PLA - Marxists Internet Archive · v. —Franklyn n Peterso n MADISO N PICKETS: Negr o an d whit e student s stan d togethe r i n solidarit y durin g a demonstratio n i n suppor t

v.

—Franklynn

PetersonM

AD

ISON

PICK

ET

S: N

egro and white students stand together in

solidarity during

a dem

onstration in

support of integration

fight.

SP

ON

TA

NE

OU

S M

OV

EM

EN

T:

•

Sit-ins Rock Southern Citiesby Jack A

rnoldT

he w

hole w

orld is watching

and w

aiting. The

whole w

orld isw

atching the sit-in demonstrations of the N

egro students in the South

which are now

in their second month. T

he whole w

orld is waiting to

see what the outcom

e will be of these m

ilitant struggles that are beingconducted in the face of trem

endous opposing forces . . . the

racists,the

kangaroo courts, Jim

Crow

killer cops, lynchings, bombings, and

the m

ob rule of the Klu K

lux Klan. T

he fight has been one of im-

mediate action and direct intervention, of entering stores, taking seats

at Jim C

row lunch counters and refusing to m

ove until served.T

he fight

has been

directed®

:tow

ard three

major

variety store

chains plus

a host

of sm

allershops.

The

three national

chainsinvolved are W

oolworths, K

resge's,and K

ress, with W

oolworth being

by far the largest. The practice of

these stores has been to serve Ne-

groes at

thiir

Southern lunch

counters only w

hen standing' up,if at all.H

OW

IT ST

AR

TE

DT

he sit-in's started on February

first in

the city

of G

reensboro,N

.C. T

hey started quite

indepen-dently of outside organizers, con-trary

to the

claims

of Southern

racists.In an interview

some days aftej

the first demonstration M

cNeil A

.Joseph, a 17 -year-old N

egro stu-dent at the N

orth Carolina* A

gri-cultural and T

echnical C

ollege inG

reensboro, said,

"Segregationm

akes m

e feel unw

anted ..

. I

don't w

ant m

y children exposed

to it." O

n the night of January31st

he had

sat thinking

alongthose lines.

The next m

orning he approach-ed

three of

his classm

ates and

proposed th

at they demand

serv-ice

at the

lunch counter

of a

downtow

n variety store. His class-

mates

accepted the idea with en-

thusiasm.

According

to M

r. Joseph they

entered the P. W

. Woolw

orth storeon N

orth Elm

Street in the heart

of Greenstioro. M

r. Joseph boughta tube of toothpaste and the

oth-ers m

ade similar

purchases.. Then

they sat

down

at the

lunch I

counter.T

he student

asked a

white

waitress for a cup of coffee.

"I'msorry

but w

e don't serve

coloredhere," they quoted her.

FranklinM

cCain,

18, said,

"I toeg

yourpardon, you just

served me at

acounter tw

o feet away. W

hy is itthat you serve m

e at one counterand deny m

e at another? Why not

stop serving me at

all counters?"

The

students than

sat coffeeless

until closing time at 5:30 P.M

.T

his simple act of that first day

gave w

ay on

following

days to

larger and

larger demonstrations

on the part of A&

T students and

finally on the sixth day the

de-m

onstrations spread to D

urham,

N.C

., where students from

North

Carolina

College w

ere joined by

four w

hite students

from

Duke

University.

In the weeks that fol-

lowed

this latest

protest of

theN

egro people

was

to spread

throughout eight

S o; ,u t h q| r nstates in m

ore than 40 cities, was

to come up against violent opposi-

tion of part of the white popula-

tion, police

arrests, and

state-m

ents of

white

officialdom

thatcould only be invitations

to vio-lence.M

OV

EM

EN

T SPRE

AD

SFrom

Charlotte the dem

onstra-tions

continued to

spread out-

ward just as the ripples in w

aterdo w

hen a rock is thrown into a

pool. T

hey spread to E

ayettville,R

aleigh, E

lizabeth C

ity, H

ighPoint, N

.C., and at the sam

e time

(Continued on Page 7) m

imm

Special! 8-page issue oti Sit-ins-Pictures, Reports

YOUNC SOCIALIS1

Ten Cents

Voice of Am

erica's Future

Vol. 3, N

o. 7

Ap

ril,

NYC Rally Vows Weekly Picketing;

May 17 Nationw

ide Protest UrgedN

EW Y

OR

K, M

arch 12—A

mass rally of student picket-1^

ers pledged to continue their weekly picketing of W

oolworth's

and to support a mass dem

onstration in the garment

districton M

ay 17, the sixth anniversary of the Supreme C

ourt's in-tegration

decision.The

rally w

as - called toy

the®7

New

Youth Y

outh Com

mittee for

Integration at

Co

mm

un

ityC

hurch follow

ing a

successfulpicket

line of

300 students (see

pa

ge

4 for a r

ep

or

t on last

week's picket

line and the

back-ground

for the form

ation of this

group). The

group is an ad

hoccom

mittee

representing all

New

York

youth w

ho wish

to oppose

segregation in the S

outh. Partici-

pating in the comm

ittee are rep-

resentatives from

cam

pus organ-

izations and student governm

entsat C

CN

Y, N

YU

, Colum

bia Univer-

sity, H

unter C

ollege, and

Brook-

lyn C

ollege. H

igh school

repre-sentatives

are also urged to par-

ticipate.M

onroe W

asch of

CC

NY

, re-

ported for the C

omm

ittee on the

proposed m

as

s dem

onstration.T

he demonstration

is being calledby

the C

omm

ittee to

Defend

Martin

Luther

King,

Jr., and

issupported by A

. Philip R

andolph."W

e can play an

important

rolein organizing and m

obilizing sup-port for the M

ay 17 rally," Wasch

stated. "In

addition, the

Youth

Com

mittee

will

continue the

picketing of W

oolworth's."

Wasch

stated that

"The N

ew

York

Youth

Com

mittee

for In-

tegration w

ill attempt

to become

the important

youth organization

for civil rights

in New

York."

PICK

ET

S TO

R

ET

UR

NFred

Mazelis,

also of

CC

NY

,announced

the C

omm

ittee's de-

cision to picket W

oolworth's

thenext w

eek from

11 a.an. to 5 p.m.

This

announcement

was

greetedby

tumultous

applause. M

azelisalso

called for

support to

them

ass rally in the garment

centerM

ay 17 and

urged that the New

York C

omm

ittee attem

pt to work

with

similar

comm

ittees th

athave

sprung up

around the

na-tion to organize nationw

ide dem-

onstrations on M

ay 17 at

Wool-

worth stores."O

ur action

at W

oolworth's

cannot stop

here," Mazelis said.

"We m

ust work tow

ard simultan-

eous picket

lines at

Woolw

orthstores throughout the country onM

ay 17.

We

should contact

allother groups in

the m

any cities

and cam

puses w

here action

hastaken

place in

support of

thesit-in m

ovement."

Alan E

ssner of Hunter C

ollege,chaired

the m

eeting. H

e urged

TH

E

PH

ILA

DE

LP

HIA

ST

OR

Y:

Pickets Empty W

oolworth

by Arlene B

ernsteinPH

ILA

DE

LPH

IA —

Support of

protest picket

lines in

front of

Woolw

orth stores here seems to be

increasing geometrically. T

he firstdem

onstration, called by the Phil-

adelphia Youth C

omm

ittee Against

Segregation in sym

pathy with

theS

outhern sit-in

campaigns,

was

held Saturday, February

20. Over

85 college and high school studentsparticipated in the dem

onstration.T

he follow

ing w

eek, the

Youth

Com

mittee

expanded its

picketsto

two W

oolworth

stores in

thearea.

The

week

after that,

thecom

mittee

announced its

inten-tions

of picketing

four of

thechain's stores.

All of the dem

onstrations calledby

the Y

outh C

omm

ittee have

been successful in involving large

numbers of young people, both N

e-gro and w

hite. The stores picketed

are alm

ost im

mediately

emptied

of customers, w

ho refuse to crossthe student picket line.

Students m

arched in the dem

on

strations for

four to

five hours

carrying signs

explaining their

sympathy for the Southern

sit-insand-urging passers-by

not to pa-tronize W

oolworth stores. T

wo of

the picket captains w

ere arrested

| Saturday, March 5, because of the

militancy of the

picketers. When

the A

merican

Civil L

iberties U

n-ion

intervened, how

ever, the po-

lice were forced to release

them.

A large rally w

as called by theY

ou

th C

omm

ittee, T

hursday,M

jtrch 3, to form

ulate plans and

organization of support for forth-com

ing dem

onstrations. G

eorgeR

ainney, managing

editor of

thePhiladelphia

Tribune,

an

d

the

Rev.

Leon Sullivan

of the

Zion

Baptist

Church,

addressed the

rally and said they hoped to jointhe p-icketers the follow

ing Satur-

day. This is but one indication of

the large am

ount of support the

Youth

Com

mittee

has been

re-(C

ontinued on

Page 2)

all interested youth from schools

and organizations

to leave

theirnam

es and addresses

for joining •

the com

mittee.

BR

OA

D

SUPPO

RT

The C

omm

ittee, since its origin,has

concentrated its

attack on

Woolw

orth stores. Further, it has

attempted

to m

obilize m

assivesupport

among

students for

thisaction.

The result

has been the

largest student

demonstrations

held any

place in

the N

ortllaround

this issue. T

he Com

mit-

Pass 'em

By

The follow

ing national chain

stores refuse to

serve N

egroessitting-in

at their lunch coun-ters in the South.

Because

ofthe discrim

inatory practices of

these stores,

many

Southernstudents

have faced

violenceand jail sentences.B

OY

CO

TT

T

HE

SE ST

OR

ES!

W. T

. Grant C

o.H

. L. G

reen Co.

Kresge C

o.K

ress Co.

Liggett D

rug Co.

Walgreen D

rug Co.

F. W. W

oolworth C

o.

tee itself

is organized on

an all

inclusive basis

representing all

young people

in N

ew Y

ork C

ityw

ho are

opposed to

segregation.Such

organizations as

the N

a-tional

Students

Association

anijthe new

Martin L

uther King,

Jr.group

have supported

and co-

operated w

ith the com

mittee

butthe C

omm

ittee has rem

ained in-

dependent and

broader th

anthese form

ations.A

t its

most

recent picket line

the C

omm

ittee issued

leafletsurging passers-by not to patron-ize

Woolw

orth stores

until they

integrate in the South. The B

OY

-C

OT

T W

OO

LW

OR

TH

'S idea has

been supported

by m

any other

groups and

individuals including

Jackie R

obinson, A

dam

Clayton

Powell,

the N

AA

CP,

CO

RE

, andm

any student groups and unions.Indicative

of the spirit of

therally

was

the w

ay it ended.

As

the speeches

came

to a

closesom

eone suggested:

"Let's

goback

to W

oolworth's

and picket

for another

hour until

closing-tim

e." A cheer w

ent up and eventhough

the audience

had been

picketing since noon they rushedout

and w

alked across

town

toresum

e their vigil. T

heir feelings*w

ere expressed -toy

Fred

Mazelis,

who

when

motivating

the six.

hour picket

line scheduled

forthe

following

Saturday,

said:"The

longer the better. That! w

ayw

e wear out the cops!"

fage 2

YO

UN

G S

OC

IALIS

TA

pril, I960

Yo

uth

Sp

eak

s

AV

ID R

EA

DE

RD

ear E

ditors:I have been an avid reader arid

supporter of yours. I was present

at your

speeches at

the B

ronxH

igh School of Science

last year.

I am

presently at S

yracuse Uni-

versity. I

rniss reading

yourY

OU

NG

; S

OC

IAL

IST

—therefore

you w

ill find

SI enclosed

for a

ye'ar's subscription.H.M.

Syracuse,

N. Y

.

CO

PS B

EA

T

ST

UD

EN

TS

IN JA

PA

ND

ear Editor:

As a participant in the tw

o mass

anti-war

demonstrations in T

okyoon N

ov. 27 and Dec. 10, I learned

first hand

how

the supposedly

"impartial"

police react

to m

ili-tan

t student

actions.

Yom

iuri, one of the three

big-gest new

spapers in Jap

an, rep

ort-

ed that in the N

ov. 27 demonstra-

tions at th

e Diet, five dem

onstra-to

rs and

seven policem

en w

ereseriously

injured, and

a further

200 demonstrators

and 207 police-

men received

lesser injuries. It is

true

that

this demonstration

was

the m

ost remarkable event in the

history of Jap

an, but

I doubt if

there w

as anything that could be

called "violence."

If there

was,

it w

as not on the side of demon-

strators, but the policem

en.

The

same

can be

said of

theJan

uary

16 Z

engakuren dem

on-stratio

n at Haneda airport to ob-

struct the departure of P

rime M

in-ister K

ishi and other delegates for

Washington,

to sign

the U

.S.-Jap

an military

treaty.A

t six p.m. Jan

15, the Z

enga-kuren

succeeded in

smuggling

about 500 students

into the

air-port

lobby. The M

etropolitan Po-

lice Board rushed

about 2,000 po-licem

en to the airport

to preparefor

an., emergency

and to

blocktw

o gates leading to

the airport.

At

eleven p.m. about 200 addi-

tional students broke a police lineand

joined the first group in

thelobby.

Students

occupied all

thechairs

and sofas

in the

lobby,chanting

laborer's songs

and lis-

tening to a series of pep-talks giv-en by their leaders.

-Meanw

hile, the

police decided

to oust the students from the lobby

and announced

that students

should leave the

lobby or be ar-

rested.Ignoring

'this request,

studentsquickly

constructed barricades

with chairs and tables at the four

entrances to the dining room. T

hen2,000

policemen

surrounded the

building and about half

of them,

armed w

ith sticks, charged againstthe

barricades. T

he policem

enquickly pulled dow

n the barricadesand storm

ed into the dining room.

One by one, students w

ere kick-ed,

beaten, and dragged

out. Co-

eds w

ere not

excepted. P

lain-clothes policem

en examined every

student at the exit and 78 Zenga-

kuren leaders

and activists

were

arrested.A

fter the

clash w

as over,

theM

etropolitan Police

Board

an-nounced

that

10 policemen

hadbeen injured, and the Z

engakurenreported

that

about 200-300

stu-dents had

been h

urt. O

n F

eb. 655

Zengakuren

leaders w

ere re-

leased from

police

custody and

on the sam

e day 21 other Z

enga-kuren

leaders were indicted.

