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Plants“Flowers”
Plants“Flowers”
6th Grade Science
4th Quarter
6.L.1
6th Grade Science
4th Quarter
6.L.1
The Plant Kingdom
• This kingdom has organisms that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own food, and don’t physically move from one place to another.
Plants: Grouped by characteristics
• Vascular– Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
• Roots can be different sizes:– Fibrous and tap roots
• Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
– Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.
• Nonvascular– Simple; most grow in moist places– No vascular tissues.
What do plants do?• All plants are alike in one way.
– They need three things in order to survive• Water• carbon dioxide• energy from sunlight
– What do you suppose the plants use these things for?
Classify – to sort into groups based on similarities and differences
The Plant Kingdom
• Photosynthesis
• Plant Cell
• Parts of a Flower
• SOL Released Test Items
• Vascular
• Non-Vascular
Photosynthesis
• Plant cells produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis allows plants to convert light energy into food energy.
Photosynthesis• process by which CO2
and H2O in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen
• https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwUVpOEoE4
Chemical formula • 6CO2 + 6H2O
• -----> in reaction with sunlight and chlorophyll ------>
• C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/pla
nts/photosynthesis.htm
food• manufactured in the leaves
moves downward through the stem to the roots–used by the plant
–stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of sugar, starch or protein.
They turn it into sugar!photosynthesis – a process by which plants change light energy from the sun and use it to make sugar
Plants and some protists
conduct photosynthesis.
PhotosynthesisA movie of photosynthesis
chlorophyll – the green substance found in plants that traps energy from the sun and gives plants their green color
carbon dioxide – a gas found in air
As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released
When the plant uses the sugar, water and carbon dioxide are released.
– Because of this process• Scientists are able to classify living things
by the way they get their food.– Plants are producers (autotrophs)
producer – it is a living thing that uses sunlight to make sugar. This sugar feeds others.
Respiration• plants respire 24 hours a day• Plants usually give off more O2.• consume some O2 and give off
some CO2• plants produce more O2 through
ps. Than they consume during respiration and growth.
Resipiration
• Humans will use most of the oxygen given off by plants and they will release CO2.
• Plants in return use the CO2 during photosynthesis
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/carbon-cycle.htm
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Food accumulated Food broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy of glucose released
Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off
Oxygen given off Oxygen taken in
Produces glucose Produces carbon dioxide and water
Goes on only in light Goes on day and night
Occurs only in the presence of chlorophyll
Occurs in all living cells
• Leaves have an epidermis with a waxy cuticle and stomata that help prevent water loss. Guard cells that surround and control the size of the opening in stomata. The loss of water through the stomata is called transpiration. The opening and closing of guard cells regulate transpiration.
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds Plants that do not make seeds
Flowering Plants
Conifers Ferns Mosses
Plants reproduce differently
Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind”
a protective covering that surrounds the seed
anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil.
carries water and food to the rest of the plant.
makes the plant's food.
makes seeds.
How Do Flowers Make Seeds and Fruits?
Great Plant Escape- Plant partsOvary – the bottom
part of the pistil in which seeds form
Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains an egg
embryo – tiny part of a seed that can grow into a new plant
How Seeds Form
• After fertilization the flower dries up and petals fall off, leaving just the pistil and its ovary.
• The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
• When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and the seeds fall out.
• Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/plants/plant-with-seeds.htm
How Fertilization Occurs
• When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.
Fertilization – the combination of sperm from a pollen grain with an egg to form a seed
How Pollination Occurs• Butterflies may carry pollen from
the stamen of one flower to the pistil of the the same flower. Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same kind.
• Pollen: Nothing to Sneeze At• https://www.brainpop.com/science/
cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/ Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil
Some flowering plants are
dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food
monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf
What is the Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
• Dormant Seed– Takes in water and the seed coat
gets soft. If the seed has enough oxygen and the right temperature, it will begin to germinate.
– https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/plantgrowth/
dormant – the resting stage of a seed
Germination
• A series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed is called germination.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Seeds will not germinate until environmental conditions are right.
• https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/
Germination
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Temperature, the presence or absence of light, availability of water, and amount of oxygen present can affect germination.
Germination
• Germination begins when seed tissues absorb water.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• This causes the seed to swell and the seed coat to break open.
• Next, a series of chemical reactions occurs that releases energy from the stored food in the cotyledons or endosperm for growth.
Germination• Eventually, a root grows from the seed,
followed by a stem and leaves.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Geminating Seed – First a root pushes through the
seed coat and grows downward.– The top part of the root grows
upward and becomes the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off. The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two small leaves begin to grow from between the seed leaves.
• Seedling
When the stored food within the original seed leaves
is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves
grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller.
The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and
make sugar. Plants use the energy in the
sugar to grow.
https://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/
Seeds• A seed consists of
an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat.
• The embryo has structures that eventually will produce the plant’s stem, leaves, and roots.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
The Flower
• Most flowers have four main parts—petals, sepals, stamen, and pistil.
Seed Development• Seeds of land plants are capable of surviving
unfavorable environmental conditions.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
1. Immature plant
2. Cotyledon(s)
3. Seed coat4. Endosperm
Seed Dispersal
• Plants have many ways of dispersing their seeds.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Most seeds grow only when they are placed on or in soil.
• They fall onto the soil from the parent plant on which they grew.
Seed Dispersal• In nature some seeds can be spread great distances from the
parent plant.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Wind dispersal • usually occurs
because a seed has an attached structure that moves it with air currents.
Seed Dispersal
• Animals can disperse many seeds.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Some seeds are eaten with fruits, pass through an animal’s digestive system, and are dispersed as the animal moves from place to place.
• Attaching to fur, feathers, and clothing is another way that seeds are dispersed by animals.
Seed Dispersal
• Water also disperses seeds.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Raindrops can knock seeds out of a dry fruit.
• Some fruits and seeds float on flowing water or ocean currents.
Importance of Flowers
• The appearance of a plant’s flowers can tell you something about the life of the plant.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Large flowers with brightly colored petals often attract insects and other animals.
Importance of Flowers• As they move about the flower, the animals
get pollen on their wings, legs, or other body parts.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Later, these animals spread the flower’s pollen to other plants that they visit.
Importance of Flowers• Other flowers depend on wind, rain, or gravity to
spread their pollen.
Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33
• Their petals can be small or absent.
Parts of a plant• Four basic parts
–leaves
–stems
–roots
–Flowers– http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/
science/plants/flowers.htm
What Are the Parts of a Flower
• Most flowers have four parts
– Flower parts
Sepal – one of the leaf-like parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green
Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen
Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The stamen consists of two parts: the anther and the filament.The filament holds the anther.The anther produces and carries the pollen.
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The pistil consists of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary.The stigma is the sticky part that traps and holds the pollen.The style is the tube-like structure that holds up the stigma.The ovary and the ovule are at the bottom of the style.
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The petals attract pollinators. (bees, hummingbirds, butterflies, for example)
Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
The sepals are the green petal-like parts at the base of the flower. Sepals help protect the developing bud.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qKWw7JcXCY
Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
• pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize flower– beginning of fruit and seed
formation• fruits and seed are attractive to birds
who eat and spread seeds.– Reproduces plant– some seeds carried on animals coats
Parts of the Flower
• differ in size, shape, and color, some basic parts
• sepal
–green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before opening