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Plasma, Alternative Energy, Remediation, Energy
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wastenotIOWAPresents
“Waste Not WithPlasma Arc”
“Waste Not WithPlasma Arc”
wastenotIOWAA Non-Profit 501(C)(3)
Iowa Corporation
Goals
Eliminate The Need For Landfills In StateReduce Solid Waste Effects On The Environment
Harvest Energy & By-Products From Waste
LandfillsLandfillsLandfills
Waste Energy!Waste Energy!U.S. Energy Act Of 2005 Recognizes MSW as A Renewable Energy Source– Energy In U. S. Solid Waste Is Nearly 10
Times That Available From Wind Power– Enough Energy In Yearly Waste
To Match 25 Nuclear Energy Plants
Waste Land!Waste Land!Increasingly Difficult To Site
Harm the Environment!Harm the Environment!Largest U.S. Human Contribution to Methane EmissionsLiners Eventually Leak, Resulting In Leaching
• It Works By Passing An Electric Arc Current Through Ionized Gas• Creates An Arc That Has Temperatures Hotter Than The Sun. • Any Kind Of Substance In The Arc Is Broken Down Into:
− Clean Gases That Can Be Used To Generate Several Forms Of Energy− Inert Slag That Can Be Safely Reused
What if there were a technology..
Plasma Arc Can Do All Of That & More:
• That Could Transform Organic Waste Into Clean Gas Used To Produce Energy?• That Could Transform Any Inorganic Waste Into Inert Glassy Stone?
What is Plasma?PLASMA is generated by ionizing a gas, either by heating it to a high temperature or by passing high-energy electrons through it. Examples:
PLASMA is generated by ionizing a gas, either by heating it to a high temperature or by passing high-energy electrons through it. Examples:
LightningLightningStarsStarsFluorescent Fluorescent BulbsBulbsNeon SignsNeon SignsWelding ArcsWelding ArcsMetalMetal Cutting Cutting TorchesTorches
Plasma Arc Torch
UpstreamElectrode
Downstream Electrode
Cooling Water
DC Voltage
AIR
AIR
Plasma Arc Pushed Out by Air (>4,000oC)
Plasma Arc
Plasma TorchA Mature Technology
Late 1800’s: Plasma Arc Heater Developed For Metal Industry
Early 1900’s: Plasma Heaters Used In The Chemical Industry
1950’s: Plasma Arc Cutting & Welding
1960’s: Used To Simulate Heat Of Spacecraft Re-entry
1990’s: Plasma Arc Utilized In Steel Mill Operations
1991: Plasma Research Facility Founded at Georgia Tech
1998: Plasma Municipal Solid Waste Plant Operational In Japan
Today: Used in Industrial Plants Worldwide– Chemical Industry– Metallurgical Industry– Waste/Environment Industry
Basic Plasma Treatment Configurations
Plasma Arc Treatment
Plasma Arc>3,0000C
ElectrodesSolid Waste
Plasma Arc Generated In A Torch BodyArc Pushed Out Of Torch, Forming A Plume>3,0000C Plume Applied To FeedstockProduces Syngas & Slag
Plasma Arc Formed Between Two ElectrodesSolid Waste Passed Through ArcProduces Syngas & Slag
Plasma Torch Treatment
Solid Waste
Torch
Plasma Plume>3,0000C
GasGas
Slag
Not an Incineration Process!
Plasma Torch Treatment of Solid Waste
Inert Vitrified Slag
(Reusable)
CleanSyngas
~1100oC
Heating Value ~ 280 BTU/SCF
PlasmaTorch
(MultipleTorches Around the Cupola)
Slag Tap
Solid Waste
Not an Incineration Process!