Zengakuren

plans next

to or-

ganize mass dem

onstrations to de-

mand the abrogation

of the newly

signed security

treaty w

ith the

U.S. w

hich is expected to be rati-fied

by the D

iet in A

pril. Zenga-

kuren announced it would organ-

ize a boycott of examinations

andw

ould ask

students to

forego

spring vacations in order

to par-

ticipate in

the coordinated

dem-

onstrations,K

ei N

akadaT

okyo, Japan

BA

DL

Y N

EE

DE

DD

ear Editor:

I receive from

month

to month

your splendid publication YO

UN

GSO

CIA

LIST

. I

like it

extremely

well

and am

m

ost happy

to seeit com

e out at a time like the pres-

ent w

hen it

is so

badly needed.T

here is alm

ost no socialist w

orkbeing

done am

ong young people

by any

group but

your ow

n andall the

more precious then is the

YO

UN

G

SOC

IAL

IST.

Thank

you for

the tim

es you

have m

entioned us

in the

past.W

ith w

arm

regards from

all

ofour staff to all of yours.

Eugene F

eldman,

Editor, S

outhern N

ewsletter

WIL

L

SOC

IAL

ISM W

OR

K?

Dear E

ditor:I am

a senior at Malverne H

ighSchool on L

ong Island. For some

time, a large segm

ent of m

y out-

side reading has

been devoted tothe

study of socialism

. I sincere-ly believe th

at this is the only sys-tem

under

which

a true

democ-

racy can

successfully operate^.

Will

it ever

become

a reality?

I don't know, although I certainly

hope it w

ill. All I

actually know

is that I am

going to do everythingin m

y power to bring it into be-

ing. Jean Paul S

artre said, "There

is no reality except

through

ac-tion." T

his is true. I will not live

so long that I can afford to w

orkslow

ly—I M

UST

w

ork sw

iftly.It is a sad

fact that in

our so-ciety

"might

makes

right." Y

ourpaper

seems

to be

gainingstrength. W

hen I was at N

ewport,

YS

w

as there.

When

I w

as in

Washington S

quare, YS

was there.

When

I saw P

ete Seeger, Y

S w

asthere.

I congratulate

you all on

the fine

job that

you are doing.

With each new

brick you acquire,the

foundation becom

es stronger,

and som

e day

the tall

tower of

socialism

will be erected.

Kevin

Krow

n,M

alverne, N

.Y.

PLA

N A

RE

A-W

IDE C

RO

UP

:

300 Boston

Students P

icket 10 Storesby P

eteB

OST

ON

—O

ver 300 students

Saturday

March

12, from

10 a.m.

dent dem

onstration this

area has

The

bulk of the students

came

0

tfrom B

randeis U

niversity, H

ar-vard U

niversity, MIT

, and Boston

University.

In addition,

therew

ere students

from

North

East-

ern U

niversity, T

ufts C

ollege,S

imm

ons C

ollege and

a num

berof high schools.

STO

RE

S E

MP

TIE

DT

o supplem

ent the

impact

ofthe

picketing, w

hich em

ptiedm

ost of the

stores and drew

loudcom

plaints from

the

managers,

75,000 leaflets urging a (boycott ofW

oohvorth's w

er

e distributed.

[Several labor

unions, including'

the IU

E

and the

ILG

WU

, con-

tributed funds

to pay

for the

leaflets. T

housands of

signaturesare toeing collected on 'petitions atthe

various cam

puses and

post-

cards are ibeing distributed to toe

sent.to

protest segregation in the

South.A

number of the students w

erefaipsessed w

ith the response they•got

from

the shoppers.

Severaltim

es w

orkers, m

istaking the

demonstration

for

a str

ike

,stated

: "Don't w

orry, I'll pass *einby,

I'm a

union

man,

too." F

orsom

e of

these students this

was

their

first feel

of the

extent of

trade union solidarity that exists

among A

merican w

orkers.Th-e

movem

ent toegan

in the

Boston

area w

ith a

few

small,

picket lines conducted by

CO

RE

, iIB

randeis students then organized :

ian ad hoc comm

ittee, which p

res-j C

amejo

picketed tw

o Woolw

orth stores on

until 5 p.m

., in the

biggest stu-

seen in

a long

time.

ently has

some

90 m

embers,

togive support to

these dem

onstra-tions.

Seventy-five

Brandeis

stu-dents

picketed on

their ow

n on

Feb. 27.

One

hundred and

fifty M

ITstudents

re

sp

on

de

d to

anannouncem

ent o

f a

me

etin

gon

the subject.

Some

of them

were

Southerners

and a

discus-sion

-broke out—

unprecedentedin

recent apathetic

MIT

history.

Fifty

students joined

an ad

hoc com

mittee,

including som

eS

outhern w

hite students,

who

support integration.

Meanw

hile, aH

arvard com

mittee,

with

50-6J)m

embers,

known

as "T

he E

mer-

gency C

omm

ittee on Public In

te-gration,"

was

formed.

Close

to50 students joined a sim

ilar com

-m

ittee at Boston U

niversity. These

later formations w

ere not

set upunder the aegis of 'C

OR

E, and rep-

resent a far

broader representa-tion

of students

than

could toeorganized

under strictly

pacifist

leadership.O

RG

AN

IZIN

G

CIT

Y-W

IDE

On

Friday

night, M

arch 4, a

imass

meeting

attended toy

150students from

the whole area w

asheld to plan the next day's picketline.

Presently

the organization

of the

area-wide

activity is

stillin

a form

ative stage.

It is

ex-pected th

at the next developm

entw

ill toe the form

ation of

a city-

wide coordinating

comm

ittee rep-

resenting all the youth

forces in

the area th

at are fighting segre-gation.

Am

ong future

plans th

at the

Boston

students are

consideringis a m

ass march of students from

all colleges and

high schools

tothe

Boston

Com

mons in solidar-

ity w

ith the

Southern

students'struggle.

. . .

(Continued

from

Page

1)ceiving from

civic and labor lead-ers in the P

hiladelphia area.T

he Y

outh C

omm

ittee A

gainstS

egregation was form

ed to organ-ize

student support

for students

in the South now

protesting lunch-counter

discrimination. T

he com

-m

ittee is

composed

of students

from

the U

niversity of

Pennsyl-

vania, T

emple

University,

Drexel

Institute, Sw

arthmore C

ollege, andA

kiba, L

ansdowne,

Central,

andG

irls high schools.

The

Congress

On

Racial E

quality, organizer

ofm

any of the Southern dem

onstra-tions,

had announced

its support

for the

comm

ittee. C

OR

E,

how-

ever, has threaten

ed to

w

ithdrawits support from

the YC

AS unless

it affiliates

with

them.

Determ

ined in its desire to m

a-terially

hu

rt W

oolworth's,

theY

outh C

omm

ittee has

issued a

boycott pledge

stating

: "W

e, the

undersigned, pledge

to buy no

th-

ing from

any

F.

W.

Woolw

orthstore anyw

here until the nationalm

anagement

of the chain

ordersits local stores everyw

here to serveand seat all custom

ers without re-

gard to race or color."

Young Socialist

Martha

Curti,

Editor

Nora

Roberts, A

ssociate E

ditorS

herry F

iner, Business

Manager

Editorial

Board:

Bert

Deck,

George

Payne,

Tim

W

ohlforth,Shane

Mage, Jam

es Lam

brecht, Martha C

urti, Alien

Taplin,

James

Robertson.

Corresponding

Editors: P

hiladelphia—K

enneth Stephens; D

etroit—

Harriet T

alan; Chicago—

John Worth; M

inneapolis—T

om L

eonard;D

enver—L

eonard Hodgett; L

os Angeles—

Peter A

llan; Berkeley—

JimP

etras; San

Francisco—

Lee

William

s; Seattle—

John Severn;

New

York—

Daniel

Freem

an; Baltim

ore—A

. Robert K

aufman;

Milw

aukee—

Myrtle C

. Kastner;

Boston—

R. Shann;

Maine—

John R. P

aton;

San Diego—

Ken C

arey; Canada—

Cliff C

otton; Britain—

Janet Dow

ns;G

ermany—

Wolfgang K

aiser.SU

BSC

RIPT

ION

PR

ICE

:$1.00 a year, $.50 for

six m

onths. Bundle rates:

$7.00 for

first 100 copies, $5 0.0 for

each ad

ditio

nal 100. T

he Y

OU

NG

SO

CIA

LIST

is published

monthly. P

.O. B

ox 471, Cooper eta., N

.Y. 3, N

.Y. P

hone EN

2-3722. Opinions expressed

in signed articles

do not

necessarily represent the

views

of the

YO

UN

G

SOC

IAL

IST,

which

are expressed in

editorial statements.

Vol. 3, N

o. 7 (28

)A

pril, 1960

Yo

uth

N

otes

STU

DE

NT

S

CE

NE

: T

he students

of W

ingate H

igh School

inN

ew Y

ork got a practical lesson in democracy w

hen a board of edu-cation

official forbade the W

ingate Mixed C

horus from perform

ing"T

he L

onesome

Train."

Earl

Robinson and

Millard L

ampell,

who

wrote the

cantata, invoked the F

ifth A

mendm

ent w

hen questioned

about alleged subversive activities . . . T

he Suprem

e C

ourt refusedto hear the claim

of A

rthur Steier,

a former B

rooklyn College

stu-dent,

dismissed

from

the school

for criticism

of

the adm

inistra-tion .

.. A

coed at the University of C

olorado, Marilyn V

an Derbur,

Miss

Am

erica of

1958, challenged the

statement

of C

U

professorH

oward H

lgman th

at the FB

I should be dissolved.

Arm

ed with books

about the FB

I and some m

aterial offered by her "friend" Rep. B

yronR

ogers (D

O, she launched

her attack , . . E

dward Jahn,

a 16-year-

old senior at Bayside

High School in Q

ueens, has refused to sign aloyalty

oath despite threats he w

ill lose his

diploma

and a

State

Regents

Scholarship.*

* *

ON

TH

E L

EF

T: T

wo Y

S supporters

in Toronto

are planning to

tour universities

at O

ttawa, M

ontreal, and Kingston

to sell socialistliteratu

re . . . Jim

Lam

brecht, now

^on tour

in th

e Mid-W

est for1

the Y

S, has

spoken at the U

niversity of Chicago, R

oosevelt U

niver-sity, and S

hinier College.

There are

eight cities

left on his itin

er-ary

..

. At the U

niversity of W

isconsin a m

ock convention

of So-

cialists is scheduled for March 25, 26, and

27. Jim

L

amtorecht

andM

yra Tanner W

eiss, SW

P vice-presidential candidate, w

ill speak . . .A

new club,

the "Y

oung S

ocialist Alliance," has been

formed

as a

YS

supporter group in Los A

ngeles . . . Dr. A

nnette Rubinstein

spokeunder

the auspices

of the Y

oung S

ocialist C

lub at

the U

niversityof

Denver.

Her topic w

as "The

Beat G

eneration, T

he Angry Y

oungM

en and E

xistentialism." . . . T

he Open D

oor, a mim

eographed dis-

cussion paper,

is being published in New

York toy high

school stu-

dents. F

or further

information

write:

"Open

Door"—

c/o S

teveC

agen, 270 E. 169 S

treet, Bronx

56, New

York . . . Jim

R

obertson,Y

S E

ditorial Board M

ember, has just returned from

an E

ast Coast

tour for the YS

. Some of the places he visited w

ere Trinity C

ollege,B

rown

and

Yale

Universities,

and

Morgan

.State

in B

altimore

. . .W

illiam

F.

Warde,

noted M

arxist lecturer

and scholar,

gave tw

otalks on the w

orks of C. W

right M

ills under the auspices of the N

ewY

ork Y

oung Socialist A

lliance. . . . Several students

at L

os Angeles

City

College

have protested

the refusal

of the

campus

paper to

print an

ad for

a Y

SA

-sponsored m

eeting on

the C

hessman

case.Follow

ing a

distribution of a

leaflet on the

paper's action,

a suc-

cessful m

eeting was held.

*

:;; *

WO

RL

D

YO

UT

H:

In M

ontevideo, U

ruguay, P

resident Eisen-

hower ran into student dem

onstrations that underlined Latin A

meri-

can opposition to United S

tates imperialism

. T

he Com

munist P

artythere

had urged

greeting E

isenhower

in the

"spirit of

Cam

pD

avid." T

he demonstrators w

ere led by Socialist and Trotskyist stu-

dents . . . Eight students at

the U

niversity of

the D

ominican

Re-

public in Ciudad T

rujillo were shot dead w

hile demonstrating against

the recent mass arrests of opponents of G

eneralissimo T

rujillo . . .In N

yasaland, African nationalist youth disobeyed their leaders and

gave B

ritish P

rime

Minister M

acmillan

a hostile

reception. E

lse-w

here, students greeted the P

rime M

inister with the

epithet "Mac

the K

nife."

YOUNG SOCIALIST CLUB LISTW

e prin

t the following

club list as an aid for those in-terested

in organized socialist

activity:

BA

LT

IMO

RE

: S

ocialist S

tudy G

roup, AR

obert Kaufm

an, 2730 R

eistertown R

d.LA

3-3703.

BE

RK

EL

EY

-OA

KL

AN

D: E

. V. D

ebs C

lub,Y

oung S

ocialist A

lliance, P.O

. B

ox265

TH

5-1550,

Berkeley.

BO

STO

N:

Young

Socialist

Alliance,

1318C

omm

onwealth

Ave.,

Apt.

7, B

oston,M

ass.C

HIC

AG

O:

Young

Socialist

Alliance,

Hirsch 438 S

t. Jam

es PI.

DE

NV

ER

: Young Socialist

Club, B

ox 724.D

ET

RO

IT:

Young

Socialist

Com

mittee,

3737 W

oodward.

EA

ST

LA

NSIN

G:

Young

Socialist C

lub,M

ichigan S

tate U

niversity.N

EW

H

AV

EN

: G

eorge O

rwell

Forum

,Y

ale U

niversity.IO

WA

: S

ocialist D

iscussion C

lub, c/o

Ron R

adosh, 325 S. D

ubuque. Iowa C

ity.L

OS

A

NG

EL

ES:

Young

Socialist,

Box

3615, T

erminal

Annex,

L.A

. 54.

MA

DISO

N,

Wis.:

Wisconsin

SocialistC

lub, c/o

Judy B

oxandal, 1024 C

lymer

PI., M

adison.M

ILW

AU

KE

E:

Myrtle

Kastner

2951 N F

rederick A

ve.,Apt.

I.M

ON

TR

EA

L:

McG

ill U

niversity Socialist

Society,

McG

ill S

tudent U

nion, 690

Sherbrooke

St., W

. S

ocial D

emocratic

Club,

Sir

George

William

s C

ollege,1435

Drum

ond.N

EW

Y

OR

K C

ITY

: Y

oung S

ocialist A

l-liance,

45 E. 7 S

t.O

BE

RL

IN,

Ohio:

Oberlin

Socialist

Club,

Obcrlin

College.

