Planning and Executing a GIS – GPS Project

LARRY C. SHUBAT THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, OHIOESRI CONFERENCE JUNE 17, 2007

BioBio

BA Geology BA Geology UC Davis, CAUC Davis, CAArmy ROTC Army ROTC Corps of EngineersCorps of EngineersMS GeodesyMS Geodesy Ohio State Ohio State UnivUnivDefense Mapping Agency [NGA]Defense Mapping Agency [NGA]Retired Army 1997Retired Army 1997UA Surveying and Mapping ProgramUA Surveying and Mapping Program

What is GIS?What is GIS?

The letters GIS stand for:The letters GIS stand for:

GGeographiceographicIInformationnformationSSystems (Science)ystems (Science)

A computer based system that inputs, manipulates, A computer based system that inputs, manipulates, and outputs, and outputs, geographicgeographic information.information.

What is a GIS?What is a GIS?

An Integration of Five Basic ComponentsAn Integration of Five Basic Components

PeoplePeopleSoftwareSoftware

DataData

ProceduresProcedures

HardwareHardware

Carl Kinkaid, ESRI

Reality As Vector DataReality As Vector DataRealReal--world Entities Are Abstracted Into Three world Entities Are Abstracted Into Three

Basic ShapesBasic Shapes

Lines/Arcs/RoutesLines/Arcs/Routes(Roads)(Roads)

Areas/Polygons/RegionsAreas/Polygons/Regions(Land Use)(Land Use)

Points Points (Pest Locations)(Pest Locations)

Carl Kinkaid, ESRI

Getting Data into a GISGetting Data into a GIS

480585.5, 3769234480585.5, 3769234483194.1, 3768432483194.1, 3768432485285.8, 3768391485285.8, 3768391484327.3, 3768565484327.3, 3768565483874.7, 3769823483874.7, 3769823

CoordinatesCoordinates

Paper MapsPaper MapsDigital DataDigital Data

GPSGPS

GISGISDataData

Carl Kinkaid, ESRI

QueryQuery

AnalyzeAnalyze

StoreStore DisplayDisplay

CaptureCapture

OutputOutput

GIS FunctionsGIS Functions

Carl Kinkaid, ESRI

END PRODUCTEND PRODUCT

Visual Display MAPVisual Display MAP

Decision Making ProcessDecision Making Process

Resource InventoriesResource Inventories

Digital DatabaseDigital Database

GPSGPS

What is GPS?What is GPS?

GGlobal lobal PPositioning ositioning SSystemystemNAVSTAR: NAVSTAR: NAVNAVigationigation SSystem with ystem with TTiming iming AAnd nd RRanging Developed by U.S. Department of Defense anging Developed by U.S. Department of Defense

Accessible by Civil and MilitaryAccessible by Civil and Military

A satelliteA satellite--based system that features:based system that features:Accurate Navigation, Positioning and TimingAccurate Navigation, Positioning and Timing

Worldwide CoverageWorldwide Coverage

24 hour access24 hour access

No fees to use GPSNo fees to use GPS

Standalone Positioning: By 2011Standalone Positioning: By 2011

C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L2C/A Code on L2New Code on L5New Code on L5

11--3 m3 m

Better resistance Better resistance to interferenceto interference

Planning a GIS Planning a GIS –– GPS GPS ProjectProject

Step OneStep One

Define your projectDefine your project

Modify as necessaryModify as necessary

Keep track of lessons learnedKeep track of lessons learned

Step TwoStep Two

Follow A ProcedureFollow A Procedure

Project Planning Procedures

Gather Available

Data

Set-upBase Map

Collect DataGPS

Photos

CreateDatabase

Manipulate DataGeocode

Hyper-link

FINAL MAP

Historical Research

Determine:

DatumProjectionCoordinate

System

Store all data in one location

ESTABLISHING A GIS-GPS PROJECT:

Historical ResearchHistorical Research

WhatWhat’’s in your back yard??s in your back yard??

