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1 A student carried out an experiment to investigate the combustion of candle incontainers of different sizes as shown in Figure 3.1.

(a) State the variables involved in this experiment.

Manipulatedvariable:

Respondingvariable:

Controlledvariable:

Container X

Beginnin

gEnd

Container Y

Beginnin

gEnd

Container Z

Beginnin

gEnd

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(b) Based on Figure 3.1, record the time taken for the candle to burn in

different containers.

Container Time taken for candle to burn (s)XYZ

(c) Based on the table in (b), draw a bar chart to show the time taken for thecandle to burn in different containers.

(d) Based on the bar chart in (c), what can be said about the time taken for thecandles to burn?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

(e) State one inference from the experiment.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

10

20

30

2

40

Timetakenforcandle

toburn

(s)

Container

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FIGURE 8.1

(f) State the relationship between the size of the container and the time takenfor

the candle to burn.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

(g) A student drilled some holes on a container as shown in Figure 3.2. Inwhich container will the candle burn the longest? Circle the correct answer.

P Q R

3 A student carried out an experiment to study the relationship between

resistance and current. The below figure shows the arrangement of

apparatus for the experiment.

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1 2

5 10

FIGURE 8.2

The procedure of the experiment are as follows:

Step 1: The circuit is set up using a 1 resistor.

Step 2: The switch is closed and the brightness of the bulb is observed. The

ammeter reading is recorded.

Step 3: Step 2 is repeated with a 2 , 5 and 10 resistor respectively. (a) State the variables in the experiment.

Manipulated variable: .

Responding variable: .

Fixed variable: .

(b) Figure 8.2 shows the reading of the ammeter when different resistors areconnected to the circuit.

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Resistance

( )

0

Current(A)

0.

30.

2

0.1

0.

4

0.

7

0.

6

0.5

0.

8

1.

0

0.9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

CompleteTable 8.3 by recording the readings of the ammeter as shown inFigure 8.2.

Resistor ( ) 1 2 5 10

Reading of ammeter (A)

(c) State the relationship between resistance and the current flowingthrough the circuit.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________(d) Using Table 8.3, draw a line graph of current against resistance.

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(e) What can be said about current and resistance?

____________________________________________________________________________________

(f) Based on the graph in (e), predict the ammeter reading when the

resistance is 8 .

___________________________________________________________________________________

(g) State the relationship between resistance and the brightness of the bulb.

_____________________________________________________________________________

______

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. A student carried out an experiment to study the effect ofsurface area on the

evaporation of water. Three

equally damp filter paper, P, Q and R are left to dry under the same condition as

shown in Figure 4.1. P is left

unfolded, Q is folded into halves and R is folded into quarters. The time taken forthe filter paper to dry is

shown in the table below

Filter Paper Time taken for filter paper to dry (s)P 200

P Q R

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Q 320R 450

a. State the variables in this experiment.

Manipulated variable: ..

Responding variable:..

Controlled variable:..

b. State the hypothesis for the experiment.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

c. Using the table draw a bar chart to show the time taken for filter paper P, Q

and R to dry.

40

0

10

0

20

0

300

2

Timetakenforfilterpaperto

dry(s)

50

0

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X Y Z

(d) Based on the bar chart in (c), what can be said about the time taken for the

filter papers to dry?

__________________________________________________________________________________

____

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(e) State one inference from the experiment.________________________________________________________________________________

______

________________________________________________________________________________

______

(f) State the relationship between the surface area of the filter paper and the

time taken for the filter paper to dry.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

(g) 50 m of water is poured into each of the three different containers, X Y and Z as shown in Figure 4.3. The three containers are left under the sun.

(h) (i) In which container will the water evaporate the fastest?

_____________________________

____________________________________________________________

Filter paper

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(ii) Explain your answer in (g)(i).

_________________________________________________________________________________

_______

_________________________________________________________________________________

_______

5. A student carried out an experiment to study the effect of volume of liquid on the

amount of heat as shown in the

figure

F G H

The thermometer reading on the twentieth minutes in :

Conical flask F

Conical flask G

(a) State the variables in the experiment.

Manipulated variableResponding variableControlled variable

(b) State one inference from the experiment

..,

Thermomet Thermomet Thermomet

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(b) Based on the figure record the reading of each thermometer on the 20th

minutes in conical flask F and G in the table below

`

Temperature

(oC)

Conical Time (min)

flask 0 10 20 30

F 98 88 68G 98 82 56H 98 78 60 40

(d) Based on the Table 8.2 plot a temperature versus time graph to show the effect ofvolume of liquid on the amount of heat of the liquid. for conical flask F andG.

(e) Based on the line graph chart in (c) , what can be said about the effect of volume of

liquid on the amount of

heat of the liquid.

(f) Based on the graph predict the temperature of liquid in conical G on the 25th

minutes.

Conical flask G : ......................

Temperature(oC)

Time (min)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

100

01 2 3 4

Cornical flask

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(g) State the relationship between the of volume of liquid on the amount of heat ofthe liquid.

..

.,.(h) Based on Table 8.2 and the graph in (c), what is considered as the operational

definition for the amount ofheat ?

.

.

6. The diagram below shows two cars with different colour are driven on hot day.

i)Based on your observation in the diagram, state the difference of hotness in car A

and B.