PHILA

DELPH

IA:

Young

socialist club,

Phelps,

.216 N.

35 Street

POR

TL

AN

D,

Ore.:

Focus, R

eed .College. ,

SAN

FR

AN

CISC

O:

Young

Socialist

Al-

liance, c

/o M

attingly, 4077-A

18th St.,

San

Francisco.

TW

IN C

ITIE

S: Y

oung Socialist A

lliance,822 9th

Ave. So., M

inneapolis 4, Minn.

FE

8-2158.T

OR

ON

TO

, O

ntario: Y

oung Socialist A

l-liance,

81 'Queen

St.

W.

TR

OY

, Maine: John R

. Paton,

Troy,

Me.,

Young

SocialistY

EL

LO

W

SP

RIN

GS

, O

hio: Socialist

Dis-

Club, cussion

Club,

Antioch

College.

Ap

ril, 1960

YO

UN

G S

OC

IAL

IST

Page 3T

DE

NV

ER

, CO

LO

RA

DO

: D

etermined

pickets march

in front

of W

oolworth's

in dow

ntown

Denver

on P

HIL

AD

EL

PH

IA:

March 5. N

egro trade unionists joined forces with young

people to

make

this dem

onstration possible,

worth store

Febri

—Jack

Arnold

whips signs as students converge on a W

ooJ-.

This w

as the first

Northern student

line'.

BO

UL

DE

R, C

OL

OR

AD

O: U

niversity of Colorado co-eds lead the

way

as students, organized by the

campus N

AA

CP, picket

a Kress

store.N

EW

Y

OR

K:

Spirited

student M

i.mr<ii!tA

jrujui»: it was a com

Few

uary 27 when T

win C

ities Npicketers

ra

ise

signs on

high, supporters turned out to picket W

oolworths in, defiance of the

police.

NO

RT

HE

RN

S

TU

DE

NT

S

AC

T:

Nationwide Pickets, Boycotts Support Southern Sit-ins

by Martha C

urti"So.

These

are the apathetic

students!" rem

arked a CC

NY

_girl,surveying the hundreds of noisy, spirited participants around her in arecent W

oolworth picket line. S

he interrupted her companion's reply—

something to the effect of "R

ight, I've never seen anything as militant

as'this"—w

ith a shout

of "SCA

B!"

directed at

a prospective W

ool-w

orth custom

er.In

addition to

student picket

line

s in

Philadelphia, M

adison,W

is., B

oston, C

olorado, 'S

an

Francisco,

and M

inneapolis (see

stories pp.

2, 4-6)

students all

over th

e N

or

th have

beenexpressing

their support,

in all

sorts of

ways, for

the S

outhernstudents

who

are risking

theirnecks to fight "until they die"—

inthe w

ords of Martin L

uther King,

Jr.—to

bring an

end to

segrega-tion.

PA

RT

IAL

R

ESU

LT

SA

t least

one B

altimore

eatingplace

has agreed

to give

equalservice to N

egroes for a morifch on

a trial basis. O

thers are consider-

ing;1 the matter. T

his crack in the

wall

of segregation cam

e after

acam

paign by a

group of students

at John Hopkins U

niversity.O

n Feb. 23 35 H

opkins studentsincluding five N

egroes sat down in

the'Blue Jay restaurant near the

campus.

(Later that night, band-

leader Duke E

llington was -refused

service there.)

With the

help of

the:i police,

the place

was

closedand the

students forced to leave.

They expressed their intention of

conducting dem

onstrations at

other segregated

eating places

near the campus.

WA

frNE

CO

UN

CIL

FOR

S

IT-IN

SA

t W

ayne S

tate U

niversity in

Detroit, the S

tudent-Faculty C

om-

mittee passe'd

a "resolution urging

Woolw

orth's to

change its

policyregarding segregation.

It also

set

up a

comm

ittee to

collect sig-

natures on

petitions protesting

segregation.T

he C

ouncil took these

actionsin response to a petition

initiatedby five students. O

ne of these stu-dents

was H

arriet T

alan.T

he petition initiators then

is-sued

a leaflet

calling for student

support of an N

AA

CP picket line

called for

Saturday,

March

12.T

he D

ean banned

this leaflet as

it involved

an off

campus

issue.N

on-students th

en' issued

a sim

-ilar

leaflet and

distributed 1,000copies in

front of the U

niversity.A

m

ilitant spirited

picket line

was

held on

Saturday

made

uplargely

of W

ayne students

andhigh

school students

who

havereceived,,the leaflet.

These

forcesplan to call further actions to in-volve

Wayne

students in

thisstruggle

regardless of the

wishes

of the

Dean.

' :SE

AT

TL

E M

OV

ES

On S

aturday, March 5, over 100

university of

Washington

stu-dents

turned out in

answer

to a

call for a demonstration

issued bythe

student governm

ent. T

hesestudents

then m

arched through

the streets—

with

a police

carleading

the w

ay and one

follow-

ing—to

a nearby

Kress

store.T

hey then

return

ed'to

the U

ni-•versity

for a

meeting.

The

stu-

dent governm

ent vice .president

fold the students to turn in their

signs and com

e hom

e. T

he stu-

dents refused

stating, "W

e w

ant

to go downtow

n and picket

Kress

and W

oolworth's."

Close to 40 students then w

alk-ed five m

iles to the center of town

to hold a picket line. T

hey were

joined by

passersby and

by ten

more

students w

ho drove dow

n.T

hey picketed

for about

two

hours and received excellent presscoverage.

Plans

are now

afoot

to form

an ad

hoc comm

ittee toorganize

future picketing

in the

Seattle

area.O

BE

RL

INIA

NS

BO

W O

UT

A

delegation of Oberlin C

ollegestudents,

backed by the

Student

Council

and the

campus

NA

AC

Pchapter,

visited city

officials in

Cleveland to ask their

permission

to hold a "non-violent" parade inP

ublic Square Sat.

March 5. T

heyalso

sought support

from

collegestudents in the C

leveland area.C

leveland's C

hief of P

olice de-nied the students' request, saying,"W

e feel it is unfair for others tocom

e into

Cleveland

and incite

people into Irouble." Oberlin stu-

dent Charles R

. Law

rence said, "Ifthe police disapprove, naturally w

ew

ill not do anything that conflictsw

ith the local regulations."It

is hoped

that O

berlin stu-

dents will not continue to let the

police prevent them from

making

any m

eaningful protest

againstsegregation in the

South. If

thestudents indicate that they intendto

demonstrate,

that it

is their

right as

Am

erican citizens,

andthat

no one

can prevent

themfrom

doing

it, the

police w

illquickly back dow

n. (See report onM

inneapolis, page 5, for

such an

incident.)C

HIC

AG

O S

TU

DE

NT

SS

o far, Chicago has seen a series

of sm

all isolated picket lines

and

demonstrations

which

have not

gotten effective publicity and havedispersed

the initial m

ilitancy ofthe

students. O

n Feb.

29 CO

RE

conducted its third picketing of a,

Woolw

orth store;

among

the 15

picketers w

ere several

UC

stu-

dents. O

n M

arch 5, U

C

studentsparticipated

in three small picket

lines.O

ne hundred

Chicago

studentsm

arched in

front of W

oolworth's

Monday, F

eb. 29. This protest w

asorganized

by the cam

pus chapter

of N

ational S

tudent A

ssociation(N

BA

) in response to a call from

NSA

's New

York office

the previ-ous night

for a "nation-w

ide dayof dem

onstrations."

Very few

of the 500 N

SA m

em-

ber schools

responded to

thishastily issued call; so N

SA sched-

uled a

second "nation-w

ide pro-

test" for Sat. M

arch 5. A

ccording;to the C

hicago Maroon, N

SA

"spe-cifically

asked th

at dem

onstra-tions

not be

held in

front of

Woolw

orth stores."

(See N

YC

story p.

4). C

onsequently, the

Chicago

NS

A called

for a

dem-

onstration in front of C

ity Hall.

As

a m

ove to weld

these scat-

tered protests

into one

effectiveinstrum

ent, an "ad hoc intercolle-giate com

mittee" has been form

ed,representing student organizationsfrom

R

oosevelt U. and

Shimer

asw

ell as UC

. M

any students hope

that

UC

Student

Council

as the

broadest organ of student opinion,w

ill take on the task of organizingthe

demonstrations.

AN

D

EL

SEW

HE

RE

On M

arch 12, P

rinceton students

picketed a

Woolw

orth store.

Six

foot tall students from

the S

outh,

I attending Princeton, broke through

1 the line" and

entered the store,

toem

erge a few m

inutes later carry-ing

lollypops. They

also snatchedposters

from

the hands

of the

picketers and ripped them

up . . .S

mith

College

girls picketed

aW

oolworth

store in

Northh am

p-ton

. . . Eight

Yale students,

in-cluding

two

Negroes,

picketed a

Woolw

orth store

Feb.

19. C

opstried to break up the

picket line,

but the students

appealed to the

Mayor, w

ho let them continue . . .

The

United

Student

Governm

entat

Harpur

College

in E

ndicott,N

ew Y

ork, has given W

oolworth's

two

weeks

to end

their discrim

-.inatory

policy or

give good

rea-sons w

hy they should not be pick-| etcd. Just

in case, they are p

lan-

ning a picket line for that tim

e.O

ver 350 signatures have

beengathered at

Los A

ngeles City C

ol- ,lege

urging the

student govern-m

ent to organize picketing in the

area. D

ue to the reactionary reg-i ulations on this cam

pus the peti- ;

tioiiiiig had

to be

done on

the"street' off-cam

pus .

. .

Several*students

and white

workers jo

in-

ed the picketing being conducted

by the

Crusaders' C

ivic and

So-'"

cial League, a N

egro organization,in

: M

ilwaukee. .

. .

The student

government

at T

rinity C

ollege'has

come

out in

support of

theS

outhern students'

struggle'." Itfhas

so far,

however,

refused "toorganize

picketing. Som

e stu

- "dents,

including Y

S supporters,

are urging

the form

ation of

anad

hoc. comm

ittee to

carry out

picketing- in

Hartford.

..

. A

tR

utgers, over

250 students dem

-onstrated

March

1 against segre-gated

lunch counters

in the

I South.

Page

YO

UN

G

SO

CIA

LIST

Ap

ril, 1960

NYC StudentsPicket Chain;

Join Lineby N

ora Roberts

NE

W Y

OR

K—

P. W

. W

oolworth

stores here have been plagued byhundreds

of college

and high

school students demanding service

to N

egroes H

t S

outhern lunch-

counters. T

he first

of a

series ofpicket lines in front of one of

thecity's largest W

oolworth store, w

asorganized

by C

ity C

ollege's Stu-

dent Council, S

aturday, March 5.

Over

400 young people,

mostly

students, participated

in the

de-m

onstration. The picket line start-

ed a half hour

before the sched-

uled tim

e w

ith 50 dem

onstrators.A

t th

at tim

e police

told the

or-ganizers th

at if ten more students

came, they w

ould have to stop theline. W

ithin an hour the line hadincreased five tim

es over and the

cops gave up the threat.

Potential

shoppers coining

to-w

ard the store were first confront-

ed with m

ultitudes of young peo-ple

bearing signs

declaring "Jim

Crow

Must

Go," "T

hey M

ust B

eServed

Who

Now

Stand

And

Wait," and "B

oycott This Store—

Let's Integrate." T

he air was filled

with

picketers' chants

of "D

on'tB

uy Jim

Crow

" and "1-2-3-4—

Don't G

o Into Woolw

orth's Store;5-6*7-8 —

Southern W

oolworth's

Segregates." Custom

ers going intothe

store were follow

ed by boos,hisses, and cries of "Scab!" "T

heregoes another dim

e for Jim C

row,"

and "You and the K

u Klux K

lan."A

t 1:15, the demonstrators

were

organized to

march

down

Fifth

Avenue

to W

ashington Square

Park to participate

in a National

Student

Association

rally. T

heyw

ere met by about a dozen people,

organized independently

by NSA

from throughout

the m

etropolitanarea.

In addition

to the

NS

Aspeakers

who

tried to

underplaythe

importance

of such

demon-

strations as the day's

picket, the

chairman

of C

CN

Y's C

ivil Liber-

ties C

omittee,

Bert

Weinstein

spoke. Weinstein stated, "W

e de-m

and equal facilities fo

r all ...

and the

right to use these facili-

ties together."

He

called for

an-other picket line at the sam

e placethe

following

week

"double the

number

of people."SE

CO

ND

PIC

KE

T L

INE

Not

to be daunted

by the cold

weather

or N

SA's

cold speeches,

most of the young people organiz-

ed imm

ediately to picket a nearby

Woolw

orth store. A few

hours lat-

er, the 100 rem

aining dem

onstra-tors

returned to

the 34th

Street

Woolw

orth's, the scene of the firstpicketing. T

he cops, who had been

following

the students

all around

.

—Jack

Arnold

NE

W Y

OR

K S

TU

DE

NT

S RA

LL

Y: H

undreds of New

York C

ity students hold signs as N

SA spokesm

an orates. The W

ashington Square Rally

on March 5 broke up shortly thereafter as students w

ished to picket instead of listening to dull talks. (See stories on this page and page 1).

the city, w

ere docile by this time

and didn't

make

much

effort to

restrain the protest.

The

original im

petus for

theN

ew

York

demonstrations

came

from F

red Mazelis, a C

CN

Y soph-

omore,

mem

ber of

the cam

pusE

ugene V

. Debs

club, and w

riterfo

r th

e Y

OU

NG

SO

CIA

LIST

.M

azelis brought a petition

signedby som

e 20 student leaders before

the S

tudent C

ouncil urging

stu-dent governm

ent to take action insupport

of the

Southern

sit-inm

ovement. T

he petition w

as rati-fied toy the

council and

the S

GC

ivil L

iberties C

omm

ittee h

as

given the go-ahead

to organize apicket line.

BR

OA

D SU

PP

OR

TP

lans for

the dem

onstrationspread

quickly throughout

cam-

pus, w

ith the

full support

andw

ide publicity given by one of the

student new

spapers, Observation

Post. E

ven the staid engineers of

the Technology Intersociety-Inter-

fraternity C

ouncil calculated Jim

Crow

must be fought and gave full

suport the

Student C

ouncil's ac-

tion. P

resident of

the C

ollege,B

uell Gallagher, a m

ember of the

national board

of the

NA

AC

P,w

ho had just

finished criticizingthe

student body

for having

an"indifferent

attitude" tow

ard ra-

cial integration,

refused to

com-

ment

on this

not "indifferent"

action.

