Plumer - Cover Crop Termination

7/29/2019 Plumer - Cover Crop Termination

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Mike PlumerConservation Agriculture

Oregon Ryegrass Commission

Cover CropControl, weed suppression, management


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Be able to spray when needed!!

Be ready to spray no matter what conditions

Target cover crop growth stage to meet yourneeds

Nitrogen

Root growth

Weed control

Consider multiple herbicide applications Not always need, but be prepared

Consider non glyphosate control options


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GPS

Foam marker


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Walking axles


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Use good equipment, controller, monitor, mapping, records


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Cover Crop

Spring Burndown Management

Plan on date/growth stage to kill

Smaller easier to kill, less mulch

Later, concerns over wet soils, dry soils, getting a

crop stand

Match herbicides to cover crop

Plan on 2 herbicide applications

Know your planters limitations


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Plant growth stage

Vegetative is easiest to kill

First joint starts grass reproductivedevelopment

Second joint starts head development

Herbicides have reduced translocation

Plant will try to head

Crowns may not be controlled/ latent buds Developing lignin in stem

Nutrient tieup and slow decomposition


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Plant growth stage

Boot stage

Very poor time to spray, plant will head

Head may have viable seed

Flowering stage

After pollen drop, easier to kill plant

May still make viable seed

Milk stage of seed, can mechanically control cereal rye(95%+)

Mowing crimping greatly decrease plant development


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Herbicide translocation Issues

in Spring

only works when plant is actively growing

Need sunny days

Above 50 degree temperature

Cold weather means spraying morning to earlyafternoon (night temps < 40)

NO triazines in mix

Use additives AMS or other like products

10 gallons water/ acre for glyphosate


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Cover Crop Mixes

Remember you have to control them in the

spring

May complicate control due to different

growth stages

Mix according to what soil needs

Remember plants compete for light, space

and water which is limited


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Annual Ryegrass

12


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Sept. 30th seeding 20#/a 2 different varieties

Different maturity, up to 30 days different


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Ryegrass spilled 9-16 as of Nov. 18


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Not all herbicides work well to kill cover crops in cool weather15


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Spring Management

Annual ryegrass is easiest to kill pre-joint

Jointing occurs at 7-10 in height

Warm weather greatly increases control

Date varies with location and season

Early control;

maximizes nitrogen release and decompositionrate

makes easier planting, conserves moisture


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Ryegrass control

Utilize Roundup Ready crops for easycontrol of escapes

Different varieties will respond differentlyto herbicides

Annual ryegrass is easy to kill at flowering

But may set viable seed Residue will decompose very slowly


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Time of day glyphosate

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

9am 4pm

WeatherMax

Wm +citricacid+ammonium

sulfate

Temperatures 60 day and 40 night

3 replicationsPlumer, U of Il


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Varieties

There are over 48 different varieties

Seed size will vary between varieties

There is a large variation in emergence andestablishment between varieties

Blends of varieties is very common


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Variety Blends

Blends may not be identified

% of varieties in blend may change

Blends may emerge at different times Blend can be used to get some stand when

variety needed is not known

Blends are frequently cheaper Blends can be harder to control


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Annual RyegrassHerbicide trial

treatment

gly51 22oz 9.7

gly 51 32oz +2,4-D 16oz 10

gly 51 32oz + calisto 7oz 6.3gly51 32oz + Prowl H2O 3 pt 10

gly51 32oz + resolve 2 oz. 10

gly51 32 oz + Basis 1 oz 10

gly51 32oz + Balance Pro 4oz 10

gly 51 32 oz 10

LSD 0.05 0.6

Control at 36 das

Plumer, U of Il.

Sprayed at 1st to 2nd joint stage, mid April, 6 reps


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Ryegrass Herbicide Control

Gramoxone Inteon 3 pt 78%

Gramoxone Int / Aatrex /Princep 3 pt/2 qt/1 qt 85%

Round-up W.MAX 22 oz 98%

Round-up W.MAX / Degree Xtra 22 oz/3 qt 86%

Steadfast .75 oz 47%

ClearOut 41 plus 1 qt. 93%

ClearOut 41 plus 1.5 qt 98%

ClearOut 41 plus /Basis 1.5 qt/.33 oz 98%

R.Hines, M.Plumer


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0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

80

90

100

SelectMax Clearout

41+

WeatherMax

Jackson

Bounty

Tam 90

Angus 1

% control Sprayed April 16, all varieties jointed, rating 30 days after spraying

Variety

Select Max at 12 0z/a Clearout and Weather Max at 1.22#ai/a

T l 21 d


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Taylor 21 dasrating: 1 failure- 10 complete kill/(1st-2nd node)

