise amlpertinent comment.s regarding therequirement.

47



I

48



12

r

SINGLE NOISE LEVEL REGIME

1’ ““

FK3UREA-7. Single RW ession AnslySisof Error Responsesby Rsns eof Nelse LeveI

I

I49



,501, . ..i I . ...’ ,., , I LQUIET 7DdB 90dB “QUIET TOd9. SOU8

CONT. INTERMIT. CONT. INTERMIT,

A-AN AUOITORY VIGILANCE TASK-THE MOST OIFFICULT ONE. S DIS-CRIMINATEOA PURE TONE (400 HZ) AMONG 4 OIFFERENT TONES.

S-A WORO RECOGNITION TASK OF MEoIUM DIFFICULTY. S REACTEOTO ONE TRIGRAM(OOC)AMONG 401FFERENT TRIGRAMS.

C-AN EASY VISUAL ANO AUOITORY REACTION TIME TASK. S REACTEOTO A VISUAL’ANOAN AUOITORY STIMULUS ANO OISCARLXO ANOTHERVISUAL ANO AUOITORY STIMULUS.

... ,,. . . .. .

TNE NOISE WAS THE SAME IN”ALL 3ExPERIMENTS 70dB WHITECONTINUOUS NOISE ANO 90d9 vARIEO INTERMITTENT NOISEi .

FIGURE A-8. Effect.s of Noise on PerformanceLevel cs a Wnction of ‘hsk D’lfflcurtj--

. .

50



TABLE A-XVIL Review.of Provisions innMinimum Standards. forWorking Envwonments”

Rnm,i,oment. Nml.ca

51



TABLE A-XVII. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorking Environments” (Continued)

Requirement: Noise

wORK ARSA k9.iwuTl -MS?4TS AUO JUSTIFICATION

52


MIL-STD-1695 (AS)13 Septetier 1977

30.8 Habitat.

a. Requirement summary. Threelevelsof habitat are defined. Thefirst iswhere no food, drink, orpersonal ~mmingareaUowed: thesecond is where no food, drink,. peraonal grooming, or smoking areellowed; and the third precludes theintroductionof food, cosmetics,or smoking materials into the work erea. Selection of the appropriatelevel is based on engineering judgments regarding the potential forcontaminating work in-process.


Fed-S td-209

c. -. TablesA -XVIIIa ndA-XIXp rovidem.analysisof the require-ments with regard to habitat andprovide comments regarding therequirements.

,’

53


I


54


MIL-sTD-1695 (AS)13 September 1977

I

TABLE A-XIX. Review of Provisions in”Minimum St8.nd~ forWorlang k‘nvwonments”

RecmiremenC Habitat

Wnnll AREA 1 I COMMEWI% ANo JU9TIFIIXTiON :

55


MII,-STD-1695 (AS)

13 September 1977

I

TABLE .A-XIX. Review of Provisions in “Minimum Standards forWorlung k.‘nvmonments’r (Contmued)

Romai.c=m.=nt. u.t.it. t.--” . . . . . . . . . . . . ..g”. ..A.

WORK AREA I COMMSNTS 4N0 JUSTIFICATION

Uark k.” 11 Iran.=. tiel,Tol.,ac.?. C. Ch. D w%.-.. wmd to w th. _ . . mqnimd 10Z Work Ar” 7. 8wk1

0.0S h (1.27 d “E.riab . . . Prc.hfbi,d .t .11 time. b, M 4145.2(4!.

film--- co cl”. c0.001 in (n., m)

m18ra.k. to Cla.. B

0.0001 1. (2.S4 km)‘msu-. tlw, tk Cla.. A

O.ml b (2.54 II,)

I



30.9 Additional considerations.

30.9.1 Reduced environmental limits. A number of instances can be envisionedwhere the provisions derived herein are not eppticable, such es a need for reducedambient lighting levels when using optical comparators, when using light-diiectedcomponent insertion equipment, and when viewing TV monitors or X-ray films,and a need for restricted humidity levels when assembling thermal batteries.Some provision must be made to permit the supplier the freedom to developalternate environmental limits when warranted for valid engineering reasons.Note 1 has thus been included, which reads as folfows:

Note 1. ,,The requirements listed herein repreSent Mini MUM requirements fornormal manufacturing operations. Suppliers who are required to comply withthe provisions herein and who may have special processes, such as X-ray, videodisplays or light directed component insertion equipment, etc., may develop re-duced environmental limits under the following conditions:

a. A vafid engineering requirement exists for the reduced fimit, end

b. The reduced limits are documented (including the reaama therefor)and subject to control and audit in the same manner as the remainingrequirements listed herein, and

c. Such revised environmental ti mits, the reasons theref or, and the man-ner of control are subject to approveI of the Government contractingof ficer.”

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

40. REFERENCES

MIL-Q-9858A, Quality Program Requirements, 16 December 1963.