Mazelis

and the

Civil

Liberties

Com

mittee contacted student lead-

ers from

the

other m

ajor cam

-puses

and distributed

leaflets to

high schools. They received prom

-ises of full support from

most

ma-

jor colleges and

universities. A

nad hoc com

mittee w

as established

with

representatives of

the vari-

ous schools

to organize

the de-

monstration.

NSA

appeared

quite suddenly

on the

scene w

ith an

announce-m

ent in the

New

York P

ost that

the picket ilne and rally were be-

ing organized

by the association.

Representatives of the student

as-sociation

came

to the

New

York

picket line armed

with buttons of

"Sit-in—

Don't

Give In"

and m

il-itant

talk, but urged that the de-

monstration

end as soon

as pos-

sible so th

at the

picketers could

join the

"huge" rally

they had

scheduled. Instead of quieting thespirits of the

young people, how-

ever, N

SA

m

erely provoked

theanger

of th

e. students,

who

aresincerely interested

in putting an

end to

segregation and

are not

afraid to

take action to

do so.

In line

with

the spirit of

thefirst

demonstration,

an ad

hoccom

mittee has been established

tocontinue

the actions

of students

in the

North

supporting their

Southern counterparts in putting

an end to Jim C

row.

Picketers in the N

orth who have

seen the half-empty stores result-

ing from

their

action and

heardw

ords of

encouragement

from

shoppers who passed by the stores,

have no reason to believe their de-m

onstrations are

futile. T

he m

il-itan

t spirit of the N

ew Y

ork stu-

dents w

ill spread

throughout the

city and we can look forw

ard to allthe

major

chain stores

in the

metropolitan

area facing

a bar-

rage of angry youth until they areforced

to give in to

sit-ins.

Student, W

orker PicketsSpread Through Colo. Cities

by Mary Jane H

odgett

DE

NV

ER

—the

first civil

rightspicketing

to take

place here

inm

any years

occurred S

aturday,M

arch 5. More th

an 25 Negro and

white

pickets ringed

Woolw

orthand K

ress variety stores in protestof

the national

chains' segrega-

tionist policy of

denying Negroes

service at their lunch counters in

the South. At the sam

e time, m

oreth

an 40 students

from

the U

ni-versity

of C

olorado in

Boulder

staged a sim

ilar demonstration

intheir

city.A

Negro m

ember of

the United

Packinghouse

Union,

participat-ing in D

enver picketing, remark-

ed, "W

e will

continue to picket

so long as they profit from

theirruthless dual policy tow

ard North-

ern and Southern custom

ers."

YS C

orresponding Editor, N

or-m

an H

odgett, an

active partici-

pant in

the dem

onstration, re-

ported th

at "the

public reaction

has been terrific. Scores of down-

town shoppers have com

plimented

us and given us

encouragement."

Denver participants

included highschool

and college

youth, trade

union militants, and housew

ives.

A 54-year-old N

egro wom

an who

was

in poor

health picketed

for jfive hours in the cold w

eather andrefused

to take a coffee

break. "Iw

ant to fight for Negro youth so

they can live

a happier life

than

mine," she said.

CU

H

AS

2 LIN

ES

The

two U

niversity of Colorado

picket lines, Monday, Feb. 29, and

Saturday, M

arch 5, were the

stu-dents' interpretation of a N

ationalS

tudent A

ssociation call

for its

mem

ber schools to protest the re-

cent arrests of Southern

students.D

ean of S

tudents at

the Univer-

sity of Colorado expressed his

ap-proval

of the students'

action. "I

feel th

at dem

onstrations of

this

kind can

accomplish som

e good,"he said. "I

arn pleased to see thestudents

aware

of such

things."T

he picket line has the support ofthe cam

pus NA

AC

P as well as va-

rious political groups at

the col-

lege.

Successive protest

demonstra-

tions are being planned simultan-

eously in

Boulder,

Denver, C

olo-rado S

prings, and Pueblo. A

lthoughthe

reactions of

individual store

managers has, in m

any cases beenfriendly, the purpose of these

de-m

onstrations still rem

ains to cutthe

chain stores' business suffici-

ently to

force them

to

order the

Southern lunch counters to

serveall custom

ers seated.

LIK

E T

HIS

ISS

UE

?G

et some extras to give to your

friends.

Special bundle

rate* for

thisissue only:

20 copies—SI.O

O100

copies—S3.00

*5c per

copy for

all orders

over 20.

GO

VE

RN

OR

, MA

YO

R O

FFER

SU

PP

OR

T:

Wisconsin Students Picket W

ool worths, H

old Mass R

ally,

by F

ranklynn Peterson

MA

DISO

N. W

is.—"W

e are pick-eting' th

is store because S

outhernbranches of the F. W

. Woolw

orthC

o, pursue a policy of racial seg-

regation at their lunch

counters."'fW

e w

alk in

sympathy

with

Southern

protesters against

thispolicy

who

have w

aited in

tencent store lunch counters

through-out

the S

outh, asking only equal

service. At the

present the policy

in , S

outhern branches

of this

chain store

refuses to

allow N

e-groes to sit w

hile eating. Such

apolicy

is offensive to the dignity

of the Negro people and all A

mer-

icans."In those w

ords, in a leaflet dis-tributed

to passersby, a group of

students at the University of W

is-consin

and a

local high

school

expressed their

support for

theS

outhern students,

both N

egroand

white,

now

participating in

the sit-in demonstrations th

at aresw

eeping the South.

The idea for

the picketing came from

the W

is-consin

Socialist C

lub, a

studentgroup, but

an ad

hoc com

mittee

consisting of

socialist cluto

mem

-bers and other

interested persons

in the

University

and M

adisoncom

munity

organized the activity.T

he Wisconsin

Socialist C

lub, theS

tudent Peace

Center,

and the

campus

chapter of

the N

AA

CP

gave unoffiical

approval of

theevent

and encouraged

mem

bersto

participate.P

ICK

ET

S FAC

E

CA

PITO

LP

icketers form

ed on

the U

ni-versity

campus

at 10:30 a.m

. andm

arched dow

n a

main

street of

Madison

to the

Woolw

orth store

directly across

from

the W

iscon-sin

state capitol ^building.

The

picket line

continued to

5 p.m

.T

he size of the

line ranged from

20 to

50 at any

one tim

e, w

ithabout 200 people in all taking p

art.

Saul L

andou, one of the

parti-

cipants, said,

"The

Woolw

orthstore m

anager was noticeably

up-set,

saying he

"could not

under-stand

why you are

picketing us.W

e never

have none

of th

at up

here." I

explained th

at w

e were

picketing so th

at he w

ould write

a strong letter to his national of-fice asking them

to end such poli-

cies in

the S

outhern stores.

He

still did

not understand.

"All

Iknow

is th

at you're

discriminat-

ing against

us."R

eactions from

spectators

were

generally friendly

or tolerant.

Many

passers-by joined

the line

for a

few m

inutes as

they w

entabout their S

aturday shopping.

A dem

onstration was organized

by the

same

ad-hoc group

forT

hursday, March 3. T

he meeting

was given the approval of Student

Senate and w

as attended

by 500persons. T

hey brought signs suchas,

"Jim

Crow

A

nd A

cademic

Freedom

Cannot

Coexist,"

"Pro-test

Unjust

Jailing Of

Tennessee

Students," "E

quality is

Indivisi-ble,"

"Jim C

row M

ust Go."

About a dozen speakers address-

ed the gathering:

two professors,

five m

inisters, a city councilman,

the G

overnor's public

relationsadvisor, several students

and tw

oM

adison citizens.

Telegram

s were

read supporting

the m

ovement

from

Madison C

ity's Mayor, G

ov-ernor N

elson, the Governor's C

om-

missioner

on H

uman

Rights,

U.

of W.'s D

ean of Students, and

theP

resident of

the U

niversity. T

enprofessors

had prepared

written

statements

for the cam

pus news-

paper com

mending

the dem

on-stration.

The

crowd

contributed $125 tobring

one or

two

Southern

stu-dents to address the cam

pus. Prep-

arations w

ere m

ade to

form

acom

mittee tj»

build a scholarship

fund to

pay the

expenses of ex-

pelled S

outhern students

to at-

tend the

University of W

isconsinin

the event

they are

not read-

mitted

to their

own

institutions.T

he Dean of S

tudents has placed9 full tuition and

9 dormitory fee

scholarships at the disposal of thecom

mittee.

/•1

April, 1

96

0Y

OU

NG

SO

CIA

LIST

Page 5

YO

UN

G N

EG

RO

ES

ON

TH

E M

AR

CH

:

Will Love W

in the Struggle for E

quality?C

jl C_^

'

JL

.

•/

by Tim

Woh

lforthA

n incredible farce is presently being enacted in C

on-gress. S

outhern windbags are talking on and on in platitudes.

Northern "liberals"

are comfortably

tucked into their bedsth

at have been set up in their roomy Senate O

ffices. No one

listens to the Southerners—not even the S

outherners them-

selves. The N

ortherners occasionally stir from

their slumber

to dash in to the Senate C

hamber in answ

er to a quorumco

unt.

*If

it w

eren't for

the bizarre

h

as occurred in the N

egro move-

character o

f it no

on

e would b

e m

en

t ™

th

e

So

utn-

If

one

lo

ok^

following

the filibustering

at all. o

ver

the

majo

r cam

paigns o

f

this w

ere the

case m

ost people I

would have long ago given up the j

struggle. Rather th

an waste

time

musing over the

paralysis of

thehighest body of the

most

power-

ful country

in the

world,

thou-sands of young people N

orth and

South

are busy heroically

deter-m

inedly changing

the course of

history them

selves through

theirow

n actions.

This

is the

realm

eaning of

the lunch

counterdem

onstrations in the (South

andthe

growing support

for them in

the North.

Th

e lu

nch

cou

nter

dem

onstra-

tions w

ere not

organized

and

ledby any organ

ization. T

hey spran

gu

p

spon

taneou

sly, creatin

g th

eirow

n lead

ership

as they grew

. (See

article on

page

one b

y Jack

A

r-nold.)

Various organ

izations cam

ealon

g later to help

the m

ovemen

th

ere or

to con

tain

and

h

old it

back th

ere. Th

e first organization

to take u

p th

e cause of th

e Sou

th-

ern N

egro stud

ents w

as the p

aci-fist

Congress

of R

acial E

quality.C

OR

E,

however,

reached on

ly a

small

number

of th

e d

emon

sra-tors an

d th

en on

ly after they h

adb

egun

dem

onstratin

g.

find a single one that w

as led bythe N

AA

CP outside of the legal as-

pects of

the school

integrationstruggle.

The

Montgom

ery B

usB

oycott m

ovement w

as organizedindependently of the N

AA

CP. T

heT

allahassee movem

ent was organ-

ized independently of the N

AA

CP.

The Prayer Pilgrim

age was organ-

ized independently.

The

Youth

March for Integrated

Schools was

organized independently. The K

issC

ase C

ampaign w

as suported bythe N

AA

CP only after others had

initiated it. A

nd finally the greatsit-in

campaign

of N

egro stu-

dents today

has been

organizedspontaneously.

Th

e N

egro people have learn

edth

at the N

AA

CP

is a very con

ser-vative organ

ization. It h

as its rootsin

th

e "

talented

ten

th"

rath

erth

an in

the N

egro masses. Its o

ri-

entation

is along th

e lines of

le-gal action

and

legislative lobb

ying

rather th

an m

ass struggle. U

nd

er-stan

din

g th

is, th

e N

egro people

have com

e up

with

a simple solu

-tion

—th

ey act

ind

epen

den

tly of

the

NA

AC

P

and

th

en

ask

the

NA

AC

P

to support

their

actionan

d

give th

em

legal a

id. Should

the

NA

AC

P

not

sup

port

them

it

Much

more

significant is

the w

ould quickly lose

what

hold it

NA

AC

P. This organization is

theonly authoritative

organization of ity.

the N

egro comm

unity. The

vastm

ajority of the N

egro people lookto it in a w

ay similar to the w

ayw

orkers look to the official

labor

still h

as on

th

e N

egro com

mu

n-

The

failure of

the N

AA

CP

to

has left a real vacuum, w

hich them

ovement. B

ut of extreme im

por-tance is the fact that these dem

-onstrations

were

not organized

and led

by the

NA

AC

P. R

atherthe students

themselves organized

the dem

onstrations and

then re-^

quested the support of the NA

AC

P.R

OL

E

OF

N

AA

CP

In this simple fact one can find

the essence

of the

change that

pacifists have

attempted

to fill.

They have latched on to the de-

fensive form

ulas which

the N

e-groes in the South have quite cor-rectly

utilized and

attempted

toturn them

into a doctrine of non-violence. T

he Negroes in the South

have found

that

non-violentm

ethods such as boycotts, sit-ins,

etc., are effective as they give no

ots to explain away their ow

n useof

violence. But

the N

egroes arenot

pacifists.A ST

RA

NG

E LO

VE

In reality the

pacifists are in-terested

in something

quite apart

from

the N

egro struggle.

They

have a creed of non-violence andof

love—a

love which

is applied

in such

a way as to

destroy the

meaning of the term

. They preach

that the Negroes should love those

who oppress

them—

the cops who

beat them, the capitalists w

ho run

their way to credit to pacifists the

leadership of the struggle. As long

as there has to be a struggle, theyfeel,

it m

ight as

well

be put

insafe

hands.A

UN

ITE

D ST

RU

GG

LE

Socialists on the other hand donot dem

and that the integration

struggle be carried out under theirow

n banner. We urge rather

thelargest

mobilization of

pro-inte-gration

forces—pacifist

and non-

pacifist, liberal,

conservative andradical,

religious and

non-relig-

The Facts O

n Southern School D

esegregationN

early six

years ha.ve passed

since the

Supreme

Court

made

its sch

ool d

esegration

rulin

g. T

et th

e in

tegration

status

in

the

Sou

th

still stan

ds as

follows:

AB

SOL

UT

EL

Y N

ON

E: A

labam

a, Georgia, L

ouisiana, Mississip

-pi, S

outh

Carolin

a; 1,400,000 N

egro stud

ents.

TO

KE

N:

Arkansas,

Virgin

ia, N

orth

Carolina,

Florid

a; about

500 Negroes in m

ixed schools.

JUS

T B

EG

INN

ING

: T

exas and Ten

nessee; 46,000 out of 425,-

000 Negro

stud

ents in

tegrated.

"WELL

AL

ON

G:

Delaw

are, K

entucky, M

aryland, M

issouri,O

klahoma.