.

ii) What inference can be made based on Car A and Car B

.

.

..

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iii) State one hypothesis based on your observations in Diagram 8.1.

.,.,.,

.

.

b) A student carried out an experiment to investigate the situation in Diagram

8.1.Diagram 8.2 shows an experiment to determine the colour of surface which affect

the absorption of heat. After 15 minutes,the reading of thermometers are observed and

recorded.

Diagram 8.2

Thermometer A Thermometer B

(i) Record the thermometer readings in the table below

Surface Temperature oCBlack paint

Aluminium paint

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c) Based on the readings in the table draw a bar chart to show the reading of

thermometer with the different

colour of surface.

temperature/oC

suhu

Black Aluminium Colour of

surface

d) State the variable involved in this experiment.

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Constant variable

e) Why is it advisable to wear a white colour clothes on a hot day?

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f) Based on Diagram 8.2, state the operational definition of absorption of heat.

..

1. (a)

Manipulated variable: Containers of different sizes

Volume of air in the container

Responding variable:

Combustion of candle

Time taken for candle to extinguish

Time taken for candle flame to go off.

Length of time a candle burns

Fixed variable: Type and size of candle(s)

Type of candle

(b)

Container Time taken for candle to burn (s)

X 15.0 s

Y 28.0s

Z 40.0s

(c)

10

20

30

2

40

Timetakenfor

candletoburn(s)

Container

X Y Z

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(d) Candle can burn longer in container Z which contains more air. A candle burns longer in a larger container. Time taken for candle to burn depend on/affected by the size of the

container.(e)

Bigger container contains more air that allows longer burning period Candle takes a longer time to extinguish in bigger container compares to

smaller container. Candle extinguishes faster in smaller container in relation to bigger

container. A candle will burn longer in a larger container because there is more

oxygen.(f)

As the size of the container increases, the time taken for the candle to burnalso increases

(g)

P Q R

2(a)

Manipulated variable:The value of resistance

Responding variable:The value of electric current

Ammeter reading

Fixed variable:Number of dry cells/ type of resistor

(b)

Resistor () 1 2 5 10

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0.3

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.8

1.0

0.9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

x

x

x

x

Reading of ammeter (A) 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3

(c) As the resistance increases, the current flowing through the circuit decreases.

The higher the resistance, the lower the current flowing through the circuit. The lower the resistance, the higher the current flowing through the circuit.

(d )

(e) The amount of current depends on the value of resistance.

(f) 0.38 A

(g) As the resistance increases, the brightness of the bulb decreases

The higher the resistance the dimmer the bulb.

The brightness of the bulb decreases when the resistance increases

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4(a)

Manipulated variable:Surface area of filter paper

Size of filter paper

Responding variable:

Rate of evaporation

Time taken for evaporation of filter paper to take place

Rate of water evaporation

Controlled variable:

The surrounding temperature

The environmental condition/ temperature

Air movementHumidity

(b) The larger the surface area, the faster is the rate of evaporation of water.

The smaller the surface area, the slower is the rate of evaporation of water.(c )

40

0

10

0

20

0

300

2

Timeta

kenforfilterpapertodry(s)

Filter

a er

50

0

P Q R

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(d)

Filter paper R takes longer time to dry compares to P and Q. Filter paper P dries faster than filter papers Q and R. The filter paper with the largest surface area dries up the fastest.

(e)

The rate of evaporation of water will increase if the exposed surface area offilter paper increases.

The rate of water evaporation depends on the size of the surface area.(f)

As the surface area of the filter paper increases, the rate for the filter paper todry also increases

Filter paper with larger surface area takes shorter time to dry. Filter paper with smaller surface area takes longer time to dry. The larger the surface area of the filter paper, the faster is the time taken for

the filter paper to dry.(g) (i) Container Y / Y

(ii) Larger exposed surface area of water evaporates faster.

Rate of evaporation increases when the surface area of water exposedincreases.

Because Y has the largest surface area.

5 a Manipulated variable : Volume of waterResponding : water temperature

Controlled : size/type of conical flasks/type of

thermometer / time taken o conduct the temperature

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

b Water temperature of the smaller/lesser volume decreasing

faster / Volume of water causes the final temperature of

water

1 mark

C

d

F : 78 C C (77 79)

G : 70 C C (69 71)

all point correct

smooth straight line

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

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e Conical flasks F (high volume of water ) contain more heat /

higher temperature / conical flask H more faster water

temperature decreasing o / on the other way round

1 mark

f 63 0 C (62 0 C- 64 0 C) 1 mark

g The greater the volume of liquid , the greater the amount ofheat stored.

1 mark

h The reading of temperature 1 mark

6

8 a i)Car painted black/B give a hotter feeling compare carpainted white/A.

ii)Colour of car influence the hotness inside the car.

iii)Black surface absorbs heat better than white surface

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

b 75oC

55oC

1 mark

1 mark

c Scale correct

Bar chart -correct

1 mark

1 mark

d Manipulated variable = colour of surface 1 mark

Conical flasks

Conical flasks

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Responding variable = Reading of thermometer

Controlled variable = distance of heat source to each surface

1 mark

1 mark

e Besause white colour is a poor absorber of heat 1 mark

f The increasing of temperature. 1 mark