Oxygen-StarvedCupola/Chamber
Dissociation/Vitrification of MSW
Slag Out
InorganicMSW In
OrganicMSW In
C + 1/2O2
C + H2O
CO + H2OCH4 + H2OCl2 + H2
SyngasOut
CO2
CO + H2
CO2 + H2
3H2 + COH2 + 2HCl
Typical Syngas Composition
CO30%
Hydrogen42%
Nitrogen17%
Acetylene0.2%Oxygen
0.3%
Ethylene0.1%
CO2
8%
M ethane3.2%
Other<0.1%
Vitrified Slag
Waste Types Handled by Plasma Technology (From Recovered Energy, Inc.)
Can Handle All Waste (Municipal, Medical, Hazardous, Toxic, Electronic, etc) Except Nuclear Fission RodsWaste Exposed To Plasma Heated To >2,000°CInorganic Material Melted/Vitrified Into Reusable Glass-Like Slag (Classified as Inert by EPA, EU)Organic Compounds Dissociated Into Simple Molecules– Hydrogen – Carbon Monoxide– Carbon Dioxide– Water Vapor– Nitrogen– Methane
The Key is High Temperature & Oxygen-Starved Chamber
Plasma Arc Technology:Ideal For Waste Treatment
Clean SyngasAcid Gases
Readily Neutralized
Syng
as
Slag
H2O
Syngas1100oC
Syngas150oC
Steam
Steam
Electricity
ElectricityTorches
Waste
Generating Electricity
Heat Exchanger Scrubber
GasTurbine
SteamTurbine
.
Cupola
Electrical Energy From High Temperature MSW ProcessesH
igh
Tem
pera
ture
Tec
hnol
ogy
Kilowatt Hours
Electricity To Grid Per Ton
816
571
544
685
685
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Incineration
Conventional Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis/Gasification
Convention Gasification
Plasma Gasification/Vitrification
Plasma Gasification:Plasma Gasification:
A Green TechnologyClean Syngas
Inert Slag
A Green TechnologyClean Syngas
Inert Slag
SlagComponent
EPA Permissible
Concentration (mg/l)
Plasma Measured
Concentration (mg/l)
Arsenic 5 <0.1Barium 100 <0.5
Cadmium 1 <0.02Chromium 5 <0.2
Lead 5 <0.2Mercury 0.2 <0.01
Selenium 1 <0.1Silver 5 <0.5
Plasma Gasification:Utashinai Plant Environmental DataPlasma Gasification:
Utashinai Plant Environmental DataEmission Parameter Units
U.S. EPA Limits
From Plasma Reactor
Dioxins/Furans NgTEQ/dscm 0.20 <.05
Particulates Mg/dscm 34 <10
HCL Gas ppmv 15 4
NOx Gas ppmv 103 80
SO2 Gas ppmv 3.1 2
Typical Power Plant Air Emissionsa
Typical Power Plant Air Emissionsa
FUEL CO2 SO2 NOX
MSW Incineration(1) 2988 0.8 5.4Coal(1) 2249 13 6Oil(1) 1672 12 4Natural Gas(1) 1135 0.1 1.7MSW Plasma Gasification(2) 1419 <1.0 <2.0
(1) Based on EPA Data(2) Based on Empirical Data
x
Air Pollutant Emissions(Pounds per MWHr)
a Information Supplied by Lou Circeo, Phd, Georgia Tech Research Institute
2,888
2,249
1,6721,419
1,135
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
MSWIncineration
Coal Oil MSW Plasma Natural Gas
Power Generation Process
Pounds of CO2 Per MWH of Electricity Produced
Poun
ds o
f CO
2/MW
HWhat About CO2?
Mercury Emission ComparisonsMercury Emissions
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Coal-Fired UtilityBoiler
Landfill GasVent Systems
MSW WTEIncineration
St. Lucie PlasmaPlant
(Contracted)
Gas
eous
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/m
3 )
Plasma Gasification:
Cost Effective Clean Renewable Energy
Representative Cost/Revenue
Product Revenue/Ton …… $43.44Share of Tipping Fee ……. $23.00
Gross Income ……… $66.44Operating Cost/Ton ......... ~$50.00
Net Revenue/Ton …. ~$16.44
Operating Energy = 100 Kwh Generated Energy = 1016 Kwh
Operating Costs ~ $50.00/Ton(Includes Amortization of Capital)
916 KwhAvailable Energy @ $0.04= $36.64
100 lb300 lb
@ $0.05/lb= $5.00
@ $0.006/lb= $1.80
Starting Energy
SyngasTreatment
Syngas
~1100oC
Turbines,Etc.