FU

LL

IN

TE

GR

AT

ION

: D

istrict of

Colum

bia and

West V

ir-

ginia; in

volving 115,000 N

egro stud

ents.

segregated W

ool-worths, e

tc. T

heyare not interested

in whether

thestruggle

is successful, taut ratheras to w

hether it is conducted

insuch a w

ay as to advance this par-ticular

creed.C

OR

E,

for in

stance,

pu

ts its

emp

hasis

on

small

pick

et lin

escon

du

cted

under strict

"CO

RE

discip

line"

rather th

an m

obilizin

gth

e largest

and

m

ost effective

force of

pacifists

and

non

-paci-

fists. T

hey refuse to support pick

-et lin

es run

by n

on-p

acifists an

dto

particip

ate w

ith

non

-pacifists

in b

uild

ing a tru

ly broad an

d

mas-

sive m

ovemen

t. In

P

hilad

elph

ia,for

examp

le, CO

RE

h

as threaten

-ed to w

ithd

raw support from

th

eY

outh

C

omm

ittee A

gainst

Segre-

gation

wh

ich is

carrying ou

t the

struggle th

ere solely

becau

se th

isgroup

would n

ot affiliate with

it.S

ince

the

vast m

ajority of

those

who support the

integration

strug- [

ious, N

egro and

white.

Within

such a

movem

ent socialists

havethe

right to

present their

ideas,as do pacifists and others. B

ut tom

ake as

a condition

of working

together acceptance of one group'sview

s is divisive and sectarian.

Th

e m

ass of

the

Negro people

in

the

Sou

th h

ave an

other prob-

lem—

their ow

n self d

efense. W

hen

a N

egro com

mu

nity

is faced

by

the organ

ized violen

ce of

the

KK

Kers—

with th

e fu

ll knowledge

that

there

is n

o hope

of police

protection

—it w

ould be askin

g forviolen

ce for the N

egroes to ?o un

-arm

ed. Th

is is wh

at hap

pen

ed

inM

onroe, N

o. Carolina.

The

Negro

pop

ulation faced

the terror

of an

armed

KK

K w

hich

wen

t th

rough

their

neigh

borh

oods

shootin

g tip

their h

ouses. It responded

by arm

-in

g itself

into

a d

efense

guard.S

ince th

at time th

e KK

K h

as not

dared to try shootin

g up

the N

c-gle are

not p

acifists, C

OR

E

in a

STO com

mu

nity. S

uch

self-d

efense

sectarian

way

divid

es th

e stru

g-gle

and

lessens th

e im

pact

of it.

Understanding the

real role ofpacifists in the N

egro struggle, it

led to

the p

revention

of

violencew

hile

pacifist

techn

iqu

es w

ouldh

ave led to fu

rther violen

ce. Th

isth

e Negroes in

the S

outh

fully uit-

excuse to the Southern w

hite big- T

imes.

These

papers go

out of

is not difficult to explain the fa- | derstand. T

hey may be w

illing tovorable press they receive in suchesteem

ed representative organs of

the pow

er elite as the N

ew Y

ork

NA

AC

P Y

OU

TH

PR

OT

ES

T:

Mpls. Cops Fail to Stop P

kketersby

Sally

Porter

MIN

NE

APO

LIS—

A

picket line

demonstration in front of a large

Minneapolis W

oolworth store w

asheld

by the local

Youth C

ouncilof the

NA

AC

P Saturday, Feb. 21.T

he picket

line w

as in

accordw

ith the NA

AC

P's national policyof

full and

active support to the

struggles of the Southern student

protest m

ovements.

In a

pressrelease

dated Feb. 25, the

Youth

Council

called for

"full support

from

all persons

who

believe in

Civil

Rights

and full

expressionof

freedom

for all

peoples."T

he pickets,

about 40

strong,carried

signs stating

"Has T

heB

ill of Rights B

ecome a D

oormat

for Southern H

ospitality?" "Free-

dom O

n the Battlefront L

ost in aD

ime Store," and "C

an a M

inne-apolis

Dim

e Store

Be

a Sym

bolof

Freedom?"

CO

PS

BA

CK

D

OW

NW

hen the picket line w

as firstannounced the

Chief of Police for-

bade the dem

onstration w

ith the

excuse that it would cause a race

riot. T

he N

AA

CP

leaders regis-

tered a

strong vigorous

protesta

ga

ins

t th

e dictatorial p

ro-

nouncement

and dem

anded a

meeting

with

the police

depart-m

ent. Under pressure the C

hief ofPolice backed dow

n.

The

spirit of som

e particip

ants

can best be ind

icated by the com

-m

ents

of a

high

school

stud

ent

who

said,

"We heard

about the

picketing th

rough

friends. W

ew

anted to lend a little moral

sup-port.

I don't thin

k we can ch

ange

the w

orld, bu

t we can

help

try."

Unfortunately,

the Minneapolis

spirit did

riot extend

across the

river in the city of St. Paul.

Mrs.

Addie

C.

Few,

presidentof

the St.

Paul

branch of

theN

AA

CP,

said the

Youth C

ouncildid

not plan to

picket. A

state-m

ent in

the S

t. Paul

Dispatch

of February 27, w

hich was attrib-

uted to M

rs. Few

, said that due

to the

fact that

the - St.

PaulB

ranch w

ill be

host to

theN

AA

CP's

convention June

21-26,it w

as decided not to picket in St.Paul

so th

at good

public rela-

tions could be maintained for the

convention. T

he president of the

Min

ne

so

ta statew

ide NA

AC

P,how

ever, praised

"th

e courage

and conviction of

NA

AC

P youthm

em

be

rs"

who

picketed the

Woolw

orth store.

WH

Y

WO

OL

WO

RT

H'S?

Participants in the

Minneapolis

demonstration

indicated "W

ool-w

orth goes everywhere." T

he sit-

ins in the South have been main-

ly in chain stores. Kress stores do

not spread

into the

Mid-W

estand

Tw

in C

ities. K

resge stores,

which

are in

the M

id-West

andT

win C

ities, are scarce in South-

ern states. W

oolworth has

storesin the

Mid-W

est and South

andelsew

here in

the country.

So a

Woolw

orth store

was selected

inM

inneapolis.

In an

open

letter distributed atth

e pick

et line th

e You

th C

ouncilstated

: "W

hile A

merican

s in

th

em

ain d

o not agree w

ith S

outh

erncu

stoms

wh

ich

attemp

t to

mak

esecon

d

class citizen

s out

of dark

skin

ned

Am

ericans,

man

y d

o not

realize that th

ey ind

ividu

ally cangive

voice to

their

disagreem

ent

by refu

sing

to sup

port th

e econ

-om

y w

hich

con

tribu

tes to

the

main

tenan

ce of

these

un

-Am

eri-can,

un

-dem

ocratic custom

s."

accept

aid from

th

is p

acifistgroup

or th

at m

inister

but th

eyrefuse

to be bound by th

eir doc-

trines.

The task w

hich faces the Negro

struggle in

both the

North

andSouth

is the

creation of

a new

militant leadership to replace the

conservative forces in the NA

AC

Pleadership

and the

pacifist doc-

trinaires. Such a leadership would

base itself

on the

Negro

masses

and their

action rather

than on

legalism or politicking in the

two

parties. T

he role

of socialists in

this struggle is to help in the cre-ation of this leadership.

RO

LE

O

F

SOC

IAL

ISTS

The radical forces in this coun-

try are very small. T

hey have, nev-ertheless,

been able

to m

ake a

substantial contribution to the Ne-

gro struggle in the past

and the

potentiality for the future is much

greater. Even w

ith weakened forc-

es, radicals can say w

ithout fear

of contradiction

that the

move-

ment in the

North

in support ofthe

Negro Struggle in the

Southw

ould have

been m

uch sm

allerw

ithout the support and leadershipgiven to it at m

any stages by rad-icals,

young and

old

. Socialistsunderstand

the need

to link

theSouthern

Negro's

struggles w

iththe labor m

ovement in the N

orthand

with the strong

pro-integra-tion

sentiment

on the A

merican

campus. T

he Negroes in the South

cannot win alone. T

hey need mas-

sive support in the N

orth. Social-ists have been able to greatly as-sist

such projects

as the

Youth

I March for Integrated Schools,

the| K

iss Case, and the current sit-in

| campaign. Socialists

of all views

I can be

proud of

the w

ork they| have

done—w

ork w

hich in m

osti cases

socialists have

not gotten

; credit for because of

the present

political climate in the country.

But socialists play an even m

orecrucial

role—a

political

role. T

he

revolutionary socialist

movem

ent

: is the

only p

olitical tendency

wh

ich is free from

wh

at the B

rit-ish

call the

EST

AB

LISH

ME

NT

—: th

at is

the cap

italist class

thai

| rules th

is country and its su

port-

I ing and

conservatizin

g in

stitu-

i tions,

bureaucracies and

agents.

j Becau

se of

our u

nd

erstand

ing

of; the

natu

re of

class relation

s in.

this country

and our relian

ce oia

the w

orking people in th

eir strug-

gles on all issu

es we are th

e only

l political

force wh

ich has

nothing'i to

fear from

the

creation of

&gen

uin

e and

ind

epen

den

t m

assi m

ovemen

t of the N

egro people forj eq

uality. A

ll oth

er political

forcesseek

to con

tain th

e N

egro strug-

| gle w

ithin

establish

ed

bou

nd

s or

oppose it

outrigh

t. Such

a c

on

-sciou

s political

movem

ent

of op

-p

osition to th

e staus q

uo can

play

an

imp

ortant

role in

th

e N

egro| m

ass movem

ent w

hich

is already

I in objective

struggle

against

thej statu

s quo

but w

hich

has

yet to

reach

political

consciou

sness

ttfth

e con

sequ

ences of

this stru

ggle.

The present attitude

of the Ne-

gro people tow

ards the tw

o m

a-| jor

parties is

very indicative of

j this process. It is in reality a par-| a.doxical

situation. To the

extenti that

the N

egroes no longer rely

| on governmental action alone

1 tosolve their problem

s but have tak-en things into their ow

n hands—to

this extent

the present

atti-tude of N

egroes on politics is pro-| gressive.

How

ever, the

strugglei cannot be w

on on the m

ass actionlevel

alone. T

he N

egroes realize

' this too, and this is the breeding

! ground for

all sorts

of illusions

about the

"progressive" wing of

the Dem

ocratic Party or even w

hatN

ixon m

ight accom

plish.B

ut the

two

parties offer

noreal hope to the N

egro people. The

Dem

ocratic Party is com

promised

on civil

rights by

its D

ixiecratw

ing. T

he R

epublican P

arty is

comprom

ised by its political bloc

in Congress w

ith these very same

Dixiecrats and the inability of its

! executive to

even prosecute

thelynchers

of M

ack P

arker! T

hefeebleness of both parties is illus-

I trated by the inability of a liberal

I coalition to get

a sizable vote for

j a cloture in the S

enate.T

he forces

within

the N

egroi com

munity that

instead of

lead-ing

the N

egroes out of the

trapof

the tw

o m

ajor parties

leadthem

further

into it do

nothingbut hold back the developm

ent ofthe

Negro

people. T

his role

isplayed

not only

by the

officialN

AA

CP leadership w

hich lines upsquarely

with

the "liberals"

ofthe D

emocratic P

arty, but also bysuch "leftists" as those around A

.Philip

Randolph.

For instance,

one of the most progressive m

ove-m

ents in

recent tim

es w

as the

Youth

M a r e h

movem

ent which

was

organized by the

Randolph

forces.N

o sooner did they have it or- 'ganized

and really

moving

than,they

scuttled it.

As a

substitutefor the independent action of them

ass of

Negro and

white

youthunder the Y

outh March m

ovement

Randolph cam

e up with the "bril-"

liant" idea of directing the whole

movem

ent towards petitioning

thei com

ing conventions of the two m

a-! jor

parties. Thus the

independent1 m

ass movem

ent becomes

nothingjbut an auxiliary petitioning bodyI

(Continued on Page 8)

Page 6Y

OU

NG

SO

CIA

LIST

April, 1960

YS

SU

RV

EY

R,E

VE

AL

S:

Sit-in Demonstrations Flare in 45 Cities in South

(Below

is a roundup in. brief

ofevery

area in the Suoth where, to

our know

ledge, sit-in dem

onstra-tions

have been

held. Suoh

de-m

onstrations have

reached over

45 Southern cities and into

everystate in

the South w

ith the sole

exception of

Mississippi.

Most

ofthe

demonstrations

occurred in

national chains.

Woolw

orth's be-

ing the

most

comm

on. H

owever,

recently the

press has refused

tonam

e the

stores involved—

un-doubtedly

fearing a boycott.)

AT

LA

NT

A,

GA

.—N

egroes and

Whites

ate to

geth

er at

the

same

cou

nters

on March 4 and

5. Ho

w-

ever,

they

were

barred

from

re-

peatin

g th

is o

n March

7.

AU

ST

IN,

TE

X—

Ab

ou

t, 20

Ne-

gro

and

w

hite

stud

ents

at th

eU

niv

ersity of Tex

as d

emo

nstrated

March

11

again

st th

e U

niv

er-sity

's seg

regatio

n po

licies.C

HA

RL

OT

TE

, N

.C.—

Stu

den

tsfro

m

the

Joh

nso

n C

. Sm

ith U

ni-

versity

, a

Negro

scho

ol, h

eld sit-

in

dem

on

stration

s h

ere in

F

eb-

ruary

.C

HA

TT

AN

OO

GA

, T

EN

N.

—

Ario

t o

ccurred

here

wh

en w

hite

hig

h sch

oo

l stu

den

ts attem

pted

to

break

up

a

sit-in d

emo

nstra-

tion

o

f N

egro h

igh

school stu

-d

ents at

two

variety sto

res, o

ne a

Wo

olw

orth

ou

tlet.C

INC

INN

AT

TI

—

Pick

eting

bythe

NA

AC

P

of tw

o W

oo

lwo

rthsto

res is

con

tinu

ing

in

this

cityd

espite

the

interv

entio

n o

f Dem

o-cratic

Go

vern

or

DiS

alle. D

iSalle

opposed

th

e p

icketin

g on

th

eg

rou

nd

s it

mig

ht

lead to

"vio

-len

ce."C

OL

UM

BIA

, S

.C.—

Fifty

stu-

den

ts beg

an sit-ins h

ere March 2

.O

n M

arch 3,

200 stu

den

ts from

Allen

Un

iversity

and

Ben

edict

College m

arched

for

two h

ou

rs inthe

center

of to

wn

. O

il M

arch 5,

violence flared as 50 Neg

roes

bat-

tered cars in

a wh

ite restau

rant's

marking lo

t.C

ON

CO

RD

, N

.C.

—

Stu

den

tsi'ram

Barb

a-Sco

tia C

olleg

e held

a

religio

us

service

on

the

cou

rt-h

ou

se lawn as a d

emo

nstratio

n o

f'/u

pp

ort

to

the

sit-in m

ov

emen

t.