Select 6 oz (recommend 12+oz now) 6

Glyphosate 32 oz 8*

Assure 8oz 2Glyphosate 32 oz (ams) 9*

Glyphosate 32oz/atrazine 32oz 7

Poast Plus 24 oz + COC 4

Glyphosate 32 oz/princep 32oz 9*Application April 17,,, cold conditions

*Si . .05


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Herbicide trial-vegetative growth

Clear Out 41+ 3 pt./a 98

Weather Max 32oz./a 98

W.Max+ Degree Xtra 22 oz3 qt./a

86

Gramoxone Inteon 3pts/a 78

Clear Out 41+Basis

3pts2.5

98

Gramone Inteon

Atrazine+simazine

3pts/a

2qt+ 1qt

89


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What we learned in 2011

Cold weather is a problem

Wet conditions can stress plant to reduce

control

Dont spray translocated products at boot

stage

Plan on 2 applications with all herbicides

Can use contact herbicides + follow up systemic

spray


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Difference in maturity of 2 annual ryegrass varieties

Adjust herbicide rate and selection to compensate


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Annual ryegrass at heading at boot stage cereal rye headed


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Control and stage of growth

Boot stage of growth is the most difficult tocontrol

must use full rates

Use AMS with all glyphosate, to avoid water pHissues

Use full rates of fertilizer with all post grassproducts

Fully headed is easier to control but mayproduce viable seed


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Split applications work best with ryegrass at boot stage


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Intense ryegrass pressure will injure corn

Gramoxone Inteon + Bicep


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Cornfield after treatment with Accent


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Problem with escaped ryegrass in wheat


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Hairy Vetch

Planting date

July 16th? to Oct 1

Spring Control

2,4-D very effective

dies easily after flowering (variety determines date)

VF-1 April 15

TNT May 10th

Groff May 15 Date determines nitrogen produced

Roundup not very effective early


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Hairy vetch seeded July 23rd, as of

Oct 28

Vetch was bud stage in late December,

100% winter killed by March

Produced 209#/a nitrogen


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37Stage of growth to kill by rolling/crimping


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Red Clover

(consider alsike clover)

Soil moisture management

getting growth before planting corn

voles and more voles

Getting it killed

Gramoxone, atrazine mix, dicamba, 2,4-D

Glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D + atrazine mix 1 week

later

38


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39Crimson Clover is easier to control


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Annual ryegrass and crimson clover


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Annual ryegrass with vetch and crimson clover 5 days after herbicide application

3pts glyphosate (1.22#ai/a) plus 1 qt 2,4-D


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Oilseed/forage Radish

Mutch, MSU 42

Oil seed radish

Daikon radish

Tillage Radish


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Radish, annual ryegrass and hairy vetch

What needs spring control?


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Hairy vetch and radish planted September 15th

Notice winter damage on radish


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Radish residue, no control needed


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Cereal rye

Many varieties being developed for weed

control

Suppresses winter annual weeds

Stops glyphosate resistant mares tail

Must seed at 60-80#/a for excellent control

Only affects corn in wet, cold conditions

Can be managed with nitrogen in furrow, starter

or 50#/a broadcast at planting


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Cereal rye control

Fairly easy

Glyphosate (.75#/a) 1 qt. 41%

Gramoxone + atrazine mix

Crimping/mowing at pollination

N i d l i l f


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Notice weed control in rye on left

no winter annuals

52


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Serious mares tail population

R e seeded at


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Need a stand of rye

This seeded at 35#/a in December


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60#/a Rymin rye with red clover


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Cereal rye at 60#/a plus 15#/a crimson clover

Note-no mares tail


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60#/a cereal rye, mowed at pollination

-----2 weeks later no mares tail


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Rye at pollination, only time to get good control

by crimping ave. 95+%


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Drilling and crimped

Or crim ed and drilled?


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Waited too long to apply nitrogen

Cereal r e too mature nitro en tieu

L t Pl ti i t


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Late corn Planting into

Mature cover crops

Tmt Yield in bushels/acre

Bare soil 88.8

Cereal rye- full headed 101.7

Annual ryegrass headed 104.7

Annual ryegrass boot stage 110.2lsd 0.05 13.6

Late planted June 3rd

Nitrogen limited to 98#/a

No-till corn no starter

Corn on corn

Low nitrogen rate to show cover crop effectPlumer , 2011


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Plan ahead, manage your cover

cropsMike Plumer

Conservation AgricultureOregon Ryegrass Commission

Documents

Plumer - Cover Crop Termination