Fed-Std-209B, Clean Room and Work Station Requirements,Controlled Environment, 24 April 1973.

MIL-STD-1246A, Product Cleanliness Levels and ContaminationControl Program, 16 August 1967.

DoD 4145.26M, DoD Contractors’ Safety Manusd for Ammunition,Explosives, and Related Dangerous Materisl, October 1968.

1SS Lighting Handbook, Fifth Edition, Published by the Illumin-ating Engineering Society, 345, E. 4.7th Street, New York,Ny 10017 (1972). (Many of the recomntendetions in the I=Lighting Handbook have been included in ANSI Standard A1l.1-1,973. )

57



6.

7.

,,

8.

9.

10.

11..,

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17:

18.

Energy Conservation Applied to Office Lighting, by Ross andBaruzzini, Inc., NTIS Report PB-244154, April 1975.

Productivity of Keypunch Operators, by Phillip C. Hughes, GenerslElectric Co. (An expanded copy of the report was printed inElectrical World, June 15, 1975.)

The Hygenic Basis of Standards of Illumination. Types of VisualFatigue, by J. V. Kravkov, NASA Technical Translation, ReportTT-F-16,006 (1945).

MIL-STD-1472B, Human Engineering Design Criteria for MilitarySystems, Equipment and Facilities, 31 December 1974.

MIL-HDBK-52, Evaluation of Contractor’s Calibration System,7 July 1964.

ASHRAE Standard 55-74 (ANSI B192;1-76), Thermal EnvironmentalConditions for Human ‘Occupaqg,, Am,eiican,S6.Cietj Of Heating,Ref rigefatfng, and Ah+%ndltiomng Engineers, Inc., 345 E. 47thStreet, New York, NY 10017 (1974).

NASA SP-S076, Contamination Control Handbook (1969).

Protection of Electronic C6mponerits’ from Static Electricity,by W. A. Marsh, Systems Consultants Incorporated TechnicalReport SC1-76-TR091, 21 Aprit 1975. “ ““

Electrostatic Discharge in Microcircuits,, Detection and Pro-tection ‘Techniques, by A. C. l%igonisjJet Prcphlsion Labora-tory, 18 January 1975.

ASH RAE Standard 52-76, Method of Testing Air Cleaning Devicesused in Generaf Ventilation for Removing Particulate Matter,American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers, Inc., (1976).

MIL-STD-282, Filter Units, Protective ‘Clothing, Gas-Mask com-ponen~ and Related Products:” Performance-Test Methods(28 May 1856).

Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Seventh Edition,T. Baumeister, Ed., McGraw-HiU Book Company (1967), pp 12-142.

ASHRAE 1976 Systems Handbcok: .American Society of Heating,Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (1976).

58 I



19. Occupational Safety and Health Act, Williams-Steiger OccupationalSafety and Health Act of 1970, PL 91-596, 29 December 1970.

,20., Effect of Noise on the Performance of a Memory-Decision-ResponseTask, by B. W. Lawton, Langley Research Center, NASA TechnicalNote TN D-6675 (1972).

21. Psychological Consequences of Exposures to Noise, Facts andExplanations, by Edith Gulina, Proceedings of the internationalCongress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, 13-18 May 1973.

22. Handbook of industrial Noise Management, by R. K. Miller, TheFairmont Press, Atlanta, GA (1976), pp 101-113.

,.

I

59


1’

STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL I OMB ADW...INo. 22. R255

NSTRUCTIONS: The L..m.ose of this (on!! is to s.alici! be..[i.i.l .omm.. is which will help ..hi. v. pr.a.. r.-. ..! .( ..it. bl. prnducls .t w.scm. blc cost and minimum delay, or will .Lh.rwisc =nh. nc. .s. of the docum.. c)oD contr.cmrs, government .cti. iti... or mi...l..l.rws) vmdom who .m prospective .Uppli.m of tie product,re in.i(.d t. submit comment. !. the g.. crnmc.t. Fold . . Ii... . . reverse mid.. .t.ple i. comer. ..d se.d 1.Ir.Dui.F. .cti.ity. Cmnu.cnL. s.bmiued . . this form do . . . co. stitut. ., imply .uth.rizmi.m 1. w.ive ..Ymrtio. O( the referenced do.um.. t(s) .r 1. .m..ci conlr.ct..l tquirmmnts. A!:.ch ●.Y perlin..l d.t. which!.y be d use in improving th,is. doc.mcnl. 1( [hem .rc additio..l p.pera. .tt.ch to f.nz -d place MU! i. ann..!op. .ddrcms.d !. prep.rt.s ..tiviw.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

Naval Air Eng iieer ing CenterPOSTAaC AIIO FE- ●AIO

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Lakehurst, NJ 08733 ~,

OFFICIALausutlusPCIIALTV FOn PRIVATE “SE SW

:,, . Engineering’ Speci’fi&a”tions and Standards Department’ (Code 93)Naval Air Engineering CenterLakehurst, NJ 08733

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