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Pluralul substantivelor

prezentare

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  La plural, substantivele primesc de regula

terminatia “-s”. 

flower – flowers; book – books; cow – cows

Fac exceptie substantivele terminate in:

“-s”, “-z”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh”, care primesc terminatia“-es”. 

Bus – buses; box – boxes; bench –benches;

Brush – brushes; buzz- buzzes 

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Observatie

Substantivele terminate in “-o” fac pluralul indoua moduri, in functie de vechimea pe careo au in fondul limbii engleze.

Cele vechi primesc terminatia “-es”: potato – potatoes; tomato – tomatoes.

Cele mai noi, precum si cele terminate in “-o”precedat de vocala, au terminatia “-s”: piano –pianos; radio – radios; mosquito – mosquitos.

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Reguli de ortografiere la adaugarea terminatiei “-s” 

1. Substantivele terminate in “-y” precedat de o

consoana transforma “-y” in “-ie”: 

Family  – families; country  – countries

2. Substantivele terminate in “-f” si “-fe” le transforma in

“-ves” la plural:

Leaf  –

leaves; wife  –

wives; knife  –

knives; life - lives;shelf - shelves

Exceptii: roof – roofs, handkerchief - handkerchiefs; cliff – cliffs

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Substantive cu plural neregulat

Man – men (policeman – policemen etc.)

Woman – women (policewoman – policewomen etc.)

Child – children

Mouse – mice

Ox – oxen

Tooth – teeth

Goose - geese

Foot – feet

Die - dice

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Substantive de origine greaca

Cele terminate in “-sis” fac pluralul in “-ses” 

Axis – axes (axa – axe)

Crisis – crises (criza – crize)

Basis – bases (baza – baze) Oasis – oases (oaza – oaze)

etc.

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Alte substantive de origine greaca

Phenomenon – phenomena (fenomen – 

fenomene)

Criterion – criteria (criteriu – criterii)

 

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Substantive cu aceeasi forma la singular si plural

Fish – fish

Fruit - fruit Sheep – sheep

Deer – deer

etc.

 

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Substantive nenumarabile

La fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de

tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuniabstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile:

Water, coffee, silver, iron, happiness, joy etc.

 

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Alte substantive nenumarabile

Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si altesubstantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in

engleza nu.

Bread => a loaf of bread (o franzela , o paine); twoloaves of bread (doua paini)

Chocolate => a bar of chocolate (o ciocolata); threebars of chocolate ( trei ciocolate)

 

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Alte substantive nenumarabile

News => an item/a piece of news (o stire),two items/pieces of news (doua stiri);

Lightening => a flesh of lightening (un fulger);

Furniture => a piece of furniture (o mobila);

Advice => a piece of advice (un sfat)

Soap => a cake of soap ( un sapun), twocakes of soap (doua sapunuri);

Money = bani

 

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Atentie!

Substantivele nenumarabile se acorda cu

verbul la singular si nu admit numerale infata lor!

The news is good.

GRESIT: I have a good news.

Your money is here.

GRESIT : Your money are here.