PLASMA T.V.

BY:MANISHA SINGH

DEFINATION

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display.

They are called "plasma" displays because the pixels rely on plasma cells are fluorescent lamps.

General characteristics

Plasma displays are bright (1,000 lux or higher for the module) They have a very low-luminance "dark-room" black level compared to the

lighter grey Plasma displays use as much power per square meter  Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright scenes

drawing significantly more power than darker ones Typical power consumption is 400 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) screen. 200

to 310 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) display when set to cinema mode.  Panasonic has greatly reduced power consumption ("1/3 of 2007 models")  The lifetime of the latest generation of plasma displays is estimated at

100,000 hours of actual display time, or 27 years at 10 hours per day. Plasma display screens are made from glass, which reflects more light

than the material used to make an LCD screen.  Currently, plasma panels cannot be economically manufactured in screen

sizes smaller than 32 inches. Though considered bulky and thick compared to their LCD counterparts,

some sets such as Panasonic's Z1 and Samsung's B860 series are as slim as one inch thick making them comparable to LCDs in this respect.

MERITS Slim profile Can be wall mounted Less bulky than rear-projection televisions Wider viewing angles than those of LCD; images do not suffer

from degradation at high angles unlike LCDs Less susceptible to reflection glare in bright rooms due to not

needing backlighting Virtually no motion blur, thanks in large part to very high 

refresh rates and a faster response time, contributing to superior performance when displaying content with significant amounts of rapid motion

PIXEL SHIFTINGPixel shifting is a method implemented by plasma TV

 Manufacturers that prevents static images (e.g., station bugs, videogames) from causing image retention and burn-ins. The entirevideo frame is moved periodically (vertically and / or horizontally) so there are effectively no static images.

The firmware on some high end Samsung plasma TVs moves the video horizontally and vertically so many pixels every minutes.[

 Some TVs even allow the user define the number of pixels moved and their interval.

Pixel shifting is sometimes used with other burn in prevention methods like screen saver or power management functions.

A technique which increases the true resolution of devices such as digital microscopes by moving the CCD by fractions of a pixel in the x- and y-directions is also called pixel shifting[2].

DEMERITS

•Heavier screen-door effect when compared to LCD .Generally do not come in smaller sizes than 37 inchesHeavier than LCD due to the requirement of a glass screen to hold the gasesUse more electricity, on average, than an LCD TVDo not work as well at high altitudes due to pressure differential between the gases inside the screen and the air pressure at altitude. It may cause a buzzing noise. the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) from these devices can be irritating or disabling

HISTORY

In 1936 Kálmán Tihanyi described the principle of "plasma television“. The monochrome plasma video display was co-invented in 1964 at the 

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by Donald Bitzer. Electrical engineering student Larry F. Weber became interested in plasma displays

while studying at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the 1960s, and pursued postgraduate work in the field under Bitzer and Slottow. His research eventually earned him 15 patents relating to plasma displays. One of his early contributions was development of the power-saving "energy recovery sustain circuit", now included in every color plasma display.

In 1983, IBM introduced a 19-inch (48 cm) orange-on-black monochrome display (model 3290 'information panel') which was able to show up to four simultaneous IBM 3270 terminal sessions.

In 1992, Fujitsu introduced the world's first 21-inch (53 cm) full-color display. It was a hybrid, the plasma display created at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and NHK STRL.

In 1994, Weber demonstrated color plasma technology at an industry convention in San Jose. 

RESOLUTIONFixed-pixel displays such as plasma TVs scale the video

image of each incoming signal to the native resolution of the display panel.

The most common native resolutions for plasma display panels are 853×480 (EDTV), 1,366×768 or 1,920×1,080 (HDTV).

As a result picture quality varies depending on the performance of the video scaling proce1024×1024

1024×7681280×7681366×7681280×10801920×1080

How plasma displays works

A plasma display panel is an array of hundreds of thousands of small, luminous cells positioned between two plates of glass.