DA

YT

ON

A,

FL

A

Sit-in

s were

/ield in this F

lorid

a city M

arch 2.

DE

LA

ND

, F

LA

.—S

tud

ents

or-

gan

ized a

sit-in d

emo

nstratio

n.V

ecently h

ere.D

EN

MA

RK

, S

.C. —

V o r h

e e sC

ollege stu

den

ts w

ere arrested

asth

ey attem

pted

to sit at a "w

hites

on

ly"

soda fo

un

tain.

DU

RH

AM

, N

.C.—

Four

wh

itestu

den

ts from

D

uk

e U

niv

ersityjo

ined

with

Negro

stud

ents

toco

nd

uct

sit-in stru

gg

les h

ere.E

LIZ

AB

ET

H

CIT

Y,

N.C

.—O

neof th

e W. T

. Gran

t sto

res was th

escen

e of

a sit-in

dem

on

stration

in th

is tow

n.

SO

UT

HE

RN

S

IT-IN

: N

egro stud

ents seek

cou

nter

service at

F.

W. W

oolworth

Go. in

Rock H

ill, S.C

.,Feb.

13. M

anagem

ent

refused

to serve th

e stu

den

ts at at th

e "w

hites on

ly" bar and

closed the cou

nter.

FA

YE

TT

EV

ILL

E,

VA

.—.S

it-insin

this

city w

ere u

nd

ertaken

by

Shaw

U

niv

ersity an

d S

t. A

ug

us-

tine

College

stud

ents.

GR

EE

NS

BO

RO

, N

.C.—

The

sit-in m

ov

emen

t had

its b

irth in

this

So

uth

ern city

Feb

ruary

2.

Par-

ticipatin

g in

th

e d

emo

nstratio

ns

were

stud

ents

from

N

orth

Caro

-lin

a A

gricu

ltural

and

Tech

nical

College,

Ben

nett

Co

llege,

and

Dudley

High

School.

This

was

also th

e first

city w

here

wh

itestu

den

ts jo

ined

with

Negro

stu- |

den

ts in

dem

on

strating

for

inte-

gratio

n.

HA

MP

TO

N,

VA

. —

S

tud

ents

from

Ham

pto

n In

stitute

beg

and

emo

nstratio

ns

at a

local W

oo

l-w

orth

store

on F

eb. 11.

By

Feb-

ruary 2

2 they w

ere served fo

r th

efirst

time—

bu

t at

exh

orb

itant

prices.

A cup

of coffee cost

them

$1 and a hot

dog $1.45.H

EN

DE

RS

ON

, N

.C.

— T

hirty

-th

ree stu

den

ts from

K

ittrell C

ol-lege

held

a sit-in

dem

on

stration

in th

is to

wn

wh

ich b

ecame

fa-m

ou

s recen

tly fo

r its long, d

rawn

out, an

d v

iolen

t textile

strike.

HIG

H

PO

INT

, N

.C.—

N e g r o I

teenag

ers co

nd

ucted

the

integ

ra-tio

n strug

gle in th

is town o

n Feb.

11. . „

HO

US

TO

N,

TE

X.—

Th

is city

was

the

scene of th

e m

ost rev

olt-

ing

atrocity

of

the

curren

t in

te-g

ration

strug

gle.

A

man

was

flogged w

ith ch

ains

ajid th

e in

i-tials

"KK

K"

carved

on h

is ch

estby

Klan

smen

retaliating

again

stsit-in

dem

on

stration

s co

nd

ucted

by T

exas S

ou

thern

Un

iversity

stud

ents. .

KN

OX

VIL

LE

, T

EN

N.—

Negroes

roam

ed th

rou

gh

variety

storesh

ere recently sto

pp

ing a few

min

-u

tes at

lun

ch co

un

ters b

ut

no

tstay

ing

. T

hey

threaten

ed to

re-

turn

.

LE

XIN

GT

ON

, K

Y

A

sit-inw

as attem

pted

here

on M

arch 5.H

ow

ev

er

, th

e d

emo

nstrato

rsfo

un

d th

e sto

re closed w

hen th

eyarriv

ed.

MO

NT

GO

ME

RY

, A

LA

.---T h

i scity,

mad

e fam

ou

s b

y th

e b

us

boycott m

ov

emen

t, h

as b

een th

escene

of m

ou

ntin

g tension as

the

local_ police d

epartm

ent

has

pre-

ven

ted th

e m

ass actio

n o

f th

estu

den

ts. A

cam

paig

n w

as in

iti-

Burly U

nion Men

Aid S. F. Youth P

icket:by D

on Rain

man

SA

N

FR

AN

CIS

CO

—C

'r o w d s

rang

ing

up

to 175,

brav

ing

astead

y drizzle,

staged

a d

emo

n-

stration

in

do

wn

tow

n San

F

ran

-cisco, S

aturd

ay,

March

5, in

sup

-p

ort

of

So

uth

ern N

egro stu

den

ts.W

ith placard

s and signs o

f pro

-tesj ag

ainst

the

So

uth

ern policies

of '-such n

ation

al ch

ain

stores

asW

oolworth

's, K

ress', and

Wai-

green's,

175 S

an F

ranciscan

s of

vario

us

po

litical p

ersuasio

ns

in-

clud

ing

Bay

Area

Yo

un

g S

ocial-

ist^, d

emo

nstrated

from

10:00A

.M.

to

4:0

0 P.M

. T

he ad

hocorg

anizatio

n

of

Bay

A

rea stu-

den

ts, m

emb

ers o

f the

Neg

ro His-

torical

and

C

ultu

ral S

ociety, th

eN

AA

CP

, an

d

the'Y

ttun

g

Socialist

Allian

ce w

ere jo

ined

by

long-

shoj-eimen,

passer-b

y,

and

over100

w

arehousemen

who

took

an

exten

ded

hm'ch

from

a local

con-v

entio

n.

Th

e cro

wd

s pick

eting th

e M

ar-

ket S

treet b

ranch

es o

f Kress

and

Wo

olw

orth

s, reach

ed a

nu

meri-

cal peak

arou

nd

no

on

. W

ith th

earriv

al of

the w

areho

usem

en,

Kress'

sidew

alk was

so con

gested

with

pick

eters th

at

sh

op

pe

rs

could, n

ot

enter

the

store

and

passers-b

y were forced

to walk

inth

e street.

Police

ord

ers to

d

is-p

erse the w

areho

usem

en were

an-

swered by

one of the

dem

on

stra-tio

n lead

ers w

ith "I

can't

do

it.W

hy

do

n't

yo

u?"

On

e g

lance

atth

e b

urly

un

ion

men

stifled an

yfu

rther

attemp

ts at

disp

ersal.T

he

San

F

rancisco

dem

on

stra-tio

n

was

basically

p

eaceful

and

disru

pted

on

ly once

by

a racist

wh

o invoked

an

ang

ry response

from

the

crowd

by lo

ud

ly calling

Negroes "in

hu

man

." Ho

wev

er, the

main

response of

passers-b

y w

asa

qu

estion

ing

" . . b

ut th

ere's no

segreg

ation h

ere."S

everal th

ou

sand

leaflets sta

t-ing

"Why

We

Are

Here"

were

passed

ou

t an

d h

un

dred

s of sy

m-

path

izers signed

a p

etition

to b

esen

t to

the

chain

store

man

age-

men

t an

d a

letter o

f m

oral

sup

-p

ort

to the S

ou

thern

stud

ents.

Ho

pin

g to

cure

any

growing

pain

s the

San F

rancisco B

ay Area

dem

on

stration

s m

ay h

ave,

the

city's daily

press cau

sed the

most

harm

b

y th

eir "h

ush

-up

" policy.

Th

ey "d

o

no

t consider

it n

ews-

I wo

rthy

" and

"will

prin

t no

more

| abo

ut it."

Th

e press h

ad v

irtually

no co

verag

e of

the ev

ents,

pre-ferrin

g in

stead to w

rite ed

itorials

criticising

the

NA

AC

P

for

sup

-p

ortin

g th

e d

emo

nstratio

ns.

A

similar

dem

on

stration

was

held sim

ultan

eou

sly in

Berk

eleyby

Un

iversity

of C

aliforn

ia stu

-d

ents

un

der

the

leadersh

ip o

fC

OR

E

and

the

Natio

nal S

tud

ents

Asso

ciation

. T

here

were

oth

erp

icket

lines

in

nearb

y tow

ns u

n-

der

NA

AC

P lead

ership

.

ated

by

stud

ents

at A

labam

a'S

tate C

ollege. T

he

se

students-h

ave b

een threaten

ed w

ith ex

pu

l-sio

n;

some h

ave alread

y been ex

-pelled

and o

thers

arrested.

. 017M

arch 5

eigh

t h

un

dred

Negroes

were

prev

ented

from

ho

ldin

g a

meetin

g at

the

state cap

itol.

On

March

8,

the

police b

rok

e u

p a

camp

us

rally,

jailing

34 stu

den

tsan

d o

ne

faculty

mem

ber.

MIA

MI,

FL

A.—

Eight

min

istersw

ere u

nsu

ccessful

in attem

ptin

ga

sit-in o

n M

arch 4

. T

he

store

was closed.

NA

SH

V1L

LE

, T

EN

N.—

Eighty -

on

e stu

den

ts w

ere arrested

for

sitting

at a

Wo

olw

orth

lun

ch-

cou

nter

here.

Th

e stu

den

ts were

from

F

isk. In

ano

ther in

ciden

t 50

Negro

men

and

wom

en w

ere ar-

rested on

March

2 for

refusingto leave a b

us term

inal.

NE

W

OR

LE

AN

S,

LA

.—A

g

rou

pof

stud

ents

dem

on

strated on

the

Dillard U

niv

ersity camp

us in

sap-

po

rt of th

e sit-in

s thro

ug

ho

ut th

eS

ou

th.

Th

is was th

e first

stud

ent

action

in Lo

uisian

a.

NO

RF

OL

K,

VA

.—S

eventy-fivestu

den

ts p

articipated in

a lu

nch

-co

un

ter sit-in

-here F

eb. 22.

O'R

AN

GE

BE

RG

, S

.C.

—

Fo

ur

hu

nd

red N

egro stu

den

ts fro

mS

outh C

arolin

a S

tate C

ollege and

Clafto

n C

ollege m

arched

thro

ug

hthe

center

of tow

n March 1.

OR

LA

ND

O,

FL

A.—

High

schoolstu

den

ts co

nd

ucted sit-in

s at tw

olu

nch

cou

nters

here

on

March 5

.

PE

TE

RS

BU

RG

, V

A.

—

Eleven

Negroes w

ere arrested h

ere March

7 un

der a.n

ew an

ti-trespassin

g o

r-d

inan

ce at

the

segreg

ated p

ub

liclib

rary.

Som

e of, th

ose

inv

olv

edw

ere V

irgin

ia.. State

College

and

hig

h school

stud

ents. T

his

is an

-o

ther

example, o

f the sit-in

d

em-

on

stration

s sp

readin

g beyond

the

lun

ch-co

un

ter issu

e. •-..-,

PO

RT

SM

OU

TH

, V

A.

—

Wh

iteh

igh

school stu

den

ts, armed

w

ithh

amm

ers an

d

wren

ches, b

rok

e up

a N

egro h

igh

school stu

den

ts' at-

tem

pta

t: a sit-in

. T

he

nex

t d

ayth

e. police

bro

ke

up

a

peacefu

lN

egro .m

arch

in

the

do

wn

tow

n.area.

RA

LE

IGH

, N

.C. —

T

his

No

rthC

arolin

a city was th

e sixth in

th

e

natio

n to

ex

perien

ce sit-in

s.R

ICH

MO

ND

, V

A.—

Tw

o h

un

-d

red s

tu

de

nt

s from

V

irgin

iaU

nion U

niv

ersity p

articipated

inl

un

ch

co

un

ter d

emo

nstratio

ns

here F

eb. 20. O

n F

eb. 22, 38 were

were

arrested o

n tresp

assing

charg

es w

hen

they

refused

toleave

lun

ch-co

un

ters. O

ne

hu

n-

dred

mo

re w

ould h

ave

go

ne

tojail

if facu

lty m

emb

ers h

ad n

ot

urg

ed th

em

to g

o ho

me.

HO

CK

H

ILL

, S

.C.—

Frien

dsh

ipJu

nio

r an

d C

linto

n Ju

nio

r C

ol-

leges w

ere involved

in sit-in

sh

ere. O

ne

Negro

student, w

ask

no

cked

from,

his

stoo

l an

d an

-o

ther

had

amm

on

ia th

row

n o

nhim

d

urin

g the

dem

on

stration

s.

SA

LIS

BU

RY

, N

.C.-—

Six N

egroesfro

m

Liv

ing

ston

e C

ollege w

ereserved

at th

ree dru

g store

lun

ch-

cou

nters

March

7 as

they

tested

them

fo

r d

iscrimin

ation

.S

AR

AT

OS

A,

FL

A.—

March

2saw

sit-in

dem

on

stration

s in

th

isreso

rt city in

the

deepest S

ou

th.

SO

ME

RV

ilLL

E,

TE

NN

.—T

iw 0

hu

nd

red N

egroes show

ed u

p to

register

to v

ote

here

March

2 as

the

So

uth

ern sit-in

camp

aign

en-

cou

rages

action

in an

oth

er im

-.p

ortan

t civil

righ

ts field.

ST

. L

OU

IS,

MO

.—T

wo

Wo

ol-

wo

rth sto

res are

bein

g picke.ted

here

every S

aturd

ay u

ntil

the

com

pan

y ch

ang

es its

policy of

discrim

inatio

n in

th

e S

ou

th..'T

he

Congress

On

Bacial

Eq

uality h

asb

een con

du

cting th

e pick

eting

.S

T.

PE

TE

RS

BU

RG

, F

LA

.—T

wo

lun

ch-co

un

ters tu

rned

away

30h

igh sch

oo

l stud

ents h

ere as they

pro

tested discrim

inatio

n.

SU

MT

ER

, S

.C.

—

Tw

enty

-sixN

egro stu

den

ts from

M

orris C

ol-lege w

ere jailed March 4 after ta

k-

ing seats at

three lu

nch

-cou

nters.

TA

LL

AH

AS

SE

E,

FL

A.—

Eleven

Negro

stud

ents

were

jailed h

erefor

"distu

rbin

g th

e p

eace" d

ur-

ing

sit-in d

emo

nstratio

ns.

Talla-

hassee

was

the

scene

of

a b

us

boycott m

ov

emen

t a

few

years

ago.TA

MP

A,

FL

A.—

High

sc

ho

ol

stud

ents

started

sit-ins

here

on

Feb

ruary

29

. O

n M

arch 1

on

eh

un

dred

particip

ated.