GPS collects point dataGPS collects point data

Follow basic outline like a Book ReportFollow basic outline like a Book ReportOutline PlanOutline PlanIntroIntroBodyBodySummarySummary

Gather Available DataGather Available Data

Identify ResourcesIdentify Resources

LibraryLibrary

Digital DataDigital Data

ReferencesReferences

DetermineDetermine

DatumDatumHorizontalHorizontalVerticalVertical

Projection for MapProjection for Map (3(3--D to 2D to 2--D)D)UTMUTMState PlaneState Plane

Coordinate SystemCoordinate SystemBased on Datum (Lat, Long or Projection Plane)Based on Datum (Lat, Long or Projection Plane)

DatumsDatums

Horizontal DatumHorizontal DatumEarth Reference System (Geodetic Datum)Earth Reference System (Geodetic Datum)

NAD 27NAD 27NAD 83NAD 83

86 Adjustment86 AdjustmentHARN for each state (Ohio HARN for each state (Ohio –– 1995)1995)NAD 83 (NSPS 2007)NAD 83 (NSPS 2007)

WGS 84WGS 84

Get Lat / Long or X Y = PositionGet Lat / Long or X Y = Position

Vertical Vertical DatumsDatums

ElevationElevation (Z)(Z)Ellipsoid Height (GPS gives)Ellipsoid Height (GPS gives)Orthometric Height (Height of Topography)Orthometric Height (Height of Topography)

Vertical Reference SystemsVertical Reference SystemsMSL = NGVD 1929 (Tidal Gauges)MSL = NGVD 1929 (Tidal Gauges)NAVD 1986 (NAVD 1986 (GeoidGeoid 2003=Gravity Model of Earth)2003=Gravity Model of Earth)

GPS Coordinate SystemGPS Coordinate SystemEarthEarth--Centered EarthCentered Earth--Fixed (ECEF) coordinatesFixed (ECEF) coordinates

++ZZ axisaxis

++XX axisaxis

––YY axis (90axis (90°°WW))

Earth mass center

Coordinates:Coordinates:X Y ZX Y Z

p4p4

Earth Reference System = Ellipsoid = Mathematical Earth Earth Reference System = Ellipsoid = Mathematical Earth Model = Horizontal PositionsModel = Horizontal Positions

EllipsoidEllipsoid(e.g., GRS(e.g., GRS--80, WGS80, WGS--84)84) ++ZZ axis (parallel to axis of rotation)axis (parallel to axis of rotation)

++XX axisaxis(Prime (Prime meridian)meridian)

–Y1

+Z1

Earth mass center–X1

++YY axis (90axis (90°°EE))

––ZZ axisaxis

Equatorial Equatorial planeplane

λ1

φ1

h1

Point #1, LocationPoint #1, Location

Coordinates:Coordinates:((––XX11, , ––YY11,),)((φφ11, , λλ11, ), ) p4p4

Vertical Earth Reference System = Elevation = Vertical Earth Reference System = Elevation = GeoidGeoid

EllipsoidEllipsoid(e.g., GRS(e.g., GRS--80, WGS80, WGS--84)84) ++ZZ axis (parallel to axis of rotation)axis (parallel to axis of rotation)

++XX axisaxis(Prime (Prime meridian)meridian)

–Y1

+Z1

Earth mass center–X1

++YY axis (90axis (90°°EE))

––ZZ axisaxis

Equatorial Equatorial planeplane

λ1

φ1

h1

Point #1, LocationPoint #1, Location

Coordinates:Coordinates:(Z(Z1 to 1 to hh11)) GeoidGeoid

((““mean sea levelmean sea level”” = 0)= 0)

Three Surfaces (X Y Elevation)Three Surfaces (X Y Elevation)

Earth Earth surfacesurface

Ellipsoid

EllipsoidGeoidGeoid

Mean Mean sea levelsea level

X Y

Orthometric Height

EarthEarth--Centered EarthCentered Earth--Fixed (ECEF) coordinatesFixed (ECEF) coordinates