Metal TapSlag Tap
PlasmaTorch
One Ton of Typical MSW
Cedar Rapids
Plasma Solid WasteTreatment Demonstration
CR/LC Solid Waste Agency
Landfill Site 1
Tepa/InEnTecPlasma TreatmentDemonstration Unit
Tepa/InEnTecPlasma Gasification Unit
Tepa/InEnTecTepa/InEnTecPlasma Gasification UnitPlasma Gasification Unit
Locations Using/Planning Plasma Gasification/Vitrification
GM Plant, Defiance, OH (Melting Metal Since 1988)Utashinai, Japan (Working MSW Successfully Since 2002)Several Incineration Ash Treatment FacilitiesTwo Medical Waste Treatment FacilitiesOttawa, Canada (Completed, Producing Electricity Plus More)Marion & Cedar Rapids, Iowa (200 TPD)St. Lucie County, FL (To Be 600 TPD)Midland, Michigan - Completed(Dow Corning Plant, Hazardous Waste, Producing Steam)International Falls, MN (150 TPD, Feasibility Phase Underway)
Ottawa Demonstration FacilityBuilt By Plasco Energy
Ground Breaking, September 18, 2006
Completed Facility, June 24, 2007
100 Tons/Day Capacity100 Tons/Day Capacity
Ottawa (Plasco) Plasma Facility
1.4 Megawatt-hours Of Electricity300 Liters Of Potable Quality Water7-15 Kilograms Of Metal5-10 Kilograms Of Commercial Salt150 Kilograms Of Construction Aggregate5 Kilograms Of Agricultural Fertilizer
Products
RECAP: International Falls, Minnesota
150 Tons Per DayOverall Project Development Leadership by Laurentian RC&DMany Private & Government Entities are Members of the TeamHave Secured About $14,000,000 of the $30,350,000 Required For ConstructionPlanned Plant Completion is 2013Now in Project Feasibility Analysis
Minnesota State
$10,000,000
County/Private
$10,000,000U.S. Federal $10,350,000
Funding Profile
See Website www.lrcd.org, Click on Renewable Energy, Then RECAP
PyroGenesis’s PAWDS
Carnival Cruise Line’s M/S Fantasy
Plasma Arc Waste Destruction SystemInstalled On Carnival Cruise Liner In 2003Typically Treats 5 Tons Of Waste Per DayEmissions Much Less Than EPA or EU LimitsInert Slag Can Be Deposited In OceansNavy Is Exploring Its Use On Aircraft Carriers
Plasma Gasification:Not Only
MSW To Electricity
But Many Feedstocks & Products
Plasma Gasification:A Variety of
Feedstocks & Products
Feed Handling & Storage
SyngasCooling &Cleanup -
Conversion Process(es)
CooledCleanedSyngasPlasma
Gasification/Vitrification
Waste
Coal
Petcoke
Biomas
Bitumen
Slag
CO2
H2S
FEEDSTOCKS PRODUCTS
Aggregate
Metal
Bricks
Rockwool
Electricity
Steam
Methanol
Ethanol
Hydrogen
Biodiesel
SteamSteam
Syngas
Hot WaterHot Water
Plasma Slag Wool
Feedstock
Syngas
PlasmaReactor
Loose PlasmaSlagwool
Spinner
MoltenSlag Tap
Products• Blow-In Insulation• Hydroponics Media
Loose Plasma Slagwool
What About Coal?