Th

e sit-in

sco

ntin

ued all w

eek.T

US

KE

GE

E,

A L

A.—

Stu

den

tsof

Tu

skeg

ee h

ave

decided to

tigh

ten th

eir b

oy

cott

of w

hite

merch

ants

wh

ich w

as started

in1957

wh

en N

egroes w

ere g

erry-

man

dered

out of the

vote.W

AS

HIN

GT

ON

, D

.C.—

Capitol

police b

rok

e u

p a

dem

on

stration

of som

e 100 N

egro stu

den

ts h

erein

op

po

sition

to th

e filib

uster.

Th

e p

olice

info

rmed

them

th

at

dem

on

stration

s w

ere fo

rbid

den

with

ou

t p

ermissio

n from

the

Vice

Presid

ent

or

the

Sp

eaker

of

the

House,W

HA

LE

YV

ILL

K,

VA

. —

Fis

t-fig

hts b

rok

e ou

t here F

ebru

ary 23

as w

hites attem

pted

to b

reak u

pN

egro sit-in

dem

on

stration

s.W

INS

TO

N-S

AL

EM

, N

.C.—

One

of th

e earliest

dem

on

stration

s in

the

So

uth

w

as h

eld h

ere. O

ne

Negro

stud

ent,

Carl

Math

ews,

started it

and w

as soon jo

ined b

ystu

den

ts f

ro

m

Win

ston

-Salem

. .T

eachers.

College

wh

en th

eyh

eard

abo

ut

the

dem

on

stration

over the

radio

. A

gro

up of

wh

itestu

den

ts fro

m

Wak

e F

orest. C

ol-lege

join

ed the

Neg

ro sit-ins

and

22 \frere

arrested.

On

M

arch 7

One h

un

dred

Neg

roes w

ere served

at: an

ap

plian

ce store.

How

ever,th

ey''h

ad

to tak

e ou

t .the

food.X

EN

TA

, O

HIO

—G

eyer's

res- ,

tau

ran

t w

as forced

to

serve N

e-groes

here

recently

in

on

e of

the,

first ,clear .cut v

ictories. sin

ce th

esit-in

cam

paig

ns

-were,

started.,

. Stu

den

ts . active

in the

sit-ins-

came

from

nearb

y C

entral

State

College

and

Wilb

erforce

Un

iver-

sity.

Ap

ril, 1960

YO

UN

G S

OC

IAL

IST

Page I

PO

RT

LA

ND

B

AT

TL

E:

Students Arrested for Aiding Strike

FR

EE

SPEE

CH

VIC

TO

RY

: Students crowd around A

. Robert K

auf-m

an to buy the YO

UN

G SO

CIA

LIST

. He defied police

persecution,snow

balls, and loss of city job to establish

his dem

ocratic right.

Bait. Socialist Defies Mob,Court in Liberties Fight

BA

LT

IMO

RE

, M

d.—A

crim

inalcourt

jury

found B

ob K

aufman,

YTS Corresponding E

ditor in

Bal-

timore, guilty of "disorderly

con-duct" on

March

7 after deliber-

ating only 20 minutes. T

he charge

stemm

ed from

his

arrest on D

e-cem

ber 3 while he w

as selling theY

OU

NG

SO

CIA

LIST

in

front of

Baltim

ore's C

ity C

ollege (a

boyshigh school). (See F

ebruary Y

S).

The judg"e instructed the jurors

to consider three main

points:F

irst: It

is illegal

to m

akeloud

and offensive

noises. Did

the defendant

shout loudly?

Second:

Was the

defendantdisrupting

traffic by

standingon

the pavem

ent? D

id othershave to w

alk around him? D

idthe

defendant cause others

tostand

on the

pavement

andstreet

thereby causing

trafficobstruction?

Third:

It is

illegal to

useprofanity

in public.

Did

de-fendant

say "god-damn" tw

iceas testified to toy tw

o police of-ficers?

Did he say "hell" once

as testified

to by

a student

witness?

As

has been

stated, K

aufman

was selling the

YO

UN

G SO

CIA

L-

IST.

In the manner of any other

newsboy

he w

as "haw

king" his

papers in

a loud voice.

As

any

salesman of the Y

S knows, selling

that paper

brings a crowd to ask

questions and to buy papers. T

heright to sell the

YS

, or for th

atm

atter any other paper, has been

upheld in

numerous

courts as

part

of the

concept of

"freedomof the

-press."W

hile he

was

waiting

trialK

aufman

went . right

on selling

the Y

S in

public places.

About

two

and a

half w

eeks prior

totrial

he w

ent back

to C

ity C

ol-lege selling.

He w

as attacked and

pelted with snow

balls by some of

the hoodlum

elem

ents at

theschool.

This

did not deter K

auf-

man's

returning the

next w

eekfor

another sale. H

enry T

. Y

ost,principal

of the

school, and

15student

guai'ds form

ed a

protec-tive ring about him

as he hawked

his papers.

Principal

Yost

toldhecklers,

"Move along. L

et's keep

moving.

We've had

enough trou-ble on account of this." K

aufm

anreports

that

he sold

about 80

copies of

the Y

OU

NG

S

OC

IAL

-IST

.Speaking of his trial, Kaufm

ansaid, "T

he basic issue was that

Iw

as a

socialist. T

hat is

what I

was

convicted for."

The

Balti-

more

AC

LU

is

taking the

caseand

will

probably appeal

it to

the Suprem

e Court if necessary.

POR

TL

AN

D—

As

this

is being

written,, the

newspaper

workers

of P

ortland, O

regon, have been fighting for

the three

months

fortheir jobs and the m

aintenance of their living and working standards,

They have been engaged in a bitter, som

etimes bloody strike,, char

acterized by the use of

professional strike-breakers and

thugs, hirerby

the publishers

who had

prepared ahead

of time

with

a m

illiondollars w

orth of strike insurance.®

Canadian Youth Hit A-Tests

by P

eter Shane

TO

RO

NT

O—

Forty students and

workers m

arched in

front of

theF

rench Consulate here recently in

protest against

the D

eGaulle A

-bontb adventure in the S

ahara.T

he demonstration not only hit

the front

pages of

the T

oronto•>ress,

it also

received coverage

jver the

nation-wide

televisionnet-w

ork.P

icketers carried

signs bearing

ihe dem

ands, "N

ot B

ombs, F

ree-lorn

For

Algeria!" L

eaflets han-

-Jed out to passers by in the crowd-

rf down-tow

n area

urged a fur-

thering of pro

test to the nuclear

xplosions and

against cold-w

arpolicies in, general.

The

students them

selves are

now

in the

process of

forming

a-Stradent P

eace Union on the cam

-pus of the

Toronto

University.

The

Young

Socialist

Alliance

played an

important

role in

thedem

onstration. It was through the

YSA

's dynam

ic support

of the

decision of a campus socialist

dis-cussion group to hold the

picket-line th

at support of a num

ber ofunaffiliated

socialists w

as mobil-

ized for the m

arch.

Student

anti-war

groups al-

ready are enjoying a healthy ex-

istence on

campuses of universi-

ties in both Montreal and O

ttawa.

On F

ebruary 13 a

demonstration

was held in O

ttawa, sim

ilar to theone in T

oronto, which received the

active support

of both

studentsand faculty. It has been

proposedby one group in M

ontreal that a

protest-motorcade be held at E

ast-er against nuclear bases in

Can-

ada. Tw

o sueh bases are now be-

ing built

in this country,

one at

North

Bay

and one

at M

ountL

aurier.

"So

wh

at?" the

average stu-

dent responds,

"Unions are

get-ting

too strong anw

ay," he adds,

or, if

he's m

ore liberal-m

inded,"I

sympathize,

but w

hat inter-

est is it of mine?"

In the

city of

Portland

itselfsuch

indifference has

become

harder to

maintain.

Students-

have been

drawn

into this

struggle, one

contingent turning

up as amateur strikebreakers, an-

other as

allies of

the striking

workers.

The city of P

ortland hasw

itnessed a

somew

hat unusual

sight for

these tim

e*: student

pickets versus student

scabs.C

OM

PAN

Y D

EM

AN

DS

TO

UG

HE

NF

rom

the R

eed C

ollege press

we

can form

som

e idea

of the

grim situatioa fa_ced by the P

ort-

land newspaper w

orkers.T

he most im

portant issue w

henthe

strike began w

as the refusalof

the P

ortland O

regonian to

permit

the union

to inspect

newm

achinery w

hich the

owners

planned to

introduce, and w

hichseriously

threatened the

jobs of

a large number

of men

employed

as stereotypers. H

owever, this is-

sue w

as superseded

by

another,even

more

crucial, as

Portland's

other paper, the

Journal, enteredthe

strike and

merged

with

theO

regonian to

publish a

limited,

but daily, paper.

The

strikebreakers, m

any of

them

professionals, w

ere import-

ed for the occasion to replace theunion m

en in

their jobs. A

s thestrike

continued, the

companies

grew

cockier, dem

ands w

eretoughened:

a 40 hour

week

in-stead of 35 hours w

ith no pay in-

crease, a

no-strike pledge,

re-vision of w

ork rules, and a cut inpay for m

any categories of work-

Aiding

the publishers

in w

hatsoon

became

an old-fashioned

drive to

smash

the unions, w

erestudents,

primarily

from

Lew

isand

Clark

College,

who

devotedw

eekends and

after-school hours

to this

"noble" task.

The

pub-lishers

offered them

an

unusualopportunity

to pick up some extra

cash.ST

UD

EN

T P

ICK

ET

SA

RR

EST

ED

In protest

against the

studentscabbing

a group

of R

eed and

Portland S

tate students held

fre-quent

demonstrations

which

re-sulted

in the

resignations of

atleast som

e of the student

strike-

breakers w

ho w

are surprised

tosee

the placard-'oearm

g student

pickets. A

further

result, how

-ever, has been tho arrest of abouta

dozen of the students

for vio-lating

the [M

ayor's ordinance

against m

ass picketing.

Petitions

opposing- the

Mayor's

decisionhave

been issued

at both

Reed

and Portland S

tate.A

n editorial in the Reed paper

indicates how

w

ell the

impor-

tance of the strike has been un-

derstood on

this cam

pus: "T

heoperation

of these

two

onceunion,

but now

scab,

shops in

the sam

e town w

ill set

a prece-

dent w

hich m

ight well

do dam-

age to ... new

spapers through-out the nation.

(There is no need

to point out the efforts of unionsthroughout

the years to

guaran-tee w

orking men

a living wage).

With th

is precedent in mind pub-

lishers m

ay w

ell attem

pt to

smash the

power of

the national

printing unions. L

abor's strength

will have been seriously hurt . - ."'U

ndoubtedly m

any of the scab-bing students, in addition to th

eirdesire to m

ake a buck, respondeduncritically

to

company

accusa-tions

of "featherbedding"

andun-A

merican

opposition to

"pro-gress" on the p

art of the unions.

But it

pr

ec

ise

ly this

type of"progress"

that

has sw

ept W

estV

irginia coal

miners

and their

families to the brink of starvation

and the

newspaper w

orkers have

a right to fear it.

Sit-in Demonstrations Flare...

(Continued from

Page 1)

over the state border to Ham

ptonV

irginia, D

eland

Florida,

Rock

Hill,

S.C.,

Chattanooga,

andN

ashville, T

en., and other

statesand cities.

As

the dem

onstrations spread,the w

hite Southern officialdom be-

gan to recover from

the mom

en-tary paralysis that the boldness ofthese

direct actions

against the

accepted "custom

s" of the

Southhad

created. M

ayor W

illiam G

.E

nloe of Raleigh, N

.C. said, "It is

regrettable that some of our young

Negro students w

ould risk endan-gering' R

aleigh's friendly and co-

operative race relations by seekingto change a Song-standing customin a m

anner, that is all but destin-ed to fail."

This w

as not enough of an im-

plied invitation

to violence,

soM

alcolm

B.

Seawell,

State

At-

torney G

eneral of

N.C

., went

onto

say that

the students

actions"pose a serious th

reat to the peaceand

good order in the

comm

uni-ties in w

hich they occur."S

hortly after, arrests of demon-

strators on charges of trespassing,disturbing

the peace, and sim

ilarcounts in R

aleigh and other citiesbegan.

These

were yet c

lea

re

ran

indication of

where

the city

and state government stood.

It w

asn't long

before violence

did break out. It started with egg

throwing

in R

aleigh, N

.C.,

andR

ock H

ill, S.C

. P

rom

there the

situation

steadily deteriorated

to

the point of fist

fights and

out-right

rioting. In

Chattanooga

Tenn. a riot developed in

an

S.H.

Kress

store w

hen d«m

onstratersw

ere attacked by white, youths. In

Portsm

outh, V

a., N

egro high

school students were attacked w

ithham

mers and w

renches in a park-ing

lot adjacent

to a store

theyhad

just left

after a

sit-in. Al-

though the

police had

escortedthem

from

the

store they

were

strangely incapable

of shielding

them from

the attack. O

ther actsof violence, w

ith the police always

trying to

stop them

only

afterthey

had started,

finally culm

i-nated

in a huge riot

in Ch

atta-

nooga w

ith the

use of fire hoses

to break it up.FIL

L

TH

E

JAIL

SS

tatements of this sort and the

hostility of the

policy and w

hitehoodlum

elem

ents did

not deter

the intransigent Negro youth from

laying and

carrying out

furtherplans.

In R

ichmond

they broad-

ened the fight to include an eco-nom

ic boycott of stores guilty of

Jim C

row lunch counter practices.

There

and in

other cities

theyraised the slogan of "fill the jails"as an answ

er to continuing arrestsof

demonstrators.

These

have been

the m

ajoraspects of the

story up until thepresent tim

e. In High P

oint, N.C

.,a bit of hum

or injected itself when

an S.H

. K

ress store

remained

open serving

food on a desegre-

gated basis.

The

gimm

ick? N

ostools.

Everybody,

white

and N

e-gro,

were served standing up. T

hishas

been term

ed "vertical in

te-gration."

While

there w

as hum

or there

also w

as bestiality.

In H

ouston,T

exas, on

the evening of M

arch7th,

Felton

Turner,

27, was kid-

napped by four

white youths. H

esaid they told him

they had been"hired

to do

a job"

because oflocal

sit-in dem

onstrations. T

heydrove him

to a wooded area, hung

him by his heels from

a tree and

beat him

w

ith chains for

thirtym

inutes. T

hen with

a knife theycarved tw

o sets of Klu K

lux Klan

initials on his chest. They

check-ed his respiration af one point

ac-cording

to T

urner, to

see if

hew

as still alive.D

EE

PER

DISC

ON

TE

NT

The actions have begun to show

a tendency

to diversify

into at-

tempts to

break down segregation

in other

areas, alm

ost as

if the

actions around

sitting at

lunchcounters w

ere only a reflection ofa deeper discontent.

The

failure to

achieve m

orethan

token

school integration,

lynchings such

as

the M

ackP

arker incident, and the failure ofthe federal

government

to take

decisive action,

are some af

thecauses of th

is discontent.

Interested in a penetrat-ing study of the civil rightsbattle

in the

South?read:

NE

GR

OE

SO

N T

HE

MA

RC

Hby D

AN

IEL

GU

ER

INnow

at

reduced price

CL

OT

H: $1.50

PA

PE

R: §1.00

Pioneer P

ublishers116 U

niversity Place,

N.Y

.C. 3, N

.Y.

Three

Pam

phlets of

Interest:

New

Edition:

THE

H

UN

GA

RIA

NR

EV

OLU

TIO

NB

y Shane M

age"It deals w

ith the highly con-troversial subject of the

Hun-

garian revolution

in

a w

aythat

should challenge

thethinking of all on the L

eft."35c

.postpaid

WH

ICH

RO

AD

for

SO

CIA

LIS

T

YO

UTH

?—

reformism

or revolutionarysocialism

.50c

Postpaid

•

HIS

TOR

Yo

f th

e

INTE

RN

ATIO

NA

LS

OC

IALIS

T

YO

UT

HM

OV

EM

EN

T50c

postpaid

YO

UN

G S

OC

IAL

IST

Box 471, C

ooper Sta., N.Y

.C. 3

Page 8

YO

UN

G S

OC

IALIS

TA

pril,

1960

A R

EV

OL

UT

ION

T

HE

ST

AT

E D

EP

T. C

AN

'T S

TO

P:

I Saw a Cuba Where the People Are Running the Show!

"Ho

w

fashions ch

ang

e!"

a la Castro

—A

ctualidad, H

avana

< by

Hen

ry Gitan

oI H

enry Gitano spent several w

eeks in Cuba

recently)T

hey just kept on coming. F

or two and

a half hours, campesinos (farm

laborers), stu-dents and

workers m

ilitias marched

through the streets of C

axnaguey in Central C

uba tocelebrate

the R

evolution's first

anniversary. They cam

e from the cooperatives, singing in

open trucks with m

achetes, rifles and wooden

training guns;

they represented

workers'

brigades in berets, grey uniforms and boots. T

here were m

en, wom

en and children. L

ook-ing

at their

faces, one

saw

determination. T

he tramp of these m

arching feet stomped a

message in unison: N

othing can stand in the w

ay of our Revolution;

we are

forging full

.steam

ahead.'

A spectator

told me:

"Tell

theoutside w

orld that if the counter-revolutionaries

come, they w

ill befighting

five m

illion people.

I'hope

that

they com

e—they

will

never leave: and w

e will be rid of

them."

The F

ederation of Cuban S

ugarW

orkers has

trained and

armed

55,000 sugar

workers in

the in-

terior "to defend the sugar crop."

About

300 H

avana U

niversitystudents,

including 80 girls, com-

pleted their m

ilitary training last(m

onth w

ith a

climb

up C

uba'shighest m

ountain, Pico Turquino.

The

N.Y

. T

imes

(Jan. 16, 1960)

reports "the

sound of

marching

feet is

echoing throughout C

uba. . . S

tudents, workers an

d peas-

ants are being trained

and armed

in every district of the island . . .

(."they are! enthusiastically spend-ing hours

drilling. There

are saidto toe about

35,000 m

ilitia m

em-

bers being trained in

Havana."

AR

MY

BU

ILD

SW

hile the

people are

beingarm

ed, the

Arm

y is fighting for

the R

evolution w

ith pick, shoveland tractor.

I saw soldiers build-

ing houses for farm w

orkers, con-structing

roads, laying out drain

-age

systems,

reforesting vast

tracts of land, farming

on coops,and

building an entire

scholasticcity, w

hich when

completed, w

illaccom

modate

20,000 c

hild

re

nfrom

the

mountain

range in

Oriente, w

here illiteracy and pov-erty

predominate.

Since soldiers

work

and the

workers

are arm

ed, there

is no

feeed for m

ilitary fortresses.

To-

Colum

bia's nam

e has

been©

hanged to "Liberty C

ity" and its

Sunotion has been reversed:

fromhousing

1 30,000 soldiers of death it

is being: converted into a techni-cal school.

The fortress at

Agra-

monte

is already functioning:

asan education com

plex. All the big

army posts are being: turned into

scholastic centers.

Discussing

this

transformation

with

a soldier, I was told:

"Why

do w

e need

fortresses? T

o us

they are of no use.

We have

thearm

s, and our people are trainedto

use them

. F

or every child

inthese

schools, w

hich w

ere once

'military

fortifications, there

aretw

o soldiers ready to fight for theR

evolution. T

he parents of these

children w

ho are

now

gettingtheir

first chance

at an

educa-tion,

have som

ething to

defend.E

nemies

can capture

military

fortresses, but our stronghold, the

education of

our children

andbetter life for them

, will stand."

NO

MO

RE

SA

LU

TE

ST

he Rebel A

rmy is the diam

etricopposite

of capitalist

armies.

Itis organized

to defend

the in-

terests of the

people. Soldiers do

hot salute because a revolutionaryarm

y does not want puppets,

nordoes

it fear

the questioning

oforders. T

here is no fear of armed

workers; no need

for m

ercenariesw

ho stand

above and

separatefrom

the rest. T

he working rebel

soldiers and

the arm

ed w

orkersare

fused to

defend the

Revolu-

tion's conquests.

Cuba, a land of six

million

in-habitants w

ith less square

miles

than

Pennsylvania, is m

aking: his-tory at a fantastic velocity. W

ith-in one year the revolutionary gov-ernm

ent has the following to its

credit: 10,000 housing units com-

plete, w

ith a

four room

apart-

ment to those earning under $100,

monthly

costing $15.92,

which

isnot rent but the m

onthly paym

entfor

buying1

the house.

Rentals

slashed 50 per cent. Ten partially

constructed hospitals finished andcom

pleted,classroom

sSix

thousand new

constructed during

eight months, including m

ore ruralschools

than

in the

previous 56years;

student enrollm

ent m

ush-room

ed from

666,000 in

1958 to

over 1,000,000

last year.

Electric

rates reduced

30 per

cent; public

phone rates halved;

medicines

cut 20 per

cent; 800

miles

of new

r

oa

ds

built;35

new

bridges; $400,000,000

ofstolen

property confiscated

fromB

atista henchm

en; 133,000

acresreforested by the arm

y. (Sources:

Transcript,

World W

ide 60, N

BC

TV

. Jan. 22, 1960. Revolucion, Jan.

1, 1960).

EC

ON

OM

IC

PLA

NN

ING

The

revolutionary governm

entis breaking the

back of

imperial-

ist control

and replacing it

with

an econom

y based

on national

planning.O

n Feb. 20 a C

entral P

lanningB

oard w

as set up

with

the goal

of doubling

Cuba's

productionw

ithin ten years. This w

ill be ac-com

plished by greater governm

entregulation

of private

enterpriseand increasing the num

ber of stateow

ned enterprises.

Under

the -auspices

of IN

RA

(the N

ational Institute for Agra-

rian Reform

) 7,250,000 acres have

been nationalized,

485 coopera-

tives have been established which

has already accounted

for an in-

crease of 69,000 tons in rice

pro-duction

and a

diversification ofagriculture. 440 cooperative

storeshave been set up. T

hey bring prod-ucts directly from

the coop to theconsum

er, thus

increasing the

buying power of the

farm

work-

ers' income.

After

62 years of Wall Street's

economic

control, half of

Cuba's

land was ow

ned by one per centof the people. N

BC

stated: "Under

the m

ost favorable profit

condi-tions that w

e could arrange or im-

pose we bought sugar cane plan-

tations and grinding mills, cattle

ranches and tobacco farms."

In today's R

evolutionary C

uba,statutes to living leaders are pro-hibited and their photographs

arenot

permitted

in public buildings.

There

has been

an extension of

democracy

in every

sphere. T

hebeaches have been opened up forthe

benefit of

all people.

The

newspaper w

orkers have regained

their integrity by clarifying cert-

ain articles and foreign dispatchesw

ith a notice th

at they w

ere be-ing "published voluntarily by th

isnew

spaper as a legitimate dem

on-stration

of the

freedom

of thft

press which now

exists in C

uba."In

full use of this sam

e freedom

the new

spaper w

orkers declare

that

they consider

the articles,

"untrue and

not in

accordancew

ith the

most

elementary

news--

paper ethics."

FOR

O

UR

BE

NE

FIT

The right to ow

n the land whicli

is toile

d, th

e right to us

ef

ul

work

and the elem

ental right

t*eat

well

are on the

way tow

ardsbecom

ing realities through

INR

A.

Farm

ers are cultivating new lands

on a cooperative basis w

ith trac-

tors w

orking 22 and

23 hours a,

day. In

some

localities w

orkersplan

together w

ith INR

A tech

ni-

cians how

best

to utilize

the

earth's potentialities—

the earth

which

for so long

has been

idlebecause

it w

as private

propertyw

ith a

"Keep

Off"

sign to

thehungry m

illions. A w

orker at Ba*

yamo, N

orberto Pantoja, told m

e}"T

he days th

at come w

ill be goodfor

us. Every thing th

at is beingdone is for our

benefit."T

he Cuban people m

ade a suc-

cessful revolution to

depose thffl

hated butcher Batista w

ho was a

symbol of a terror governm

ent rimfor the benefit of U

S investments

and grafting politicians. Now

theR

evolution is building and plow

*ing to sm

ash hunger

and unem-

ployment; for its defense it is rely-

ing on

the m

obilization of

them

ases who

are willing to

sufferand

fight to

defend w

hat they

have already conquered to

maka

greater conquests.

ST

UD

EN

TS

CO

MM

ITT

EE

S

ET:

Will Love W

in the Struggle?...(C

ontinued from

Page 5)

of the

very political

forces that

bold back the Negro struggle.

The solution is not for the N

e-gro people to w

ithdraw from

poli-tics

but rath

er to

enter politics

on a

higher level—

the level of

independent political action of thew

orking people.

The

long range

goal of the Negro struggle is unity

between the m

ass of N

egroes andthe

working

class m

ovement

inthe

North

through the

formation

of a Labor P

arty.T

he creation of such a party is

a long

term

project—but

it w

illnever

be built unless the

idea ofsuch a party is propagated

today.T

he com

ing 1960 election gives us

a fine opportunity to do just this.T

hrough the vehicle of the Social-

ist W

orkers P

arty presidential

campaign

we

can show

the

realnature of the tw

o parties and of-fer a possibility for the m

ore mili-

tant

elements in the N

egro com

-m

unity and

in the w

orking classto protest

against the tw

o partiesthrough

a socialist

vote. In

this

way socialists can speed the

proc-ess of building a L

abor Party

. For

these reasons we socialists feel our

struggle for socialism

is integrally

related w

ith the

struggle for

theN

egro people for equality. Feeling

this, we do not attem

pt to impose

our view

s on the N

egro struggle.

Rather

we w

ork along

with

thism

ovement as it is in order to build

it and expand it, asking only the

right to express

our views to our

fellow participants

as we go along.

Read

The Young SocialistI w

ant to subscribe (1 year, $1.00; 6 months, 50c)

I want to becom

e a YS Supporter

(Nam

e—please

print)

';'. (A

ddress)

YS

. P

.O.

Box

471, C

aoper Sta.,

N.Y

<C.

3

Socialists Choose '60 National TicketT

he S

ocialist W

orkers party

has chosen

Farrell

Dobbs

andM

yra T

anner W

eiss as

its can-

didates for

UjS.

president and

vice-president in

the 1960

elec-tions.

Students

who

wish

to protest

against the racist, m

issile-direct-ed policies of the D

emocratic and

Republican

Parties w

ill find th

atsupport

for the

Dobfos-W

eissticket

is the m

ost effective

way

to register that protest. "

Farrell

Dobbs,

national chair-

man of the SW

P, was the

party'spresidential candidate in 1956. H

ew

as a leader of the

famous M

in-enapolis T

eamsters strikes

in the

1930's.M

yra Tanner W

eiss, a waitress,

was active in

organizing canneryw

orkers on

the W

est C

oast and

more

recently has

been a

staffw

riter for

the M

ilitant, socialist

weekly.A

national

comm

ittee of

Stu-dents for

Dobbs and

Weiss

is inthe

process of

formation.

Stu-dents w

ho favor a protest vote arebeing asked to

sign up

as spon-sors

(see.'blank below

). A list of

the com

mittee's

sponsors w

ill be

made public w

hen the com

mittee

is formally organized, in

conjunc-tion w

ith the April C

onference ofY

oung Socialist S

upporters in Phi-ladelphia. S

tudents for Dobbs and

Weiss

iias released the

following

campaign

statemen

t:

The tw

o major parties do not

offer a progressive alternate to

Am

erican youth

in the

1960elections.

In reality, they, are

,

two branches of the sam

e party—

a party that lines up with the

Francos, C

hiang Kai-Sheks and

Syngman

Rhee,

and against

the colonial

peoples' struggle

for self-determination; that has

perpetrated the witch-hunt in

this country; that has been un-able to carry through a seriouscivil rights program

; and thatpasses

anti-labor legislation

like the

Kennedy-L

andrum-

Griffin

Bill, against

the inte-

rests of

working people,

who

make up the

majority of this

country.

We

support the P

residentialticket of F

arrell Dobbs and M

y-ra T

anner Weiss of the Social-

ist Workers P

arty, as a way to

protest against the present one-party rule of A

merica, and

tosuport

the struggle

for peace

civil liberties,

civil r

igh

tsand the advancem

ent of labor.

Young Socialists,

in accordance

with

their support

to the

SW

P

campaign

(see March

YS

), hav«been

circulating petitions

to puS

the SW

P on the

ballot in

Mich-

igan, N

ew Jersey,

and P

ennsyl-vania.

FAR

RE

LL

, DO

BB

S

SIG

N U

P N

OW

!Y

ou may list m

y name as a sponsor of Students for D

obbsand W

eiss.

Nam

e

Address

IC

ampus

City and State

Clip and m

ail to: S

tudents for Dof>bs and W

eiss45 E

. 7th St.

I!•

•'>•'•: ':'

:'•"•'• N

ew York 3, N

.Y.i

I...

Documents

PLA - Marxists Internet Archive · v. —Franklyn n Peterso n MADISO N PICKETS: Negr o an d whit e student s stan d togethe r i n solidarit y durin g a demonstratio n i n suppor t