HART Regular Board MeetingMay 7, 2018

Planning for Transit Oriented Development: Community Design + Value Capture

Taryn Sabia, Ed.M, M.Arch, MUCD

Founded by the Florida Legislature in 1986, toassist the citizens of Florida in creating morelivable and sustainable communities

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)Is development which creates walkable, compact, dense, mixed-usecommunities near transit where people can easily access jobs, services,and amenities

How NEAR to transit?5-10 minute, or ¼ - ½ mile

What type of transit?Light Rail Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

Dedicated Right of Way Dedicated Right of WayStations ¼ mile – ½ mile between Stations ¼ mile – ½ mile betweenFixed guideway Signal Prioritization

• Increases “location efficiency” so people can walk, bike and take transit• Boosts transit ridership and minimizes the impacts of traffic• Provides a rich mix of housing, jobs, shopping and recreational choices• Provides value for the public and private sectors, and for both new and existing residents• Creates a sense of community and of place.

Why Plan for TOD?

economic development returns revenue gains for transit systemsrevitalization of neighborhoodslarger supply of affordable housingincreased ridership reduce gentrificationMinimizes traffic increases

Benefits of TODprivate sector investmentcongestion relief environmental benefitsWalkability improved safety for cyclists Improved health and well-being

•Chaning demographics are causing a fundamental shift in the housing market• Singles will soon be the new majority in the U.S.• Older Americans will outnumber younger Americans by mid-century• By 2010 Echo Boomers (the children of Baby Boomers) will total 34% of the population

According to AARP: 71% of older households want to be within walking distance of transit.

Why Does TOD Matter?

• The average household spends 51% of income on housing and transportation combined; both costs are increasing• The average household spends 19% on transportation; households with good transit access spend only 9%. • This savings can be critical for low-income households: While the average household spends 19% on transportation, very low income households spend 55% or more.

Buearu of Labor Statistics

Why Does TOD Matter?

• U.S. average household spends 51%of income on housing and transportation combined; both costs are increasing• U.S. average household spends 19%on transportation; households with good transit access spend only 9%.

Hillsborough County, FL• Average household spends 53% of income on housing and transportation combined• Average household spends 25% of income on transportation

Hillsborough County, FL

TOD directs growth and utilizes transit as an organizing feature of a city, county, or region.

TOD which focuses growth around transit stations capitalizes on public investments in transit

Height and density can pay for community benefits and affordability • Reduces transportation expenditures

TOD + Economic Development

the potential to capture increased property values for the purpose offunding transit.

The capture - harnessing a portion of the value that transit confers tosurrounding properties to fund transit infrastructure or relatedimprovements in TOD station areas.

TOD + Value Capture

3 mixed use categories have been created:Medium-density Mixed-UseHigh Medium Residential Mixed-UseCoordinated Mixed-Use Development District In addition

A zoning classification was created that included offices, apartments, andhotels in one category that varies by density and height.

Arlington TOD area Zoning Overlay

The assessed value of land around stations increased 81% in 10 years. 26,000 new housing units21 million sq. ft of office space2.8 million square feet of retail space8% of county land now generates 33% of county revenues 50% of residents take transit to work73% walk to Metro stations•Surrounding single-family neighborhoods have been preserved.

Increased Land Value: Arlington TOD

Arlington TOD area Zoning Overlay

The Transit Village in Oakland, California hosts a clustering oftransportation, affordable housing and social services furthers the goal ofsocial equity—enabling low-income residents to remain and thrive incentral city neighborhoods

¼ of the the 53,000 residents lived below poverty

Social Equity Development: Fruitvale

A number of community resources such as a senior center, library,Headstart preschool, and medical clinic help to anchor the transit Village.

But the process of design and development were the keys to the successof Fruitvale as a socially equitable community.

CDBG funds were used to initiate a community planning processFTA grants provided economic, traffic, and engineering studiesUnity Council became a non-profit developer to ensure the vision

Community-Led Participation

Not-for-Profit Developer Transit-Oriented Development Infill Development Transit Village Pedestrian-Friendly Design Redevelopment Public/Private Partnership Community Development Corporation (CDC) Tax Increment Financing All anchor

tenants are providers of social services Project has sparked the revitalization of an inner-city neighborhood

New developments were oriented to using the BRT system. Throughtransit zoning classifications

required that 80% of the lot be covered by the buildingcut parking minimums by 50%, turning former minimums into maximumsrequired all street frontage to include retailbuildings had to be built to the ‘red line’ or the edge of the property line

Cleveland Healthline “BRT”

$200 million investment in the Euclid Avenue BRT

$6.3 billion in economic development13.5 million square feet of development62% increase in ridership4,445,000 additional transit trips30,000 metric tons of carbon emissions reduced annually97% reduction in small particulate emissionsJobs in the zone doubled

Leveraging Transit Investment

TOD is more than just transit and development, it must be WALKABLE

Development without design may fail to generate anticipated benefitsor return on investment

Example:Douglas Road transit station in Coral Gables, just outside of Miami

“An Epic Transit-Oriented Development Fail”KAID BENFIELD MAR 11, 2013 CITY LAB