Each cell is essentially a tiny neon lamp filled with rarefied neon, xenon, and otherinert gases.

the long electrodes are stripes of electrically conducting material that also lie between the glass plates, in front of and behind the cells.

In a monochrome plasma panel, the gas is usually mostly neon, and the color is the characteristic orange of a neon-filled lamp 

A small amount of nitrogen is added to the neon to increasehysteresis. In color panels, the back of each cell is coated with a phosphor. Every pixel is made up of three separate subpixel cells, each with

different colored phosphors. One subpixel has a red light phosphor, one subpixel has a green light phosphor and one subpixel has a blue light phosphor. These colors blend together to create the overall color of the pixel.

How plasma display works Image burn-in occurs on CRTs and plasma panels when the same

picture is displayed for long periods of time. This causes the phosphors to overheat, losing some of their luminosity and producing a "shadow" image that is visible with the power off.

Plasma displays also exhibit another image retention issue which is sometimes confused with screen burn-in damage.

In this mode, when a group of pixels are run at high brightness (when displaying white, for example) for an extended period of time, a charge build-up in the pixel structure occurs and a ghost image can be seen.

Plasma manufacturers have tried various ways of reducing burn-in such as using gray pillarboxes, pixel orbiters and image washing routines,

Nitrogen trifluoride, cited as a very potent greenhouse gas, is used during production of plasma screens, which are therefore alleged to contribute to climate change.[34][35] Plasma screens have also been lagging behind CRT and LCD screens in terms of energy consumption.[36] To reduce the energy consumption, new technologies are also being found.[

MANUFACTURERS OF PLASMA Panasonic Corporation (formerly Matsushita) Samsung Electronics LG Electronics Gradiente Lanix ProScan Fujitsu Sanyo Funai Sony Hitachi Ltd. Philips Vizio Toshiba RCA NEC Pioneer Corporation

PLASMA TV

PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL

widescreenVideo material produced in wider aspect ratio than the standard TV ratio (4:3, or 1.33:1).

widescreen material is presented on DVDs in either anamorphic or letterboxed format. . 

The most popular Aspect ratio (AR) for widescreen is 16:9 and is also commonly referred to as 1.78:1 or simply 1.78 

Movie titles however, normally use a widescreen AR of 2.33 or 2.35. 

Source AR Even though most widescreen sources have an AR either narrower or wider than 16:9, they're generally encoded to fit into a 16:9 Frame in order to display properly on a widescreen TV. This may result in black borders being added to reach the appropriate Resolution or the edges of the frame being cropped.

To form a color with RGB, three colored light beams must be superimposed Each of the three beams is called a component of that color, and each of them can have an arbitrary intensity.The RGB color model is additive in the sense that the three light beams are added together, and their light spectra add, wavelength for wavelength, to make the final color's spectrum.

Zero intensity for each component gives the darkest color (no light, considered the black), and full intensity of each gives a white. When the intensities for all the components are the same, the result is a shade of gray, darker or lighter depending on the intensity. When the intensities are different, the result is a colorized hue, more or less saturated depending on the difference of the strongest and weakest of the intensities of the primary colors employed.When one of the components has the strongest intensity, the color is a hue near this primary color (reddish, greenish, or bluish), when two components have the same strongest intensity, then the color is a hue of a secondary color (a shade of cyan, magenta or yellow).The RGB color model itself does not define what is meant by red, green, and blue colorimetrically, and so the results of mixing them are not specified as absolute, but relative to the primary colors.

RGB HISTORY

Physical principles for the choice of red, green, and blue      

A set of primary colors, such as thesRGB primaries, define a color triangle.

The choice of primary colors is related to the physiology of the human eye.

The normal three kinds of light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in the human eye .

POKEMON DISPLAY ON PLASMA

Thanks to the sleek and slim design of plasma TVs, you can install a 42-inch plasma TV on your wall, likely freeing up considerable floor space an older, bulkier television once occupied. Decorate the wall around the TV to incorporate it into your décor. This may include disguising the TV, accessorizing it or making it the focal point of the room.

DECORATE WALL WITH PLASMA

THANK YOU