EllipsoidEllipsoid(e.g., GRS(e.g., GRS--80, WGS80, WGS--84)84) ++ZZ axis (parallel to axis of rotation)axis (parallel to axis of rotation)

++XX axisaxis(Prime (Prime meridian)meridian)

––YY axis (90axis (90°°WW))

–Y1

+Z1

Earth mass center–X1––XX axis axis

(180(180°°WW))

++YY axis (90axis (90°°EE))

––ZZ axisaxis

Equatorial Equatorial planeplane

λ1

φ1

h1

Point #1, ArizonaPoint #1, Arizona

Coordinates:Coordinates:((––XX11, , ––YY11, +, +ZZ11))

((φφ11, , λλ11, , hh11))

GeoidGeoid((““mean sea levelmean sea level””))

p4p4

Most Complicated PartMost Complicated Part

Understand Understand DatumsDatums, Coordinate Systems, and , Coordinate Systems, and ProjectionsProjections

What Reference System is the Data in?What Reference System is the Data in?

What is the software doing with the Data?What is the software doing with the Data?

Keep all project data in same Reference SystemKeep all project data in same Reference System

Set Up Base MapSet Up Base Map

OrthoPhotosOrthoPhotos the best the best ––see earthsee earth

Distortion RemovedDistortion Removed

Measure off photosMeasure off photos

County Photos: County Photos: 6 inch resolution6 inch resolution1 foot accuracy1 foot accuracy

UnivUniv of Akronof Akron

Base MapBase Map

CADCAD

Scanned Map ( Scanned Map ( GeoreferenceGeoreference ))

Anything as Background to give perspectiveAnything as Background to give perspective

Project Planning Procedures

Gather Available

Data

Set-upBase Map

Collect DataGPS

Photos

CreateDatabase

Manipulate DataGeocode

Hyper-link

FINAL MAP

Historical Research

Determine:

DatumProjectionCoordinate

System

Store all data in one location

ESTABLISHING A GIS-GPS PROJECT:

Collect DataCollect Data

Best PartBest PartCreate Own Data and Create Own Data and Use ItUse It

Best Learning ApplicationBest Learning Application

CarefullCarefullEasy to make mistakesEasy to make mistakes

Document MetadataDocument Metadata

Create DatabaseCreate Database

Get data into form computer can useGet data into form computer can useCan be frustrating at firstCan be frustrating at firstUnderstand formats of dataUnderstand formats of data

How data is physically savedHow data is physically saved

Excel Excel –– Good Then Convert to dbase (X Y)Good Then Convert to dbase (X Y)ShapefileShapefile Best or Best or GeodatabaseGeodatabasePut everything in one Folder Put everything in one Folder –– database database management management -- Where is the data??Where is the data??

GIS SkillsGIS Skills

HyperlinkingHyperlinking –– Neat (Pictures, Documents)Neat (Pictures, Documents)GeocodingGeocoding

Address Address GeocodingGeocodingGeographic Geographic GeocodingGeocoding

GeoreferencingGeoreferencingManipulate DataManipulate DataProblem SolveProblem SolveLessons LearnLessons Learn

ProcedureProcedure

Keep Track of ProcedureKeep Track of Procedure

Easier Second Time Around!Easier Second Time Around!

Joy To Complete ProjectJoy To Complete Project

In My BackyardIn My Backyard

The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 3, 17951795 between a coalition of Native Indians between a coalition of Native Indians and the United States. The Treaty of Greenville and the United States. The Treaty of Greenville rere--established the established the western boundary of western boundary of the United States.the United States.

Emergency Phone Emergency Phone Coverage/BufferCoverage/Buffer

Other GIS/GPS ProjectsOther GIS/GPS ProjectsDry Hydrants/CountyDry Hydrants/County

The EndThe End

ProceduresProcedures

Transportability (Data in one file)Transportability (Data in one file)

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned