PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI terdiri dari 47 i tem p erny ataan de ng an 4 alte r natif jawaban y aitu: san g at seri ng, serin g, ka dang-ka da ng dan sangat jara ng

K TAKGNIT ISPIRKSED SIS LAISOS NASADRECE 5 SALEK AWT )DS( RASAD HALOKES URAB OLOS ATINAKARA

1102 NARAJA NUHAT - YNISAKILPMI NAD 2102 A IPOT NALUSU PADAHRET K- OLEK NAGNIBMIB KIPOT KOPM

ispirkS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

najraS raleG helorepmeM nakididneP a gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP

: helo nususiD

najaranU otuT .P .E airaM 900411170 : MIN

GNILESNOK NAD NAGNIBMIB IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU RAKAYGOY AT

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

K TAKGNIT ISPIRKSED SIS LAISOS NASADRECE 5 SALEK AWT )DS( RASAD HALOKES URAB OLOS ATINAKARA

1102 NARAJA NUHAT - YNISAKILPMI NAD 2102 A PADAHRET NALUSU KIPOT - OLEK NAGNIBMIB KIPOT KOPM

ispirkS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

leG helorepmeM nakididneP anajraS ra gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP

: helo nususiD

najaranU otuT .P .E airaM 900411170 : MIN

GNILESNOK NAD NAGNIBMIB IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

:kutnu nakhabmesrep ayas ini ispirkS

S isagergnoK retsu - suemorroB suloraC otnaS hisaK atniC retsus

araduas nad aut gnarO – araduas ayas


v

NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP AYRAK

ks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispir

malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak irad naigab uata ayrak taumem

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

,atrakaygoY 2102 iraunaJ 62

siluneP

tuT.P.E airaM najaranU o


iv

EP NAATAYNREP RABMEL ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESR HAIMLI AYRAK

MU NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU MU

nat adnatreb gnaY iwsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nag atanaS satisrevinU

: atrakaygoY amrahD

amaN : najaranU otuT .P.E airaM

MIN : 900411170

abmegnem imeD auhategnep umli nakgn n adapek nakirebmem ayas ,

gnay ayas haimli ayrak ,atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP

:ludujreb

TAKGNIT ISPIRKSED IS LAISOS NASADRECEK 5 SALEK AWS

)DS( RASAD HALOKES NAKARAT NUHAT URAB OLOS ATI NARAJA

1102 - ILPMI NAD 2102 PADAHRET AYNISAK NALUSU KIPOT - KIPOT

KOPMOLEK NAGNIBMIB eb r .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atres

rebmem ayas naikimed nagneD i atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek kah

utneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu ,atrakaygoY amrahD ,nial aidem k

olegnem al nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad ayn

apnat simedaka naulrepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem

irad niji atnimem ulrep itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ,ayas patet amales ,ayas adapek

ayas aman nakmutnacnem .silunep iagabes

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

laggnat adaP 2102 iraunaJ 62

nakataynem gnaY

najaranU otuT .P.E airaM


iiv

KARTSBA

TAKGNIT ISPIRKSED IS LAISOS NASADRECEK 5 SALEK AWS )DS( RASAD HALOKES INAKARAT URAB OLOS AT

02/1102 NARAJA NUHAT AYNISAKILPMI NAD 21 KIPOT PADAHRET -OLEK NAGNIBMIB KIPOT KOPM

najaranU otuT P.E airaM amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

atrakaygoY 2102

ay fitpirksed naitilenep nakapurem ini naitileneP kutnu naujutreb gn )1( : takgnit iuhategnem adap uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek

)2( nad 2102/1102 naraja nuhat isakifitnedignem ritub - gnay laisos nasadrecek ritub isakidniret ihunepret gnaruk naraja nuhat uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis helo.2102/1102

aitilenep kejbuS adap uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis halada ini n halada nakanugid gnay tnemurtsnI .gnaro 48 halmujreb gnay 2102/1102 naraja nuhat renoiseuK .itilenep helo nususid gnay DS 5 salek awsiS laisoS nasadreceK renoiseuK

naataynrep meti 74 irad iridret ini ,gnires tagnas :utiay nabawaj fitanretla 4 nagnedgnadak ,gnires - neisifeok naklisahgnem ini renoiseuK .gnaraj tagnas nad gnadak

satilibailer'xxr ,0 = 078 .

halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay atad sisilana kinkeT naisasirogetakgnep iridret gnay lamron isubirtsid ledom nakrasadreb nususid gnay

( iggnit nad gnades ,hadner irogetak utiay gnajnej 3 irad 02 rawzA 01 01 : 7). s 9 uata % 7,01 awhab nakujnunem ini naitilenep lisaH DS 5 salek awsi

T 2102/1102 naraja nuhat adap uraB oloS atinakara takgnit aynlaisos nasadreceks 17 uata %5,48 ,hadner irogetak malad kusamret irogetak malad kusamret awsi

s 4 uata %8,4 nad gnades irogetak malad kusamret awsi ritub 2 tapadreT .iggnit 5 salek awsis helo ihunepret gnaruk isakidniret gnay laisos nasadrecek atinakaraT DS

ritub utiay 2102/1102 naraja nuhat adap uraB oloS - kepsa malad kusamret gnay ritub naitilenep lisah nasahabmep nad sisilana nakrasadreB .huragnep nad irid isatneserp

ritub padahret - alnususid ,uti hadner irogetak malad kusamret gnay meti ritub nalusu hkipot - 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek naktakgninem kutnu kopmolek nagnibmib kipot

.uraB oloS atinakaraT DS


iiiv

TCARTSBA

AICOS FO NOITPIRCSED LEVEL ECNEGILLETNI L HTFIF EHT FOHCS YRATNEMELE EDARG STNEDUTS LOO TA OLOS ATINAKARAT DS

URAB 02/1102 NI 21 ACA I STI DNA RAEY CIMED NOITACILPMOT SDRAW T ECNADIUG PUORG EHT SCIPO

:yB

najaranU otuT P.E airaM ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS

atrakaygoY 2102

level eht tuo dnif ot )1( demia hcihw yduts evitpircsed a ot sgnoleb yduts sihTfif eht fo ecnegilletni laicos fo stneduts loohcs yratnemele edarg ht ta atinakaraT DS

uraB oloS 2102/1102 ni cimedaca raey fo smeti eht yfitnedi ot )2( dna laicos ecnegilletni saw hcihw detacidni sa ssel dellifluf yb loohcs yratnemele edarg htfif eht

stneduts ta atinakaraT DS uraB oloS ni 2102/1102 cimedaca raey . stneduts loohcs yratnemele edarg htfif eht saw hcraeser siht fo tcejbus ehT ta

atinakaraT DS uraB oloS 2102/1102 ni cimedaca raey stneduts 48 fo gnitsisnoc ehT .i tnemurtsn desu aw yduts siht ni s ecnegilletnI laicoS eriannoitseuQ f edarg htfif eht ro

stneduts loohcs yratnemele yb delipmoc eht rehcraeser .flesreh eriannoitseuq ehT tsisnoc de fo smeti 74 ruof htiw srewsna evitanretla yleman , yrev netfo , netfo ,

semitemos dna yrev ylerar . eriannoitseuq sihT ecudorp d neiciffeoc ytilibailer t

'xxr = 078.0 .

saw hcihw noitazirogetac eht saw yduts ni desu sisylana atad fo euqinhcet ehT .e.i ,seirogetac fo slevel eerht fo gnitsisnoc ledom noitubirtsid lamron no desab wol ,

muidem dna hgih .)701:0102 rawzA( fo stluser ehT ts siht ydu dewohs taht ( stneduts 9 erew ereht %7.01 dah ) wol

,ecnegilletni laicos fo level 17 stneduts ( %5.48 dah ) muidem laicos fo level( stneduts 4 dna ,ecnegilletni 8.4 % dah ) hgih ecnegilletni laicos fo level . erehT ew er

owt smeti erew hcihw detacidni sa kcal laicos fo ecnegilletni deretnuocne yb htfif ehtstneduts loohcs yratnemele edarg ta atinakaraT DS uraB oloS 2102/1102 ni cimedaca

raey .e.i , smeti eht eht ni dedulcni fo tcepsa fles - noitatneserp .ecneulfni dna no desaBeht dna sisylana tluser noissucsid no ni dedulcni smeti eht wol eht yrogetac , eht

rof scipot eht dengised neht rehcraeser puorg ecnadiug redro ni ot eht evorpmi laicosecnegilletni stneduts loohcs yratnemele edarg htfif eht fo ta atinakaraT DS uraB oloS .


xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK

nakrutahgnem siluneP r ahaM gnaY nahuT adapek maladnem gnay rukuys asa

,hisaK sata ayNtamhar nahapmilek es gnih a ini ispirks nakiaselesret .kiab nagned

ini nahuT hisaK silunep retsuS isagergnoK tawel nakasar - retsus C otnaS hisaK atni

asuturep sagut irebmem gnay suemorroB suloraC n iduts . siluneP hisakamiretreb

nasuturep anerak idajnem utas halas kutnu anaras gnabmekreb nikames iagabes kiab ,

idabirp BC retsus gnaroes iagabes ,asawed gnay gnay rolesnok iagabes nupuam

lanoiseforp .

siluneP amales sesorp iradaynem ni ispirks nasilunep ipatet ,hadum kadit i

ipateT .nagnatnat hunep urtsuj uti hadum kadit gnay sesorp tawel , silunep

ab nakumenem n agrahreb gnay lah kay siluneP . aid utaus iagrahgnem asib kutnu kaj

utigeb gnay nahuT anacner nad irid nahalognep gnudnakret aynmalad id gnay sesorp

.aynutkaw adap hadni

sesorp irad sapel kadit aguj ini ispirks nasiluneP amales nahailukrep 9

retsemes anamid , p amasreb naigahabek nad naaribmegek kaynab nakasarem silune

namet - gnaro nad nesod arap ,namet - gnay gnaro .amasreb sesorpreb nad iapmujid

i kutnU adapek hisak amiret hapmil nakpacugnem silunep ut :

.1 rD s nad nagnibmiB idutS margorP auteK iagabes .iS.M ,suraB nodneG .

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU gnilesnoK

.2 A.M ,.isP ,.isP.S,.dP.S ,iradnayteS .A idutS margorP siraterkeS iagabes

oK nad nagnibmiB evinU gnilesn nad ,atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisr


x

gnay nakiabrep nad nakusam irebmem ,iskerokgnem ,ijugnem halet

.ini ispirks adap agrahreb

.3 .rB .Y gnay .S.M,.S.S,.J.S,onoyirT aites nagned ,utnabmem halet

nakharagnem nad gnibmibmem ,ignipmadnem spirks iapmas ini i

kiab nagned nakiaselesret .

.4 ,ijugnem ,tagnames nakirebmem halet gnay ,CCSS kalO suisarknaP .mR

ispirks adap agrahreb gnay nakiabrep nad nakusam irebmem ,iskerokgnem

.ini

.5 retsuS laisnivorp iagabes BC ,aniloraC ,rS - suloraC otnaS hisaK atniC retsus

oB isnivorP nanipmiP naweD atoggna retsus arap nad suemorr

.6 BC ,inaipsirK .rS idurts retsus gnipmadnep iagabes aites halet gnay nad

nasuturep sagut inalajnem upmam kutnu nakharagnem nad gnibmibmem

.iduts

.7 araP S BC retsu K ,natargninidoyruS satinumoK satinumo tS ecuD alle ,

S satinumoK annA atna , BC retsus aumes nad gnukudnem halet gnay kiab

aod nagned - naamasrebek nagned nupuam aod amales .ini

.8 ,apaB ,amaM nakanopek ,kida ,kakak nad gnay najaranU raseb agraulek

avitom ,aod nagned gnukudnem halet gnay ,atrakaJ id ada is - nad isavitom

itah id taked gnilap gnay namet idajnem .

.9 namet aumeS - sesorpreb malad namet idajnem gnay 7002 natakgna namet

amasreb .


ix

.01 A.M,taruniS.jD.H.R.srD , nawayraK nad ,nesoD araP rp ido idutS margorP

oY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB atrakayg gnay

ebmem halet umli amaturet ,lah kaynab nakir - nad umli nanayalep ayas gnay

hailuk inalajnem amales nakasar .

.11 cniV .rS ne t BC ,ai , kapaB .lF toraJ dP.S ,otnawsiS , B kapaB suisafino

irS G kapaB ,dP.S onoy suiroger idiW rahuS otnaij , silE ubI hteba

itsirK dP.S initnay ,gnadnE .C ubI ,aratnaydiW sutrebireH kapaB , nad arap

awsis DS 5 salek uraB oloS atinakaraT malad utnabmem halet gnay

naitilenep nakadagnem .

.21 arap nad .dP.S ,akadnaH irT firA .blA kapaB ,amanruP sugA .Y .srD kapaB

A5 salek awsis T DS 3B5 nad 1 ojimuB atinakara gnay atrakaygoY

aboc iju nakadagnem malad utnabmem nemurtsni .

,atrakaygoY 2102 iraunaJ 62

siluneP


iix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................................ .. i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ........................ ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .................... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................ vi

AATAYNREP AYRAK NAILSAEK N ................................ ................................ .... v

AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

KIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ................................ .................. vi

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. iiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... iiiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ............................... xi

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. xii

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... vix

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ........................... xvi

NAULUHADNEP .1 BAB

lasaM gnakaleB rataL .A ha ................................ ................................ ............ 1

halasaM nasumuR .B ................................ ................................ ..................... 9

P naujuT .C naitilene ................................ ................................ ...................... 9

naitileneP naanugeK .D ................................ ................................ .................. 9

halitsI nasataB .E ................................ ................................ .......................... 11

AKATSUP NAIJAK .II BAB

kanA laisoS nagnabmekreP .A ................................ ............................... .. 21

laisoS nasadreceK .B kanA ................................ ................................ .......... 51

kepA .C - .laisoS nasadreceK kepsa ................................ .............................. 91

.D kaF rot - kanA laisoS nasadreceK ihuragnemeM gnay rotkaF ................. 92


iiix

.E kopmoleK nagnibmiB ................................ ................................ ......... 33

bmegneM malad KB nareP .F kanA laisoS nasadreceK nakgna ............. 43

NAITILENEP EDOTEM .III BAB

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ .................... 14

.B naitileneP keybuS ................................ ................................ ................ 14

.C naitileneP nemurtsnI ................................ ................................ ............ 24

.1 i sineJ nemurtsn ................................ ................................ ............... 24

alakS naataynreP tamroF .2 ................................ ............................... 24

eP .3 rokS nautnen ................................ ................................ .............. 34

isiK .4 - alakS isik ................................ ................................ ................ 34

.D satilibaileR nad satidilaV ................................ ................................ .... 45

.1 renoiseuk satidilaV ................................ ................................ ......... 54

.2 ruku tala aboc ijU ................................ ................................ ........... 74

sifeok ijU .3 adeb ayad uata isalerok isnei ................................ .......... 84

k satilibaileR .4 renoiseu ................................ ................................ ..... 56

.E ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ ........... 58

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH .VI BAB

.A naitileneP lisaH nasahabmeP nad ................................ ........................ 65

B kipoT nalusU . - nagnibmiB kipot DS id kopmoleK .............................. 82

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK .V BAB

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ .......................... 98

.B naraS ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 98

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................ 91

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 39


vix

LEBAT RATFAD

1 lebaT : isiK - saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK renoiseuK isik 5

2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS ......................... 44

2 lebaT : aleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK alakS isubirtsiD 5 s

1102 /0102 narajA nuhaTuraB oloS atinakaraT DS

)kacaid mulebes( aboC ijU haleteS ................................ ................... 15

3 lebaT 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK alakS isubirtsiD :

1102 /0102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS

)kacaid haduses( aboC ijU haleteS ................................ .................. 35

4 lebaT 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK alakS isubirtsiD :

1102 /0102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS

)meti habmatid haduses( aboC ijU haleteS ................................ ..... 55

5 lebaT awsiS laisoS nasadreceK takgniT isasirogetaK amroN :

uhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK 2102/1102 narajA n ........... 16

6 lebaT alakS metI paiT rokS isasirogetaK amroN :

DS 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK takgniT

2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT .............................. 63

7 lebaT awsiS laisoS nasadreceK takgniT naisasirogetakgneP :

atinakaraT DS 5 saleK 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS ............ 65

8 lebaT metI naisasirogetakgneP : - laisoS nasadreceK metI

uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK awsiS

2102/1102 narajA nuhaT ................................ ................................ .. 77

lebaT 9 kepsA : - 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK kepsa

2 narajA nuhaT uraB oloSatinakaraT DS 2102/110

gnadeS nad hadneR gnologreT gnay ................................ ................ 78


vx

1 lebaT 0 metI : - 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK meti

2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS

hadneR gnologreT gnay ................................ ................................ .... 08

1 lebaT 1 kipoT nalusU : - DS id kopmoleK nagnibmiB kipot

rogetaK nakrasadreB hadnereT metI i ................................ ............... 82

1 lebaT 2 kipoT nalusU : - DS id kopmoleK nagnibmiB kipot

hadnereT takgniT irogetaK nakrasadreB ................................ .......... 84


ivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

1 naripmaL : aleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK renoiseuK 5 s ......................... 93

2 naripmaL : isneisifeoK nagnutihgneP nad satilibaileR

renoiseuK abocijU isaleroK ................................ ................. 95

: 3 naripmaL naitileneP ataD isalubaT ................................ ........................ 96

: 4 naripmaL abocijU nijI taruS ................................ ................................ 01 3

aruS : 5 naripmaL naitileneP nijI t ................................ ............................ 401

naitileneP nakukaleM haleT nagnareteK taruS : 6 naripmaL .................. 501


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

laD ma bab nasumurep ,halasam gnakaleb ratal sahabid ini nauluhadnep

,naitilenep naujut ,halasam taafnam naitilenep halitsi nasatab nad .

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

ilisaf ,rotakinumok nareP tat ,ro areggnep ep ,rotavitom ,asam k ajrek

sos ,lai sp ,goloki ,retaikisp nad urug , ini gnarakes ab n id kay itanim iagabes

p tapadnem kutnU .nakijnajnem gnay naajrekep gnadib uata iseforp nare -

narep iseforp uata ini id bu nakhut utaus nasadrecek id gnay nasadrecek tubes

sos .lai kkd niwL turuneM . )791 :8002( k , adrece malad dujuwret laisos nas

naupmamek malad gnaroeses nagnukgnil nagned iskaretnireb ratikes ,ayn

takaraysam helo amiretid nad kusam asib hibel aggnihes anamid ratikes

laggnit uata pudih akerem . os nasadreceK s pad lai a nakidajnem t gnaroeses

idajnem ay idabirp gnaro kaynab iakusid gn k , anera akerem upmam

kadagnem a amas ajrekeb hadum ,nial gnaro nagned kiab gnay natakednep n

,nial gnaro nagned nad .nial gnaro nagned isakinumokreb hadum gnarO

limem gnay i os nasadrecek ik s pad lai a nad kataw ,naasarep imahamem t

nasaus atpicret aggnihes ,kiab araces aynipaggnanem nad ,nial gnaro itah a

namayn nad kiab gnay nagnubuh utaus .

gnarO - gnay gnaro ikilimem nial gnaro nagned kiab gnay nagnubuh

upmam h nakumenem la - gnay urab lah tapad utnabmem nad atpicret


2

aynarahilepret buh haubes .nagnu akiJ akerem ada ,halasam iaynupmem

ksidreb nad aracibreb kajaid ,nakragnednem tapad gnay nial gnaro kutnu isu

akerem aggnihes ,halasam nakiaseleynem irah inalajnem upmam - irah

.nakgnaneynem nad kiab nagned op awhab nakadnanem ini laH nagnubuh al

laisos id gnaroeses nagned tare gnay nagnubuh iaynupmem ayacrep

awij natahesek .)29:0102 ,tezzA( ododiW turuneM aynnasilut malad gnay

id gnay ,laisoS nasadreceK :uraB nasameK ludujreb taum awS halajaM id

k ,6002 iluJ iside ,adabmeS gnitnep idajnem laisos nasadrece tapad anerak

amas ajrekeb aidesreb nial gnaro taubmem upmam gnaroeses nakidajnem

akus araces gnarO .aler - limem gnay gnaro i naka ,laisos nasadrecek ik

id awhab iradaynem nad ,ada gnay namagarebek iagrahgnem upmam raul

nial kahip ada ,aynkopmolek uata aynirid nay nakutnenem tuki g

nalisahrebek .

aynkilabeS , kkd niwL awhab nakpakgnugnem )891:8002( nay gnaro g

aynlaisos nasadrecek gnaruk nagnubuhreb uata nametreb tilus aynmumu ,

.nial gnaro nagned s akereM uata nial gnaro iayacrepmem raku

padah id irid nakpakgnugnem ,iridneynem kapmat akereM .nial gnaro na

halada igal kurub hibel kapmaD .naipesek asarem gnires nad hamar kadit

sioge pakisreb , nial gnaro naasarep nakgnabmitrepmem kadit ,fitisnes kadit

susak malaD .nial naro naasarep gnuggniynem pakisreb nad - gnay susak

e mertsk , laisos nasadrecek ayngnaruk tapad ukalirep nakkujnunem

uata naasokremep ,nairucnep ,nahecelep ,narujujkaditek itrepes ,laisositna

nial gnay natahajek kutneb n ay asam kajes anerak nakbabesid tapad ini laH .


3

kanak - natapmesek tapadnem kadit akerem kanak anamiagab rajaleb kutnu

a ,nial gnaro nagned nagnubuhreb limem akerem uat i ik uata erugif

namalagnep gnay ialin nad nanikayek utaus manatret aggnihes ,kurub gnay

.laisos itna nakbabeynem

napahat iulalem numan ,ajas utigeb lucnum kadit laisos nasadreceK -

hat asam kajes idajret ialum gnay narajalebmep nad nagnabmekrep napa

kanak - .kanak O gnar kajes hitalret aynlaisos nasadrecek gnay kanak asam -

kanak gnaro nagned isakinumokreb nad ,nametreb ,luagreb hadum naka -

ad lisahreb hibel tapad aggnihes ,aynratikes id gnaro uata aynnaajrekep mal

.tapec hibel nad iggnit hibel reirak gnajnej tapadnem kanA - kana gnay

,isavitom ,naasarep imahamem upmam naka ,laisos nasadrecek iaynupmem

ajrekeb nad rajaleb upmam aguj akereM .nial gnaro nanigniek nad taibat

nial gnaro amasreb hciG( ,ara )03:0102 . aynlaisos nasadrecek gnay kanA

atireb iuhategnem tapad naka iggnit - namet gnatnet atireb - gnaro nad namet -

id gnaro enep idajnem upmam aguj akereM .aynratikes n id kilfnok hag

atna namet ar - ek anerak akerem namet m ma m malad akerem naup e imaham

arep am atres naas k dus nial gnaro . ,iggnit aynlaisos nasadrecek gnay kanA

uata natilusek imalagnem gnay namet adap itapmereb hadum naka

.nahidesek em tapad ,iggnit gnay laisos nasadrecek ,igal huaj hibeL utnabm

naasarep isatagnem kana - ek itrepes fitagen naasarep ,asa sutup ,naipes

,gnisaret nad nad aivilO( nakiabaid .)48:0102 ,inairA

asam adaP - kana ,aynnagnabmekrep asam - ahasureb kana

,laisos araces irid nakiauseynem rajaleb nagned nagnukgnil nakiladnegnem


4

dap satilisaf nakirebmem tapad laisos nagnukgnil anerak kutnu kana a

nagned isakinumok nad isaler nakulremem kanA .aynirid nakisasilaerem

nad naitahrep ,atnic naka nahutubek ihunemem kutnu nial gnaro

kaynab nagned kana nakukalid ini isakinumok nad isaleR .naagrahgnep

arac , itrepes ( gnusgnal araces umetreb ecaf ecaf ot ) nupuam tawel aracibreb

nopelet nakitsapid tapad ,inid kajes isasilaisos sesorp aynada apnaT .

.tabmahret tapad kana nagnabmekrep S nad kana gnatnet iduts halmuje

ajamer isaler halada akerem naaigahabkaditek rebmus awhab nakropalem

rihka adaP .laisos kana asam - saup gnaruk asarem kana raseb naigabes ,kana

nagnabmekrep iges malad naktapad akerem gnay naujamek nagned nad

isaler laisos laisos nasadrecek ikilimem pukuc muleb akerem anerak ,

,kcolruH( .)052:8791

irahes napudihek malad atkaF - ,nakkujnunem irah kana - kana gnay

laisos araces sadrec gnaruk aynitnan aynnaajrekep malad gnabmekreb tilus

.kimedaka araces iadnap akerem nupiksem ,ayntakaraysam nagnukgnil uata

,iggnit QI ikilimem kadit nupualaw laisos sadrec gnay akerem nakgnadeS

,nagnubuh nilajnem upmam nipmimem nad ihuragnepmem uata amas ajrek

nial gnaro nad aivilO( )08:0102 ,inairA . gnabmekreb gnaruk gnay kanA

nagned lupmukreb akus kadit ,iridneynem akus naka ,aynlaisos nasadrecek

namet - namet irad irid kiranem ,aynnamet naniam tuberem akus ,aynnamet -

met .igabreb akus kadit nad ,aynna awhab nakujnunem ini laH nasadrecek

nahubmutrep igab gnitnep idajnem laisos , nagnabmekrep nad naped asam ,

usek 0102 ,onoyirP( kana nasesk .)21:


5

ek ayngnitneP ek adap ucagnem laisos nasadrec s awhab naradas paite

a nakhutubmem kan .aynlaisos nahutubek ihunemem tapad kutnu nial gnaro

ib kadit kanA sa nad rajaleb akerem anerak ,aynlaisos nagnukgnil irad sapel

L .laisos nagnukgnil iulalem gnabmekreb gnukudnem gnay laisos nagnukgni

ynitnan kana sigolokisp nagnatamek utnenep idajnem tapad .a iulaleM

iskaretni nagnukgnil nagned aynlaisos , kana nahutubek ihunemem tapad

.atnic nad gnayas hisak ,naitahrep naka os nasadrecek nagnabmekreP lais

nagnibmib uata naukalrep sesorp helo ihuragnepid tagnas aguj kana adap

nem malad kana padahret aut gnaro napudihek kepsa iagabreb naklaneg

amron uata ,laisos - anamiagab nad takaraysamreb napudihek amron

amron nakparenem - irahes napudihek malad tubesret amron - irah

.)652:8791,kcolruH(

kanA - adit gnay kana aynlaisos nahutubek ihunepret k iskaretni nad

s ruk aynlaiso akereM .rilosiret naka ,gna idabirp idajnem naka - gnay idabirp

,laisos araces gnatam gnaruk gnay tapad nagnatamek ihuragnepmem

hisak nagnalihek anerak uggnagret tapad akerem naidabirpeK .lanoisome

em tapad ini laH .aynlaisos nagnukgnil irad atnic nad gnayas naktabikagn

agiruc huranem hadum ,nial gnaro nagned sinomrah kadit gnay nagnubuh

ad ,nial gnaro adapek nagnubuH .nial gnaro adap ayacrep tilus n ini

natahesek adap huragnepreb tapad ayacrepid kana kisif nad awij

(S irafa a, 31:5002 ).

id satilaeR sata kacalem kutnu snias gnadib id edi naklucnumem

aynajrekeb nagned aynserts takgnit raseb gnilap gnay isaler aratna natiak


6

neg - tubesret nairacneP .hubut nalabekek metsis rutagnem gnay utnetret neg

t nial gnaro nagned gnaroeses isaler awhab naumet naklisahgnem aynah kadi

.gnaroeses igoloib kutnebmem aguj numan namalagnep kutnebmem umlI

kato aratna natiak malad ek kiratret tapad kato awhab nakumenem faras

halini faras natabmeJ .iskaretnireb akitek nial gnaro kato nagned gnaroeses

apad gnaroeses taubmem tapad gnay namet kato nad hubut ihuragnepmem t

.ayniskaretni gnay aisunam isaler naknikgnumem kato ek kato nagnubuH

lah malad irid kutnebmem kutnu tauk gnilap - hakapa aynlasim elepes lah

lah uata ,amas gnay hides nageda tahilem signanem naka atik - hibel gnay lah

ladnem neg itrepes ma - les malad kadit uata nakfitkaid gnay anam neg - les

ek kato nagnubuH .suriv nad iretkab nawalem gnay hubut nalabekek metsis

gnaro nagned fitisop nagnubuh utiay ,adnag atamreb gnadep itrepes ini kato

,natahesek adap fitisop kapmad ikilimem nial fitagen nagnubuh aratnemes

nahalrep ajrekeb gnay nucar itrepes isgnufreb asib - .atik hubut malad nahal

5:7002,nameloG( - .)6

ugnem nikames ini naumeT a nasadrecek ayngnitnep nakt sos ,lai

khu sus os nasadrecek ayn s kanak asam kajes nakmanatid gnay lai - .kanak

kreP nagnabme laisos nasadrecek kana akitek lamitpo hibel naka kana

apureb gnay ,lamrof hibel gnay rajaleb nanatat ikusamem laisos nanatat

es nad tahes gnay iaus , gnay tapad kutnu kana adap natapmesek nakirebmem

tek ,fitisop gnay irid pesnok nakgnabmegnem e lipmar sos na napaisek nad lai

umli sinej iagabreb rajaleb kutnu aynah kadit kana naikimed nagneD .

ratna isasilaisosreb rajaleb - gnay naruta nanatat nagned aguj numan ,lanosrep


7

ada , alin rajaleb i- ihek ialin d takaraysam amiretid gnay ukalirep nad napu

u lakeb iagabes hibel gnay takaraysam naruta atat nagned isasilaisosreb kutn

)052:8791,kcolruH( .saul .

utas halaS halokes kaynaB .halokes halada lamrof gnay rajaleb nanatat

lautkeletni nasadrecek naknakenem aynah awsis . halokeS - halokes gnaruk

itahrepmem nasadrecek nak - cek nial nasadre laisos nasadrecek kusamret

irid adap ada gnay awsis ayngnitnep naka nahutubek adap ucagneM .

gnay rajagnem alop nad namahamep naknakenem naadebrep nasadrecek

gnay malad ada awsis irid , abocnem ,uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD halokeS

akparenem kutnu sek n e nasadrecek aratna nagnabmi - ada gnay nasadrecek

anuhat ajrek margorp malad nakgnautid gnay ,awsis irid adap .n ipateT

leb laisos nasadrecek ,nanuhat ajrek margorp nakrasadreb nakgnutihrepid mu

araces awsis nagnabmekrep malad gnitnep gnay utauses iagabes .hutu

nasadrecek irad isatnemelpmi nakapurem hisam nususid gnay ajrek margorP

eletni k nad laut lautirips nasadrecek nagned narajalebmep sesorP .

,laisos iskaretni ikilimem gnay rajaleb kejbus iagabes awsis naktapmenem

awsis idabirp kepsa adap nasukofmep nad ,naasarep itupilem gnay

,irid pesnok ,naagrahgnep ,nagnadnap nad hisam ,bawaj gnuggnat

utaus nakapurem nahab ,isaulave nakdujuwid ulrep hisam aggnihes

T DS ajreK margorP( :1102/01002 uraB oloS atinakara )51 .

iukagnem ,uraB oloS atinakaraT DS urug aparebeB ayngnitnep

.halokes nagnukgnil malad inid kajes nakmanatid ialum laisos nasadrecek

tabika iradaynem akereM idajret gnay naktasumem aynah halokes akij


8

.laisos nasadrecek nakiabagnem nad ajas simedaka adap naitahrep

adaseK urug aparebeb taubmem ini nar arenem nakp rajagnem edotem

neserp nad kopmolek ajrek ,isuksidreb arac nagned edoteM .ajrek lisah isat

id ini raga naujut nagned nakukal awsis limem i kutnu naupmamek ik

.akerem laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem urug naigabes ipateT

iagabes aynah ini edotem nakparenem rajagnem alop isairav aggnihes ,

.nakukalid gnaraj ini edotem ayngnitnep imahamem pukuc muleb akereM

laisos nasadrecek kana igab - .akerem kidid atresep idajnem gnay kana

laisos nasadrecek gnatnet maladnem gnay naitilenep ada muleB awsis

id DS oloS atinakaraT aggnihes ,uraB iuhategnem muleb urug arap

laisos nasadrecek anamiagab akerem kidid atresep nad , anamiagab arac - arac

B .laisos nasadrecek naktakgninem nakrasadre nahutubek p ,ini ini naitilene

kutnu nakduskamid nasadrecek takgnit gnatnet narabmag helorepmem

laisos awsis uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD halokeS id ada gnay aynsusuhk

.5 salek iagabes nakanugid tapad nakparah id uti helorepid gnay narabmaG

margorp nagnabmegnep kutnu nagnabmitrep nahab halokes ajrek aynsusuhk

gnadib adap naawsisek nad mulukiruk gnay , nakparetid tapad naidumek

irahes rajagnem rajaleb sesorp malad - .irah


9

.B muR halasaM nasu

nakrasadreB sata id naitilenep sketnok gnay halasam nasumur akam ,

:halada ini naitilenep malad sahabid naka

.1 hakanamiagaB salek awsis laisos nasadrecek takgnit 5 keS rasaD halo

uraB oloS atinakaraT /1102 naraja nuhat 2102 ?

.2 rituB - ritub laisos nasadrecek anam ajas gnay isakidniret gnaruk

ihunepret helo uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD halokeS 5 salek awsis

/1102 naraja nuhat 2102 ?

.C naitileneP naujuT

naitileneP ini naujutreb nu kut nem ge iuhat :

.1 takgniT laisos nasadrecek awsis salek uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 adap

/1102 naraja nuhat 2102 .

.2 rituB - laisos nasadrecek ritub gnay isakidniret gnaruk ihunepret helo

uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD halokeS 5 salek awsis naraja nuhat

/1102 2102 .

.D fnaM taa naitileneP

.1 t taafnaM sitiroe

nakusam irebmem tapad nakparahid naitilenep lisaH iroet gnatnet

,laisos nasadrecek namalagnep - namalagnep atkaf nad gnay

gnukudnem imahamem kutnu takgnit os nasadrecek s aisu kana lai


01

kes o ,rasad hal os nasadrecek ayngnitnep nad ,kana igab lais suhk su ayn

5 salek DS .

.2 p taafnaM sitkar

.a igaB rasad halokes urug , DS id aynsusuhk KB urug nad gnay

KB urug ikilimem , h iagabes nakanugid tapad ini naitilenep lisa

,isamrofni rebmus rebmus nahab kutnu nad isaulave

arap igab nagnabmegnep kes urug rasad halo nad , KB urug d i

DS awsis laisos nasadrecek naktakgninem atres narep malad ,

.b igaB p itilene p , kutnu anaras idajnem ini naitilene

umli magareb nakparenem nad nakgnabmegnem aynsusuhk

naitilenep nad gnilesnok nagnibmib gnadib halet gnay

id helorep les nahailukrep asam ama . tapad aguj itileneP

umli anam huajes iskelfereb - iroet nad umli - malad iroet

satilanoiseforp naktakgninem malad narepreb ini naitilenep

.rolesnok gnaroes iagabes

.c nial itilenep igaB h , iagabes nakanugid tapad ini naitilenep lisa

rep nahab amet nagned naitilenep nakukalem kutnu nagnabmit

natiakreb gnay .

.d igaB tinu uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD halokeS , ini naitilenep

iagabes nakanugid tapad ,isamrofni rebmus nad nahab kutnu

isaulave nagnabmegnep nad igab nad narajagnep margorp

eS id nagnipmadnep uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD halok malad

.awsis laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem akgnar


11

.E halitsI nasataB

.1 K halada laisos nasadrece naupmamek kana kutnu nagned iskaretnireb

nial gnaro gnabmies nad tapet araces iridnes irid nad gnay , rukuid

tawel ritub - seuk ritub s nasadrecek takgnit renoi kujnutid nad laiso

alem awsis helorepid gnay roks iul ini naitilenep malad .

.2 kana halada DS 5 salek awsiS - gnay kana aisureb 01 aratna - nuhat 21

hadus nad iric nakujnunem - hibel iric nagned iskaretnireb kopmolek

aynayabes namet , i lah in idajnem tapad naidumek gnay rasad

ayngnabmekreb laisos nasadrecek .

.3 kipoT - k nagnibmib kipot kopmole halada ,nasagag utaus nalupmuk

nagnibmib nanayal nautas malad nakgnaut id gnay iretam uata nahab

nanayal nakirebmem malad naudnap iagabes nakanugid gnay

b nagnibmi malad ianegnem ini lah nagnabmekrep laisos nasadrecek .


21

II BAB

NAIJAK AKATSUP

halasam nagned natiakreb gnay iroet nasadnal sahabid ini bab malaD

kipoT .naitilenep - ipot k sahabid gnay ini bab malad halada laisos nagnabmekrep

,kana laisos nasadrecek kana , kepsa - acret gnay kepsa ,laisos nasadrecek malad puk

kaf rot - laisos nasadrecek ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf kana , ,kopmolek nagnibmib

b narep nad nad nagnibmi k gnilesno laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem malad

kana .

.A kanA laisoS nagnabmekreP

nahaburep halada laisos nagnabmekreP - imalaid gnay nahaburep

ividni akgnit ujunem ud laisos nagnubuh malad nagnatamek t gnay

,sitametsis araces gnusgnalreb takgninem adaP .nagnubmanisekreb nad

9 aisu /iggnit salek( rasad halokes aisu - ,)nuhat 31 laisos nagnabmekrep

kana os nagnubuh nasaulrep nagned iadnatid kutnebmem rameg utiay lais

opmolek amasreb niamreb kutnu ayabes k agraulek nagned niales , adaP .

useynem kutnu rajaleb kana ini asam a gnaro nagned irid naki - ,gnaro

nagnukgnil , urab gnay isautis , nad amron - aggnihes ,kopmolek amron

pad a malad nautasek idajnem t amas ajrekeb nad isakinumokreb

,fusuY( 1:0102 08 .)


31

kutneb nakgnabmegnem ialum kana ,laisos nagnubuh iulaleM -

ukalirep kutneb laisos ( 421:0102 ,fusuY - )521 kutneB . - ukalirep kutneb

: halada uti laisos

.1 P ( nagnakgnabme emsivitagen ) ukal hakgnit kutneb utaus utiay ,

agabes ,nawalem id naparenep padahret iskaer i s uata nilpi

nagned iauses kadit gnay nagnukgnil uata aut gnaro natutnut

.kana kadnehek

.2 A m ukalirep utiay ,iserg isif araces kiab kilab gnareyne k

atak nupuam )labrevnon( - iskaer nakapurem gnay ,)labrev( atak

awecek asar padahret uata nahutubek aynihunepret kadit anerak

.aynnanigniek

.3 B uata gnuggnisret asarem kana gnaroes akij idajret ,rakgnetre

.nial gnaro ukalirep uata pakis helo uggnagret

.4 M adoggne nial gnaro padahret latnem nagnares nakapurem ,

atak kutneb malad - ihes ,nakeje atak iskaer naklubminem aggn

aram h .ayngnaresid gnay gnaro adap

.5 P nagniasre ulales nad nial gnaro ihibelem kutnu nanigniek utiay ,

.nial gnaro helo gnorodid

.6 K amas ajre utiay , .kopmolek nagned amas ajrekeb uam pakis

.7 B asaukre em kutnu ukal hakgnit utiay , tis iasaugn laisos isau

)isanimodnem(

.8 M iridnes irid nakgnitneme ihunemem malad sioge pakis utiay ,

.aynnanigniek


41

.9 S itapmi kutnu kana gnorodnem gnay lanoisome pakis utiay ,

nem a .nial gnaro adap naitahrep hur

aukalrep sesorp helo ihuragnepid tagnas kana laisos nagnabmekreP n

kepsa iagabreb naklanegnem aut gnarO .aut gnaro nagnibmib uata

repes ,laisos napudihek t amron i - malad ukalreb gnay isidart ,amron

hotnoc nakirebmem nad takaraysam ianegnem rac a amron nakparenem -

irahes napudihek malad tubesret isidart nad amron - egneP .irah nad nalan

atoggna idajnem tapad kana raga naujutreb ini hotnoc nairebmep

malad dujuwret ini bawaj gnuggnaT .bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay takaraysam

adap ayacrep pakis nakgnabmegnem kutnu kana naupmamek iridnes irid

nad b nagnorod nakiladnegnem upmam ,nial gnaro rajaleb nad sigoloi

aguj kanA .takaraysam amiretid gnay tapmet adap aynnakrulaynem kutnu

kejbo lanegnem upmam - natabmah isatagnem upmam ,kejbo - ,natabmah

nad laisos ukal hakgnit gnatnet namahamep nakgnabmegnem upmam

ut nagned aynukalirep nakiauseynem rajaleb nagnukgnil natutn akereM .

gnaro tapadnep nopserem nad nial gnaro nagnadnap imahamem upmam

nad irid rutagnem kutnu namahamep iklimem nad ,fitkeles araces nial

.iridnes ukalirep ialinem kutnu airetirk imahamem

ekreP agnepid aguj kana laisos nagnabm helo ihur nagnukgnil

nad ,aynnial asawed gnaro ,agraulek kanas ,aut gnaro kiab ,aynlaisos

padahret gnaulep nakirebmem laisos nagnukgnil alibapA .ayabes namet

iapacnem tapad naka kana akam ,fitisop araces kana nagnabmekrep

isos nagnabmekrep pateT .gnatam araces aynla apa i laisos nagnukgnil alib


51

,iaus halas ukalirep naklipmanem gnurednec kana akam ,fisudnok gnaruk

neynem akus ,sioge ,rednim itrepes amron nakiludepmem gnaruk ,irid -

221:0102 ,fusuY( ukalirepreb malad amron - .)621 laisos nagnabmekreP

naka ,kana adap kiab gnay kutnu rasad idajnem p hubmutre nad na

p agnabmekre n .laisos nasadrecek

.B laisoS nasadreceK kanA

sos nasadreceK malad nasadrecek utas halas nakapurem lai

uata adnag nasadrecek secnegilletni elpitlum helo nakgnabmekid gnay

sos nasadreceK .rendraG drawoH a lai tubesid gnires uat iagabes aguj

lanosrepretni nasadrecek malad irid naupmamek halada nilajnem

id gnaro nagned iskaretnireb naupmamek nad ,takaraysam id naluagrep

itamkinem tapad nad pudih malad namayn taubmem aggnihes ,ratikes

bek zuB( iridnes irid naadare ,na 2002 .)2: nasadreceK sos aguj lai

nakapurem m ,duskam itregnem nad itamagnem kutnu naupmamek isavito

,nial gnaro naasarep nad p hubut nakareg nad araus ,hajaw iserpke adap ake

malad fitkefe araces nopser nakirebmem upmam nad nial gnaro

.isakinumokreb O nar limem gnay g i ,laisos nasadrecek ik ek kusam upmam

,nagnadnap itregnem ,nial gnaro ainud itregnem ,nial gnaro irid malad

.kopmolek nipmimem tapad aynmumu nad nial gnaro pakis nasadreceK

laisos aguj padahret akep kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek nakkujnunem

aasarep .nial gnaro n limem gnay gnarO i laisos nasadrecek ik gnurednec

tapad nad nial gnaro nagned iskaretnireb imahamem ayn , hadum aggnihes


61

.ayngnililekes id nagnukgnil nagned isasilaisosreb naupmamek nialeS

,namet nagned barka gnay natabahasrep nilajnem asadrecek laisos n aguj

naupmamek pukacnem nial inagnanem ,risinagrognem ,nipmimem itrepes

nahisilesrep nad irad itapmis helorepmem nial gnaro

( naitrgenep/moc.igolokisprajaleb//:ptth - nasadrecek - lanosrepretni -

turunem - arap - /ilha ).

os nasadreceK s lai pukacnem aupmamek nalipmaretek nad n

isaler naknahatrepmem nad nugnabmem ,nakatpicnem malad gnaroeses

audek aggnihes ,tahes araces aynratikes nagnukgnil nad nial gnaro nagned

irafaS( nakgnutnugnem gnilas gnay isautis malad adareb kahip haleb ,a

.)32:5002 002( onrapuS turuneM 4 )93: halada laisos nasadrecek

,duskam ,naasarep padahret akep idajnem nad itregnem kutnu naupmamek

,kataw ,isavitom nad l gnaro nemarepmet aguj laisos nasadreceK .nia

cnem ,araus ,hajaw iserpske naka akep kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek puka

asahab( taraysi nad nasadrecek ,numu araceS .nial gnaro irad )labrevnon

nad isaler nilajnem kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek nagned natiakreb laisos

.nial gnaro nagned isakinumok

hadum tagnas ,tauk gnay laisos nasadrecek ikilimem gnay gnarO

ro nagned isakinumokreb nad amas ajrekeb nagned akerem isaleR .nial gna

nad nakgnaneynem naka nial gnaro tahilret utigeb raulek sitamoto araces

naasarep nakadebmem tapad nad ilanegnem hadum nagned akereM .ajas

isakinumokreb tapad aguj akereM .nial gnaro helo imalaid gnay apa atres

ad hadum nagned itregnem nad ilanegnem tapad anerak ,maladnem n


71

.nial gnaro helo nakujnutid gnay labrevnon nupuam labrev asahab kaynaB

nas akerem irad ga t nad itapmereb hadum nad itah anasaus padahret akep

l gnaro naatirednep ia n .)93:4002 ,onrapuS(

K gnay laisos nasadrece kiab nagned nakujnutid naupmamek

malad gnaroeses reb ,isaisogen nilajnem ,nial gnaro nagned nagnubuh

tah duskam acabmem tapad akereM .nial gnaro i itamkinem aynnaadarebek

hagnet id - akereM .kaynab gnaro hagnet m ,namet kaynab ikilimem upma

nagned isakinumokreb nupualaw ,kiab gnadak nakukalem tapad

isalupinam ,narakgnetrep ihagnenem akus ,amasreb nataigek itamkinem ,

d laisos isautis acabmem upmam nad ,amas ajrekeb akus .kiab nagne

naupmamek hurules nakanuggnem tapad akerem ,isakinumokreb malaD

ut asahab nad kato rebmem tapad akereM .lamiskam araces aynhub i

upmam nad fitaerk ,hamar ,hubmutreb raga nial gnaro adapek sulumits

ini naupmameK .aynnaknahatrepmem nad natabahasrep nugnabmem

namayn asarem laisos nasadrecek ikilimem gnay gnaro taubmem

gnet id adareb nupualaw akerem nakhab nad ,naadebrep aynkaynab ha

masreb gnay nial gnaro taubmem upmam iatnas nad namayn idajnem ayna .

gnay gnaro ,aynkilabeS gnaruk kilimem laisos nasadrecek i , naka hasus

isaisogenreb akereM . araca iradnihgnem kopmolek isuksid uata gnirahs .

akereM gnurednec nad ,nial gnaro padahret rednim ,nakitirk iradnihgnem

aynratikesid naadaek nakhalaynem , lah idajret akij - .sereb kadit gnay lah

ata aynnagnukgnil gnadnamem gnires akereM u iagabes nial gnaro


81

rep kadit nad ,aynimalaid gnay narudnumek irad babeynep rajaleb asib han

amas gnay lah irad nazuB( , 3:2002 - )4 .

kana pahat adaP - hibel araces nakujnutid ini laisos nasadrecek kana

iD .nametreb nad luagreb hadum naupmamek nagned utiay anahredes

id aynlasim ,laisos nagnukgnil kana ,halokes - limem gnay kana i ik

drecek akereM .kopmolek malad ek kusam tapec naka ,iggnit laisos nasa

hibel aguj akereM .nial namet naklupmugnem nad isakinumokreb hadum

i gnadak akereM .kopmolek rajaleb nad nial gnaro amasreb rajaleb akus tuk

abmem anerak ,halasam imalagnem gnades gnay namet utn hadum akerem

itapmereb ,onrapuS( )04:4002 . kanA - agned kana ,iggnit laisos nasadrecek n

,akitametam itrepes ,narajalep atam aparebeb malad lisahreb ulales kadit

isapisitnagnem kutnu naupmamek naktahilrepmem akerem ipatet

malad fitka tabilret ,urug nanigniek upmam ,halokes nataigek

namet nipmimem upmam nad ,irid nakiauseynem - aynnamet

,gnortsmA( )33:3002 .

igal huaj hibeL , nasadrecek awhab nakpakgnugnem )5002( airafaS

kanak asam kajes ilanekid tapad gnaroeses adap laisos - gnay ,kanak

nakujnutid ic iulalem ir - : nial aratna iric

.1 M araces urab laisos isaler nakatpicnem nad nakgnabmegnem upma

fitkefe

.2 M nial gnaro imahamem uata nial gnaro nagned itapmereb upma

latot araces


91

.3 M aggnihes fitkefe araces aynlaisos isaler naknahatrepmem upma

s nad ,utkaw nakamid hansum kadit nikames gnabmekreb asaitnane

ankam hunep nad maladnem

.4 M gnay labrev non nupuam ,labrev isakinumok iradaynem upma

.nial gnaro helo nakujnutid

.5 S natutnut nad laisos isautis nahaburep padahret fitisne - ,aynnatutnut

races aynirid nakiauseynem upmam kana aggnihes malad fitkefe a

.isautis macam alages

.6 M isaler malad idajret gnay laisos halasam nakhacemem upma

aynlucnum hagecnem tapad atres ,gnabmies araces aynlaisos

lasam a aynlaisos isaler malad h

.7 M nalipmaretek pukacnem gnay isakinumok nalipmaretek ikilime

akragnednem .fitkefe araces silunem nad aracibreb ,fitkefe n

iriC - gnurednec ,ini kana adap nakujnutid gnay laisos nasadrecek iric

hibelret ,ayntujnales nagnabmekrep pahat ikusamem kana akitek patenem

,airafaS( kiab nad tapet araces nakgnabmekid suret akij 52:5002 - )62 .

.C kepsA - laisoS nasadreceK kepsa

naitregnep nakrasadreB - ilha arap helo nakpakgnuid gnay naitregnep

kepsa tahilid tapad ,sata id B niop adap - malad gnudnakret gnay kepsa

.laisos nasadrecek nameloG leinaD )7002( ludujreb gnay aynukub malad

negilletnI laicoS ec , igabmem nenopmok uata kepsa ke ec nasadr laisos

raseb irogetak aud malad , :utiay


02

.1 laisos naradaseK

eK laisos naradas nagned natiakreb gnatnerem gnay igrene

araces tapec upmam sarem a nak ,nial gnaro hainitab naadaek

ynnarikip nad naasarep imahamem nem anug ,a sos isautis naktapad .lai

os naradaseK s nakitraid tapad ini lai naupmamek iagabes gnaroeses

kutnu narikip nad naasarep ,hainitab naadaek imahamem nial gnaro ,

nad uata isidnok utaus malad isautis acabmem kutnu naupmamek

utnetret nagnukgnil . naupmameK - aupmamek ini laisos naradasek n

nial amas utas iskaretnireb gnilas )411:7002,nameloG( . naradaseK

: itupilem ini laisos

.a E rasad itapm

kutnu naupmamek itrareb rasad itapmE nakasarem tapad

nial gnaro naasarep ,lekgnej ,haram ,hides ,gnanes itrepes

bes nial nad awecek ayniaga taraysi nakasarem nad , - taraysi

labrevnon isome ( ,nameloG )411:7002 . tapad itapmE

gnilas tapad anerak atpicret gnay nagnubuh naktakednem

hutubek ,naasarep imahamem ,na ,nial gnaro itah naadaek nad

es aggnih d anerak ,maladnem hibel asaret uti nagnubuh tapa

,anugreb asar ,iagrahid asar ,namayn asar atpicret id nakragned

agabreb nad aynnial gnay sikisp nahutubek i O . gnar gnay

nagnubuh nilajnem itrepes malad gnisaret naka kadit ini

narep naknalajnem tapad nad aynlaisos nagnukgnil - narep

aisos nagnukgnil malad .raneb araces l lah nakapurem itapmE


12

nakgnabmegnem ahasu malad narepreb nanimod gnay

laisos nasadrecek 76:0102 ,tezzA( - )86 . e ataK m lasareb itap irad

namreJ asahab gnulhufniE ( tabilret asarem itrareb gnay gnileef

otni )4002 miharbI malad( otiVeD turuneM .) itapme

upmam kutnu gnaroeses naknikgnumem ,iradaynem

imahamem iagrahgnem nad nial gnaro imalaid gnay apa araces

,itapme malaD .lautkeletni nad lanoisome tapad gnaroeses tuki

gnaro namalagnep malad lautkeletni nad lanoisome araces atres

.nial mem gnay gnarO ,itapme ikili me irid nakgnayabm ayn

gnay itrepes tahilem ,nial gnaro apminem gnay naidajek adap

nakasarem nial gnaro itrepes nakasarem nad ,tahil nial gnaro

tamhkaR( , )231:2991 nakapurem itapme ,kana adaP .

gnay ,naritawahkek nad naasarep imahamem naupmamek

ayninarun itah kisugnem kana taubmem tapad aggnihes

em nahutubek imahamem ,gnayas hisak nad isnarelot nakujnun

em uam atres ,nial gnaro mba .natilusek gnades gnay gnaro utn

hunep ,naitregnep hibel huaj naka itapmereb rajaleb gnay kanA

negnem upmam ,nailudepek naharamek nakilad nad

satilarom nad nabadaek ,naaisunamek tafis naktakgninem

.)12:8002 ,abroB( itapme naitregnep nakrasadreB ini itapme ,

nenopmok aud irad nenopmok utas halas nakapurem rasad

nakapurem rasad itapme anam id ,isome itapme utiay ,itapme


22

ek am upm na gnay apa iagrahgnem nad imahamem ,iradaynem

lanoisome araces nial gnaro imalaid )05:9991 ,oripahS( .

.b nasaraleyneP

halada nasaraleyneP hibel naitahrep irebmem nial gnaro adapek

radas araces tapad raga nakiauseynem gnay apa nagned

rikipid nad ,nakasarid nad nak tapad naidumek nakirebmem

iauses nad fitisop gnay nopser . nalipmareteK tagnas gnay

id halada nasaraleynep malad nakhutub naupmamek

nad akubret nagned nakragnednem gnay apa imahamem

nakiapmasid . 711:7002,nameloG( - )911 . upmam gnay gnaroeS

nakragnednem nopser nakirebmem naka ,akubret nagned -

alapek nakuggna itrepes fitkefe ipat laminim gnay nopser

napaggnat ,naamirenep nakataynem kutnu - itrepes napaggnat

.”hakraneb“ nad ”ho“ ,”ay“ ,”mm“ upmam gnay gnarO

nakragnednem akubret nagned nad maid pakisreb upmam

patet nagned aracibreb kutnu nial gnaro natapmesek irebmem

,dradleG( rajaw araces atam katnok naknahatrepmem .)95:1102

.c kitapme natapeteK

naupmamek halada kitapme natapeteK ,narikip imahamem

nial gnaro duskam nad ,naasarep tapet nad kiab araces ,

aggnihes irad duskam nad naasarep ,narikip itregnem tapad

.nial gnaro natapeteK gnabmekreb tapad ini kitapme haletes

halet gnay apa kiab nagned nakragnednem gnaroeses


32

nial gnaro nakiapmasid )18:0102 tezzA( . halet gnay itrepeS

atnet naitregnep ianegnem nakapakgnuid niop adap itapme gn

rasad itapme aynmulebes halas nakapurem itapme natapetek ,

aud irad nenopmok utas nenopmok itapme utiay itapme

fitingok nagned gniries gnabmekreb fitingok itapmE .

k nad nasawaw ayngnatam habmatreb fitingok naupmame

mE .gnaroeses pa gok it pad uata fitin natapetek nakatakid ta

me pa irad utauses gnadnamem naupmamek nakapurem kit

uti gnadnap tudus iauses taubreb nad nial gnaro gnadnap tudus

)25:9991 ,oripahS( .

.d os isingok uata laisos naitregneP s lai

akid tapad tipmes itra malad uata laisos ainuD nagnukgnil nakat

tapadret aynmalad id gnay takaraysam nagnukgnil halada laisos

nagnukgnil nagned aisunam nagnubuH .aisunam ratna iskaretni

labmit nagnubuh ada uata ,ihuragnepmem gnilas aynlaisos

nad aisunam adap huragnepreb tapad nagnukgniL .kilab

nkilabes adap huragnep iaynupmem aguj aisunam ay

ikilimem gnay gnarO .)72:3002 ,otiglaW( nagnukgnil

nagnubuh anamiagab iuhategnem upmam ,laisos nasadrecek

akerem utigeb nagned ,ajrekeb aynnagnukgnil nad aisunam

limem i .laisos isingok uata laisos naitregnep ik neP ger s nait laiso

halada uti laisos ainud nanamiagab gnatnet nauhategnep

,ajrekeb aynranebes ,laisos ainud kitsiretkarak anamiagab


42

,nilajret uti laisos ainud anamiagab tapad aggnihes

hadumrepmem nad iskaretni .nial gnaro nagned amas ajrek

gnarO nep iklimem gnay ge hat ,laisos nauhat gnay apa u

bek malad nakparahid an kay na aisos isautis arac atat itrepes ,l

nial gnaro hamur ek umatreb , nad teliot nakanuggnem arac atat

gnaro iskiderpmem upmam aguj akereM .mumu - gnay gnaro

kopmolek utaus malad asaukreb tapad

,nameloG( 121:7002 - )321 .

.2 os satilisaF s lai

os satailisaF s ek adap kajipreb lai idajret tapad raga laisos naradas

l gnay iskaretni sos satilisaF .fitkefe nad racna :itupilem lai

.a inorkniS

inorkniS nagned racnal araces iskaretnireb naupmamek halada

kanuggnem tapad raga ,labrevnon asahab na imahamem nad

nakiauseynem gnades aynaracib namet uata nial gnaro akij

pakgnuret kadit gnay aynirid malad naasarep utaus nakasarem

.labrev asahab tawel gnitnep idajnem ini inorknis naupmameK

aro aumes kadit anerak nagned nakpakgnugnem upmam gn

tnet akubret atak tawel aynnaasarep gna - atak . non asahaB

atak nakanuggnem kadit gnay asahab nakapurem labrev - ,atak

hab taraysi naknialem a tam napatat itrepes hubut as nakareg ,a

uata nakareg ,alapek isisop erpske ,ikak nad nagnat hajaw is ,

,aracib adan nad araus emulov 38:0102 ,tezzA( - )48 .


52

tauk nad salej gnilap aynranebes labrevnon asahaB

tafisreb ilakgnires ipatet ,naasarep akena nakiapmaynem

hutub aggnihes ,labrev asahab nagned nagnatnetreb nad ,rubak

nalipmaretek ynimahamam asib kutnu .)66:5991 ,aynkitarpuS( a

.b irid isatneserP

irid isatneserP naupmamek halada kutnu gnaroeses

irid naklipmanem kiab nagned nagned iskaretnireb tapad raga

fitkefe araces nial gnaro arac itupilem ini nalipmaneP .

racibreb arac ,naiakapreb .hajaw iserpske nad ,hubut kareg ,a

gnaroeses naupmamek nagned tare natiakreb irid isatneserP

nad aynidabirp lanegnem malad halognem idajnem aynirid

limem gnay idabirp i uata aynirid malad kiab gnay utauses ik

ytuaeb renni . mem kutnU i kiab gnay utauses ikil lah ,irid malad

itisop rikipreb ulales halada nakukalid tapad gnay gnitnep nad ,f

nasulutek hunep pakisreb .)68 :0102 ,tezzA( kepsa utas halaS

.amsirak halada irid isatneserp malad gnitnep gnay amsiraK

ikilimem gnay gnaroeses naidabirpek satilauk halada

ek nakiratretek naktikgnabmem kutnu asaib raul gnay naupmam

.aynirid padahret nial gnaro mugak asar nad aynada nagneD

malad ek nial gnaro awabmem tapad gnaroeses ,amsirak

esek sua ai takimem upmam nad ikadnehekid gnay amari n

irid isatneserP .nial gnaro naasarep naksurahgnem aguj

iserpske iputunem nad nakiladnegnem kutnu naupmamek


62

id irid ayacrep nagned lipmat tapad aggnihes ,isome paites

laisos isautis 621:7002 ,nameloG( - )721 . thcerblA lraK malad(

iagabes ini isatneserp tubeynem )62 ,6002 ,ododiW okE

icitnehtua yt raseb aparebes nakujnunem nailsaeK .nailsaek uata

nupuam ,nial gnaro padahret kiab ,rujuj pakisreb gnaroeses

naupmamek nakapurem aguj nailsaeK .iridnes aynirid padahret

iridnes aynirid iagrahgnem malad gnaroeses gnaro aggnihes ,

dahret ayacrep tapad nial ialin pa - .ayngnagepid gnay ialin

.c huragneP

nagned utauses nakiapmaynem naupmamek halada huragneP

gnay naaracibmep itah ,kiab - ,imahapid hadum ,hararet ,itah

tapad aggnihes ,itah id anegnem nad ,tahes laka amiretid tapad

em kutnu aynaracib namet ihuragnepmem .utauses nakukal

limem gnay gnarO i irid nakiladnegnem tapad huragnep ik

adap iludep kutnu naupmamek ikilimem nad ,akerem

iauses nakadnit nakukalem nad nial gnaro nahutubek

ubesret nahutubek 68:0102 ,tezzA( t - )78 . thcerblA lraK malad(

em )62 ,6002 ,ododiW okE iagabes ini huragnep tubeyn

uata naridahek ecneserp naupmamek itrareb gnay

,nalipmanep nakanuggnem nagned gnaroeses ihuragnepmem

aggnihes ,ikilimid gnay hubut asahab nad itah anasaus

id adareb gnay gnaro taubmem .namayn asarem ayngnililekes


72

.d nailudepeK

peK tahrepmem gnay gnaroeses pakis halada nailude nad naki

tubek padahret nitahirp gnay utauses uata nial gnaro nahu

malad idajret utnetret nagnukgnil uata isidnok nailudepeK .

nahutubek imahamem asib kutnu gnaroeses gnorodnem tapad

kutnu karegret nad nial gnaro aynnaatirednep naknagnirem

ayngnolonem uata ,tezzA( )88:0102 nailudepeK .

hisak salebreb kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek naknimrecnem

ikilimem gnay gnarO .nial gnaro naatirednep padahret

nad ,aganet ,utkaw nakgnaulem aidesreb naka ,nailudepek

iretam mem kutnu be ir .nial gnaro igab nautnab nak nikameS

kutnu nagnorod halraseb nikames ,gnaroeses nailudepek raseb

nial gnaro gnolonem )231:7002 ,nameloG( .

kepsA - kepsa laisos nasadrecek nakanugid sata id nameloG turunem

bes nemurtsni nanusuynep rasad iaga ni naitilenep malad .i

nialeS kepsa - kepsa nameloG turunem malad( nosrednA ,

agit iaynupmem laisos nasadrecek awhab nakpakgnugnem )42:5002,airafaS

:utiay ,nial amas utas isignem gnilas gnay isnemid

.1 laicoS s tivitisne y nad nakasarem kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek utiay ,

aer itamagnem isk - aynnakujutid gnay nial gnaro nahaburep uata iskaer

non nupuam ,labrev araces kiab nad imahamem tapad aggnihes ,labrev

iskaer aynada iradaynem - .nial gnaro irad fitagen nad fitisop iskaer

naupmamek naktakgninem kutnU s sos sativitisne lai ini , gnaro paites


82

nakukalem uata laisosorp pakis ,itapme pakis nakgnabmegnem ulrep

k araces larom nakadnit utauses ajrekeb ,gnolonem gnolot irepes larutlu

,iagrahgnem gnilas ,amas nad itamrohgnem .

.2 coS thgisni lai isautis imahamem kutnu gnaroeses naupmamek utiay ,

s akite nad isautis nagned irid nakiauseynem upmam aggnihes,laiso

.tubesret thgisni laicoS imahamam malad naupmamek nakapurem aguj

iskaretni utaus malad fitkefe gnay halasam nahacemep iracnem nad

halasam aggnihes ,laisos - isaler nakrucnahgnem kadit tubesret halasam

sos tapad gnay irid naradasek halada ini naupmamek irad rasaD .lai

naadaek kiab aynirid naadaek imahamem upmam gnaroeses taubmem

id naadaek nupuam ,aynirid malad .aynirid raul

.3 coS noitacinummoc lai malad gnaroeses naupmamek utiay ,

isakinumok sesorp nakanuggnem nugnabmem nad nilajnem malad

.tahes gnay laisos nagnubuh nagned nugnabid ini naupmameK

nalipmaretek nad nutnas araces isakinumokreb nalipmaretek

.fitkefe araces nakragnednem

iroet nakrasadreB - kepsa gnatnet iroet - gnay laisos nasadrecek kepsa

elo nakpakgnuid id ilha aparebeb h ,sata kepsa awhab nakatakid tapad - kepsa

kana irid malad tapadret aguj tubesret - gnabmekreb ialum gnay kana

ipatet ,aynlaisos nasadrecek .anahredes hibel gnay kutneb malad dujuwret


92

.D rotkaF - rotkaF ihuragnemeM gnay nasadreceK laisoS kanA

a paiteS ihunemem tapad kutnu nial gnaro nakhutubmem kan

bek ib kadit kanA .aynlaisos nahutu sa ,aynlaisos nagnukgnil irad sapel

.laisos nagnukgnil iulalem gnabmekreb nad rajaleb akerem anerak

agnatamek utnenep idajnem tapad ,gnukudnem gnay laisos nagnukgniL n

iskaretni iulaleM .aynitnan kana sigolokisp nagnukgnil nagned ,aynlaisos

.atnic nad gnayas hisak ,naitahrep naka nahutubek ihunemem tapad akerem

sulumits irebmem laisos nagnukgniL - apureb gnay sulumits pakis - ,pakis

naasaibek - naruta ,naasaibek - alin ,naruta i- amron nad pudih ialin - gnay amron

ukalreb ok adap ucagnem ini rotkaF . aisunam tard gnay iagabes nakatpicid

kulhkam emsilaudonom udividni kulhkam halada aisunam isis utas id utiay ,

halada aisunam nial isis id nad ,iridnes irid nagned nagnubuh ikilimem gnay

os kulhkam s isautis nad nial gnaro nagned nagnubuh nakhutubmem gnay lai

isnetop iaynupmem itardok araces aisunaM .aynratikes - aynah gnay isnetop

nagnasgnar ada alib gnabmekreb asib - .aynlaisos nagnukgnil irad nagnasgnar

lab labmit nagnubuh nakhubmunem ini laH ( ki noitcaretni lacorpicer aratna )

isunam aynratikes nagnukgnil nagned a ,otiglaW( 52:3002 - .)62

nasadrecek nagnabmekreP ihuragnepid tagnas aguj kana adap laisos

aut gnaro nagnibmib uata naukalrep sesorp helo gnaro nad - hibel gnay gnaro

urug itrepes ,asawed asawed hibel gnay gnaro nad aut gnarO . naklanegnem

amron uata ,laisos napudihek kepsa iagabreb - napudihek amron

amron nakparenem anamiagab nad takaraysamreb - malad tubesret amron

irahes napudihek - rah neP .i ge nalan tapet araces aut gnaro naukalrep nad


03

na adap nakatpicnem naka ,laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem malad ka

nakapurem ini isaleR .aut gnaro nagned kana aratna sinomrah gnay isaler

kanA .rajaleb kana utnabmem malad fitkefe gnay tala - tapad naka kana

nagnatnat padahret irid nakiladnegnem - yahab nad nagnatnat ajamer asam a

,abokran ,sabeb naluagrep itrepes nad sinomrah nagnubuH .nasarekek kadnit

upmam aynnial asawed gnaro nad aut gnaro akitek atpicret naka ini

,akerem nahutubek ipaggnanem nagned kana adap irid naksaraleynem

amek nad tanim gnukudnem nad itregnem tapad aguj aut gnarO .aynnaupm

gnay napakacrep nakatpicnem nagned fitisop gnay anasaus nakatpicnem

,nameloG( tagnames habmanem nad romuh kaynab ,nakgnaneynem

.)083:7002

nagnabmekrep ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf ,laisos nagnukgnil nialeS

lada laisos nasadrecek .hitalreb nad rajaleb rotkaf ha a ,rajaleb malaD kan -

id ada gnay gnaro ukalirep alop urinem uata itukignem gnurednec kana

apa tagnignem naka akereM .aut gnaro laisos ukalirep kusamret ,aynratikes

al asawed hibel gnay gnaro uata aut gnaro helo nakukalid gnay aynni nad

gnalureb araces aynnakukalem naka - gnalu hotnoc idajnem gnay gnaro akiJ .

gnaruk aguj kana nagnurednecek ada akam ,laisos araces sadrec gnaruk

.aynkilabes aguj utigeb nad laisos nasadrecek ikilimem

.)652:8791,kcolruH(

aynukub malad nameloG leinaD ludujreb gnay ecnegilletnI laicoS ,

ihuragnepid aguj laisos nasadrecek nagnabmekrep awhab nakhabmanem

helo naumenep nakrasadreb nakpakgnuid ini laH .laisos kato - naumenep


13

faras umli ilha arap irad urab aynrasad adap awhab nakumenem gnay

s uti kato nagnacnar .luagreb akus idajnem kato taubmem tapad iridne katO

iskaretni rutagnem gnay faras emsinakem hurules halmuj nakapurem laisos -

laisos katO .nial gnaro gnatnet gnaroeses naasarep nad narikip ,iskaretni

,kato id tapadret gnay faras gnirajej naiakgnar nakapurem adebreb gnay

akitek saralesreb nad saul gnay gnatner ikilimem nad rilagnem numan

ikilimem kadit faras umli aynrasad adaP .nial gnaro nagned nagnubuhreb

nakpakgnugnem faras ilha arap ipatet ,ini laisos kato gnatnet susuhk atep

nay kato faras nagniraj awhab laisos sativitka adap gnutnagret ini ajrekeb g

nasep amirenem gnaroeses akitek aynlasiM .nakukalid gnay - isome nasep

metsis nugnabmem nimrec noruen ,aynaracib namet araus adan adap

naiakgnar nagned kirotomarp sketrok nad alusni nakgnubuhgnem gnay

mil metsis aladgima amaturet ,kib gnay halini faras natabmeJ .

m mem tapad gnaroeses naknikgnume gnaro hubut aguj nad kato ihuragnep

.iskaretnireb akitek nial :7002 ,nameloG( 434 - )534 . nimrec norueN halini

ro gnadnap tudus irad ainud tahilem gnaroeses naknikgnumem gnay gna

taubmem tapad utnetret takgnit adap ,ini nimrec noruen metsiS .nial

nial gnaro hajaw iserpske nad itah anasaus acabmem upmam gnaroeses

,nesneJ( )331:1102 . laisos kato awhab nakpakgnugnem ini urab naumeneP

am hubut malad sigoloib metsis ilikawem tapad surenem suret gnay aisun

gnay ,nial gnaro hainitab naadaek nagned gnaroeses naksaraleynem

dumek laisos ukalirep naklucnumem nai .


23

awhab nakpakgnugnem aguj nameloG leinaD ,laisos kato nialeS

nganabmekrep ihuragnepmem tapad gnaroeses isome nasadrecek

sadrecek gnilas ini nasadrecek audek aynrasad adaP .laisos na

gnaro irad awemitsi nataukek nagned rilagnem tapad isomE .ihuragnepmem

araces gnay gnaro irad rilagnem aynasaib nad ,isaler utaus nilajnem gnay

od gnaruk gnay gnaro adapek gnatam nad nanimod hibel laisos .nanim

gnay itah anasaus nakanuggnem nagned utauses nakiapmaynem urug akiteK

,awsis adapek kurub tahilret aynlisah ipatet ,nakiaselesid gnay sagut kaynab

naka isome milki ,kurub anasaus nakanuggnem nagneD .kiab utnet muleb

mek libmagnem halet anerak ,kasur hibel ajrekeb kutnu awsis kato naupma

sarek ,laisos narakutrep halada aynrasad adap ,dirum nad urug aratna isaleR .

isome nakareggnem asib urug anamid - hibel naadaek malad ek awsis isome

nakasarem naka awsis ,kiab gnay narakutrep malaD .kurub hibel uata kiab

ini isome narakutreP .urug fitisop pakis nad nagnukud ,itapme nad naitahrep

nipmip aratna isaler itrepes nup apa isaler malad idajret tapad na nagned

ada nupikseM .neisap nagned retkod ,kana nagned aut gnaro ,nahawab

isaler malad naasaukek naadebrep - isaler ikilimem ini nagnubuh aumes ,ini

nakhab nagnabmekrep ,nahubmutrep naktakgninem kutnu isnetop

malad gnaroeses igab gnorodnep idajnem ini laH .nahubmeynep

utumreb narakutrep aynkilabeS .aynlaisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem

awsis taubmem ,hadner nay gnaro uata nanimod gnaruk laisos araces g

macnaret nad isalosiret asarem 073:7002 ,nameloG( - .)173


33

.E kopmoleK nagnibmiB

ibmiB nakirebid gnay nagnibmib nanayalep halada kopmolek nagn

nagnibmiB .naamasreb gnay utkaw malad ,gnaro utas irad hibel adapek

tsni malad kopmolek mulukiruk irad naigab nakapurem nakididnep isuti

namalagnep nakapurem gnay ,halokes - iulalem idajret gnay namalagnep

.nagnibmib nanayalep nagnitnepek kutnu sahk gnay kopmolek nakutnebmep

kopmolek nagnibmiB nakidajid tapad gnajnunem kutnu anaras

nagnabmekrep gnisam lamitpo - kopmolek nagnibmiB .awsis gnisam

utreb am inayalid gnay awsis raga nauj ,iridnes aynnapudihek rutagnem upm

,pakis libmagnem upmam ,iridnes pudih pisnirp nad nagnadnap ikilimem

paites irad okiser gnuggnanem inareb nad ,bawajgnuggnatreb inareb

aynnakadnit ( lekniW 365:4002 , - 565 .)

iauses nakanaskalid kopmolek nagnibmib ,aynnaanaskalep malaD

kipot nagned - kahip irad mit uata KB urug helo nususid halet gnay kipot

kipoT .halokes - kopmolek nagnibmib kipot nakapurem utaus nalupmuk

am uata nahab ,nasagag nanayal nautas malad nakgnaut id gnay iret

nanayal nakirebmem malad naudnap iagabes nakanugid gnay nagnibmib

ulrep KB urug ,laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem kutnU .nagnibmib

malad awsis nahutubek nagned iauses gnay kipot aparebeb nakutnenem

nairebmep paites ini kopmolek nagnibmib nanayal ragA .nagnibmib nanayal

f nakitahrepmem ulrep aguj KB urug ,narasas ianegnem rotka - rotkaf

itrepes ,gnukudnep nahab ,utkaw isakola - gnay kahip ,nakanugid gnay nahab


43

rotakidni ,isaulave ,iretam nakawabmem naka - gni gnay rotakidni ,iapacid ni

iretam rebmus uata iroet nasadnal nad ,edotem .

.F M malad KB nareP ne ge S nasadreceK nakgnabm os kanA lai

aynrasad adaP nagnabmekrep k os nasadrece s nakapurem kana lai

umes bawaj gnuggnat a malad tabilret gnay gnaro nakididnep sesorp .kana

ekreP m nagnab rasebret bawaj gnuggnat ,kana adap huruleynem araces ayn

teT .aut gnaro halada kana ipa - nem gnay kana halokes id nakididnep itukig

naka dajnem halokes bawaj gnuggnat i . muleb gnay laisos nasadreceK

ekreb bid tapad ,agraulek id gnabm okes id nakididnep tawel utna .hal kahiP

.KB urug halada aynutas halas tabilret gnay halokes KB uruG nakapurem

tuki gnay kididnep aganet irad naigab utnabmem malad narepreb awsis

aynnapudihek kepsa paites malad gnabmies araces gnabmekreb , kusamret

kepsa laisos nasadrecek .

aD mal abmem utn sos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem lai awsis urug ,

KB iretam nakirebmem tapad - itrepes ,kopmolek nagnibmib iulalem iretam

kopmolek nagnibmib niop malad nakiaruid hadus gnay aynmulebes iretam , -

nasadrecek nagnabmegnep nagned natiakreb surah nakirebid gnay iretam

kopmolek nagnibmib naujut aggnihes ,kana laisos nad nagnabmekrep

tapad awsis laisos nasadrecek nalajreb .naamasreb araces

iretam nakiapmaynem nialeS - KB urug ,iretam tnabmem aguj u

em m nahital nakireb - nahital nakirebmem ,itrepes ,kcabdeef nagned

nakirebmem .kana nakukalid hadus gnay apa padahret naialinep KB uruG


53

m tapad aguj kana utnabme upmam kutnu ,nial gnaro naasarep imahamem

m kutnu kana hitale tikas gnades gnay namet adap iludep uata hides nagned

uata ,tikas gnades gnay namet ignujnugnem akerem kajagnem utrak silunem

nagnukud iagabes ,tikas gnades gnay namet adapek sagut nakukalem

hitalem nad ,gnanet nagned kitirk amirenem rajaleb ,kopmolek

.)47:4002 ,onrapuS( namet nagned ajrek nalipmaretek

:0102( tezzA gnay naupmamek aparebeb nakpakgnugnem )65

retid ebmem utnabmem malad aut gnaro helo nakpa laisos nasadrecek kutn

meK .kana am naup .halokes id KB urug helo nakparetid tapad aguj aguj ini

naupmameK - naupmamek halada uti :

.1 tapad KB uruG .lanoisautis naradasek naupmameK gnibmibmem awsis

mem upmam kutnu a nad imah gnaro naasarep nad kah padahret akep

s ,nial aka awsis aggnihe .kiab gnay lanoisautis naradasek iaynupmem n

nem aynlasiM aubmem kutnu kana adap nakrajag adap hapmas gn

ipatet nahadniek nad nahisrebek imed ajas nakub ini laH .ayntapmet

ro iagrahgnem kutnu aguj helorepmem kutnu kahreb gnay nial gna

.hisreb gnay tapmet

.2 kutnu awsis gnibmibmem tapad KB uruG .irid awabmem naupmameK

gnay ukalirepreb nad pakisreb amron nad narutarep nagned iauses

hibelret ,tapmetes takaraysam helo amiretid tapad nad ukalreb gnay

akitek nial gnaro nagned napadahreb aynlasim uti ukalireP .

iret nakpacugnem kutnu nakasaibmem ,utauses nakirebid akij hisak am


63

m kraulegnem kadit ,nahalasek nakukalem akij faam atnime atak na -

gnades akij rasak atak ma .aynnamet adap har

.3 naupmameK a uruG .satisitnetu nagnibmib nakirebmem tapad KB

iridnes irid padahret naayacrepek nad naakubretek ,narujujek ianegnem

uata naranebek nakujnunem tapad awsis aggnihes ,nial gnaro nad

pad aggnihes aynhuggnuses gnay irid nailsaek a .nial gnaro iuhatekid t

iuhatekid tapad ini laH gnay pakis nad ,aracib arac iulalem

jnunem uagrep aggnihes ,nasulutek naku aynnamet nagned awsis nal

gnay naluagrep nakapurem fitisop . tapad aguj KB uruG uti nialeS

awsis gnibmibmem nasadnal iagabes nasulutek nakidajnem tapad raga

ynukal hakgnit paites malad utaus nilajnem tapad awsis aggnihes ,a

pad nad ,tabatramreb hibel ,tauk gnay isaler ubes ipudihgnem ta ah ialin

.napudihek

.4 kutnu awsis hitalem nad gnibmibmem tapad KB uruG .nasalejeK

edi uata tapadnep nakiapmaynem inareb - tapad nad salej araces aynedi

miretid nakadagnem nagned nakukalid tapad ini laH .nial gnaro helo a

,kopmolek akimanid ,kopmolek isuksid nad amasreb golaid .

.5 itapmereb naupmameK . tapad raga awsis gnibmibmem tapad KB uruG

aynitapme nakgnabmegnem meK .kiab nagned am itapme naup ini

nakujnutid tapad em nagned imahamem upmam kutnu kana hital

m uam nad ,nial gnaro naasarep e naitahrep hunep nagned nakragnedn

.nial gnaro helo nakiapmasid gnay apa


73

naupmamek nialeS - gnitnepret gnay ,sata id naupmamek halada urug

awsis nagned irid naksaraleynem tapad surah KB iapaggnanem nad

amem ,aynitah anasaus imahamem ,aynnahutubek ah gnukudnem nad im

nakujnunem tapad aguj KB uruG .aynnaupmamek nad tanim ,takab

salek gnaur nakatpicnem ,awsis adap fitisop nagnadnap nad natagnahek

em gnay napakacrep nugnabmem nagned namayn gnay nad nakgnaneyn

gnay salek gnaur nemejanam ikilimem ulrep aguj KB uruG .tagnamesreb

awsis aggnihes ,lebiskelf numan salej gnay satinitur nagned ,sugab - awsis

naruta itukignem - aynkadnehek anerak numan ,askapret nagned kadit naruta

iridnes :7002 ,nameloG( 083 - .)183

07:0102( tezzA turuneM - laisos nasadrecek ikilimem kana raga ,)87

,kiab gnay utnabmem ulrep aut gnaro a nakgnabmegnem malad kan

nalipmaretek - tapad aguj ini nakukalid gnay nautnaB .laisos nalipmaretek

helo nakukalid g halokes id KB uru . nalipmareteK - nalipmaretek gnay laisos

awsis adap nakparetid utiay :

.1 isakinumokreb nalipmareteK

mareteK pukacnem ini isakinumokreb nalip k ,aracibreb naupmame

m naupmamek en gnaro adapek kiab nagned tapadnep nakiapmay

mem upmam sugilakes ,nial a ata nopser nakirebmem nad imah s

.nial gnaro nagned nilajret gnay isakinumok tapad ini nalipmareteK

gnay apa nakpakgnugnem awsis atnimem nagned naktakgnitid

urug nad ,nakrikip nad nakasar ai gnay apa ,aynnanigniek idajnem

nagned nopserem ilakeses nad ,amaskes nagned nakragnednem KB


83

trep .urab naayna kana hitalem tapad aguj KB uruG tapad kutnu

non asahab imahamem namet helo nakpakgnuid gnay labrev

.aynaracib

.2 nalipmareteK asar nakgnabmegnem romuh

nalipmaretek nakgnabmegnem malaD nakatpicnem urug ,romuh

laD .romuh taubmem upmam surah aguj KB iskaretni ma - iskaretni

ynkiabes awsis nagned id aguj a naka awsiS .romuh nagned igniles

kutnu aguj gnorodret akerem aggnihes ,namayn nad gnanes asarem

.nial gnaro nagned akerem iskaretni malad romuh nakgnabmegnem

nagnir asar nad isaler naktakelem tapad romuH itah id .

.3 natabahasrep nilajnem nalipmareteK

gnitnep tagnas idajnem natabahasrep nilajnem nalipmareteK

naka DS awsis ,ayntujnales nagnabmekrep pahat adap anerak tapad

nakhutubmem ini nalipmareteK .aynnaluagrep saulrepmem

nahutubek imahamem malad naupmamek KB uruG .nial gnaro

kopmolek akimanid nakadagnem uata iretam nakirebmem tapad

gnilas ,namet iagrahgnem ,igabreb gnilas amet nagned

amet nagneD .amas ajrek ,itamrohgnem - naka awsis ,uti amet

tabahasrep nilajnem hadum a nial gnaro nagned n

.4 arepreb nalipmareteK olek malad n m kop

nakgnabmegnem malad hitalid ulrep gnay gnitnep laH

nainarebek halada kopmolek malad narepreb nalipmaretek

natapmesek irebmem tapad KB uruG .tapadnep nakiapmaynem


93

nad ,akerem tapadnep nakpakgnugnem kutnu awsis adapek

et tapadnep nakharagnem tubesr idajnem sib gnay tapadnep a

hadus awsis akiJ .fitisop taubreb kutnu nial gnaro ihuragnepmem

padnep nakiapmaynem upmam a aynirid naayacrepek akam ,aynt

akerem raga gnitnep ladom nakapurem ini laH .nugnabret aguj

m .aynkopmolek malad narepreb upma

.5 mareteK naluagrep malad nutnas naposreb nalip

ruG u nauhategnep habmanem nad iretam nakirebmem tapad KB

utnas napos gnatnet awsis n nad takaraysam id ukalreb gnay

malagnep ilaggnem na huajes hadus ,akerem anam akerem

rem iskaretni malad nutnas napos pakis naknalajnem nagned ake

awsis ,kiab gnay nutnas napos nalipmaretek nagneD .nial gnaro

naridaheK .akerem naluagrep malad seskus nad hadum hibel naka

kiab gnay tapmet tapadnem naka laisos naluagrep malad id akerem ,

em kutnu ladom idajnem ini nad d malad naseskusek tapadn inu a

.laisos ainud nad ajrek

naupmameK - nalipmaretek nad naupmamek - id nalipmaretek ,sata

S id KB urug helo nakparetid tapad haloke D rasa . S id KB uruG haloke

D aguj rasa salek urug nagned amas ajrekeb ulrep halokes agraw aumes nad

namahamep nakirebmem nagned nahitalep nad nakgnabmegnem anamiagab

narajalep tawel laisos nasadrecek - gnay narajalep id ada .halokes amas ajreK

idajnem anerak gnitnep tagnas kaynab gnaruk rasaD halokeS id salek urug

,nakanacnerem kutnu pukuc gnay nalipmaretek nad nauhategnep ilakebid


04

nem ,nakanaskalem g nanayalep margorp itujnalkadninem nad isaulave

gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB megnep adap aynsusuhk laisos nasadrecek nagnab

.awsis k nagnabmekreP awsis laisos nasadrece .salek id idajret aynutas halas

B urug apagnem nasala idajnem gnay halini laH amas ajrekeb ulrep K

.salek urug nagned ,KB urug ikilimem kadit gnay rasaD halokeS igaB

.salek urug bawaj gnuggnat idajnem awsis laisos nasadrecek nagnabmekrep

ek nakgnabmegnem malad awsis utnabmem tapad salek uruG nasadrec

pmignem nagned aynlaisos isatnemel naupmamek nak - nad naupmamek

nalipmaretek - laisos nalipmaretek kokop naijaynep iulalem - nasahab kokop

malad utnetret rajagnem rajaleb sesorp .


14

III BAB

EDOTEM NAITILENEP

baB y lah aparebeb taumem ,ini edotem nagned natiakreb gna ,naitilenep

,naitilenep sinej nial aratna naitilenep kejbus nemurtsni , t ,naitilenep nad satidilav

satilibailer , atres kinket sisilana .atad

.A naitileneP sineJ

ni naitileneP fitpirksed naitilenep kusamret i .ievrus edotem nagned

P helorepmem kutnu gnacnarid ievrus edotem nagned fitpirksed naitilene

susak irad satabret fitaler gnay atad naklupmugnem nagned isamrofni - susak

fitaler gnay .aynhalmuj raseb d ini fitpirksed naitileneP nagned nakukali

kitsiretkarak nad atkaf sitametsis araces nakrabmaggnem kutnu naujut

nahcruF( tapet araces itiletid gnay kejbus 514:5002 - )814 . tafiS fitpirksed

gnatnet narabmag helorepmem kutnu nakduskamid ini naitilenep malad

takgnit sis laisos nasadrecek uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek aw nuhat

02 naraja 2102/11 .

.B naitileneP kejbuS

S kejbu d naitilenep mala salek awsis halada uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5

awsis 78 halmujreb gnay 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT awsiS . - tubesret awsis

k 3 malad igabret gnay sale gnisam - gnisam .awsis 92 halmujreb salek


24

.C naitileneP nemurtsnI

.1 sineJ i nemurtsn

gnay fitatitnauk naitilenep nakapurem ini naitileneP

atad lupmugnep tala nakanuggnem nemurtsni uata .renoiseuk apureb

nemurtsnI uK halada ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay e renois

sadreceK nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK awsiS laisoS na

uK .pututret kutneb nagned 2102/1102 narajA e pututret kutneb renois

naataynrep isireb ini - nabawaj nahilip nagned iatresid gnay naataynrep

.)062:5002 ,nahcruF( tubesret naataynrep kutnu uK e gnay renois

sid kepsa taumem itilenep helo nusu - kepsa turunem laisos nasadrecek

nameloG leinaD , : utiay natapetek ,nasaraleynep ,rasad itapme

,irid isatneserp ,inorknis ,laisos isingok uata laisos naitregnep ,kitapme

huragnep nad nailudepek . rotakidnI - akret gnay rotakidni lad gnudn a m

kepsa - nad naupmamek nagned nakiausesid tubesret kepsa

.DS 5 salek awsis ini lah malad ,kana nagnabmekrep

.2 s naataynrep tamroF alak

itilenep nususid gnay naataynrep tamroF 06 taumem ritub

gnay naataynrep taubid nakrasadreb pisnirp - pisnirp trekiL gnitamuS

elacS gnitaR S uata M pakiS alak .trekiL ledo P naataynre - naataynrep

taumem alaks malad meti - fitisop tafisreb gnay naataynrep meti

( elbarovaf fitagen tafisreb gnay nad ) ( vafnu elbaro ini alakS .)

nabawaj fitanretla uata ispo tapme nagned ipakgnelid utiay tagnaS

gnadaK ,gnireS ,gnires - gnaraJ tagnaS nad gnadak ispo ini alaks adaP .


34

nednopser nagnurednecek ignarugnem kutnu nakatresid kadit larten

naktakgninem kutnu nad larten gnay nabawaj nakirebmem malad

.isnopser satilibairav

.3 s nautneneP rok

nautneneP sk ro malad naklisahid gnay atad nahalognep

ini nemurtsni fitisop naataynrep kutnu ( metI elbarovaF ) halada :

gnireS tagnaS 4 =

3 = gnireS

gnadaK - gnadak 2 =

gnaraJ tagnaS 1 =

kutnU naataynrep ( fitagen metI elbarovafnU ) roks nakanekid

aynkilabes . T ks lato ro paites roks nahalmujnep lisah halada nednopser

aidesret gnay meti hurules irad nahalo atad iagabes nakidajid nad

ini naitilenep sisilana nagnitnepek kutnu .

.4 isiK - s isik alak

isiK - atinakaraT DS salek awsis laisoS nasadreceK alaks isik

araja nuhaT uraB oloS 2102/1102 n nakrabmagid aboc iju mulebes

:ayntujnales namalah adap 1 lebat malad


44

.1 lebaT

isiK - uK isik e renois K awsiS laisoS nasadreceK DS 5 sale atinakaraT2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS

oN kepsA rotakidnI metI oN

metIvaF

metIvafnU

.1 itapmE rasaD .a M nial gnaro naasarep nakasare 1 74, 52 83, .b M taraysi nakasare - isome taraysi

labrevnon

84,62 2

2 nasaraleyneP .a akubret nagned nakragnedneM 94,3 72 .b M nakiapmasid gnay apa imahame

nial gnaro helo 4 82

.c M gnay nasep naksaraleynel gnaro nakiapmasid apa nagned nia

uti gnaro helo nakasarid gnay

5 05

.d M gnay nasep naksaraleyne apa nagned nial gnaro nakiapmasid

uti gnaro helo nakrikipid gnay

6 92,

.e M sata sarales nopser nakirebme gnaro helo nakiapmas id gnay apa

nial

15 03, 7

.3 natapeteK ,kitapme

.a M nial gnaro ,narikip imahametapet araces

8 13,95,

.b M imahame naasarep nial gnaro ,tapet araces

25,9

.4 naitregneP uata laisos

isingok laisos

.a M kitsiretkarak gnatnet iuhategne laisos ainud

23,11,01

.b M ainud arac gnatnet iuhategnenilajret laisos

3,21 45,3

.c M naparah gnatnet iuhategne -laisos naparah

31 43,

5 inorkniS .a B nagned racnal araces iskaretnire labrevnon asahab nakanuggnem

,51 ,63 65

6 isatneserP irid

.a M kiab nagned irid naklipmane 75,73 61

.b M idabirp lanegne 71 93

.c M nem aynirid halogne idabirp idajlimem gnay i kiab gnay utauses ikaynirid malad

81 35

.d M some iserpske nakiladnegne i ,53 04


54

oN kepsA rotakidnI metI oN

metIvaF

metIvafnU

7 huragneP

.a M nagned utauses nakiapmaynegnay naaracibmep hararet

91 14

.b M ed utauses nakiapmayne nagngnay naaracibmep imahapid hadum

02 24

.c M nagned utauses nakiapmayne amiretid tapad gnay naaracibmep

tahes laka

34 12

.d M nagned utauses nakiapmayneitah id anegnem gnay naaracibmep

44 55, 22

.e M aynaracib namet ihuragnepmeutauses nakukalem kutnu

54 85, 42,32

8 nailudepeK .a M gnaro nahutubek nakitahrepmenial

4,41 ,6 06

meti latot halmuJ 44 61

.D satilibaileR nad satidilaV

.1 k satidilaV eu renois

nad satidilav ihunemem surah ruku tala ,nakanugid mulebeS

.satilibailer etek anam huajes itra iaynupmem satidilaV nad natap

satidilaV .aynruku isgnuf nakukalem malad ruku tala utaus natamrecek

itrareb kutnu nakanugid tapad nususid gnay nemurtsni awhab

rukuid surah gnay apa rukugnem ( onoyiguS 02 , 01 : 371 .)

i satidilav halada ini naitilenep malad askirepid gnay satidilaV is

( ytidilav tnetnoc satidilav halada isi satidilaV .) adap kujnunem gnay

gnay isi naknimrecnem nususid gnay nemurtni anam huajes

ikadnehekid . ,ini naitilenep malaD nakrasadid nemurtsni nanusuynep

isik adap - rksed/nahab ,naujut kepsa nagned iauses gnay isik ,nahab ispi

naataynrep halmuj nad rotakidni pait rotakidni ( 592:7002 ,nahcruF .)


64

nagnabmitrep adap nakrasadid isi satidilav nahunepretek naaskiremeP

( ilha halmujes helo hasipret araces nakukalid gnay gduj trepxe tnem ) .

epid isi satidilav ini naitilenep malaD .srD helo askir H.R ,taruniS .jD.

M. nesod halada uaileB .A idutS margorp gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU .A.M ,taruniS .jD.H.R.srD ,

kepsa nakitahrepmem hibel kutnu nakusam nad iskerok irebmem -

kadit rotakidnI .rotakidni nad kepsa uata amas ankamreb helob

.adnag ankamreb kepsA - nagned nakiausesid surah rotakidni nad kepsa

nad iroet nasadnal rikip ayad awsis DS nakrasadreB .5 salek nakusam

niop rotakidni nakgnalihgnem itilenep ,uti a utiay huragnep kepsa adap

utauses nakiapmaynem ” metI ,”hararet gnay naaracibmep nagned

tubesret ankamreb niop rotakidni nagned amas b gnay kepsa adap

utiay ,amas ” hadum gnay naaracibmep nagned utauses nakiapmaynem

imahapid ” .

karp gnaroes helo askirep id aguj ini isi satidilav uti nialeS id isit

agnapal .lF utiay n ,otnawsiS toraJ P.S DS urug halada uaileB .d

uraB oloS atinakaraT DS awsis rajagnem hadus gnay nuhat 11 amales

retkarak itregnem nad DS awsis . .lF S toraJ otnawsi , P.S d irebmem

atak kutnu iskerok - ak id aynkiabes ”huca kat huca” at ,”keuc” itnag

anerak irebmem aguj uaileB .itregnem hibel kana raga naras taas

atak nakagarepmem surah itilenep ,renoiseuk nakrabeynem - atak

nagnem” uti meti asib akij uata ,”gneleggnem” ,”turebmec” ,”kugg

.itnagid


74

nakukalid ini naaskiremeP kurtsnok satilauk haalenem anug

aces sigol ar irad renoisiuk naataynrep meti ritub paites nasadrecek

aguj ini naaskiremeP .itilenep helo nususid gnay DS awsis laisos

aubid gnay naataynrep meti paites raga naujutreb sigol araces t

tapet isik kurtsnok nagned iauses/ - 33:9002 ,orotnayigruN( aynisik .)9

.2 ruku tala aboc ijU

gnay ruku tala helorepmem kutnU dilav nad lebailer tala akam ,

naujutreb ini laH .abociju iulalem surah nakanugid naka gnay ruku

meti naktapadnem kutnu - naataynrep uata meti - gnay naataynrep dilav

nad lebailer kalid ruku tala abocijU . padahret nakanas 5 salek awsis 96

.atrakaygoY ,ojimuB atinakaraT DS awsiS - igabret tubesret awsis

3B5 salek nad awsis 63 irad iridret 1A5 salek utiay salek 2 malad

laggnat adap nakanaskalid ini ruku tala aboc ijU .awsis 33 irad iridret

1102 rebotkO 41 ijU . awsis arap adap nakanekid ruku tala aboc 5 salek

ojimuB atinakaraT DS aynada nagnabmitrep nagned atrakaygoY

01 aratna rasikreb( aisu naamasek - ,)nuhat 21 ,retkarak napirimek

amaturet ledom halokes audek malad nakparetid gnay nakididnep

( tubesret tinakraT DS amas ,uraB oloS atinakaraT DS nad ojimuB a -

atinakaraT nasayaY nagnuan hawab id adareb amas ). itileneP

kaynabes nakigabmem 96 hulup mane( nalibmes alaks ralpmeske )

isireb aynralpmeske pait gnay abociju 06 ( mane meti )hulup

isik nagned turutes naataynrep - sik .nususid halet gnay i awsis 2 adA


84

kadit tubesret renoiseuk aggnihes ,meti 02 irad hibel isignem kadit

.ralpmeske )hujut hulup mane( 76 idajnem haloid gnay ataD .iakapret

akgnar malad abociju naitilenep malad bawajid nigni gnay laH

alada meti naiskeleynep h isifeok isalerok ne latot meti uata retemarap

adeb ayad aynkepsa padahret meti paites . nakukalid adeb ayad ijU

metI .latot meti isalerok kinket nakanuggnem nagned - solol gnay meti

r ikilimem gnay meti halada adeb ayad iju malad xi ≥ neisifeoK .03,0

seb gnay meti awhab nakadnanem 0,1 itakednem nikames aynra - meti

ratna naadebrep nakkujnunem tapad nikames ruku tala malad kejbus

.ruku tala malad rukuid gnay kepsa adap metI - malad solol gnay meti

iskeles isalerok neisifeok alaks nusuynem kutnu iakapid ayntujnales

.lanif margorp nakanuggnem itileneP retupmok dna tcudorP lacitsitatS

snoituloS ecivreS ( SSPS ) swodniW rof 0.21 naaskiremep kutnu

.ini isalerok isneisifeok nagnutihgnep

.3 ijU neisifeok isalerok latot meti uata retemarap b ayad ade meti

satidilav iju haleteS i is h naidumek ,ilha arap helo haalet lisa

nahunepretek askiremem kutnu kiripme iju nagned ipakgnelid ilha

airetirk neisifeok isalerok iju kinkeT .aynkepsa padahret meti paites

roks nakisalerokgnem arac nagned halada nakanugid gnay - meti roks

roks padahret -s isalerok sisilana natakednep iulalem kepsa rok nosraeP

tnemoM tcudorP .

retupmok margorp nautnab nakanuggnem itileneP lacitsitatS

snoituloS ecivreS dna tcudorP ( SSPS ) wodniW rof 0.21 kutnu


94

p naaskireme isalerok isneisifeok iju malad aboc . nagnutihgneP

ifeok r( latot meti isalerok neis xi nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid )

isalerok neisifeok alumrof P tcudor -M tnemo nosraeP malad anerak ,

02 ,rawzA( uynitnok roks irebid meti paites ini ruku tala 01 )91 : .

halada uti alumroF :

r xi =]/)([]/)([

/)()(2222 nXXnii

nXiXi

: nagnaretek

i meti rokS =

X alaks rokS =

n kejbus aynkaynaB =

r xi latot meti isalerok neisifeoK =

meti 83 tapadret ,nakabocijuid gnay naataynrep meti 06 iraD

naidumeK .solol gnay , taruka hibel gnay atad helorepmem kutnu nad

alrevo idajret kadit raga nakitsamem roks nagned meti roks aratna p

meti isalerok isneisifeok uata alaks - el gnay latot gnay irad iggnit hib

aynranebes itilenep , kefe padahret iskerok nakadagnem s up suoir

o palrev sumur nakanuggnem nagned :

ri(x- )i =

xixi22

ix

SSr2 - S + SS - Sr

ix

xi


05

nagnaretek sumur :

ri(x- )i = meti isalerok isneisifeoK - kefe irad iskerokid haletes latot

palrevo suoirups

r xi = meti isalerok isneisifeoK - latot mulebes iskerokid

Si = natukgnasreb gnay meti roks radnats isaiveD

Sx = radnats isaiveD alaks roks

t iskerok haleteS kefe padahre spu suoir o palrev d , ira 06 meti

tapadret ,nakabocijuid gnay naataynrep 34 solol gnay meti haub

habmatid 4 ayad skedni ikilimem anerak naksololid gnay meti haub

naataynrep nagned taukrepid ini laH .003,0 iapmas 052,0 aratna adeb

)56 :9002( rawzA ikilimem gnay meti nasololep isnarelonem gnay

nagnabmitrep nagned 003,0 iapmas 052,0 aratna adeb ayad skedni

isik adap( kepsa pait ilikawem gnay meti halmuj tegrat raga - )alaks isik

.iapacret tapad id ini adeb ayad skednI nakanuggnem nagned naktapad

alumrof isalerok isneisifeok tnemoM tcudorP nosraeP nakanuggnem

etupmok margorp r SSPS swodniW rof 0.21 .

ipmanem gnay 2 lebat nakijasid tukireb namalah adaP nakl

meti isubirtsid - adap meti s alak t takgni k nasadrece s laiso solol gnay

iju malad adeb ayad naturu nagned 3 lebat atres aboC ijU alakS romon


15

meti isubirtsid naklipmanem gnay - alakS adap meti takgniT

nasadreceK laisoS .

2 lebaT

alakS isubirtsiD DS 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK uraB oloS atinakaraT jU haleteS 1102 /0102 narajA nuhaT aboC i )kacaid mulebes(

kepsA rotakidnI metI .oN soloL ruguG F FU F FU F FU

itapmErasaD

nial gnaro naasarep nakasareM 74,1 ,5283

74 1 ,5283

taraysi nakasareM - isome taraysilabrevnon

84,62 2 ,6284

2

eyneP -nasaral

akubret nagned nakragnedneM 94,3 72 3 94 72 M gnay apa imahame

nial gnaro helo nakiapmasid 4 82 4 28

M gnay nasep naksaraleyne nagned nial gnaro nakiapmasid gnaro helo nakasarid gnay apa

uti

5 05 5 05

M gnay nasep naksaraleyne nagned nial gnaro nakiapmasid

elo nakrikipid gnay apa gnaro huti

92,6 ,692

M sata sarales nopser nakirebme helo nakiapmas id gnay apa

nial gnaro

03,15 7 ,1503

7

tapeteK- na

kitapme

M nial gnaro ,narikip imahametapet araces

,95,813

,895

13

M nial gnaro ,naasarep imahametapet araces

25,9 ,925

regneP - nait

laisos uata

isingoklaisos

M kitsiretkarak gnatnet iuhategnelaisos ainud

,11,0123

,01,11

23

M ainud arac gnatnet iuhategnenilajret laisos

,33,2145

,21,33

45

M naparah gnatnet iuhategne -laisos naparah

43,31 ,3143

niS -inork

B re racnal araces iskaretni asahab nakanuggnem nagned

labrevnon

,63,5165

,5165

63


25

kepsA rotakidnI metI .oN soloL ruguG F FU F FU F FU

neserP - irid isat

M kiab nagned irid naklipmane 75,73 61 73 75 61 M idabirp lanegne 71 93 71 93 M nirid halogne idajnem ay

utauses iklimem gnay idabirpaynirid malad kiab gnay

81 35 81 53

M isome iserpske nakiladnegne

04,53 ,5304

eP - huragn

M nagned utauses nakiapmayne gnay naaracibmep hadum

imahapid

91 02, 14 ,24

91 ,02

24 ,14

M nagned utauses nakiapmaynep tapad gnay naaracibme

tahes laka amiretid

34 12 34 12

M nagned utauses nakiapmayne id anegnem gnay naaracibmep

itah

55,44 22 ,4455

22

M aynaracib namet ihuragnepmeutauses nakukalem kutnu

85,54 ,3242

,5485

,3242

udepeKnail

M nahutubek nakitahrepme gnaronial

,64,4106

,4106

64

halmuJ 44 61 38 - 6 16 latoT 06 83 22

awhab nakujnunem sata id lebaT meti 83 tapadret ,meti 06 irad

.rugug gnay meti % 3.63 uata 22 nad solol gnay meti %3.36 uata

aumes awhab nakujnunem aguj tubesret lebaT naataynrep en uata fitag

metI elbarovafnU rugug . tapad rugug ini fitagen naataynreP

: helo nakbabesid

.a ataK - salej nad ,anahredes gnaruk gnay tamilak nad atak

awsis helo itregnemid tilus aggnihes

.b atak adap adnag narisfanep adA - atak

.c dap ucagnem muleb metI kidni a irep rota ukal .


35

3 lebaT

alakS isubirtsiD DS 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK uraB oloS atinakarat aboC ijU haleteS 1102 /0102 narajA nuhaT )kacaid haduses(

oN kepsA rotakidnI meti.oN halmuJmeti

1 rasaD itapmE

l gnaro naasarep nakasareM nia 74 1


84,62 2

2 eyneP nasaral

akubret nagned nakragnedneM 3 1

nakiapmasid gnay apa imahamemnial gnaro helo

4 1

gnay nasep naksaraleynem apa nagned nial gnaro nakiapmasid


5 1



92,6 2

apa sata sarales nopser nakirebmemnial gnaro helo nakiapmas id gnay

03,15 2

3 tapeteK nakitapme

araces nial gnaro ,narikip imahamemtapet

95,8 2

araces nial gnaro ,naasarep imahamemtapet

25,9 2

4 regneP nait

uata laisos isingok

laisos

kitsiretkarak gnatnet iuhategnemlaisos ainud

23,11,01 3

laisos ainud arac gnatnet iuhategnemnilajret

45,33,21 3

naparah gnatnet iuhategnem - naparahlaisos

31 43, 2

5 iS n inork nagned racnal araces iskaretnireblabrevnon asahab nakanuggnem

65,51 2


45


6 neserP isat

irid

kiab nagned irid naklipmanem 73 1

idabirp lanegnem 71 1

idabirp idajnem aynirid halognem gnay malad kiab gnay utauses iklimemaynirid

81 1

isome iserpske nakiladnegnem

04,53 2

7 huragneP

nagned utauses nakiapmaynem hararet gnay naaracibmep

,91 02 2

nagned utauses nakiapmaynem laka amiretid tapad gnay naaracibmep

tahes 34 1

nakiapmaynem nagned utausesitah id anegnem gnay naaracibmep

55,44 2

kutnu aynaracib namet ihuragnepmemutauses nakukalem

85,54 2

8 nailudepeK nial gnaro nahutubek nakitahrepmem 06,41 2

latoT 83

Ta awhab nakujnunem sata id leb ada hisam gnaruk gnay meti

ikawem ,ini laisos nasadrecek alaks malad kepsa nad rotakidni pait il

akam habmanem itilenep 9 meti tapad rotakidni nad kepsa pait raga

DS 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek rukugnem kutnu ilikawret

nakaraT /1102 naraja nuhat uraB oloS ati 2102 . isubirtsiD meti - meti

adap s alak laisos nasadrecek takgnit nakhabmatid haletes , naklipmatid

adap lebat ayntukireb namalah 4 :


55

lebaT 4

alakS isubirtsiD DS 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK uraB oloS atinakaraT boC ijU haleteS 1102 /0102 narajA nuhaT a )meti habmatid haduses(


1 rasaD itapmE

nial gnaro naasarep nakasareM 53,1 2


63 32, 2

2 nasaraleyneP

akubret nagned nakragnedneM 7,3 2

nakiapmasid gnay apa imahamemo nial gnaro hel

4 74, 2



,2 5 2



42,6 2

pa sata sarales nopser nakirebmem anial gnaro helo nakiapmas id gnay

73,52 2

3 natapeteKkitapme

araces nial gnaro ,narikip imahamemtapet

83,9 2

araces nial gnaro ,naasarep imahamemtapet

34,8 2

4 naitregneP uata laisos

isingoklaisos

kitsiretkarak gnatnet iuhategnemlaisos ainud

01 62,11, 3

laisos ainud arac gnatnet iuhategnemnilajret

93,72,21 3

naparah gnatnet iuhategnem - naparahlaisos

82,31 2

5 inorkniS nagned racnal araces iskaretnireblabrevnon asahab nakanuggnem

14,51 2


65


6 rP isatnese

irid

kiab nagned irid naklipmanem 54,03 2

idabirp lanegnem 71 12, 2

idabirp idajnem aynirid halognem malad kiab gnay utauses iklimem gnay

aynirid

81 , 22 2

isome iserpske nakiladnegnem

13,92 2

7 huragneP

nagned utauses nakiapmaynemep hararet gnay naaracibm

,91 ,02 64 3

nagned utauses nakiapmaynem laka amiretid tapad gnay naaracibmep

tahes 61 23, 2

nagned utauses nakiapmaynemitah id anegnem gnay naaracibmep

04,33 2

kutnu aynaracib namet ihuragnepmemutauses nakukalem

24,43 2

8 nailudepeK nial gnaro nahutubek nakitahrepmem 44,41 2

latoT 74

.4 satilibaileR k renoiseu

iju nakukalem aguj itilenep ,adeb ayad iju nakukalem haleteS

gnay ruku tala lebailer aparebes ilabmek rukugnem kutnu satilibailer

nakanugid . dap kujnunem satilibaileR nep a haubes hakapa naitreg

nemurtsni races rukuid gnay utauses rukugnem tapad irad netsisnok a

utkaw ek utkaw )143:9002 ,orotnayiguN( . naijugnep amatu naujuT

halada satilibailer kutnu men lisah narutaretek uata isnetsisnok iuhateg

s idaJ .nemurtni narukugnep nemurtsni utaus isakifilauk taray rukugnep

habureb kadit uata nagejaek ,isnetsisnok halada - iju lisaH .habu


75

nakapurem narukugnep lisah awhab narabmag idajnem satilibailer

irad raneb gnay naruku bairav el rukuid naka gnay )842:6002,notirT( .

libailer naijugneP m ini naitilenep adap sati nakanuggne

natakednep neisifeok A ahpl hcabnorC )α( . sisilana kinket naanuggneP

A hcabnorC ahpl nagnutihgnep nagnabmitrep sata nakrasadid ini

gnay alaks kutneb utas naijaynep tawel helorepid alaks satilibailer

uata nednopser kopmolekes adap ajas ilakes aynah nakanekid elgnis

noitartsinimda lairt ,rawzA( 02 01 : 78 .) satilibailer neisifeok sumuR

:halada ahpla

= α [2 1- 2S

2S + 2S

x

ix]

reteK an : sumur nag

S12 S nad 2

2 2 nahaleb roks snairav nad 1 nahaleb roks snairav :

Sx2 alaks roks snairav :

nagnutihrep lisah helorepmem kutnU iler neisifeok ahpla satiliba

itilenep ,taruka gnay margorp nakanuggnem swodniW rof 0.21 SSPS .

akataynid satilibaileR satilibailer neisifeok malad n rasikreb aynraseb

00,0 aratna - .00,1 alib lebailer nakatakid tapad alaks haubeS

'xxr ≥ K .06,0 00,1 itakednem nikames gnay satilibailer neisifeo

.nakanugid gnay ruku tala aynlebailer nikames nakadnanem nikameS

alup lebailer nikames akam ,ruku tala irad satilibailer neisifeok iggnit

.uti ruku tala alaks satilibailer nagnutihgneP os nasadrecek takgnit lais


85

nakaraT DS 5 salek awsis /1102 naraja nuhat uraB oloS ati 2102

akgna naklisahgnem'xxr ,0 = 078 . ruku tala ini naitilenep malaD uata

alaks nakanugid gnay lebailer .

.E ataD sisilanA kinkeT

takgnit iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid atad sisilanA ek laisos nasadrec

nakaraT DS 5 salek awsis /1102 naraja nuhat uraB oloS ati 2102 . sisilanA

uraB oloS atinakraT DS id naitilenep nakadagnem haletes nakukalid atad

.1102 rebotkO 42 laggnat adap iraD kejbus isalupop 78 DS 5 salek awsis

gnay ,uraB oloS atinakaraT awsis 48 aynah renoiseuk isignem , 3 awsis

halokes kusam kadit naitilenep taas adap . hakgnaL - hupmetid gnay hakgnal

:tukireb iagabes halada atad sisilana pahat nakukalem malad

.1 gnisam irad roks nakutneneM - tapadret gnay nabawaj fitanretla gnisam

alaks adap meti adaP . - tafisreb gnay meti ,elbarovaf nabawaj roks

gnadaK“ ;3 roks irebid ”gnireS“ ;4 roks irebid ”gnireS tagnaS“ -

.1 roks irebid ”gnaraJ tagnaS“ nad ;2 roks irebid ”gnadaK

.2 paites helo bawajid halet gnay meti aumes irad roks nakhalmujneM

enep kejbus naitil atar gnutihgnem nad - kejbus pait irad roks atar .

.3 : tukireb iagabes naksalejid gnay itrepes atad nahalognep nakukaleM

naidumek lebat kutneb malad nakijasid helorepid halet gnay ataD

irad ialum ;fitpirksed kitsitats nakanuggnem nagned sisilanaid

ep atar( naem nagnutihgn - atres ,isaived radnats ,)atar


95

02( rawzA nakrasadreb naisasirogetakgnep 01 .)801 : aynnagnutihreP

:halada

.a atar( naem gnutihgneM - )atar

atar nagnutihgneP - gnutihgnem arac nagned helorepid atar

helorepid gnay roks gnisam - gnisam kejbus naidumek naitilenep

halmuj igabid meti takgnit roks helorepid aggnihes , nasadrecek

laisos atar - .naitilenep kejbus irad atar atar nagnutihgneP - atar aguj

gnay roks gnutihgnem arac nagned ,meti pait adap nakukalid

id naidumek meti pait helorepid us halmuj igab aggnihes ,kejb

atar roks helorepid - atar nagnutihgneP .meti pait irad atar - meti atar

kutnu nakduskamid ini nakidajid gnay alaks adap meti askiremem

nalusu nanusuynep rasad kipot - kopmolek nagnibmib kipot id .DS

.b isaived radnats nakutneneM

saived radnatS saul gnutihgnem nagned helorepid i

.narabes isaived nautas )mane( 6 malad igabid gnay nagnatner

T rik halebes id adareb naigab agi id adareb naigab agit nad naem i

.naem nanak halebes tagnas isaived radnats nagnutihgneP

.isasirogetak nautnenep malad narepreb alaks ini naitilenep adaP

irad iridret 06 roks irebid aynritub paites gnay ritub s tagna s gnire

,4 = s ;3 = gnire k gnada - gnadak nad ;2 = s tagna j gnara 1 =

atar irad libmaid aynmuminim gnatneR - hadneret latot roks atar

utiay 74 / 74 iskam gnatner iapmas nad 1 = irad libmaid aynmum

atar - atar utiay iggnitret latot roks 881 / 74 aggnihes ,4 = karaj saul


06

abes 4 halada aynnar – nautas paites naikimed nagned ,3 = 1

.5,0 = 6/3 ialinreb )ds( aynradnats isaived

.c retkarak alaks isasirogetak nakutneneM

)1 nit isasirogetaK naitilenep kejbus retkarak takg

ledom nakrasadreb nususid ini naisasirogetakgneP

nidro( gnajnej isasirogetak nagned lamron isubirtsid )la

rasadreb rawzA nak ( 02 01 01 : 7 nakukalid isasirogetaK .)

ek naitilenep kejbus naisakifisalkgnep naujut nagned

pmolek malad gnajnejreb nad munitnok araces utnetret ko

.rukuid gnay tubirta nagned iauses aD ,ini naitilenep mal

id irogetak sisongaid irogetak 3 malad ek nakgnolog

isaived radnats maneek akam ,laisos nasadrecek takgnit

.naigab agit malad ek igabid

kutnetid isasirogetaK iagabes alumrof nakrasadreb na

:tukireb

getak hadner iro = X ≤ (µ- ,1 0 σ)

gnades irogetak = (µ- 0,1 σ) ≤ X < ( +µ 0,1 σ)

iggnit irogetak = ( ,1 +µ 0 σ ) ≤ X

: nagnareteK

X mumixam kitiroet : ataR - iggnitret latot roks atar

X muminim kitiroet : ataR - atar hadneret latot roks

σ nagnatner karaj saul utiay ,isaived radnatS :

gnay malad igabid 3 narabes isaived nautas


16

µ atar utiay ,kiteroet naeM : - irad siteroet atar

roks muminim nad mumiskam

iagabes nakanugid ini isasirogetak ,ayntujnaleS

takgnit nakutnenem malad nakotap uata amron nasadrecek

laisos kejbus takgnit isasirogetaK .naitilenep kejbus

nagned( naitilenep = latot meti ∑ 74 nagned helorepid )

nagnutihrep iagabes ayntukireb :

X mumiskam kiteroet : 881 74 : = 4

X muminim kiteroet : 47 74 : = 1

egnaR : 4 – 1 = 3

)kiteroet( σ : 3 : 6 = 5,0

)kiteroet naem( µ : 3 x 1 = 3

awsis isasirogetak nautneneP atinakaraT DS 5 salek

uraB oloS id lebat iulalem tahilid tapad mumu araces

: ini hawab

lebaT 5

takgniT isasirogetaK amroN receK awsiS laisoS nasad 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK

nagnutihreP rokS atareR irogetaK

X < (µ- ,1 0 σ) X < 3 – 5,0 X < 2,5 hadneR

µ- 0,1 ≤ σ +µ < X 0,1 σ 3- 5,0 ≤ < X 3+ 5,0 2,5 ≤ < X 5,3 gnadeS

( ,1 +µ 0 σ ) X ≤ 3+ 5,0 X ≤ 5,3 X ≤ niT igg


26

nakkopmolekid naitilenep kejbus atad ayntujnaleS

nagned helorep akerem gnay latot roks nakrasadreb

.sata id lebat adap ada gnay isasirogetak adap namodepreb

)2 alaks malad meti pait roks isasirogetaK

nakukalid alaks malad meti pait roks isasirogetaK

nakidajid gnay alaks adap meti askiremem naujut nagned

id nagnibmiB nanayaleP nautaS nalusu nanusuynep rasad

DS nakrasadreb alaks adap meti pait roks isasirogetaK .

itupilem utiay gnajnej munitnok nagned lamron isubirtsid

,gnades ,hadner irogetak nad ggnit .i

alaks adap meti pait roks isasirogetak amroN

:tukireb iagabes nakisalumrofid retkarak

getak hadner iro = X ≤ (µ- ,1 0 σ)

gnades irogetak = (µ- 0,1 σ) ≤ < X ( +µ 0,1 σ)

iggnit irogetak = ( ,1 +µ 0 σ ) ≤ X

:nagnareteK

X mumixam meti kiteroet : ataR - s atar k gnay iggnitret ro

alaks meti malad helorepid nikgnum

X kiteroet muminim meti : ataR - s atar gnay hadneret rok

alaks meti malad helorepid nikgnum

σ : karaj saul utiay ,isaived radnatS

malad igabid gnay nagnatner 3

arabes isaived nautas n


36

µ : atar utiay ,kiteroet naeM - atar

roks irad siteroet meti mumiskam

nad meti muminim

uata amron iagabes iakapid tubesret isasirogetaK

.meti roks nakopmolegnep malad namodep

meti pait roks isasirogetak ,nahurulesek araceS

ini naitilenep malad 8 = N nagned( 4 nagned helorepid )

nagnutihrep nakujnutid gnay ini tukireb :

X mumiskam : 633 48 : = 4

X muminim : 48 48 : = 1

egnaR : 4 – 1 = 3

)kiteroet( σ : 3 : 6 = 5,0

)kiteroet naem( µ : 3 x 1 = 3

tahilid tapad meti pait roks isasirogetak nautneneP

:ini tukireb lebat adap

lebaT 6

metI paiT rokS isasirogetaK amroN alakS takgniT laisoS nasadreceK haT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK awsiS 2102/1102 narajA nu

nagnutihreP rokS irogetaK

X ≤ (µ- ,1 0 σ) X ≤ 3 – 5,0 X ≤ 5,2 hadneR

µ- 0,1 ≤ σ +µ < X 0,1 σ 3- 5,0 ≤ < X 5,0+3 5,2 ≤ < X 5,3 gnadeS

( ,1 +µ 0 σ ) X ≤ 5,0+3 X ≤ 5,3 X ≤ iggniT


46

nakkopmolekid meti pait latot roks ,ayntujnaleS

rasadreb lebat adap isasirogetak nak 6 metI . - gnay meti

hadner gnologret roks ikilimem nad naidumek gnades

nalusu akgnar malad nakgnabmekid kipot - kipot

b nagnibmi k kopmole atinakaraT DS kutnu aynah kadit

igab ipatet ,uraB oloS aumes DS 5 salek awsis gnay

nnakhutubmem ay .


56

BAB VI

,NAITILENEP LISAH NASAHABMEP

KIPOT NALUSU NAD - NAGNIBMIB KIPOT KOPMOLEK

sam aud bawajnem naka ini baB umur adap nakakumekid gnay hala nas

utiay halasam atinakaraT rasaD halokeS 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek takgnit

uraB oloS 102/1102 naraja nuhat nad 2 b ritu - gnay laisos nasadrecek ritub

isakidniret gnaruk ihunepret helo oloS atinakaraT rasaD halokeS 5 salek awsis

uraB .2102/1102 naraja nuhat

.A naitileneP lisaH nasahabmeP nad

.1 takgniT s laisos nasadrecek awsi uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek

ileneP takgnit iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini nait laisos nasadrecek

uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis nad atad nahalo nakrasadreB .

adap naklipmatid gnay naitilenep lisah helorep id ,naisasirogetakgnep

: ini tukireb 7 lebat

lebaT 7

kgneP isasirogeta na takgniT awsiS laisoS nasadreceK 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK

rokS kejbuS halmuJ irogetaK )%( nesreP

X < 5,2 9 hadneR ,01 % 7 5,2 ≤ < X 5,3 17 gnadeS ,48 % 5

5,3 X ≤ 4 iggniT ,4 % 8


66

lebaT 7 awhab nakujnunem takgnit irogetak agit ada nasadrecek

laisos atar ialin nakrasadreb awsis - ,iggnit irogetak utiay ,latot roks atar

ialiN .hadner irogetak nad gnades irogetak atar naiapac - ks atar ro

laisos nasadrecek naitilenep adap ini halada irogetak kusamret awsis 9

kusamret awsis 4 nad gnades irogetak kusamret awsis 17 ,hadner

.iggnit irogetak

5 salek awsis 9 uata % 7,01 awhab nakujnunem naitilenep lisaH

ja nuhat adap uraB oloS atinakaraT DS takgnit 2102/1102 nara

17 uata %5,48 ,hadner irogetak malad kusamret aynlaisos nasadrecek

kusamret awsis 4 uata %8,4 nad gnades irogetak malad kusamret awsis

aynhadner nakisakidnignem hadner irogetaK .iggnit irogetak malad

awsis laisos nasadrecek takgnit adap uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek

takgnit nakisakidnignem gnades irogetaK .2102/1102 naraja nuhat

takgnit nakisakidnignem iggnit irogetaK .gnades awsis laisos nasadrecek

.iggnit awsis laisos nasadrecek

atar nagnutihrep nakrasadreB - sret latot roks atar tapad tube

takgnit awhab naklupmisid laisos nasadrecek raseb naigabes salek awsis

2102/1102 naraja nuhat adap uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 adap kusam

adap kusam anerak gnades irogetak atar - atar 5,2 roks 0- 5,3 0 iauses

bus nagnologgnep lebat nagned j rawzA helo ke 02( 01 : 701 - )901 .

tubesret nagnologgneP id halet bab adap naksalej aynmulebes h( lisa

atar nagnutihrep - naripmal adap nakijasid latot roks atar .)


76

sah naiaru nakrasadreB id tapad ,sata id naitilenep li nakatak

laisos nasadrecek takgnit raseb naigabes salek awsis atinakraT DS 5

gnades irogetak kusamret 2102/1102 naraja nuhat uraB oloS 17( awsis .)

awsiS - nakisakidnignem gnades irogetak malad kusamret gnay awsis

naupmamek ikilimem pukuc akerem awhab - gnay naupmamek

.laisos nasadrecek kepsa paites malad gnudnakret kereM pukuc a

upmam nial gnaro naasarep nakasarem kutnu ilanegnem kutnu ,)itapme(

kiab fitkefe araces isakinumokreb kutnu ,laisos ainud kuleb kules

evnon nupuam labrev asahab iulalem ,labr aynidabirp lanegnem kutnu

,kiab nagned aynidabirp naklipmanem nad pukuc em huragnep ikilim

nad ,nial gnaro adapek kiab gnay pukuc gnay nailudepek ikilimem

nial gnaro nahutubek padahret iggnit .

awsis 48 iraD tapadret uata % 7,01 awsis 9 nasadrecek takgnit

kusamret aynlaisos malad irogetaK .hadner irogetak hadner ini

isakidnignem muleb uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis awhab nak

naupmamek ikilimem pukuc .nial gnaro nagned iskaretnireb malad

pukuc muleb akereM upmam nial gnaro naasarep nakasarem kutnu

kutnu ,laisos ainud kuleb kules ilanegnem kutnu ,)itapme(

araces isakinumokreb nupuam labrev asahab iulalem kiab fitkefe

evnon ,labr aynidabirp naklipmanem nad aynidabirp lanegnem kutnu

,kiab nagned pukuc muleb gnaro adapek kiab gnay huragnep ikilimem

nad ,nial pukuc muleb padahret iggnit gnay nailudepek ikilimem

nial gnaro nahutubek .


86

kusamret gnay( ini awsis laisos nasadrecek ayniggnit muleB

.rotkaf aparebeb helo nakbabesid tapad )gnades nad hadner irogetak

ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf ,2 bab adap naksalejid halet anamiagabeS

S 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek nagnabmekrep nahunepretek halada D

aut gnaro nagnibmib uata naukalrep gnaro nad - hibel gnay gnaro

.urug itrepes ,asawed turuneM agitek nagned itilenep aracnawaw lisah

gnaruk hisam urug ,uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek ilaw urug

mekrep utnabmem tapad gnay narajagnep edotem nakparenem nagnab

.awsis laisos nasadrecek utnabmem tapad gnay narajagnep edoteM

nial aratna uti awsis laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem malad awsis

,naigabmep ,kcabdeef nakirebmem ,kopmolek ajrek ,kopmolek isuksid

ned amas ajrekeb upmam awsis raga kopmolek malad sagut ,namet nag

nagned salek id naagraulekek anasaus nakatpicnem naknabmegnem

)47:4002,onrapuS( nakhutubmem gnay namet adap nailudepek . uruG

hisam uraB oloS atinakaraT DS natapmesek irebmem gnaruk

,kopmolek isuksid kutnu awsis adapek opmolek sagut nakukalem ,k

.namet nagned ajrek nalipmaretek hitalem nad akereM kaynab hibel

nakirebid aynah kopmolek isuksid nad ,laudividni sagut nakirebmem

.ilakes nalub utas nasadrecek naknakenem hibel hisam aguj akereM

aggnihes ,iggnit gnay simedaka isatserp uata lautkeletni awsis taubmem

nad ,kiab gnilap gnay ialin helorepmem kutnu gniasreb gnilas

.aynnamet nagned iskaretni nad amas ajrek nakiabagnem kudud isisoP

awsis ihuragnepmem tapad aguj )gnakaleb naped rajajreb( salek id kana


96

ynnamet nagned iskaretni nakatpicnem malad idajnem akereM .a

nial isis id ipateT .aynsalek namet nagned iskaretnireb kutnu satabret

awsis hitalem urug ,ini kiab gnay simedaka isatserp helorepmem kutnu

aynnarikip nakaratugnem ,tapadnep nakiapmaynem inareb kutnu

tawel ,irid ayacrep nad ,salej nagned .bawaj aynat nad ,isatneserp laH

aynlaisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem kutnu awsis utnabmem tapad ini

gnay kepsa aumes kadit idaJ .huragnep nad irid isatnesarp kepsa malad

helo gnabmies araces ihunepret laisos nasadrecek malad gnudnakret

kepsa adA .awsis - sa ada ipatet ,kiab nagned ihunepret tapad gnay kep

kepsa aguj - helo nakbabesid ini laH .ihunepret pukuc muleb gnay kepsa

halokes kahip nad urug helo nakamatuid hibel gnay satiroirp aynada

.huruleynem araces awsis nagnabmekrep utnabmem akgnar malad

gned iauseS nuhat uraB oloS atinakaraT DS nanuhat ajrek margorp na

.lautirips nad lautkeletni gnadib halada uti satiroirp ,2102/1102 naraja

I ikilimem iggnit pukuc muleb awsis arap awhab isakidn

naupmamek - kepsa paites malad gnudnakret gnay naupmamek

j laisos nasadrecek gnaro uata agraulek huragnep anerak nakbabesid agu

.aut lisah turuneM ,salek ilaw urug 3 nagned aracnawaw raseb naigabes

awsis , audek akerem aut gnaro ajrekeb , kutnu utkaw gnaruk aggnihes

kana nagned iskaretnireb - .aynkana kana nakbabeynem tapad ini laH

k .aynaut gnaro irad gnayas hisak nad naitahrep naktapadnem gnaru

,iridnes akerem nagnitnepek nakgnitnemem hibel aut gnaro kaynaB

gnay nagnabmekrep nad naadaek nakiabagnem akerem aggnihes


07

aynsurahes aut gnarO .akerem kana irid malad gnabmies naklanegnem

eb amron uata ,laisos napudihek kepsa iagabr - napudihek amron

takaraysamreb naitregnep irebmem nad amron nakparenem anamiagab -

irahes napudihek malad tubesret amron - rah pukuc muleb ini ipateT .i

naupmamek ikilimem gnaruk kana aggnihes ,aut gnaro helo nakukalid -

k nialeS .laisos nasadrecek malad gnudnakret gnay naupmame

kana igab hotnoc nakapurem aut gnaro ,naklanegnem - akij ipatet kana

ada akam ,laisos araces sadrec gnaruk hotnoc idajnem gnay gnaro

laisos nasadrecek ikilimem gnaruk aguj kana nagnurednecek

1,kcolruH( )652:879 . kutnu aynaut gnaro atnimid gnay kana kaynaB

hibel hisam aut gnarO .halokes maj raul id nahabmat sel itukignem

utkaw nagnarukek kana aggnihes lautkeletni nasadrecek nakgnitnemem

.aynnamet nagned iskaretnireb kutnu B ikilimem muleb aut gnaro kayna

kana napudihek malad laisos nasadrecek ayngnitnep naka naradasek

.akerem

tapad urug uata aut gnaro ,hotnoc nad naitregnep irebmem nialeS

aut gnarO .awsis nagned iskaretnireb akitek akerem isome nakralunem

me naalolegnep malad sadrec gnaruk gnay urug uata naka ,iso

alolegnem malad sadrec gnaruk idajnem aguj awsis ihuragnepmem

gnitnep gnay rotkaf idajnem aguj ini isome nasadreceK .akerem isome

isome nasadreceK .awsis laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem malad

s nasadrecek nagnabmekrep ihuragnepmem tapad gnaroeses adaP .laiso

tapad isomE .ihuragnepmem gnilas ini nasadrecek audek aynrasad


17

utaus nilajnem gnay gnaro irad awemitsi nataukek nagned rilagnem

hibel laisos araces gnay gnaro irad rilagnem aynasaib nad ,isaler

animod gnaruk gnay gnaro adapek gnatam nad nanimod ini lah malad ,n

kana adapek aut gnaro awsis adapek urug nad

,nameloG( 073:7002 - ini awsis ek urug irad isome huragneP .)173

rotkaf iagabes uraB oloS atinakaraT DS urug utas halas helo iukaid

aisos nasadrecek ihuragnepmem tuki gnay gnades gnay uruG .awsis l

kusamret ,utauses nakukalem kutnu tukat awsis taubmem tapad ,haram

uruG .ayntapadnep nakpakgnugnem uata aynnamet nagned aracibreb -

awsis aggnihes ,romuh asar nakgnabmegnem gnaruk hisam aguj urug

gnaruk siS .namayn nad gnanes asarem kutnu naggne idajnem aguj aw

.nial gnaro nagned akerem iskaretni malad romuh nakgnabmegnem

asar nad isaler naktakelem tapad anerak nakgnabmekid ulrep romuH

.itah id nagnir

ihuragnepmem tapad gnay isome nasadrecek ayngnaruK

d taukrepid ini laisos nasadrecek gnay ini naitilenep lisah nagne

“ meti utiay ,meti naisasirogetakgnep lisah tawel pakgnuret patet ukA

hides gnades uka nupulaw muynesret .hadner gnilap roks tapadnem ”

p kepsa malad kusamret ini metI irid isatneser kepsa malad anamid ,

a aynrotakidni tubesret ipateT .isome nakiladnegnem naupmamek halad

anerak nakbabesid aguj tapad ini meti aynhadner nanikgnumek ada

.aynkepsa nad rotakidni nagned kococ kadit gnay meti nasumur


27

turuneM kaynab ,salek ilaw urug arap nagned aracnawaw lisah

s awsi - awsis araT DS 5 salek uraB oloS atinak id laggnit gnay

gnaruk ini laggnit tapmet nagnukgniL .skelpmok uata nahamurep

gnaruk akerem anerak laisos nasadrecek ayngnabmekreb gnukudnem

id utkaw naksibahgnem aynah akereM .nial gnaro nagned iskaretnireb

gnep uata araduas amasreb hamur iskaretnireb gnaruk akereM .aynhusa

gnaruk akerem nakhab ,hamur ratikes id ada gnay aggnatet nagned

naajrekep uata nakubisek anerak aynaut gnaro nagned iskaretnireb

ek hamur irad karaj gnay awsis aparebeb ada ,uti nialeS .aynaut gnaro

huaj pukuc aynhalokes akerem halokes id iapmas akitek aggnihes ,

satilaeR .aynnamet nagned iskaretnireb kutnu naggne nad halel hadus

awhab nakujnunem ini nagnukgnil laisos tapad muleb hamur id awsis

kutnu anaras idajnem hisak ,naitahrep naka nahutubek ihunemem

.atnic nad gnayas sulumits irebmem gnaruk ini laisos nagnukgniL -

,huragnep apureb gnay sulumits pudih ialin ,naruta ,naasaibek ,pakis

ukalreb gnay amron nad nagnabmekrep ihuragnepmem tapad aggnihes ,

awsis laisos nasadrecek 52:3002,otiglaW( - )62 .

bid gnay sulumits utas halaS halada laisos nagnukgnil helo nakire

.igolonket nagnabmekrep turuneM salek ilaw nagned aracnawaw lisah

id laggnit gnay awsis 3 ada haread uata nagnukgnil awsis laggnit tapmet

,lanoisidart hisam gnay nad tala gnaruk - igolonket tala tuki ini laH .

ihuragnepmem gnay kana kaynab halokes id akitek anerak

.itregnem kadit tubesret awsis ,igolonket ainud gnatnet nakaracibmem


37

nagned luagreb kutnu ulam idajnem akerem ,itregnem kadit aneraK

namet - namet nagned iskaretni ada kadit aggnihes ,aynnamet - .aynnamet

ial isis iD kutnu awsis naknikgnumem igolonket nagnabmekrep ,n

itrepes ayam ainud iulalem nial gnaro nagned iskaretnireb nad tenretni .

iulalem iskaretnI enohp dnah awsis naupmamek naktakgninem tapad

malad taraysi nakasarem - nad labrevnon isome taraysi iskaretnireb

s ned racnal arace asahaB .labrevnon asahab nakanuggnem nag

pakgnuret tubesret labrevnon .aracib adan tawel itregnem upmam kanA

akitek pakgnuret gnay adan iulalem aynaracib nawal nitab naadaek

tawel aracib enohp dnah ihes , gnay nopser nakirebmem tapad aggn

s .tubesret aynaracib nawal nitab naadaek nagned iause uti nialeS

kutnu kana utnabmem tapad aguj igolonket nagnabmekrep iuhategnem

laisos ainud kitsiretkarak gnatnet isamrofni iulalem - ada gnay isamrofni

tenretni id ini igolonket nagnabmekrep ipateT . es hibel gnir

halasid tapad aggnihes ,nakanug gnusgnal araces iskaretni ignarugnem

namet nagned awsis aratna - ,aynnamet iskaretni nakitamem nakhab

gnaro atayn araces - kana kaynaB .akerem taked id ada gnay gnaro - kana

aynah kubis nagned enohp dnah tenretni uata gnem nad namet nakiaba -

akerem taked id ada gnay namet . M naksibahgnem kutnu hilimem akere

nakanuggnem kutnu utkaw enohp dnah uata tenretni aggnihes

namet nagned iskaretni nakiabagnem - D .aynnamet ahasu mala

gnal araces iskaretni ,awsis laisos nasadrecek naktakgninem huaj gnus

taafnamreb nad gnitnep hibel )01:7002 ,nameloG( .


47

awsiS - pukuc muleb gnay uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis

nasadrecek nagnabmekrep naktakgninem malad naupmamek ikilimem

gnay kana idajnem kutnu gnaulep ikilimem ,aynlaisos nametreb tilus

eb uata .nial gnaro nagned nagnubuhr s akereM gnaro iayacrepmem raku

kapmat akereM .nial gnaro napadah id irid nakpakgnugnem uata nial

hibel kapmaD .naipesek asarem gnires nad hamar kadit ,iridneynem

kadit ,fitisnes kadit nad sioge pakisreb halada igal kurub

repmem gnuggniynem pakisreb nad nial gnaro naasarep nakgnabmit

susak malaD .nial naro naasarep - mertske gnay susak , ayngnaruk

laisos nasadrecek tapad itrepes ,laisositna ukalirep nakkujnunem

kutneb uata naasokremep ,nairucnep ,nahecelep ,narujujkaditek

y natahajek aynial gna )891:8002, kkd ,niwL( . awsiS - aguj tubesret awsis

gnay gnaro idajnem tapad araca iradnihgnem ,isaisogenreb hasus

gnirahs ,kopmolek isuksid uata padahret rednim ,nakitirk iradnihgnem

namet - aynnamet aynratikesid naadaek nakhalaynem gnurednec nad , ,

lah idajret akij - akereM .sereb kadit gnay lah naka gnadnamem

ata aynnagnukgnil u irad babeynep iagabes nial gnaro aynnalagagek ,

amas gnay lah irad rajaleb asib hanrep kadit nad 3:2002 ,nazuB( - .)4

kapmaD - ,tiakret gnay gnaro kaynab nakigurem naka ini kapmad akam

DS id nakgnabmekid kutnu gnitnep idajnem laisos nasadrecek

.uraB oloS atinakaraT

malad adareb gnay uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsiS

hadus akerem awhab nakisakidniid tapad ,)awsis 4( iggnit irogetak


57

iskaretnireb malad naupmamek ikilimem aro nagned ini laH .nial gn

aguj gnukudid nagned .salek ilaw urug arap nagned aracnawaw lisah

upmam ,)itapme( nial gnaro naasarep nakasarem upmam hadus akereM

araces isakinumokreb upmam ,laisos ainud kuleb kules ilanegnem

non nupuam labrev asahab iulalem kiab fitkefe lanegnem upmam ,labrev

ikilimem upmam ,kiab nagned aynidabirp naklipmanem nad aynidabirp

nailudepek ikilimem upmam nad ,nial gnaro adapek kiab gnay huragnep

.nial gnaro nahutubek padahret iggnit gnay tapad naka akereM

dum gnay gnaro idajnem gnabmekreb eb ha nad ,nametreb ,luagr

gnaro nagned isakinumokreb - hibel tapad aggnihes ,aynratikes id gnaro

reirak gnajnej tapadnem nikgnum uata aynnaajrekep malad lisahreb

.tapec hibel nad iggnit hibel akereM ,naasarep imahamem upmam naka

aro nanigniek nad taibat ,isavitom rajaleb upmam aguj akereM .nial gn

,arahciG( nial gnaro amasreb ajrekeb nad .)03:0102 akereM tapad naka

atireb iuhategnem - namet gnatnet atireb - gnaro nad namet - id gnaro

aratna id kilfnok hagnenep idajnem upmam aguj akereM .aynratikes

namet - mek anerak namet naupma kutnu atres naasarep imahamem

,igal huaj hibeL .nial gnaro duskam naka akerem kana utnabmem tapad

naasarep isatagnem - ,asa sutup ,naipesek itrepes fitagen naasarep

,gnisaret nad aivilO( nakiabaid nad .)48:0102 ,inairA

nasadrecek takgnit ayniggniT sis laisos nakbabesid tapad ini aw

kaf helo nakatpicnem ahasureb gnay ,halokes kahip nad urug rot

nagnabmekrep gnukudnem gnay anaras idajnem halokes nagnukgnil


67

uraB oloS atinakaraT DS id urug araP .awsis laisos nasadrecek hadus

gnatnet naklanegnem ahasureb ,nilajret laisos ainud arac arac itrepes

aguj uruG .faam atnimem rarac ,nial gnaro apaynem arac ,nalanekreb

nakirebmem nad isamrofni naruta nad amron gnatnet naitregnep - naruta

halokes nad takaraysam malad ukalreb gnay arac utas halaS .

naitregnep nakirebmem nagned nakukal id ini hotnoc idajnem uata

kiab gnay nadalet aguj uruG .awsis arap igab kutnu awsis hitalem

kajagnem nagned hides uata tikas gnades gnay namet adap iludep

iagabes utrak silunem ,tikas gnades gnay namet ignujnugnem akerem

met adapek nagnukud aut gnaro ignujnugnem ,tikas gnades gnay na

naktakgninem kutnu ahasu malaD .laggninem uata tikas gnay namet

adap retkerak naanibmep nakadagnem halokes kahip ,laisos nasadrecek

natauM .igap manes uata aracapu ada kadit akij ,utbas nad nines irah

k naanibmep nahitalep isireb ini retkara - kutnu nahitalep

,kopmolek akimanid itrepes laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem

araca uata ,bitret atat nad narutarep ianegnem isamrofni nairebmep

gnudnakret aguj aynmaladid gnay ,amasreb aod itrepes naamasrebek

bmegnem kutnu naujut .lautirips nasadrecek nakgna gnay awsiS

gnaro idajnem kutnu gnaulepreb ,ini iggnit laisos nasadrecek ikilimem

nagnabmegnep nad laisos isaler ,naajrekep malad lisahreb gnay

paites helo ikilimid gnitnep idajnem laisos nasadrecek akam ,aynidabirp

uret ,gnaro kanak asam kajes amat - .kanak


77

.2 meti isasirogetaK - meti renoiseuk DS 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek

a nuhat uraB oloS atinakaraT 2102/1102 naraj

meti irogetaK - meti renoiseuk DS 5 salek awsis laisos nasadrecek

uraB oloS atinakaraT 2102/1102 naraja nuhat adap id 8 lebat malad nakijas

ayntukireb namalah :

lebaT 8

kgneP isasirogeta na metI - metI laisoS nasadreceK 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK awsiS

rokS irogetaK halmuJmetI

nesreP)%(

metI romoN

X < 5,2 hadneR 2 % 3,4 33.13 5,2 ≤ < X

5,3 gnadeS 34 % 4,19 1- 21 ,01 - 43 ,23,03 -74,64 ,44

5,3 X ≤ iggniT 2 % 3,4 54,11

lebaT sata id awhab nakujnunem tapadret uata nesrep %3,4 meti 2

kusamret meti 34 uata % 4,19 ,hadner irogetak malad kusamret gnay

nad gnades irogetak malad %3,4 2 uata mret meti irogetak malad kusa

tubesret meti audek awhab nakujnunem hadner irogotaK .iggnit

awhab nakisakidnignem gnades irogetak ,ihunepret gnaruk isakidniret

meti - nad lamiskam araces ihunepret tapad muleb isakidniret tubesret meti

nakisakidnignem iggnit irogetak hadus tubesret meti audek awhab

naraja nuhat adap uraB oloS atinakraT DS 5 salek awsis helo ihunepret

.2102/1102


87

lebat adap naisasirogetakgnep lisah nakrasadreB id ,8 atad helorep

ini tukireb 9 lebat adap nakijasid gnay :

lebaT 9

kepsA - kepsa oS nasadreceK uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK awsiS laisgnadeS nad hadneR gnologreT gnay 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT

kepsA rotakidnI meti.oN %

rasaD itapmE

nial gnaro naasarep nakasareM 53,1

,8 9 % taraysi nakasareM - isome taraysilabrevnon

32,63

nasaraleyneP

ragnedneM akubret nagned nak 7,3

,22 2 %

M helo nakiapmasid gnay apa imahamenial gnaro

4 74,

M nakiapmasid gnay nasep naksaraleyne nakasarid gnay apa nagned nial gnaro

uti gnaro helo

,2 5

M nakiapmasid gnay nasep naksaraleyneakrikipid gnay apa nagned nial gnaro n

uti gnaro helo

42,6

M apa sata sarales nopser nakirebmenial gnaro helo nakiapmas id gnay

73,52

natapeteKkitapme

M araces nial gnaro ,narikip imahametapet

83,9 % 8,8

M araces nial gnaro ,naasarep imahametapet

34,8

naitregneP uata laisos

isingok laisos

M ainud kitsiretkarak gnatnet iuhategnelaisos

62,01

% 5,51 M laisos ainud arac gnatnet iuhategne

nilajret 93,72,21

M naparah gnatnet iuhategne - naparahlaisos

82,31

inorkniS B nagned racnal araces iskaretnire

labrevnon asahab nakanuggnem

14,51 % 4,4


97

kepsA rotakidnI meti.oN %

isatneserP irid

M kiab nagned irid naklipmane 03

% 5,51

M idabirp lanegne 71 12,

M gnay idabirp idajnem aynirid halognelimem i malad kiab gnay utauses ikaynirid

81 22,

M isome iserpske nakiladnegne 13,92

huragneP

M nagned utauses nakiapmayne hararet gnay naaracibmep

,91 64,02

% 02

M nagned utauses nakiapmayne laka amiretid tapad gnay naaracibmep

tahes

23,61

M nagned utauses nakiapmayneitah id anegnem gnay naaracibmep

04,33

M kutnu aynaracib namet ihuragnepmeem utauses nakukal

24,43

nailudepeK M nial gnaro nahutubek nakitahrepme 44,41 % 4,4

meti naisasirogetakgnep nakrasadreB - ini naitilenep lisah ,meti

s naiapacretek awhab nakujnunem adrecek kepsa aume malad laisos nas

ini naitilenep ades irogetak malad kusamret gn a nakatakid tapad uat

kepsa awhab - lamiskam araces ihunepret tapad muleb tubesret kepsa

awsis arap helo . meti nakopmolegnep nakrasadreB - meti tubesret ,

ritub aud tapadret gnay laisos nasadrecek isakidniret gnaruk ihunepret

malad halokeS 5 salek awsis irid uraB oloS atinakaraT rasaD nuhat

/1102 naraja 2102 rituB . - id tubesret ritub lebat malad naklipmat 01

namalah tukireb ayn :


08

lebaT 01

metI - meti uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 saleK awsiS laisoS nasadreceK hadneR gnologreT gnay 2102/1102 narajA nuhaT

metI oNi met

rotakidnI kepsA

muynesret patet ukAlaw a hides gnades uka nupu

13 M nakiladnegneisome iserpske

irid isatneserP

gnay namet ada alibapA uka ,lekgnej uka taubmem

gnusgnal nakatagnem inarebsulah araces

33 M nakiapmayne nagned utauses

gnay naaracibmepnem itah id aneg

huragneP

ebaT l awhab nakujnunem sata id adap 33 nad 13 romon meti

DS 5 salek awsis helo ihunepret gnaruk isakidniret renoiseuk

tubesret meti audeK .2102/1102 naraja nuhat adap uraB oloS atinakaraT

kepsa malad kusamret p irid isatneser nagned rotakidni nakiladnegnem

some iserpske i rotakidni nagned huragnep kepsa nad nakiapmaynem

itah id anegnem gnay naaracibmep nagned utauses .

metI - awhab nakisakidnignem ini hadner gnologret gnay meti

upmam pukuc muleb uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis

gnem upmam pukuc muleb nad aynisome iserpske nakiladne

laH .itah id anegnem gnay naaracibmep nagned utauses nakiapmaynem

ikilimem pukuc muleb hisam awsis anerak nakbabesid tapad ini

akereM .isome nasadrecek m upmam muleb e alogn akitek isome h

ro nagned napadahreb ini lah ipateT .nial gna tapad itregnemid

akus kadit ,aynada anamiagabes lipmat halada kana sahk iric tagnignem


18

arupreb - .nakasar akerem gnay apa nakiynubmeynem uata ,arup ini laH

421:0102( fusuY tapadnep nagned taukrepid - kutneb ianegnem )521

rep aisos ukali id halet gnay kana l naitilenep malad 2 bab adap naksalej

nial aratna uti laisos ukalireP .ini ,nagnakgnabmep ,iserga ,rakgnetreb

,adoggnem ,nagniasrep ,amas ajrek ,asaukreb irid nakgnitnemem

nad ,iridnes ukalireP .itapmis isos a awhab nakujnunem ini kana la kan

akerem akitek nakasar akerem gnay apa itukignem pakisreb naka

nakitahrepmem apnat ,akerem nahutubek ihunemem kutnu ahasureb

.akerem irid raul id isautis laH tapad ini kana awhab nakisakidnignem

aleb nad sigoloib nagnorod nakiladnegnem upmam muleb hisam raj

akereM .takaraysam amiretid gnay tapmet adap aynnakrulaynem kutnu

natabmah isatagnem upmam muleb - nakgnabmegnem nad ,natabmah

nakiauseynem rajaleb nad laisos ukal hakgnit gnatnet namahamep

imahamem muleb akereM .nagnukgnil natutnut nagned aynukalirep

ap ,fitkeles araces nial gnaro tapadnep nopserem nad nial gnaro nagnadn

imahamem nad irid rutagnem kutnu namahamep ikilimem muleb nad

iridnes ukalirep ialinem kutnu airetirk )721:0102 fusuY( . ayngnaruK

naupmamek - ecek ayngnaruk isakidni nakapurem uti naupmamek nasadr

laisos ipateT . ada awhab nanikgnumek aynhadner ini meti audek

anerak rotakidni nagned kococ gnaruk kepsa nad ay ,nakduskam id gn

elorep aggnihes .hadner irogetak kusamret ini meti roks nah


28

.B kipoT nalusU - DS id kopmoleK nagnibmiB kipot

ep nakrasadreB meti isasirogetak uata nakopmolegn - hadus gnay meti

ap nakrapapid A niop ad isasirogetak malad kusam gnay meti aud tapadret ,

.hadner tubesret hadner irogetak malad kusamret gnay meti audeK idajnem

rasad kipot nanusuynep malad - kopmolek nagnibmib kipot et gnay tap . DS

uraB oloS atinakaraT nanayal nataigek nad KB urug iaynupmem kadit

upuam ,kopmolek uata lakisalk nagnibmib kiab ,nagnibmib nagnibmib n

akam ,idabirp kipot - helo nakanugid tapad ini kopmolek nagnibmib kipot

m nakisatnamelpmignem akgnar malad salek urug natau irid nagnabmegnep

nakparetid tapad gnay gnay narajalep atam iagabreb narajalebmep malad

.tiakret kipot nakanuggnem tapad aguj uraB oloS atinakaraT DS - kipot

awsis naidabirpek naanibmep kutnu nahab iagabes ini kopmolek nagnibmib

ajaleb nataigek raul id .iskeloker taas itrepes ,fitkefe rajagnem r

T kipo - kopmolek nagnibmib kipot naklusuid gnay aynah kadit ini

ipatet uraB oloS atinakaraT DS 5 salek awsis igab anugreb aguj awsis igab

aynmumu adap DS 5 salek . kipoT - gnay kopmolek nagnibmib kipot

suid u helo nakl id naka itilenep lebat malad nakijas 11 ayntukireb namalah :


38

lebaT 11

kipoT nalusU - DS id kopmoleK nagnibmiB kipot metI irogotaK nakrasadreBhadnereT

oN nagnareteK

1 nasahaB kokoP ukisome nakiladnegnem asib ukA

isnetepmoK radnatS m upmam awsis ragA aynisome nakiladnegnenial gnaro naped id

rasaD isnetepmoK .a aynirid halognem upmam awsis ragA gnay utauses ikilimem gnay idabirp idajnem

aynirid malad kiab .b irid naklipmanem upmam awsis ragA

kiab nagned rotakidnI .a iagabreb naktubeynem upmam awsiS

me macam naasarep uata iso .b ayngnitnep naksalejnem upmam awsiS

isome nakiladnegnem .c naksalejnem tapad awsiS arac - arac

isome nakiladnegnem .d nad nagnutnuek nakkujnunem tapad awsiS

ai akitek aynimalaid gnay naigurek upmamisome nakiladnegnem

.e tain naksilunem tapad awsiS -n kutnu ayntaiaynisome nakiladnegnem tapad .

.f ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu asib nikames raga nakukalid ulrep gnay

isome nakiladnegnem .


48

oN nagnareteK

2 nasahaB kokoP ukA asib nakiapmaynem utauses tapet nagned

isnetepmoK radnatS utauses nakiapmaynem upmam awsis ragA nagned tapet

rasaD isnetepmoK .a nakiapmaynem upmam awsis ragA itikaynem apnat aynnarikip nad naasarep

nial gnaro .b nakiapmaynem upmam awsis ragA

nagned aynnarikip nad naasarepial gnaro amiretid tapad gnay naaracibmep n

rotakidnI .a ayngnitnep naksalejnem upmam awsiStapet nagned utauses nakiapmaynem

.b arac naksalejnem tapad awsiS - aractapet nagned utauses nakiapmaynem

.c nad nagnutnuek nakkujnunem tapad awsiSy naigurek asib ai akitek aynimalaid gna

men nad naasarep nakiapmay aynnarikiptapet nagned

.d tain naksilunem tapad awsiS - kutnu ayntain nad naasarep nakiapmaynem tapad

tapet nagned aynnarikip .e ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu

asib nikames raga nakukalid ulrep gnay aynnarikip nad naasarep nakiapmaynem

tapet nagned

eS nial nalusu kipot - nakrasadreb nagnibmib kipot meti isasirogetak - meti ,

kipot naklusugnem aguj itilenep - takgnit gnay awsis arap igab nagnibmib kipot

.hadner irogetak kusamret aynlaisos nasadrecek kipot nalusU - nagnibmib kipot

nakujaid kepsa nakrasadreb - kepsa laisos nasadrecek malad tapadret gnay

aumes kadit ipateT .nameloG leinaD turunem rotakidni gnudnakret gnay

kepsa malad - tubesret kepsa id itileneP .nasahab kokop nokidaj aynah

utas halas libmagnem rotakidni kepsa paites malad gnudnakret gnay - epsa k

.tubesret kipoT - ilenep helo naklusuid gnay kopmolek nagnibmib kipot naka it

21 lebat malad nakijasid namalah tukireb ayn :


58

lebaT 12

kipoT nalusU - DS id kopmoleK nagnibmiB kipot irogetaK nakrasadreBhadnereT takgniT

oN nagnareteK

1 nasahaB kokoP m asib ukA ep nakasare nial gnaro naasar

isnetepmoK radnatS upmam awsis ragA naasarep nakasarem gnaronial

rasaD isnetepmoK upmam awsis ragA id gnay apa imahamem nakasar nial gnaro

rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS sinej naktubeynem - sinejnaasarep

.b naksalejnem tapad awsiS ayngnitnep naasarep ilanegnem

.c naksalejnem tapad awsiS ayngnitnep tukinial gnaro naasarep nakasarem

.d nad nagnutnuek nakkujnunem tapad awsiS asib ai akitek aynimalaid gnay naigurek

nial gnaro naasarep nakasarem .e ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu

lid ulrep gnay asib nikames raga nakukanial gnaro naasarep nakasarem

.f tain naksilunem tapad awsiS - kutnu ayntain tapad nial gnaro naasarep nakasarem .

2 nasahaB kokoP nial gnaro nakragnednem uam ukA

isnetepmoK radnatS nial gnaro nakragnednem upmam awsis ragAkiab nagned

rasaD isnetepmoK .a nad nakitahrepmem upmam awsis ragAaracibreb gnades gnay gnaro iagrahgnem

.b A awsis rag nakaracib id gnay apa itregnemnial gnaro

.c nopser nakirebmem upmam awsis ragA nakaracibid gnay apa nagned iauses gnay

nial gnaro rotakidnI .a apad awsiS naksalejnem t ayngnitnep

nial gnaro nakragnednem .b naksalejnem tapad awsiS arac - arac

nial gnaro nakragnednem .c ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu

asib nikames raga nakukalid ulrep gnaynial gnaro nakragnednem


68

oN nagnareteK

3 nasahaB kokoP naS napoS nut

isnetepmoK radnatS nad napos nagned pakisreb upmam awsis ragAukalreb gnay amron nagned iauses nutnas

rasaD isnetepmoK .a nial gnaro itamrohgnem upmam awsis ragA .b nial gnaro iagrahgnem upmam awsis ragA .c naruta ihutamem upmam awsis ragA - naruta

lreb gnay aynnagnukgnil malad uka

rotakidnI .a naksalejnem tapad awsiS ayngnitnepnutnas nad napos pakisreb

.b naksalejnem tapad awsiS pakis - gnay pakisnutnas nad napos kusamret

.c nad nagnutnuek nakkujnunem tapad awsiS asib ai akitek aynimalaid gnay naigurek

os pakisreb nutnas nad nap .d tain naksilunem tapad awsiS - kutnu ayntain

tapad nutnas nad napos pakisreb . .e ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu

asib nikames raga nakukalid ulrep gnaynutnas nad napos pakisreb

4 nasahaB kokoP asiB ukA

isnetepmoK radnatS s ragA m awsi nahibelek imahamem upma -tafis/nahibelek - .aynirid malad fitisop tafis

rasaD isnetepmoK s ragA nad irukuysnem tapad awsitafis/nahibelek nakanugrepmem - fitisop tafis

aynikilimid gnay rotakidnI .a upmam awsiS nahibelek naksalejnem -

uata nahibelek tafis - tafis p ada gnay fitisoaynirid adap

.b ahibelek ilanegnem upmam awsiS n-tafis/nahibelek - fitisop tafis

.c nahibelek naktubeynem upmam awsiS -tafis/nahibelek - afis adap ada gnay fitisop t

aynirid .d nahibelek nakujnunem awsiS -

tafis/nahibelek - adap ada gnay fitisop tafisrid dihek malad ayni irahes napu - irah

.e gnay irid pesnok ikilimem upmam awsiStafis/nahibelek iuhategnem haletes fitisop -

.aynirid malad fitisop tafis


78

oN nagnareteK

5 nasahaB kokoP kiab nagned isakinumokreb asib ukA

isnetepmoK radnatS lajnem upmam awsis ragA gnay isakinumok ninial gnaro nagned kiab

rasaD isnetepmoK .a nakiapmaynem upmam awsis ragAnial gnaro adapek kiab nagned tapadnep

.b awsis ragA apa nakpakgnugnem upmam ai gnay apa ,aynnanigniek idajnem gnay

nakrikip nad nakasar .c awsis ragA nad imahamem upmam

m gnay isakinumok sata nopser nakirebmenial gnaro nagned nilajret

rotakidnI .a naksalejnem tapad awsiS ayngnitnepnial gnaro nagned isakinumok nilajnem

.b naksalejnem tapad awsiS arac - arac nagned kiab gnay isakinumok nilajnem

nial gnaro .c nakkujnunem tapad awsiS nad nagnutnuek

asib ai akitek aynimalaid gnay naigureknial gnaro nagned isakinumokreb

.d ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu asib nikames raga nakukalid ulrep gnay

kiab nagned isakinumokreb 6 nasahaB kokoP amases adap iludep ukA

isnetepmoK radnatS gA adap nailudepek ikilimem upmam awsis ranial gnaro

rasaD isnetepmoK nad nakmananem upmam awsis ragA amases adap iludep pakis nakgnabmegnem

nakhutubmem gnay rotakidnI .a naksalejnem tapad awsiS ayngnitnep

emases adap nailudepek ikilimem .b alejnem tapad awsiS naks kutneb - kutneb

amases adap nailudepek .c nad nagnutnuek nakkujnunem tapad awsiS

asib ai akitek aynimalaid gnay naigurekaynamases adap iludep

.d ahasu naksilunem tapad awsiS - atayn ahasu asib nikames raga nakukalid ulrep gnay

aynamases adap iludep


88

nialeS su kipot nalu - KB urug ,sata id nagnibmib kipot DS id nad

urug aumes salek nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem malad awsis utnabmem tapad

arac nagned laisos naupmamek nakparenem - naupmamek nalipmaretek nad -

nalipmaretek .nakhtub id gnay naupmameK - halada uti naupmamek

k mame ,irid awabmem naupmamek ,lanoisautis naradasek naup naupmamek

k ,nasalejek ,satisitnetua itapmereb naupmame . KB uruG urug aumes nad aguj

nalipmaretek nakgnabmegnem ulrep - gnukudnem gnay nalipmaretek

nalipmaretek itrepes kana laisos nasadrecek ayngnabmekreb b ,isakinumokre

nalipmaretek nakatpicnem ,romuh nalipmaretek ,natabahasrep nilajnem

nalipmaretek nad naluagrep malad nutnas naposreb nalipmaretek narepreb

kopmolek malad .

S niale naupmamek - naupmamek nalipmaretek nad - nalipmaretek

tubesret gnay , halada gnitnepret KB urug urug aumes nad tapad surah

naksaraleynem awsis nagned irid , imahamem ,nahutubek ipaggnanem

itah anasaus ukudnem nad imamem , tanim ,takab gn atres awsis naupmamek .

KB uruG urug uata fitisop nagnadnap nad natagnahek nakujnunem tapad

nugnabmem nagned namayn gnay salek gnaur nakatpicnem ,awsis adap

KB uruG .tagnamesreb nad nakgnaneynem gnay napakacrep urug aumes nad

gnay satinitur nagned ,sugab gnay salek gnaur nemejanam ikilimem ulrep

awsis aggnihes ,lebiskelf numan salej - ignem awsis naruta ituk - kadit naruta

083 :7002 ,nameloG( iridnes aynkadnehek anerak numan ,askapret nagned -

.)183


98

BAB V

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

nad naitilenep lisah nalupmisek ianegnem nakakumekid naka ini bab malaD

naras - gnilesnok nad nagnibmib nataigek padahret naras S id haloke rasaD .

.A nalupmiseK

isah nasahabmep nad naitilenep lisah nakrasadreb nalupmisek aparebeB l

:halada naitilenep

.1 :naitileneP lisaH

.a S t )%5,48( raseb naigabe takgni laisos nasadrecek awsis 5 salek

2102/1102 naraja nuhat uraB oloS atinakaraT DS adap kusam

.gnades irogetak

.b tapadreT 2 ritub laisos nasadrecek gnay ihunepret gnaruk adap

p irid atar ialin anerak awsis ara - kusam aynritub pait roks atar

.hadner irogetak malad

.B naraS

lisah nagned iauses gnay naras aparebeb nakakumekid ini tukireB

:kahip iagabreb kutnu naitilenep

.1 uraB oloS atinakaraT DS kahiP

.a K arutkurts tabajep nad halokes alape ( l w naigab halokes alapek lika

)mulukiruk nad naawsisek margorp taubmem aynkiabes - margorp

margorp malad awsis laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem kutnu


09

nerak amaturet ,halokes nanuhat a limem muleb halokes i urug ik

.KB

.b kipot nalusU - nagnibmib kipot kopmolek malad tapad ini naitilenep

iagabes nakanugid kipot nalusu - kutnu kipot margorp nataigek

awsis retkarak nagnabmegnep mit nad urug helo nakanugid gnay

awsis retkarak nagnabmegnep gnipmadnep .

.2 awsiS

s nakparahid awsiS naka radas nikame isos nasadrecek ayngnitnep la

.aynirid malad laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem rajaleb uam nad

.3 uruG k sale

uruG salek nakparahid nakparenem tapad etek nalipmar - nalipmaretek

laisos nasadrecek nakgnabmegnem malad awsis utnabmem tapad gnay

salek id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp tawel akerem .salek raul id nad

.4 nial itileneP

.a itrepes nahabmat naitilenep nakadagnem aynkiabes nial itileneP

gnay naitilenep lisah nasahabmep kutnu isavresbo uata aracnawaw

tagnignem ,malad hibel ada awsis nanikgnumek uata suires kadit

b ,tahes kadit gnay naadaek malad aynnitab nupuam kisif kia adap

.nemurtsni isignem taas

.b nial itileneP megnem malad itilet hibel nemurtsni nakgnab nad

tamrec nagned nakitahrepmem natiakretek meti aratna - nagned meti

kepsa nad rotakidni - tiakret gnay kepsa .


19

AKATSUP RATFAD

.1991 .ubA ,idamhA .rajaleB igolokisP atrakaJ .atpiC akeniR TP :

.2002 .gnortsmA sadreC kanA paiteS - nagned rajaleB kanA utnabmeM naudnaPecnegilletnI elpitluM naktaafnameM - .ayn akatsuP aidemarG TP :atrakaJ

amatU

.niddufiaS ,rawzA 0102 . igolokisP alakS nanusuyneP . .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY

.0102 .nimiahuM damhkA ,tezzA kanA igab laisoS nasadreceK nakgnabmegneM .itahataK :atrakaygoY

.8002 .elehciM ,abroB laroM nasadreceK nugnabmeM aidemarG TP :atrakaJ .amatU akatsuP

.2002 .ynoT ,nazuB luagreB iadnaP gnay gnarO idaJ araC hulupeS TP :atrakaJ . amatU akatsuP aidemarG

nahcruF .4002 .feirA , d naitileneP ratnagneP nakididneP mala akatsuP :atrakaygoY .rajaleP

.1102 .divaD nad niyrhtaK ,dradleG teK e gnilesnoK kitkarP nalipmar :atrakaygoY .akatsuP rajaleP

.0102 .ynneJ ,arahciG ay idajneM asiB ukA n uamuK g aideM xelE TP :atrakaJ .odnitupmoK

.7002 .leinaD ,nameloG ecnegilletnI laicoS amatU akatsuP aidemarG TP :atrakaJ .

.8791 .B htebasilE ,kcolruH kanA nagnabmekreP :atrakaJ . aggnalrE

.4002 .ydnabuS idI ,miharbI K aynanriS ayaduB sisirK kitapmE isakinumotakaraysaM malad isakinumoK ysiarauQ inaB akatsuP :gnudnaB .

.1102 .cirE ,nesneJ meP b sisabreB narajale - katO skednI TP :atrakaJ .

.8002 .kkd yaM ,niwL M araC K nenopmoK iagabreB nakgnabmegne nasadrece .atrakaJ skednI.TP :


29

.9002 .nahruB ,orotnayigruN napareT kitsitatS ytisrevinU adaM hajdaG :atrakaygoY ..sserP

.0102 .atiL ,inairA nad imeF ,aivilO loohcS ta gnilaeH rennI aideM xelE TP :atrakaJ .odnitupmoK

.6002 .notnirT .B.P napareT 0.31 SPSS . tesffO idnA V.C .atrakaygoY

tnI nasadreceK naitregneP id lanosrepre J 82 laggnat hudnu : irad 1102 ilunaitrgenep/moc.igolokisprajaleb//:ptth - nasadrecek - srepretni lano - turunem -

arap - /ilha

_______ 1102/01002 uraB oloS atinakaraT DS ajreK margorP

.3991 .niddulalaJ ,tamhkaR isakinumoK igolokisP ayrakadsoR ajameR TP :gnudnaB .

.5002 .T ,airafaS ecnegilletnI lanosrepretnI nasadreceK nakgnabmegneM edoteM :kanA lanosrepretnI skooB aramA :atrakaygoY .

.9991 .ecnerwaL ,oripahS kanA adap ecnegilletnI lanoitomE nakrajagneM :atrakaJ .amatU akatsuP aidemarG TP

.4002 .luaP ,onrapuS halokeS id aynisakilpA nad adnaG isnegiletnI iroeT .suisinaK :atrakaygoY

.5991 .A ,aynkitarpuS idabirpratnA isakinumoK suisinaK :atrakaygoY .

.3002 .omiB ,otiglaW laisoS igolokisP idnA :atrakaygoY .

ododiW , okE . .6002 “ laisoS nasadreceK : uraB nasameK malad ” adabmeS awS . ( iluJ .)IIXX atrakaJ

lekniW W , . .7991 .S id rajaleB gnilesnoK nad nagnibmiB nakididneP isutitsnI ..odnisarG :atrakaJ

.0102 .usmayS .H ,fusuY ajameR nad kanA nagnabmekreP igolokisP TP :gnudnaB .ayrakadsoR ajameR


NARIPMAL


39

1 naripmaL

DS 5 salek awsiS renoiseuK

naisigneP kujnuteP

kanA - naataynrep halisi gnolot…kana - .…ay rujuj nagned ini hawabid naataynrep adnat irebmem laggnit umak …kok gnapmag aynaraC gnalis ( )X naataynrep molok utas halas adap

naadaek nagned iauses gnay .aynranebes gnay umirid

molok haN SS umak akij GNIRES TAGNAS nakukalem ayn S umak akij ES GNIR aynnakukalem K umak akij GNADAK - GNADAK nakukalem ayn JS umak akij GNARAJ TAGNAS aynnakukalem

agnaj nad aynaumes isI naktawelret gnay ada n ay ...… oN naataynreP SS S K JS

.1 gnanes aguj uka ,gnanes uknamet tahilem akiJ

.2 awatret ayntaubmem gnay apa aynatreb uka ,awatret uknamet tahilem akiJ

.3 aracibreb gnades uknamet akitek nakragnednem ukA

.4 nakatakid gnay apa itregnem ukA uknamet

.5 signanem aid taubmem gnay apa aynatreb uka ,signanem uknamet tahilem akiJ

.6 uknamet nakiapmasid gnay apa itregnem kadit uka akij aynatreb inareb ukA

.7 aynnakitahrepmem uka ,aracibreb gnades uknamet akiJ

.8 asib ukA gnanes gnades uknamet akij iuhategnem

.9 rajaleb akitek uggnagid nigni kadit uknamet akij uhat ukA

.01 narutarep iuhategnem ukA - halokes id ada gnay narutarep

.11 uksalek id ada gnay namet aumes iuhategnem ukA

.21 atnimem areges ukA uka raga ,uknamet adap nahalasek nakukalem akij faamigal nametreb asib

.31 ukignayaynem aut gnaro raga aut hibel gnay gnaro itamrohgnem ukA

.41 akerem akij uknamet adapek rajaleb napakgnelrep nakmajnimem ukAaynnakhutubmem

.51 ukA ukadapek namuynes irebmem gnay gnaro ada akitek namuynes salabmem

.61 uknamalagnep nakatirecnem inareb ukA

.71 nahibelek uhat ukA - uknahibelek

.81 uktakab nakgnabmegnem kutnu relukirukartske nataigek itukignem ukA

.91 uka gnay apA namet helo itregnemid tapad nakatak - uknamet

39

1 naripmaL


naisigneP kujnuteP
























39

1 naripmaL


naisigneP kujnuteP

























49

oN naataynreP SS S K JS

.02 salej nagned namet adap atirecreb tapad ukA

.12 nagnarukeK uhat ukA - uknagnarukek

.22 naruta ihutamem rajaleb ukA - halokes naruta

.32 uknamet akiteK gnanes gnades ai awhab asarem uka ,muynesret

.42 aracib halas namet akij rugenem inareb ukA

.52 salek id akitek urug nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem ukA

.62 halokes CW nakanuggnem arac iuhategnem ukA

.72 nagned nametreb uam ukA ajas apais

.82 salek kian tapad raga rajaleb nijar ukA

.92 lasek gnades uka nupiksem ,uluhad hibel gnaro apaynem patet ukA

.03 nial gnaro hamur ek umatreb akitek napos pakisreb ukA

.13 hides gnades uka nupualaw muynesret patet ukA

.23 atic nakatirecnem inareb ukA - ukatic

.33 nakatagnem inareb uka ,lekgnej uka taubmem gnay namet ada alibapAsulah araces gnusgnal

.43 kutnu aynkajagnem uka ,kopmolek tapadnem kadit gnay namet ada akiJukkopmolek atoggna idajnem

.53 ukA arauj tapadnem uknamet akitek aribmegreb tuki

.63 lasek gnades ai awhab asarem uka ,turebmec uknamet akiteK

.73 uknamet nakatakid gnay apa itregnem uka akij ,kuggnagnem ukA

.83 uknamet tapadnep itregnem asib ukA

.93 kajagnem ukA namet nalanekreb - kaynab iaynupmem uka raga ,urab nametnamet

.04 arauj idajnem gnay namet adap tamales nakirebmem ukA

.14 haram gnades ai uhat uka ,sarek gnay araus nagned aracibreb uknamet akiJ

24 namet kajagnem ukA - rajaleb kutnu namet amasreb

.34 hides gnades uknamet akij iuhategnem asib ukA

.44 aynrubihgnem uka ,hidesreb gnay namet ada akiJ

.54 hadabi tapmet ek napos gnay naiakap iakamem ukA

.64 nameT - nakaracib uka gnay apa nagned gnugnib asarem namet

.74 itregnem tapad uka ,narajalep naksalejnem urug akiJ

…umnasulutek sata hisakamirT …


59

2 naripmaL

renoiseuK abocijU isaleroK isneisifeoK nagnutihgneP nad satilibaileR

metI - scitsitatS latoT

fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

detcerroCmetI - latoT

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC metI fi ahplA

deteleD 1 96.481 073.482 491. 968. 2 90.481 683.782 941. 078. 3 76.481 270.282 552. 968. 4 57.481 837.672 464. 568. 5 82.481 511.182 333. 768. 6 57.481 988.372 105. 568. 7 01.481 479.882 450. 178. 8 19.481 178.772 493. 668. 9 87.481 611.972 233. 768. 01 54.481 900.872 044. 668. 11 30.481 666.382 892. 868. 21 94.481 270.182 143. 768. 31 13.481 255.282 462. 868. 41 39.481 607.572 905. 568. 51 75.481 558.972 423. 868. 61 10.481 126.782 621. 078. 71 27.481 853.672 793. 668. 81 03.481 796.282 013. 868. 91 97.481 317.872 234. 668. 02 76.481 240.872 554. 668. 12 91.481 779.982 - 700. 278. 22 07.481 524.592 - 481. 678. 32 81.481 406.682 031. 078. 42 78.381 427.982 740. 078. 52 82.481 045.882 540. 278. 62 54.481 667.772 714. 668. 72 13.481 285.392 - 231. 478. 82 94.481 391.782 980. 178. 92 69.481 985.372 494. 568. 03 00.581 545.672 674. 568. 13 99.481 904.482 861. 078. 23 21.481 256.382 513. 868.


69

33 81.481 345.872 074. 668. 43 94.481 270.472 845. 468. 53 12.581 598.772 593. 668. 63 31.581 587.682 580. 178. 73 12.481 083.182 153. 768. 83 51.481 688.682 141. 078. 93 06.481 533.092 - 420. 378. 04 51.581 779.672 943. 768. 14 85.481 055.482 622. 968. 24 03.481 584.682 911. 078. 34 16.481 566.772 263. 768. 44 40.581 916.772 643. 768. 54 81.581 072.572 114. 668. 64 03.581 342.482 271. 078. 74 33.481 543.572 465. 468. 84 37.481 062.672 634. 668. 94 13.581 649.582 811. 178. 05 43.481 740.092 - 210. 378. 15 27.481 075.572 034. 668. 25 87.481 983.672 874. 568. 35 09.381 954.092 - 310. 178. 45 06.481 806.372 755. 468. 55 82.481 166.772 184. 568. 65 10.581 195.972 482. 868. 75 99.381 338.582 942. 968. 85 51.581 446.472 964. 568. 95 27.481 580.372 955. 468. 06 85.481 924.272 075. 368.

scitsitatS elacS

naeM ecnairaV .dtS

noitaiveD smetI fo N 07.781 554.092 340.71 06

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

ahplA s'hcabnorC smetI fo N 078. 06


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 32 42 521 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 32 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 23 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 24 4 2 3 2 4 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 45 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 26 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 27 4 4 4 2 4 1 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 3 1 48 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 4 29 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 201 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 3 4 1 2 2 3 1 4 2 2 2 4 2 3 4 111 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 4 3 221 2 3 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 431 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 341 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 351 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 4 2 3 3 4 261 3 2 3 2 4 4 2 3 2 2 4 4 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 271 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 481 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 491 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 3 2 3 4 1 402 4 4 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 212 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 422 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 232 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 3 442 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 452 4 2 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 4 4 462 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 372 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 482 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2

79

3 naripmaLnaitileneP ataD isalubaT

nopseRned

metI


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 32 42 5292 2 4 2 3 3 1 1 3 4 3 4 4 3 1 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 3 4 203 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 4 4 4 2 1 313 2 1 3 3 2 2 4 1 4 2 4 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 2 1 4 3 3 2 223 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 233 2 3 2 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 2 343 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 253 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 363 2 3 3 4 3 1 3 1 2 3 4 3 2 3 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 3 4 2 373 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 4 2 2 3 2 4 1 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 183 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 393 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 4 2 204 4 2 3 1 2 3 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 214 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 424 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 4 4 2 234 4 2 4 3 4 3 2 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 3 1 4 4 4 2 1 144 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 254 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 164 3 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 274 3 3 1 2 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 284 4 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 294 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 205 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 215 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 2 2 2 225 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 3 4 1 3 4 2 235 4 2 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 4 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 2 345 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 355 4 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 2 365 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 275 3 1 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 3 4 1 485 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 395 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 3 2

nopseRned

metI

89


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 02 12 22 32 42 5206 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 4 2 3 3 1 4 2 3 4 2 3 2 1 216 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 4 3 2 3 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 226 3 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 336 2 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 346 3 4 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 356 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 366 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 276 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 486 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 2 396 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 2 207 2 1 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 217 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 227 4 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 237 4 4 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 4 4 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 4 247 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 1 3 3 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 3 257 2 3 2 2 3 4 2 1 3 4 3 4 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 267 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 277 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 187 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 297 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 208 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 1 2 2 4 2 2 3 218 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 128 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 238 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 248 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 2latoT 852 332 332 232 762 232 732 012 142 952 892 952 162 932 452 391 962 442 912 242 252 152 272 312 802naeM 1.3 8.2 8.2 8.2 2.3 8.2 8.2 5.2 9.2 1.3 5.3 1.3 1.3 8.2 0.3 3.2 2.3 9.2 6.2 9.2 0.3 0.3 2.3 5.2 5.2

TK S S S S S S S S S S T S S S S S S S S S S S S S S

:teK R =S =T =

99

iggniT

hadneRgnadeS

nopseRned

metI


62 72 82 92 03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 04 14 24 34 44 54 64 743 3 3 4 3 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 331 8.2 S4 1 4 3 4 1 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 751 3.3 S3 3 3 2 4 1 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 911 5.2 S4 4 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 441 1.3 S3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 89 1.2 R4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 361 5.3 T4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 4 2 3 841 1.3 S3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 111 4.2 R4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 541 1.3 S4 1 4 1 2 2 4 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 1 3 2 3 1 3 511 4.2 R3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 141 0.3 S4 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 451 3.3 S4 4 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 1 2 4 3 2 051 2.3 S4 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 031 8.2 S4 2 3 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 3 831 9.2 S4 4 2 1 3 2 4 2 4 4 3 2 1 4 3 4 2 2 2 4 3 4 621 7.2 S4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 2 4 361 5.3 T4 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 2 4 3 4 351 3.3 S4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 261 4.3 S3 4 4 3 4 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 241 0.3 S4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 651 3.3 S3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 3 521 7.2 S4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 961 6.3 T4 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 651 3.3 S4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 3 1 4 3 1 3 4 4 351 3.3 S3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 421 6.2 S4 4 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 161 4.3 S4 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 641 1.3 S

001

latoT naeM tKmetI


62 72 82 92 03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 04 14 24 34 44 54 64 744 3 3 1 4 1 3 2 4 4 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 4 3 4 3 2 531 9.2 S4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 1 4 4 4 351 3.3 S4 4 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 021 6.2 S2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 321 6.2 S4 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 3 641 1.3 S3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 821 7.2 S3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 221 6.2 S2 2 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 4 4 3 321 6.2 S4 3 2 1 4 2 4 1 2 4 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 911 5.2 S2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 721 7.2 S3 4 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 2 1 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 421 6.2 S4 4 1 4 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 3 421 6.2 S1 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 951 4.3 S4 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 221 6.2 S2 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 141 0.3 S3 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 331 8.2 S3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 211 4.2 R3 2 4 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 531 9.2 S4 4 4 3 4 3 2 2 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 841 1.3 S3 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 631 9.2 S3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 4 3 3 511 4.2 R4 4 4 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 3 651 3.3 S2 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 911 5.2 S3 3 2 1 4 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 4 4 3 631 9.2 S3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 131 8.2 S3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 231 8.2 S3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 551 3.3 S3 4 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 731 9.2 S4 4 3 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 051 2.3 S4 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 421 6.2 S4 4 2 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 2 4 431 9.2 S

101

metIlatoT naeM tK


62 72 82 92 03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 04 14 24 34 44 54 64 744 3 3 1 2 4 2 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 1 1 2 2 4 3 4 2 121 6.2 S3 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 4 2 4 3 3 2 2 211 4.2 R3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 221 6.2 S3 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 921 7.2 S3 2 4 2 3 1 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 121 6.2 S4 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 451 3.3 S3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 2 521 7.2 S4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 1 3 071 6.3 T4 4 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 531 9.2 S2 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 251 2.3 S4 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 261 4.3 S3 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 741 1.3 S3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 711 5.2 S4 3 2 1 4 2 3 1 2 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 3 3 4 3 3 431 9.2 S3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 3 4 3 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 4 241 0.3 S3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 221 6.2 S3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 711 5.2 S3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 3 401 2.2 R3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 731 9.2 S3 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 221 6.2 S4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 511 4.2 R2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 1 3 2 2 09 9.1 R3 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 4 3 2 3 1 2 831 9.2 S3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 841 1.3 S1 3 4 2 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 531 9.2 S184 762 562 012 072 991 342 891 812 242 842 842 942 732 832 222 602 722 822 392 242 842 555117.5 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.3 4.2 9.2 4.2 6.2 9.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 8.2 8.2 6.2 5.2 7.2 7.2 5.3 9.2 0.3 6.731 S S S S S R S R S S S S S S S S S S S T S S

201

metIlatoT naeM tK





Documents

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI terdiri dari 47 i tem p erny ataan de ng an 4 alte r natif jawaban y aitu: san g at seri ng, serin g, ka dang-ka da ng dan sangat jara ng