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Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain BuildingMountain Building
GPH 111GPH 111
Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game Mountain Building Game
plan:plan:
Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game Mountain Building Game
plan:plan: Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and
PangeaPangea
Major Plate BoundariesMajor Plate Boundaries
Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields
Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains
Stress and Strain – Folding and FaultingStress and Strain – Folding and Faulting
Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and PangeaPangea
Major Plate BoundariesMajor Plate Boundaries
Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields
Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains
Stress and Strain – Folding and FaultingStress and Strain – Folding and Faulting
ContinentContinental al MovementMovements:s:Pangea to Pangea to Now…Now…
Super-Super-Continent Continent CyclesCycles
ContinentContinental al MovementMovements:s:Pangea to Pangea to Now…Now…
Super-Super-Continent Continent CyclesCycles
Continental MovementsContinental Movements
Australia - the fastest moving continent, 6.5 cm / yearAustralia - the fastest moving continent, 6.5 cm / year
•Convergent Convergent
•DivergentDivergent
•TransformTransform•Hot Spots – Hot Spots – not technically a boundary, not technically a boundary,
but cool and interesting none the lessbut cool and interesting none the less
Major Plate Boundaries…Major Plate Boundaries…Major Plate Boundaries…Major Plate Boundaries…
Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary• Continent – ContinentContinent – Continent, Continent – , Continent –
Ocean, and Ocean - OceanOcean, and Ocean - Ocean
Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary• Continent – Continent, Continent – Continent, Continent – Continent –
OceanOcean, and Ocean - Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean
Mariana Trench - 35,802 feet deep at the deepest, this is where plates dive into the mantle. That is 8 tons per square inch…
Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary• Continent – Continent, Continent – Continent – Continent, Continent –
Ocean, and Ocean, and Ocean - OceanOcean - Ocean
Divergent Plate BoundaryDivergent Plate Boundary• Mid-Ocean RidgesMid-Ocean Ridges
Generates new ocean sea floor over time - driven by convective currents.
Divergent Plate BoundaryDivergent Plate Boundary• Mid-Ocean RidgesMid-Ocean Ridges
Mid-Mid-Atlantic Atlantic RidgeRidge
Divergent Plate Divergent Plate BoundaryBoundary
Oldest ocean Oldest ocean floor ~180 floor ~180 million years million years
Divergent Divergent Plate Plate BoundaryBoundary
Transform BoundariesTransform Boundaries
San Andreas Fault San Andreas Fault
Think:Think:Balloon on Balloon on a string…a string…
Hot Hot SpotsSpots
Hawaii
Columbia Plateau and Yellowstone
Hot Hot SpotsSpots
Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:
Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields
Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains
- Convergent Boundaries- Convergent Boundaries
- Fault Block Mountains- Fault Block Mountains
- Isostatic Mountains- Isostatic Mountains
Terrain Accretion and Continental Terrain Accretion and Continental ShieldsShields
Plate Tectonics and Mountains Plate Tectonics and Mountains
- Convergent Boundaries- Convergent Boundaries
- Fault Block Mountains- Fault Block Mountains
- Isostatic Mountains- Isostatic Mountains
Continental Continental ShieldsShields
Older nucleuses that younger crust (objects like Japan)
adheres to are called continental shields and the process is called terrain accretion
Plate Convergence MountainsPlate Convergence Mountains
Isostatic MountainsIsostatic Mountains - - SuperstitionsSuperstitions
Mountains Uplift as they are eroded… Basins depress as
they fill…
Continents behave like wooden blocks in water…
Isostatic Isostatic MountainsMountainsIsostatic Isostatic MountainsMountains
Old volcanic center erupted 18 million years ago, and collapsed on itself, and then rebounded into the current mountain range
http://discoverourearth.org/student/isostasy.html
Superstition Mountains
Fault Block MountainsFault Block Mountains
Nevada, US
Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:Plate Tectonics and Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building:Mountain Building:
Stress and StrainStress and Strain
FaultingFaulting
- Normal Fault- Normal Fault
- Reverse Fault- Reverse Fault
- Strike Slip Fault- Strike Slip Fault
Stress and StrainStress and Strain
FaultingFaulting
- Normal Fault- Normal Fault
- Reverse Fault- Reverse Fault
- Strike Slip Fault- Strike Slip Fault
Stress and StrainStress and Strain
StressStress - force on the rock; StrainStrain - the resulting response
Tension
Compression
Shear
My Snickers
Types of FaultsTypes of Faults Your Snickers
a.
b.
c.
Slide #1
a.
b.
c.
Slide #2
a.
b.
c.
Slide #3
a.
b.
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Slide #4
Things to Know:Things to Know:• Alfred WegnerAlfred Wegner and his early proposal of and his early proposal of Continental Continental
DriftDrift, but known today as , but known today as plate tectonicsplate tectonics• The The energy sourceenergy source that drives that drives plate tectonicsplate tectonics• The name for the most recent super continent, The name for the most recent super continent,
PangeaPangea• The major plate boundaries: The major plate boundaries: convergent, convergent,
divergent, and transform, and also hot spotsdivergent, and transform, and also hot spots• Continental shieldsContinental shields and and terrain accretionterrain accretion• Three ways to generate mountains: Three ways to generate mountains: convergent convergent
plate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Blockplate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Block • The difference between The difference between stressstress and and strainstrain• Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a
ductile or brittle fashion ductile or brittle fashion • The major fault types: The major fault types: normal, reverse, and normal, reverse, and
strike slipstrike slip (be able to diagram them) (be able to diagram them)Help: Chapter TL