Feed Syngas to Coal-Fired Plant…
Electricity
Syngas150oC
Syngas1100oC
Electricity To Run Torches
SteamH2O
Heat Exchanger Steam Turbine
Syng
as
Slag Torches
Waste
Cupola
Or…
Or…Feed Steam…
Syng
as
Slag
H2O
Syngas1100oC
Syngas150oC
Electricity
Torches
Waste
Heat Exchanger
GasTurbine
Electricity To Run Torches
Steam
Or…Feed Both Syngas & Steam
Syng
as
Slag
H2O
Syngas1100oC
Syngas150oC
Torches
Waste
Heat Exchanger
Steam
Better Yet…
Plasma Gasification Instead Of Coal-Firing(Still Need to Sequester CO2)
Plasma Gasification Of Coal
wastenotIOWAWaste Handling Hierarchy
Most Favored
Least Favored
Assumed
Can Handle All Waste Organic Material Becomes Clean Energy-Rich GasInorganic Material Becomes Inert Slag/Glass
Plasma Arc Technology:Ideal For Waste Treatment
Environmentally Safe Environmentally Safe
Supports Energy RecoverySupports Energy Recovery
Provides Economic OpportunityProvides Economic Opportunity
“Plasma-Arc technology addresses two of the world’s biggest problems –how to deal with solid waste and the energy needs of our communities” . . .
“This is the end of the rainbow. It will change the world.”
-- Chris Craft, County CommissionerSt Lucie County, Florida
“GROWING POPULATIONS. INCREASING ENERGY DEMANDS.
A FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT.”
“MOUNTAINS OF WASTE, MOUNTAINS OF ENERGY”
- From Plasco Energy
Some Locations Planning Plasma Gasification Of MSW
Ottawa,CanadaOttawa,Canada
Fort Riley.Kansas
Fort Riley.Kansas
MichiganMichigan
Marion/ Cedar Rapids,
Iowa
Marion/ Cedar Rapids,
Iowa
St. Lucie County,Florida
St. Lucie County,Florida
International Falls,Minnesota
International Falls,Minnesota
IllinoisIllinois
MilwaukeeMilwaukee
Yamhill CountyOregon
Yamhill CountyOregon
Port Hope,Canada
Port Hope,Canada
Syng
as
Slag
SlagRemoval
Torch
RefractiveAfterburmer
Water ReturnFrom UserHot Water
To User400o F
120o F
CleanSyngas
ParticulateRemoval &
Final Cleaning
HeatedWater
Generation
MSW,Ash, etc
Proposed Marion/Cedar Rapids, Iowa Configuration
Proposed Building
Site on 3.5 to 4.5 Acres
All Equipment is Enclosed
Waste is Enclosed
Includes a Public Showroom
Site on 3.5 to 4.5 Acres
All Equipment is Enclosed
Waste is Enclosed
Includes a Public Showroom
Courtesy Plasma Power, LLC- “A Solid Solution for Our Changing Energy Needs”Courtesy Plasma Power, LLC- “A Solid Solution for Our Changing Energy Needs”
SummaryPlasma processing of MSW has unique treatment capabilities unequaled by other waste treatment technologiesIt may be more cost-effective to take MSW to a plasma facility for energy production than to dump it in a landfillPlasma processing of MSW in the U.S. could:– Significantly reduce the MSW disposal problem– Significantly alleviate the energy crisis– Reduce the need for landfills
Plasma processing of MSW has the potential to supply ~5% of U.S.electricity needs - Equivalent to ~25 nuclear power plantsCan create more renewable energy than the projected energy from solar, wind, landfill & geothermal energies combinedWhen fully developed, it may become cost-effective to mine existing landfills for energy production & land restoration
Contact Information
Thank You!
wastenotIOWA, Inc.
www.wastenotiowa.org
Dennis Naughton, President [email protected] 329.631.2110Ed Mulholland, Vice President [email protected] 319.899.4207Charlie Kress, Treasurer/Spokesman [email protected] 319.377.5055Erik Miles, Secretary [email protected] 319.377.5926Brent Harstad [email protected] 319.393.2330Don Leonhart [email protected] 319.393.1936Dow Prouty [email protected] 310.393.6672John Vernon [email protected] 312.377.0452
